IUPAC and common names of aliphatic or open chain compounds

According to IUPAC system, the name of an organic compound containing a single functional group consists
of three parts:
(A) Word root (B) Suffix
(C) Prefix.
(A) Word root: It indicates the number of carbon atoms in the
longest carbon chain selected.
 f o r e x a m p l e

Nuuniber
of carho aloms in chain
carbon
of Word root
C
Meth
Eth
C3
Prop
Ca
But
Cs
Pent
C6 Hex
C7
Hept
Cs
Oct
C9
Non
C0 Dec
C
Undec
C12 Dodec
B)Sultix.The word root is followed by suffix which
( represents th functional group in the molecule.
Functional group
Suffix

ene
-C=C
yne
OH ol
-CHO al
>C= 0 one

-COOH oic acid

C)Prefix It indicates the substituents or side

chains present in the organic molecule.

Substituent/side chain Prefix

-CH3 Methyl
-C;H, Or-CH CH3 Ethyl
-F Fluoro
Chloro
-Br Bromo
Iodo
-NO2 Nitro