Lear UNE Online Centre of Mass of Hollow and Solid Hemisphere - JEE Important Topic What is the Centre of Mass? The centre of mass in Physics is explained as the point where the weighted position relative to other points of the mass of a body becomes zero, making it a point of balance. A mass in an object can be distributed arbitrarily. So basically it is a hypothetical position defined in physics itself relative to any arbitrary object or even a system of objects based on the mass distribution. At this point, force can be applied to impart the body with some linear acceleration without any angular acceleration. If a body is pivoted through the centre of mass then only the effects of rotation can be seen. Derivation of Centre of Mass First of all, it has to be kept in mind that now the motion of a single particle is not the only concern. Now a system of particles has to be studied which constitutes a rigid body. In a rigid body, the assembly of particles has a certain finite distance between the particles. So, for these rigid bodies there is a point where the entire mass is supposed to be concentrated. Let us derive the centre of mass of a simplified two particle system. eam UNE OnineVedaniti, Lear UNE Online Derivation of Centre of Mass From the figure, we see two masses m, and m, at distances r, and r, respectively from the origin 0."Pat us assume that the centre of mass of the system lies at point C which is at distalé@?W8RSrigin O. +4 Therefore, the weighted mean at C is given as In vector form, this can be written as > = mir, + mez my +m Tem = Therefore, this simplified system can be generalised to an n-particle system > => > mari + morte... +Mntn Tom = my + ma+.....+Mn Or, the compact form is given as Tom = = Yimin The above expression is for discrete particle distribution in rigid bodies. Now, for continuous distribution, we can replace the summation sign with integration sign.Vedaniti, Lear UNE Online Hi ttiahy parucre SySteiis, 11 CUHVENTENL WY CalCUIdLe Ue GENE UF add 111A, y alu £ UNECUUIT in the Cartesian coordinate system. Xe ly My duinn MHP 1 im uM iY 1 n M 2a 7 Centre of Mass of Some Symmetric Figures The centre of masses of some symmetric figures is given below. a, Equilateral Triangle Vedantin Learn LIVE OnlineLear UNE Online An Equilateral Triangle H The centre of mass is at the centroid that is at a distance of 7 from the base. rm circular arc or ring Uniform Circular arc or Ring Zens = 0, due to the symmetry of the arc along y-axis - _ Rsin($) em = Tay c. Semicircular DiscLear UNE Online VU LeanUVE Orne Centre of Mass of Semicircular Disc Again, for this case; cm = 0, due to the symmetry of the arc along y-axis 4R Yom = 35 Now, we will next discuss the COM of hollow and solid hemispheres. Centre of Mass of Hollow Hemisphere Let us derive the centre of mass of a hollow hemisphere. We consider a hollow hemisphere of mass M and radius R. The position where the centre of mass lies is on the y-axis, which is the line passing through the middle point in the base of the hemisphere. LeamlVEOnlne RdOLear UNE Online Centre of Mass of Hollow Hemisphere Derivation of com of solid hemisphere dM Rdd Let's consider an elemental strip of mass and has a width of . Therefore, the length of the radius of the hollow hemisphere is r = sind. Now we have to find the expression for dM, M dM = | —, } (2nRsinb.Ri ( 2nR? ) ¢ *) = Msinfdd Now, along y-axis, the y coordinate of COM is given as You = 47 SyDM Substitute the values of dM and y = Reosfin the above equation, we getLear UNE Online vou = pq f (Roos) (Minti) Yom = = f (Reos) (Msinfd#) 0 R Yom 9 | wo] dy R Therefore, the centre of mass of a hollow hemisphere is at “>on the y-axis COM of Solid Hemisphere The same treatment as above can be applied here to find the COM. Here, we take a solid hemisphere of radius R and mass M with its centre of mass lying on the vertical axis passing through the middle point on the base and also perpendicular to the base. Again, consider an elemental disc of mass dM and width dy at a height habove the base.Lear UNE Online Vola LeamllVE Online Centre of Mass of Solid Hemisphere The radius of the disc is given as a er Therefore, the elemental mass of the disc is given as dM = (#) x (mr?dy) 7 (3a) x (xr2dy) Putting the value of r in the above expression, dM = (2) x (1 (R? — y°) dy)Lear UNE Online Now, along y-axis, the y coordinate of COM is given as us “w= (DM Substitute the values of dM in the above equation, we get sae fo) x (w(R° — y”) dy) Integrate the above expression from limits 0 to R, R eee es pe oR? ) x ((R? — 9°) ydy) 3R Therefore, the centre of mass of a hollow hemisphere is at == on the y-axis.Lear UNE Online Difference Between Centre of Mass and Centre of Gravity The centre of mass, as suggested by the name, is concerned with the distribution of mass being equal in all directions without the effect of any other physical factors acting externally, like gravitational pull. Centre of gravity is the distribution of weight being equal in all directions and it has a dependency on the gravitational pull. If the gravitational field is uniform in any region then the centre of mass and centre of gravity of an object inside that field coincides. Summary Let us now see the conclusive points that can be drawn in this context. The main concept of the centre of mass is the weighted average or the average taken of the masses multiplied by their respective distances from a fixed reference point and is the point where a body can be balanced. The centre of mass expression for a rigid body with continuous mass distribution is Tom = 37 J rdm. The centre of mass of a hollow hemisphere is at 4 on the vertical axis. The centre of mass of a solid hemisphere is at 3 on the vertical axis. When a body is placed ina uniform gravitational field, the centre of mass and centre of gravity points coincide. 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