Nutrition Profile Somalia

DEMOGRAPHICS

Total population (000) 8,926 (2008)

Under-five mortality rate Causes of under-five deaths, 2004
Deaths per 1,000 live births
Others 17% Neonatal
Total under-five population (000) 1,611 (2008) 250 22%
Malaria 3%
Total number of births (000) 395 (2008) 200
200 HIV/AIDS
200
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live Globally, 0%
200 (2008)
births) more than
150
Total number of under-five deaths (000) 76 (2008) one third of
child deaths are
100 67 attributable to
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 119 (2008)
undernutrition
Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live Pneumonia
49 (2004) 50 24%
births) MDG
Diarrhoea
HIV prevalence rate (15-49 years, %) 0.5 (2007) Target
18%
0 Injuries 3%
Population below international Measles
- - 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 12%
poverty line of US$1.25 per day (%)
Source: IGME 2009 Source: WHO 2008

Prepared
NUTRITIONAL STATUS
Burden of undernutrition (2008) Stunted (under-fives, 000): 675 Underweight (under-fives, 000): 509
WHO Child Growth Standards
Share of developing world stunting burden (%): 0.3 Wasted (under-fives, 000): 213
Stunting country rank: 47 Severely wasted (under-fives, 000): 69

Current nutritional status Stunting trends Underweight trends

Percentage of children < 5 years old suffering Percentage of children < 5 years old stunted Percentage of children < 5 years old
from: NCHS reference population underweight, NCHS reference population
42 100 % 100 %
Stunting
38 80 80

32 60 60
Underweight
36 40 40
38
13 WHO Child Growth Standards 20 20
Wasting 14 23 18 26 36
NCHS reference population
11 0 0
1997 1999 2006 1997 1999 2006
0 20 40 60 80 100 % MICS MICS MICS MICS MICS MICS
MICS 2006
Source: MICS 2006

• INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING

Infant feeding practices, by age

100% Weaned (not breastfed) Breastfed and

non-milk liquids
90 Breastfed and solid/
semi-solid foods Breastfed and plain
water only
80
Breastfed and other Exclusively breastfed
milk/formula
70

60 Exclusive breastfeeding
Percentage of infants < 6 months old
exclusively breastfed
50
100 %
40
80
30
60
20 40

10 20 9 9

0 0

0-1 2-3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 2000 2006
age (months) MICS MICS
Source: MICS 2006

Printed on: 29-Mar-2010

Somalia
MICRONUTRIENTS
Vitamin A supplementation Iodized salt consumption trends* Anaemia
Percentage of children 6-59 months old receiving Percentage of households consuming Prevalence of anaemia among selected populations
two doses of vitamin A during calendar year adequately iodized salt
391,000 newborns are unprotected
100 % against IDD (2008)
100
100 %
80
80
60 60

40 40 No Data
20
20
1
0
14
0 4 2006
MICS
2005 2006 2007 2008
Source: UNICEF 2009
* Estimates may not be comparable.

ESSENTIAL NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS DURING THE LIFE CYCLE

Pregnancy Birth 0-5 months 6-23 months 24-59 months

Use of iron-folic acid Early initiation of breastfeeding International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes No
- 26%
supplements (within 1 hour of birth) Maternity protection in accordance with ILO Convention 183 No
Household consumption of Exclusive breastfeeding Timely introduction of complementary
1% Infants not weighed at birth - 9% 15%
adequately iodized salt (<6 months) foods (with continued breastfeeding)

Continued breastfeeding at two years 35%

To increase children's chances of survival, improve Full coverage of vitamin A supplementation 100%
development and prevent stunting, nutrition interventions need National guidelines for management of severe acute malnutrition
to be delivered during the mother's pregnancy and the first Partial
incorporating the community-based approach
two years of the child's life.
Policy on new ORS formula and zinc for management of diarrhoea* -

*Information on these policies are being updated Policy on community treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics* -

MATERNAL NUTRITION/HEALTH WATER AND SANITATION

Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted Drinking water coverage Sanitation coverage

1,400 (2005) Percentage of population by type of drinking Percentage of population by type of sanitation
(per 100,000 live births)
water source, 2008 facility, 2008
Maternal mortality ratio, reported
(per 100,000 live births)
1,000 (1994-2006)
Piped into dwelling, Other improved Unimproved Improved facility Shared facility
Total number of maternal deaths 5,200 (2005) plot or yard source source Unimproved facility Open defecation
Source: WHO/UNICEF
100% JMP, 2008 100% 3
Lifetime risk of maternal deaths (1 in : ) 12 (2005)
15
Women with low BMI (< 18.5 kg/m2, %) - - 80% 33 80%
54
70 30
Anaemia, non-pregnant woman (<120 g/l, %) - - 60% 16 60% 83
91
Antenatal care (at least one visit, %) 26 (2006) 40% 40% 8
51 15 52
Antenatal care (at least four visits, %) 6 (2006) 20% 11 20% 5
19 23 6
Skilled attendant at birth (%) 33 (2006) 0% 9 0 0% 6
Low birthweight (<2,500 grams, %) - - Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Primary school net enrolment or
21, 25 (2006) Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP, 2010 Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP, 2010
attendance ratio (% female, % male)
Gender parity index (primary school net
Prepar
enrolment or attendance ratio) 0.84 (2006) Under-five deaths caused by: Diarrhoea: 18% Pneumonia: 24%

DISPARITIES IN NUTRITION
Gender Residence Wealth quintile

Indicator Ratio of male Ratio of urban to Ratio of richest Source

Male Female Urban Rural Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest
to female rural to poorest

Stunting prevalence (WHO Child Growth Standards,

43 41 1.0 32 48 0.7 52 52 47 32 25 0.5 MICS 2006
%)
Underweight prevalence (WHO Child Growth
Standards, %) 33 30 1.1 20 38 0.5 42 42 36 23 14 0.3 MICS 2006
Wasting prevalence (WHO Child Growth Standards,
15 12 1.3 9 16 0.6 17 15 16 11 7 0.4 MICS 2006
%)
Infants not weighed at birth (%) - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Early initiation of breastfeeding (%) - - - 27 26 1.0 24 29 26 24 30 1.3 MICS 2006
Women with low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2, %) - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Prepar