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Classification of Microorganisms NM First Year-3
Classification of Microorganisms NM First Year-3
Classification of Microorganisms NM First Year-3
MICROORGANISMS
Dr Godwin Chakolwa
Student Learning Outcomes
• Define taxonomy, taxon, systematics, and phylogeny.
includes Taxonomy
organisms.
Taxonomy
• Classification - arrangement of organisms into groups based
on common properties, i.e., mutual similarity or evolutionary
relatedness.
• Nomenclature - assignment of names to taxonomic groups
according to the published rules, i.e. process of allocating
names to taxa.
• Identification – Provides the criteria for determining that
a particular microorganism belongs to a recognized taxon
(group), i.e, means by which unknown organisms are
allocated to previously described taxa.
Criteria of Taxonomy
•Phylogenetic Classification System: Groups reflect
characteristics.
Classification of Microorganisms
• All cellular organisms have similar classification
Domain-3
Kingdom-
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Classification Example
Classification Taxa
• A genus consists of species that differ from each other in
certain ways but are related by descent
– Bacteria (Eubacteria)
– Archaea
– Eukarya
• Protists
• Fungi
• Plants
• Animals
THREE DOMAINS
The Kingdoms of Life
• Most biologists use a six-kingdom system.
– Animalia
– Plantae
– Fungi
– Protista
– Archaebacteria
– Bacteria
• Domains - taxonomic level above kingdoms
Classification of Prokaryotes
Kingdom Archaeabacteria
• Unicellular prokaryotes with distinctive cell
•Host preference:
–Plant viruses
– animal viruses
viscerotropic, or pneumotropic
History of Viral Classification
Mode of transmission
– Vector: arboviruses
Overlapping, inconsistent
Virus Classification
• Currently based on molecular biology of genome and
biophysical structure
e.g. Herpesviridae