Eighth Edition

CHAPTER VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:

DYNAMICS
!! Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Kinematics of Particles
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Lecture Notes:
:& >) -(
J. Walt Oler
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Texas Tech University
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2015 - 5 C-+
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Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Contents 7 2mh8@a^1
Jouspev dujpo 6aBZa Tb n qmf Qspcmfn 11.5 b mD a8
Sfdujmjofb s N pujpo; Qptjujpo,Wfmpdjuz & H sb qijdb mTpmv ujpopg Sfdujmjofbs-N pujpoQspcmfn t
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6_>R^1 h
Dv swjmjofb s N pujpo; Qptjujpo,Wfmpdjuz &
Efufsn job ujpopg uif N pujpopg b Qb sujdmf Bddfmfsb ujpo6 _>R^1 h 6 QD G^1 . PLha^1 : 6 mc@ca^1 6 \D @^1
` mG> 6 \D @ B2>m1 Efsjwbujwft pg WfdupsGv odujpot 6 g>8a^1 ] 1hB^1 7 qL2W8
Tb n qmf Qspcmfn 11.2 b mD a8
Sfdub oh v mb s Dpn qpofout pg Wfmpdjuz b oe
Tb n qmf Qspcmfn 11.3 b mD a8 Bddfmfsb ujpo 6_>R^1 h 6QD G_^ 5Ba2R8a^1 7 24\D a^1
V ojgpsn Sfdujmjofb s-N pujpo6 amZ8Ga^1 6 \D @^1 N pujpoSfmbujwf up b Gsb n f joUsb otmb ujpo
6aN8ca 6QD G4
6 _Zc8a D h2@a j^1 6 4Gc6 \D @^1
V ojgpsn mz Bddfmfsb ufe Sfdujmjofb s-N pujpo
Ub oh foujbmb oe Opsn b mDpn qpofout h 6mG2aa^1 7 24\D a^1
6 aN8ca 6 _>R46amZ8Ga^1 6\D @^1
6mBhaR^1
N pujpopg Tfwfsb mQbsujdmft; Sfmbujwf
N pujpo6 m4Gc^1 6\D @^1 : 7 2amG>^1 b a 6Qha>a 6\D @ Sbejb mb oe Usb otwfstf Dpn qpofoutlV7 24\D a
Tb n qmf Qspcmfn 11.4 b mD a8 d2>81 s ,-
N pujpopg Tfwfsb mQbsujdmft; Efqfoefou Tb n qmf Qspcmfn 11.10 b mD a8
N pujpo6\D @^1 : 7 2amG>^1 b a 6Qha>a 6\D @ Tb n qmf Qspcmfn 11.12 b mD a8
6M48Da^1

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
6aBZa^1
:b mQhcl^1 2\ma2cmB^1 ` GZc8
"6@1Ep1 M4D^ 2\m82a2cm\^1 ` BA8G8 6\D @^1 ] \H 6G1D B ` _Q hf :(L jofn b ujdt ) 2\m82acm\^1_
6\D @_^6 44Ga^1 5hZ^1 j^. 5D 2Ho1 b hB b aE^24"6_>R^1h "6QD G^1h
6\D @h 6_8\h "`G>^1 j_Q 5D ;- a^1 i hZ^1 b m46a02Z^1 7 2YqR^1 6 G1D B : ( L jofujdt) 2\m82cm\^1_
5 hZ^1 3 2G@^ h+ ` G>^1 j_Q 5D ;- a^1 i hZ^1 b Q 6>82c^1 6 \D @^1 6 V
D Ra^ ` BA8G82\8mcm2\^1 .` G>^1
. .` G>_^e cmRa 6\D @ 9 1B@p 6aEq^1
(N pujpopg Qb sujdmft ) ' $>C/) ;# & 8- * –
dCf lV.eGWc ] h@ e8\D @ h e a>@h ` G>^1 ] \H ] 2af1 ` 8m( qb sujdmf) = C/) ;# 6\D @ 6 G1D B BcQ
MhMA lV6\D @ j^1 7 2amG>_^ 6 m^2Z8cp1 6\D @^1 ` GZc8 . MZV6 m^2Z8c1 6\D @ ` mG>_^ b h\m6 ^2@^1
.jc@ca lV6 \D @h 6 amZ8Ga
jaG8e8\D @ b 2V` mZ8Ga MA j_Q ` G>^1 [ D @81C1 :(Sfdujmjofbs N pujpo) & >C7(/> ;# & 8-*;#
.6amZ8Ga^1 6 \D @^24
B2R4+6 ;q; h+ b mBR4e ^jc@a j_Q ` G>^1 [ D @81C1 : (Dv swjmjofbsN pujpo) & C@*@>;# & 8-*;#
.6 mc@ca^1 6\D @^24jaG8e 8\D @ b ,V

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Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

(Acceleration) 6_>R^1h (velocity) 6 QD G^1 ,(Position) PLha^1 : 6amZ8Ga^1 6\D @^1

6 \D @^24U D R8` mZ8Ga ^1 MA^1 ] hMj_Q 7 2amG>^1 6 \D @

.6amZ8Ga^1
( QptjujpoDppsejobuf) PLha^1 l;1B@1 U mD R8` 8m
6 MZcb a #1B84164^2G^1 h+ 64>ha^1 6 V
2Ga^1 ] qA b a ` mG>_^
.7 2m;1B@p1 MA j_Q 6 842;^1 ]Jp1
` mG>_^PYha^1 l;1B@1 b 2\ 1C1 ` mG>^1 6\D @ 6 VD Ra b \am
.u 6 mcaE 5B@h ] \^U hD Ra
] m4Gj_Q ,6^1B ] \H lV6 \D @^1 dCf b Q D m4R8^1 b \am2a\
] 2;a^1
y & 6u 2 % u 3
ywt u 6V
2Ga^1 h b aE^1 b m4\D a_^lc2m4` GD ] \H l_Q h*

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
(Acceleration)6_>R^1h (velocity) 6QD G^1 ,(Position) 6@1Ep1 : 6 amZ8Ga^1 6\D @^1
.b aE_^ 64Gc^246@1Ep1 D mT8] BRa lf :6 QD G^1
6 MZc^1 ] Jhh u b aE^1 BcQ Q 6MZc^1 b a ` mG> [ D @8h^-
:b ,V' u b aE^1 BcQ Q“
'y
6QD G^1 MGh8a &
'u
'y
6mN@_^1 6 QD G^1 & w & mjn
' u1 0 ' u

d2>8p1 h d2>81 h D 1BZa 2g^ 6mN@_^1 6QD G^1 b 1 N@p –

.3 ^2Gh+ 3 >ha b h\m2a4D

' y ey
w & mjn &
' u1 0 ' u eu
f.h ., y & 6u 2 % u 3
ey
w& & 12u % 3u 2
eu

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Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

(Acceleration)6_>R^1h (velocity) 6QD G^1 ,(Position) PLha^1 :6amZ8Ga^1 6\D @^1
b aE_^64Gc^246QD G^1 D mT8]BRa lf :6_>R^1
u+ u ’w u b mRa b aE BcQ w e8QD G2a ` G> b 1 2cD 48Q1 h^
'w
& b & mjn
' u1 0 ' u

64>ha :b h\8BY6mN@_^1 6_>R^1

64^2Gh1

: ] L2W8^1 U mD R8b a
' w ew e 2y
b & mjn & &
' u1 0 ' u eu eu 2
f.h . w & 12u % 3u 2
ew
b& & 12 % 6u
eu
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
(Acceleration)6_>R^1h (velocity) 6QD G^1 ,(Position) PLha^1 :6amZ8Ga^1 6\D @^1

:] 2;a
2 3
y & 6u % u : l8p24U D R8b mRa ` G> 6\D @ b 1 K D V
1
:l^28^24h
ey
w& & 12u % 3u 2
eu
ew e 2 y
b& & 2
& 12 % 6 u
eu eu

– b u u > 0 , y > 0 ,w > 0 , b > 12 n /t 2

– b u u > 2 t, y > 16 n ,w > wnby > 12 n /t, b > 0

– b u u > 4 t, y > ynby > 32 n ,w > 0 , b > -12 n /t 2

– b u u > 6 t, y > 0 ,w > -36 n /t, b > 24 n /t 2

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Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Determination of the Motion of a Particle ` mG> 6\D @ B2>m.

] a2\^246ah_Ra b h\8` mG>^1 6\D @V6 mcaE 5B@h ]\^` h_Ra PLha^1 l;1B@1 b 2\1C1-
6QD G^1 ] a2\84` G>^1 PLha B2>m1 b \am , 6 ah_Ra ` mG>^1 6QD Gb 2\1C1-
w>g(y) PLha^11 lV6 ^1B h1 w>g(u) b aE^1 lV6 ^1Bb h\8b 1 b \am 6QD G^1 -
. 6 QD G^1 ] a2\84PLha^1 B2>m1 h 6 _>R^1 ] a2\846 QD G^1 3 2G@ b \amV"6ah_Ra 6_>R^1 7 c2\1C1 -

b h\8b 1 b \am6_>R^1 h
b & 5u % 2u 2 b > g( u) : b a E^1 lV6 ^1B -
6m_L2W86 ^B2Ra b & 7 y2 % 2 y b > g( y) : PLha^1 lV6^1Bh1-
6m_L2W86 ^B2Ra b & 7w3 %10 w2 b > g( w) : ` G>^1 6 QD GlV6^1B\ 6_>R^1-

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Determination of the Motion of a Particle ` mG> 6\D @ B2>m.
b > g( u); b aE^1 lV6 ^1B\ 6 _>R^1
wu u u
ew
& b& g u ew & g u eu <ew & < g u eu w u % w0 & < g u eu
eu w0 0 0
yu u u
ey
& wu ey & w u eu <ey & <w u eu y u % y0 & <w u eu
eu y0 0 0

b > g( y); :PLha^1 lV6 ^1B\6 _>R^1

ey ey ew ew
w& ps eu & b& ps b & w & g y
eu w eu ey
w y y y

< w ew & < g <g

2 2
w ew & g y ey y ey 1
2 w y % w & 1
2 0 y ey
w0 y0 y0

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Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Determination of the Motion of a Particle ` mG> 6\D @ B2>m.

b > g( w); : eQD G^1 lV6^1B\6 _>R^1

wu u
ew ew ew
& b& g w & eu < g w & < eu
eu g w w 0
0
wu
ew
< g w &u
w 0
yu wu
ew w ew w ew
w & b& g w ey & <ey & <
ey g w y0 w0 g w
wu
w ew
y u % y0 & <
w0 g w

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
11.2 b mD a8
6V2Ga4K D n 1 ?MGX hV5CV 2cb a 5D \7 VCY
9 /` 10 2fD 1BZa j_Qp 6mG+D 6QD G4h ` 20 2fD 1BZa
B>h*;
.u b aE^1 BcQ K D n 1 ?MGX hV 2gQ2W8D1h 5D \^1 6 QD G-
e^D N2ca^1 b aE^1h 5D \^1 em^1 ] J8O2W8D1 jJY+-
6QD Gh K D n 1 ?MG45D \^1 emV` BMJ8kC^1 b aE^1-
.` 1BMJp1 BcQ 5D \^1
: [ GWcD 48A1 ;9*;# ' #B1+
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6 MZcD 248Q24
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]Jp1 6 MZc\
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(K D n 24` 1BMJp1 b aE) D WJkh2GmO2W8Dp1 2aBcQ u b aE^1 B>h1 -

.5D N2ca^1 6QD G^1 B>h1 ` ;

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Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

11.2 b mD a8P428
] @^1
w( u) b oe z( u) l_Q ] hJ@_^b m8Da 6_>R^1 ] a2\
ew
& b & %9.81 n t 2
eu
wu u
<ew & %<9.81 eu w u % w0 & %9.81u
w0 0

n 5 n =
w u & 10 % 6 9.81 2 >u
t 7 t ?
ez
& w & 10 % 9.81u
eu
zu u
<ez & < 10 % 9.81u eu z u % z0 & 10 u % 12 9.81u 2
z0 0

5 n = 5 n =
z u & 20 n $ 6 10 >u % 6 4.90 5 >u 2
7 t? 7 t2 ?

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
11.2 b mD a8P428
.D N2ca^1 O2W8Dp1 B>h1 ` ; D WJkh2G86QD G^1 2a BcQ u b aE^1 B>h 1 -

n 5 n =
w u & 10 % 6 9.81 >u & 0
t 7 t2 ?
u & 1.0 19 t

5 n = 5 n =
z u & 20 n $ 6 10 >u % 6 4.90 5 2 >u 2
7 t? 7 t ?
5 n = 5 n =
z & 20 n $ 6 10 > 1.0 19 t % 6 4.90 5 > 1.0 19 t 2
7 t? 7 t2 ?

z & 25.1 n

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Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

11.2 b mD a8P428
.5D N2ca^1 6 QD G^1 B>h* ` ; D WJkh2GmO2W8Dp1 2a BcQ u b aE^1 B>h1

5 n = 5 n =
z u & 20 n $ 6 10 >u % 6 4.90 5 2 >u 2 & 0
7 t ? 7 t ?
u & %1.243t 0 2g^jcRa p
u & 3.28 t

n 5 n =
w u & 10 % 6 9.81 >u
t 7 t2 ?
n 5 n =
w 3.28 t & 10 % 6 9.81 2 > 3.28 t
t 7 t ?

n
w & %22 .2
t

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
11.3 b mD a8
PV1Ba_^B1B8Dp1 6 Y2M I 2J8ap ` BA8G86_aD W^1 6 m^1
PVBa^1 6 c2M4G j_Q 9 4;a F 4\a b a b h\8m kC^1h
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F 4\a^1 [ D @8mw0 6 m01B8416QD G4h 6c2M4G^1 B1B8D1
lV5D mTJ 6@8Vb a < D AmkC^1 7 mE^1 j_Q MTLm^
6_>R4h B1B8Dp1 6QD Gb a #lM4m l^28^24h F 4\a^1
.F 4\a^1 6QD GPa 2mBD M 3 G2c886 mJY2c8
. w( u),y( u),b oe w( y) :l8p1 B>h1
;] @^1 7 1hMA
b > ew/eu > -lw w( u) 6 QD G^1 B2>mo 6_>R^1 ] a2\
w( u) > ey/eu y( u) PLha^1 B2>mo 6QD G^1 ] a2\ –
b > w ew/ey > -lw w( y) PLha^1 lV6^1B\6QD G^1 B2>mo PLha_^6 4Gc^246_>R^1 ] a2\ –

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Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

11.3 b mD a8P428
;]@^1
b > ew/eu > -lw : w( u) B2>mo •
wu u
ew ew wu
b& & %lw < & %l <eu mo & %lu
eu w0 w 0 w0

w u & w0 f%lu

w( u) > ey/eu ; y( u) –
ey
wu & & w0 f %lu
eu
yu u u
%lu 8 1 @
<ey & w0 <f eu y u & w0 9 % f %lu A
0 0 ; l B0

w
y u & 0 1 % f %lu
l
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
11.3 b mD a8P428
b > wew/ey > -lw : w( y) B2>mo –
w y
ew
b & w & %lw ew & %l ey <ew & %l <ey
ey w0 0
w % w0 & %ly
w & w0 % ly

kD A1 6 ZmD M –
w
y u & 0 1 % f %lu b + 2a4
l
wu
w u & w0 f %lu ps f %lu & h
w0
w 5 wu =
y u & 0 66 1 % > :b C.
l 7 w0 > ?
w & w0 % ly

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Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Uniform Rectilinear Motion 6aN8ca 6QD G46amZ8Ga^1 6\D @^1

.D WJ kh2G8e8_>Q h e 842; b h\8e 8QD Gb ,V"6 aN8ca 6 amZ8Ga 6\D @ ` mG>^1 6\D @ 7 c2\1C.
: 6\D @^1 6^B2Ra b ,Vl^28^24h
ey
& w & dpotub ou
eu ]Jp1 6MZcCA1 b \am:6N@qa
y u l8^24` mG>^1 X qMc1 6 MZc lf
<ey & w <eu D WJb h\8 yp 6 m01B84p1 6V 2Ga^1
y0 0 6^2@ lV2Lm1 e Zm4M8b \amh
y % y0 & wu 6 842; 6 _>R46 \D @^1

y & y0 $ wu

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion 6aN8ca 6_>R46 amZ8Ga^1 6\D @^1

. 6 842; b h\82g8_>Q "6 aN8ca 6amZ8Ga 6 _>R46\D @8a^1 7 2amG>^1

w u
ew
eu
& b& <ew & b <eu
w0 0
w % w0 & bu

w & w0 $ bu
y u
ey
eu
& w0 $ bu <ey & < w
y0 0
0 $ bu eu y % y0 & w0 u $ 1
2 bu 2

y & y0 $ w0 u $ 12 bu 2
w y
ew
w
ey
& b & dpotub ou <w ew & b <ey
w0 y0
1
2 w 2 % w02 & b y % y0

w 2 & w02 $ 2b y % y0

b & Dpotub ou
w & w0 $ bu y & y0 $ w0 u $ 1
2 bu 2 w 2 & w02 $ 2 b y % y0

6 m4C2@^1 D m;,87 @8b mRa O2W8D1 b a ` G>^1 [ D @81C1 -*;# 1B7/;$% 6\D @^1 jaG8:6N@qa
29 /D 8 a ( 9.81-) kh2G86 m4C2>^1 6_>Q 9 m@D WJkh2G86 m01B8416QD G4h MZV6 mLD p1
@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 19
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Motion of Several Particles: Relative Motion 6 m4Gc^1 6\D @^1 : 7 2amG> 6 Qha>a 6\D @

b aE^1 b 2VMA^1 F Wc]hMj_Q [ D @88l8^1 7 2amG>^1

F 2mY3 >m[ ^C\h X qMcp1 6N@^F WcBcQ eG2mY3 >m
.d2>8p1 F WclVh 6MZc^1 F Wcb a 6V
2Ga^1

yC B & yC % yB & B ` G>_^6 4Gc^24C ` G>^1 PLha

yC & y B $ yC B

wC B & wC % w B & B ` G>_^6 4Gc^24C ` G>^1 6 QD G

wC & wB $ wC B

bC B & bC % b B & B ` G>_^6 4Gc^24C ` G>^1 6_>Q

bC & bB $ bC B

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
11.4 b mD a8
] A1BD 8a 12 O2W8D1 b a j_Qp 2mG+D 5D \7 ma D%
18 6 m01B8416 QD G4h BRJa^1 2gmV[ D @8ml8^1 6V D T^1
5 O2W8D1 j_Q BRJa^1 b 2\6N@_^1 F WcBcQ h .9 /D 8a
6aN8ca 6QD G4[ D @8mh lLD p1 i h8Ga^1 b a D 28a1
.j_Q1 j^1 9 /D 8a 2
:3 G@1
.BRJa^245D \^1 ` BMJ8b m1 h j8a -+
.` 1BMJp1 BcQ BRJa^1h 5D \^1 b m46m4Gc^1 6QD G^1 -3
6 4Gc^245D \_^l4Gc^1 PLha^1 6 ^B2Ra 3 8\1 – :9*;# ' #B1+.
PLha^1 b h\m2aBcQ b aE^1 3 G@1 h BRJa_^
6 QD G^1 h l01B84p1 PLha^1 6 amZ4K hQ –
.` 1BMJp1 6N@^ k1 .D WJl4Gc^1
7 pB2Ra lV5D \_^ (h ) 6842;^1 6_>R^1 h 6m01B84p1
PLha^1 6^B2Ra lV` 1BMJp1 b aE4K hQ – .6aN8ca 6 _>R46 \D @^1
5D \_^6 m4Gc^1 6QD G^1 6^B2Ra lV[ ^C\h BRJa_^
PLha^1 h 6 m01B84p1 6 QD G^1 6 amZ4K hQ –
BRJa_^6 4Gc^24
6mMA^1 6\D @^1 7 pB2Ra lVBRJa_^l01B84p1
.6aN8ca^1

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 21
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

11.4 b mD a8P428
:] @^1
6 842;^1 6_>R^1 h 6 m01B84p1 6 QD G^1 h l01B84p1 PLha^1 6 amZ4K hQ
.6aN8ca 6_>R46\D @^1 7 pB2Ra lV5D \_^ (h )

n 5 n =
w C & w0 $ bu & 18 % 6 9.81 2 >u
t 7 t ?
5 n = 5 n = 2
z C & z 0 $ w0 u $ 12 bu 2 & 12 n $ 6 18 >u % 6 4.90 5 2 >u
7 t ? 7 t ?

lVBRJa_^l01B84p1 PLha^1 h 6 m01B84p1 6QD G^1 6amZ4K hQ –

..6 aN8ca^1 6mMA^1 6\D @^1 7 pB2Ra
n
wF & 2
t
5 n =
z F & z0 $ w F u & 5 n $ 6 2 >u
7 t ?

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 22
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
11.4 b mD a8
2aBcQ b aE^1 3 G@1 h BRJa_^6 4Gc^245D \_^l4Gc^1 PLha^1 6 ^B2Ra 3 8\1 –
.` 1BMJp1 6N@^ k1 .D WJl4Gc^1 PLha^1 b h\m

z C F & 12 $ 18u % 4.90 5u 2 % 5 $ 2u & 0

u & %0 .39 t n fb ojoh mft t
u & 3.65 t

6^B2Ra lV[ ^C\h BRJa_^PLha^1 6^B2Ra lV` 1BMJp1 b aE4 K hQ •

.BRJa_^6 4Gc^245D \_^6m4Gc^1 6 QD G^1
z F & 5 $ 2 3.65
z F & 12.3 n

w C F & 18 % 9.81u % 2
& 16 % 9.81 3.65
n
w C F & %19.81
t
@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 23
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Motion of Several Particles: Dependent Motion6 M48Da^1 6 \D @^1 :7 2amG> 6 Qha>a 6\D @

.D ;\1h1 D A1 ` mG> 6\D @ j_Q ` mG> 6\D @ Ba8R8b 2m@p1 K R4lV –

9 m@ B 6_8\^1 PLha j_Q C 6 _8\^1 PLha Ba8Rm] 42Za^1 ` GD ^1 lV –
.2Lm1 7 42; b h\m]1hMp1 Oha>a b ,Vl^28^24h .7 42; ] 4@^1 ] hMb 1
yB $ 2 yC & dpot ubou 7 42; ( 5B@1h 6mD @ 6>D B)
wB $ 2wC & 0
bB $ 2bC & 0
.K R4^1 2gLR4j_Q Ba8R89 q;^1 ] 8\^1 6\D @ ] 42Za^1 ` GD ^1 lV –
2 y B $ 2 y C $ yD & 7 42; ( b 2c;1 6mD @^1 6>D B)

b m46YqR^1 b ,V6mMA 7 2amG>^1 PL1ha b m46 YqR^1 b h\82aBcQ –

.PLha^1 6YqQ ];a b h\82g8q>Q h 2g82QD G
ey B ey ey
2 $ 2 C$ D & 0 ps 2w B $ 2w C $ wD & 0
eu eu eu
ew ew ew
2 B$ 2 C$ D & 0 ps 2b B $ 2b C $ bD & 0
eu eu eu
@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 24
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
11.5 b mD a8
6QD G4]WGp E 5D \4^1 2gm_Q 6 84;a^1 6 c1hMGp1 X ^Ec8
lV.u>0 b aE^1 b 2\ 2aBcQ 9 /6Jh43 2fD BY 6aN8ca
6 _>R4L PLha^1 b a 6\D @^1 B 6c1hMGp1 7 +B4b m@
B 6 c1hMGp1 6QD G b 1 2ca_Q 1C. .b h\G^1 b ah 6 842;
3 G@. , M PLha^247 D a 2aBcQ 9 /6Jh412 7 c2\
2g8_>Qh 2g8QD G [ ^C\h C 6_8\^1 O2W8D1 lVD mT8^1
.M PLha^1 BcQ B 6c1hMGp1 b h\82aBcQ

:9*;# ' #B1+

6c1hMGp1 6\D @ j_Q C 6_8\^1 6 \D @ Ba8R8 – b h\89 m@4kh_R^1 ?MG^1 b a F 2mZ^1 kh8Ga BB@ –
b m4 6\D @^1 6YqQ 3 8\1 .E 5D \4^1 h B .]WGp1 j^1 64>ha^1 6@1Eo1
C 6_8\^1 PLha lVD mT8^1 3 G@1 ` ; ] 8\^1
. u b aE^1 BcQ . ` mZ8Ga MA lV6 aN8ca 6_>R4[ D @88B 6c1hMGp1 –
PLha_^] hJh_^3 h_Ma^1 u b aE^1h 6_>R^1 3 G@.
j_Q ]J@8^]8\^1 b m46\D @^1 6 YqQ ]L2V – .M
j_Q ] J@8^ 6 mc2; 5D a ] L2V` ; .6QD G^1
C 6 _8\^1 6QD G3 2G@ b \am2agcah .6_>R^1 . ` mZ8Ga MA lV6 aN8ca 6QD G4[ D @88E 5D \4^1 –
.u b aE^1 BcQ 2g8_>Q h . u b aE^1 BcQ PLha^1 lVD mT8^1 3 G@1

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 25
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

11.5 b mD a8P428
:9*;#
64>ha^1 6@1Eo1 b h\89 m@4kh_R^1 ?MG^1 b a F 2mZ^1 kh8Ga BB@ –
.] WGp1 j^1
6_>R^1 3 G@. . ` mZ8Ga MA lV6 aN8ca 6_>R4[ D @88B 6c1hMGp1 –
.M PLha_^] hJh_^3 h_Ma^1 u b aE^1h

w 2B & w B 02 $ 2b B y B % y B 0
2
5 jo.= jo.
6 12 > & 2b B 8 jo. bB & 9 2
7 t ? t

w B & w B 0 $ b Bu
jo. jo.
12 & 9 u u & 1.333 t
t 2
t

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 26
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
11.5 b mD a8P428
D mT8^1 3 G@1 . ` mZ8Ga MA lV6aN8ca 6QD G4[ D @88E 5D \4^1 –
. u b aE^1 BcQ PLha^1 lV
yE & yE 0 $ wE u
5 jo.=
y E % y E 0 & 6 3 > 1.333 t & 4 jo.
7 t ?
.E 5D \4^1 h B 6c1hMGp1 6 \D @ j_Q C 6 _8\^1 6 \D @ Ba8R8 –
6_8\^1 PLha lVD mT8^1 3 G@1 ` ; ] 8\^1 b m46\D @^1 6 YqQ 3 8\1
. u b aE^1 BcQ C
,b ,V,7 42; ] 42\^1 ]hM b + 2a4
y B $ 2 y E $ y C & y B 0 $ 2 yE 0 $ yC 0

y B % y B 0 $ 2 yE % yE 0 $ y C % y C 0 & 0

8 jo. $ 2 4 jo. $ y C % y C 0 & 0

y C % y C 0 & %16 jo.

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 27
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

11.5 b mD a8P428
5D a ] L2V` ; .6QD G^1 j_Q ] J@8^ ] 8\^1 b m46\D @^1 6 YqQ ] L2V –
h C 6_8\^1 6QD G 3 2G@ b \am 2agcah .6_>R^1 j_Q ] J@8^ 6 mc2;
.u b aE^1 BcQ 2g8_>Q
y B $ 2 y E $ y C & dpotub ou

w B $ 2w E $ w C & 0
jo.
w C & 18
5 jo.= 5 jo.= t
6 12 > $ 26 3 > $ w C & 0
7 t ? 7 t ?

b B $ 2b E $ b C & 0

5 jo.= jo.
6 9 2 >$ wC & 0 b C & %9 2
7 t ? t

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 28
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Graphical Solution of Rectilinear-Motion Problems - 6amZ8Ga^1 6\D @^1 ]02Ga^lc2m4^1 ] @^1

: y-u jc@ca^1 2ca_Q 1C1 –

y-u. jc@ca^1 ] ma^kh2Ga b h\m w-u jc@ca^1 b ,V –

:w-u jc@ca^1 2ca_Q 1C1 [ ^C\ –

w-u. jc@ca^1 ] ma^kh2Ga b h\mb -u jc@ca^1 b 2V –

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 29
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Graphical Solution of Rectilinear-Motion Problems 6amZ8Ga^1 6\D @^1 ] 02Ga^lc2m4^1 ] @^1

7 @86 @2Ga^1 kh2Gm u2 h u1 b m46QD G^1 lVD mT8^1 ,b -u jc@ca^1 2ca_Q 1C1 h –
. u2 h u1 b m4 b -u jc@ca^1

6 @2Ga^1 kh2Gm u2 h u1 b m4PLha^1 lVD mT8^1 ,w-u jc@ca^1 2ca_Q 1C1 [ ^C\ –
. u2 h u1 b m
4w-u jc@ca^1 7 @8

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 30
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Curvilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration 6_>R^1 h 6 QD G^1 , PLha^1 : & C@*@>;# & 8-*;#

lVhgV` mZ8Ga MA U qA jc@ca ] hMj_Q [ D @8m` mG> b 2\1C1 –

.6 mc@ca 6\D @

P ]Jp1 6MZcb m4e >8a^24U D Rmu b aE^1 BcQ ` mG>^PLha^1 e>8a –

.` mG>^1 e_THmkC^1 PLha^1 h 7 42;^1 lR>D a^1 l;1B@q^
bu u + u
#
u b aE^1 BcQ Q PLha ] THmkC^1 ` mG>_^PLha^1 e >8a s b 2\1C+ –
#
u + u, b aE^1 BcQ Q“ PLha^1 BcQ ` mG>_^ PLha^1 e >8a s / h
# #
# ' s es :b ,V –
w & mjn &
' u1 0 ' u eu
& ( e >8a) 6mN@_^1 6 QD G^1
' t et
w & mjn &
' u1 0 ' u eu
(6 g>8a D mS -6 mG2mY) 6mN@^6 QD G
& jotub oub ofpv t tqffe ( tdb mb s)
@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 31
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Curvilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration 6 _>R^1 h 6 QD G^1 , PLha^1 : 6mc@ca^1 6\D @^1

#
b aE^1 BcQ w / 6QD G^1 h u b aE BcQ w# ` mG> 6QD GD 48Q1 –
,u + u
# #
# ' w ew
b & mjn &
' u1 0 ' u eu
& jotub oub ofpv t b ddfmfsb ujpo( wfdups)
(e >8a) 6mN@_^1 6 _>R^1
e>8a p h ` mG>^1 D 2Ga^F 2aa b h\mp 6_>R^1 e>8a ,2ahaQ –
.6QD G^1

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 32
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Derivatives of Vector Functions 6g>8a^1 ] 1hB^1 7 qL2W8
#
,v 6 mG2mY6 amYhC D mT8a lV6 ^1Be>8a ] ;am Q v OB –
# # # #
eQ 'Q Q v $ ' v %Q v
& mjn & mjn
ev ' v 1 0 ' v ' v 1 0 'v
– Efsjwbujwf pg wfdupstv n 7 2g>8a Pa> ]L2W8,
# # # #
e Q $ R eQ eR
& $
ev ev ev
– 6 g>8a^1 ] 1hB_^lG2mZ^1 3 D L^1 ] L2W8,
# #
e g Q eg # eQ
& Q$ g
ev ev ev
– lf2>8p1 3 D L^1 h lG2mZ^1 3 D L^1 ] L2W8,
# # # #
e Q 4 R eQ # # eR
& 4 R$ Q4
ev ev ev
# # # #
e Q 3 R eQ # # eR
& 3R $ Q 3
ev ev ev
@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 33
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Rectangular Components of Velocity & Acceleration 6_>R^1 h 6QD G_^5Ba2R8a^1 7 24\D a^1

b /V,5Ba2R8a^1 7 24\D a^24jMRa Q ` mG>^PLha^1 e>8a 2aBcQ –

# # # #
s & yj $ z k $ {l

– Wfmpdjuz wfdups6QD G^1 e >8a ,

# ey # ez # e{ # # # #
w& j$ k $ l & y"j $ z" k $ {"l
eu eu eu
# # #
& wy j $ w z k $ w{ l

– Bddfmfsb ujpowfdups6_>R^1 e >8a ,

# e 2y# e 2 z # e 2 { # # # #
b& j $ k $ l & y
""j $ z
"" k $ {
""l
eu 2 eu 2 eu 2
# # #
& by j $ bz k $ b{l

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 34
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Rectangular Components of Velocity & Acceleration 6_>R^1 h 6QD G_^5Ba2R8a^1 7 24\D a^1

7 24\D a 2aBcQ I 2A ] \H46^2RV(y,z,{) 5Ba2R8a^1 7 24\D a^1 –

U hCZa 6 \D @ q;aV, ] Z8Ga ] \H42g_a2\8b \am 6 _>R^1

b y & "y" & 0 b z & "z" & % h b { & "{" & 0

,6 m01B84p1 MhD H^1 Pa
y0 & z 0 & { 0 & 0 wy 0 , w z , w{ 0 & 0
0
lMRmb m8Da ] a2\8^24

w y & w y 0 w z & w z 0 % hu w{ & 0

y & w y 0 u z & w z 0 u % 12 hu 2 {& 0
.6 842; lZV
p1 d2>8p1 lV6QD G^1 –
6_>Q lfh .6_>R^1 6 842; b h\8lG+D ^1 d2>8p1 lV6QD G^1 –
6mLD p1 6m4C2>^1
i 1 .b m8_Z8Ga b 48amZ8Ga b m8\D @42g^1B48G1 b \amU hCZa^1 6 \D @ –
6mZV1 6\D @ h 6mG+D 6 \D @

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 35
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

7 2V
hCZa^1 6\D @-] 2;a

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 36
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
7 2V
hCZa^1 6\D @-] 2;a P428

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 37
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

7 2V
hCZa^1 6\D @-] 2;a P428

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 38
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Motion Relative to a Frame in Translation 6 _Zc8a D h2@a j^1 64Gc6\D @^1
i D Ap1 D h2@a^1 ] \2acm4lR>D a 7 42; D h@a\D h2@a^1 i B@1 PLh4 –
.7 42;^1 D h@a_^64Gc^246 \D @8a D h2@a D 48R8

7 42;^1 D h@a_^64Gc^24 C h B 7 2amG>_^PLha^1 7 2g>8a –

# #
sB b oe sC . lf Pyz{ lR>D a^1
#
D h@a_^6 4Gc^24C PLha U D RmC h B M4DmkC^1 sC B e >8a^1
# # # By“z“{ [ D @8a^1
sC & sB $ sC B

– ,
# # # #
wC & w B $ wC B wC B & B j^1 6 4Gc^24C 6 QD G
# # # #
b C& bB $ bC B bC B & B j^1 6 4Gc^24C 6_>Q

64Gc^24B 6\D @ =aB42gm_Q ] hJ@^1 b \amC $^ 6Z_Ma^1 6 \D @^1 –

. B BcQ 6 \D @8a^1 D h2@a_^6 4Gc^24 C 6 \D @^

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 39
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Tangential and Normal Components 6mBhaR^1 h 6mG2aa^1 7 24\D a^1
,2ahaQh .` mG>^1 D 2Ga^6G2aa b h\8` mG>^6QD G^1 e >8a –
6_>R^1 e >8a b Q D m4R8^242c4S D 1C/V.[ ^C\F m^6 _>R^1 e >8a
.b 2V6 mBhaR^1 h 6 mG2aa^1 7 24\D a^1 6^pB4

# #
h Q BcQ ` mG>^1 D 2Ga^ 6 mG2aa^1 5B@h^1 7 2g>8a fu ' f/u –
# # #
' fu & fu/ % fu ,]Jp1 6MZcF Wc^6 4Gc^24` GD 82aBcQ . Q“
` gcm46mh1E^1 lf ' h

' fu & 2 tjo ' 2

#
' fu tjo ' 2 # #
mjn & mjn fo & f o
' 1 0 ' ' 1 0 ' 2
#
# efu
fo &
e

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 40
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Tangential and Normal Components 6mBhaR^1 h 6mG2aa^1 7 24\D a^1
# #
` mG>^1 6_>Q b /V w & wfu EaD mh 6QD G^1 e >8a –
l_m2a\2g8428\b \am
# # #
# ew ew # ef ew # efu e et
b& & fu $ w & fu $ w
eu eu eu eu e et eu
# b \^
efu # et
& fo e & et & w
e eu
K mhR8^1 BR4,
# ew # w 2 # ew w2
b& fu $ fo bu & bo &
eu eu
64\D a^1 h 6QD G^1 lVD mT8^1 F \R86_>R_^ 6mG2aa^1 64\D a^1 –
.d2>8p1 lVD mT8^1 F \R86 mBhaR^1

9 m@ . 64^2Gh1 6 4>ha b h\8b 1 b \am6mG2aa^1 64\D a^1 –

.D 2Ga^1 #2c@c1 E\D a d2>824D mH82a01B6 mBhaR^1 64\D a^1

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 41
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Tangential and Normal Components 6mBhaR^1 h 6mG2aa^1 7 24\D a^1

[ D @8m` mG>^X 4M82Lm1 6 mE\D a^1 h 6 mG2aa^1 6_>R^1 7 2YqQ –

.#2LW^1 lVjc@ca ]hMj_Q
# ew # w 2 # ew w2
b& fu $ fo bu & bo &
eu eu

h 6mG2aa v oju wfdupst 5B@h 7 2g>8a kh8@mkC^1 i h8Ga^1 –

ptdvmbujoh qmbof F aq8^1 i h8Ga jaGm6mBhaQ
b a dB2>m1 b \am ptdv mbujoh qmb ofF aq8^1 i h8Ga j_Q kBhaR^1 –
# # #
fc & fu 3 fo
#
fo & qsjodjqbm opsnbm lG2G1 kBhaQ
#
fc & cjopsnbm

fc D h@a^1 d2>8246_>Q 6 4\D a B>h8p –

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 42
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Radial and Transverse Components r h - d2>8247 24\D a
jMRa ` mG> PLha 2aBcQ –
b a e c2V6m4MZ^1 7 2m;1B@p24
h 6QD G^1 b Q D m4R8^1 ` 0qa^1
h 6mE1ha 7 24\D a46 _>R^1
. PQ j_Q 6 mBhaQ
X ^Ec8Q 6 _8\^1 –
lf ` mG>^1 6QD Ge>8a –
#
# e # es # efs es # e #
# # w& s fs & fs $ s & fs $ s f
s & s fs eu eu eu eu eu
# # # #
efs # ef # & s" fs $ s " f
& f & %fs # e 5 es # e # = e>8a , 6 g42Ha 6ZmD M4h –
e e b & 6 fs $ s f >
eu 7eu eu ? lf ` mG>^1 6 _>Q
# #
efs efs e # e # #
& & f e 2s # es efs es e # e2 # e ef
eu e eu eu & 2 fs $ $ f $ s 2f $ s
# # eu eu eu eu eu eu eu eu
ef ef e # e # #
eu
&
e eu
& %fs
eu & "s" % s " 2 fs $ s "" $ 2s" " f
@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 43
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Radial and Transverse Components r h - d2>8247 24\D a
b a e c2V6mc1hMGp1 7 2m;1B@p24jMRa ` mG> PLha b 2\1C.•
7 2g>8a ` 1BA8G246 _>R^1 h 6QD G^1 7 2g>8a b Q D m4R8^1 ` 0qa^1
# # #
f S ,f ,b oe l . 5B@h^1

# # #
s & S f S $ { l ,PLha^1 e >8a –

#
# es " # # #
w& & S fS $ S f $ {" l ,6 QD G^1 e >8a –
"
eu

,6_>R^1 e >8a –
#
# ew #
"" % S " 2 f#S $ S "" $ 2 S" " f# $ "{" l
b& & S
eu

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 44
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
11.10 b mD a8
PmD GX mD Mb a lc@ca #E> j_Q D mGm5D 2mGX 02G
2aa ]a1D W^1 ` BA8G1 X 02G^1 , 60 n qi 6 QD G4
. 7 42; - M248lV3 4G8
, 45 n qi j^1 7 JY2c86 QD G^1 8 t BR4ec1 ` _Q 1C1
.] a1D W^1 ` 1BA8G1 6N@^64\D a^1 6 _>Q B>h+

]@^1;
.6 mBhaR^1 h 6mG2aa^1 6_>R^1 7 24\D a 3 G@1 –

.jc@ca_^F 2aa_^6 4Gc^246_>R^1 d2>81h D 1BZa B>h1 –

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 45
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

11.10 b mD a8P428
;]@^1
.6 mBhaR^1 h 6mG2aa^1 6_>R^1 7 24\D a 3 G@1 –

' w 66 % 88 gu t gu
bu & & & %2.75 2
'u 8t t
w2 88 gu t 2 gu
bo & & & 3.10 2
250 0 gu t
60 n qi & 88 gu/t
.jc@ca_^F 2aa_^6 4Gc^246_>R^1 d2>81h D 1BZa B>h1 –
45 n qi & 66 gu/t
gu
b& bu2 $ bo2 & % 2.75 2 $ 3.10 2 b & 4.14
t2
1 n jmf>1760 zb se
Zbse>3 gu b 3.10
& ub o%1 o & ub o%1 & 48.42
1 n jmf>1760 !3>5280 gu bu 2.75

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 46
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
11.12 b mD a8
6mh1E^1 6MG1h4U D Ra P ] h@ O1D C^1 b 1D hB
u h sbe $4 9 m@ > 0 .15u2
O1D C^1 ] hMj_Q X ^Ec8C 6 Z_@^1 . lc1h;^24
D 28ap24 s 9 m@ s > 0 .9 - 0 .12u2 9 m@4

B>h+ 30 p O1D C^1 b 1D hBBR4

6Z_@_^6m_\^1 6QD G^1 ( 1
6Z_@_^6m_\^1 6_>R^1 (3
. O1D C_^6 4Gc^246Z_@_^6 m4Gc^1 6_>R^1(<
;] @^1
.6mc1hMGp1 7 2m;1B@p246_>R^1 h 6QD G^1 3 G@1 – > 30 p 2aBcQ u b aE^1 3 G@1 –

h ]hp1 ] L2W8^1 h s,- b mRLha^1 3 G@1 –

.O1D C_^6 4Gc^246_>R^1 3 G@1 – . u b aE^1 BcQ lc2;^1

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 47
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

11.12 b mD a8P428
] @^1;
> 30 p. 2aBcQ u b aE^1 3 G@1 –
& 0 .15 u 2
& 30 2 & 0 .524 sb e u & 1.869 t

.u b aE^1 BcQ lc2;^1 h ] hp1 ] L2W8^1 h s,- b mRLha^1 3 G@1 –

s & 0 .9 % 0 .12 u 2 & 0 .481 n

s" & %0 .24 u & %0 .449 n t
"s" & %0 .24 n t 2

& 0 .15 u 2 & 0 .524 sb e

" & 0 .30 u & 0 .561 sb e t
"" & 0 .30 sb e t 2

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 48
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
11.12 b mD a8P428
.6_>R^1 h 6QD G^1 3 G@1 –
ws & s" & %0 .449 n t
w & s " & 0 .481n 0 .561sb e t & 0 .270 n t
w
w& ws2 $ w 2 & ub o%1
ws
w & 0 .524 n t & 31.0 2
bs & "s" % s " 2
& %0 .240 n t 2 % 0 .481n 0 .561sb e t 2
& %0 .391n t 2
b & s "" $ 2s" "
& 0 .481n 0 .3 sb e t 2 $ 2 % 0 .449 n t 0 .561sb e t
& %0 .359 n t 2
b
b& bs2 $ b 2 & ub o%1
bs
b & 0 .531 n t & 42.62
@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 49
Edition
Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

11.12 b mD a8P428
. O1D C_^64Gc^246_>R^1 3 G@1 –
6MG1h4U D R8h 6amZ8Ga O1D C_^6 4Gc^246 Z_@^1 6 \D @
. s l;1B@p1

b C PB & "s" & %0 .240 n t 2

@ %$ $ & -31 , /); .? " *455 (86 9.741<! +7/# ' 55 ; 42 3=< ; 1<1; > 10# 11 - 50