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‡ 3RWDQVL\HO)DUN
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$(/(.75Ğ.$.,0,

%LULOHWNHQLQEHOLUOLELUNHVLWLQGHQELULP]DPDQGDJHoHQ\NPLNWDUÕQDDNÕP
GHQLU $NÕP WHPHO ELU E\NONWU ELULPL FRXORPEVDQL\H \D GD DPSHU $ 
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9(OHNWULNDNÕPÕQÕQ\|QQHJDWLI ± \NOHULQKDUHNHW\|QQHWHUVRODUDNNDEXO
HGLOPLăWLU%XQDJ|UHăHNLOGHNLLOHWNHQGHHOHNWULNDNÕPÕQÕQ\|Q,\|QQGHGLU

II I
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+2q
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QHJDWLIYHSR]LWLI\NOHULQVD\ÕVÕ_±T__T_ TROGXāXLoLQ

T
i = dir.
t

16_12_FOY_FIZIK_046.indd 1 22.11.2016 14:05:42

 46 (/(.75Ğ.9(0$1<(7Ğ=0$

9(OHNWULNDNÕPÕQÕQăLGGHWLDPSHUPHWUHLOH|OoOU$PSHUPHWUH|OoPQ\DSÕ-
ODFDāÕGHYUHHOHPDQÕQDăHNLOGHNLJLELVHULRODUDNEDāODQÕUĞGHDOELUDPSHUPHW-
UHQLQGLUHQFLVÕIÕURODUDNNDEXOHGLOLU

lamba Ampermetre
i i i
A

g51(.

II I
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ìHNLOGHNLL\RQWÖSÖQÖQ6NHVLWLQGHQWVÖUHLÁHULVLQGH,\ÐQÖQGHT\ÖNÖ,,\ÐQÖQGHrT\ÖNÖ
JHÁL\RU
%XQDJØUHHOHNWULNDNäPäQäQ\ØQÞYHõLGGHWLQHGLU"

16_12_FOY_FIZIK_046.indd 2 22.11.2016 14:05:42

 (/(.75Ğ.9(0$1<(7Ğ=0$ 46
%'Ğ5(1d

%LU LOHWNHQLQ HOHNWULN DNÕPÕQD NDUăÕ J|VWHUGLāL ]RUOXāD GLUHQo GHQLU 5 LOH
J|VWHULOLU%LULPLRKP : GXU.HVLWDODQÕ6X]XQOXāX/|]GLUHQFLURODQăH-
NLOGHNLLOHWNHQLQGLUHQFL

S U

1RW
'HYUHGHNL GLUHQFL GHāLăWLUPHN
/ LoLQ NXOODQÕODQ DOHWH UHRVWD
5 U. dir.
6 GHQLU 5HRVWDODUGD GLUHQFLQ
X]XQOXāX GHāLăWLULOHUHN GLUHQ-
FLQ DUWPDVÕ \D GD D]DOPDVÕ
VDāODQÕU ĂHNLOGHNL UHRVWDQÕQ
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bir dirençtir. LNLNDWÕQDoÕNDU
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ìHNLO,YHìHNLO,,GHYHULOHQ;YH<LOHWNHQOHULQLQGLUHQÁOHUL5;YH5<GLU
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16_12_FOY_FIZIK_046.indd 3 22.11.2016 14:05:43

 46 (/(.75Ğ.9(0$1<(7Ğ=0$

&327$16Ğ<(/)$5.

%LULOHWNHQGHHOHNWULNDNÕPÕQÕQROXăPDVÕ\DQL\NKDUHNHWLQLQPH\GDQDJHO-
PHVLLoLQLOHWNHQLQLNLXFXDUDVÕQGDELUSRWDQVL\HOIDUNÕQÕQROPDVÕJHUHNLU%HOLUOL
ELU \NVHNOLNWHQ DNDQ VX\XQ WDQHFLNOHUL HOHNWULN \NOHULQH EHQ]HWLOLUVH VX\XQ
DNÕăÕ HOHNWULN DNÕPÕQD VX\XQ GăWā \NVHNOLN LVH SRWDQVL\HO IDUND EHQ]HWL-
OHELOLU (OHNWULN GHYUHOHULQGH ELU LOHWNHQLQ XoODUÕ DUDVÕQGDNL SRWDQVL\HO IDUNÕQÕ
UHWHoPH\GDQDJHWLULU3RWDQVL\HOIDUN9LOHJ|VWHULOLUELULPLYROWWXU3RWDQ-
siyel farka gerilim de denir.

i
V

ĂHNLOGHNLUHWHFLQLNLNXWEXDUDVÕQGDNLSRWDQVL\HOIDUN9NDGDUGÕU(OHNWULN
DNÕPÕNXWXSWDQ±NXWXEDGRāUXGXU

93RWDQVL\HOIDUNYROWPHWUHLOH|OoOU9ROWPHWUHGHYUHGH V VHPEROLOH
J|VWHULOLU]HULQGHNLSRWDQVL\HOIDUNÕQEXOXQDFDāÕGHYUHHOHPDQÕQDYROWPHW-
UHSDUDOHORODUDNEDāODQÕUĞGHDOELUYROWPHWUHQLQGLUHQFLVRQVX]E\NRODUDN
NDEXOHGLOLU<DQL]HULQGHQDNÕPJHoPH]

voltmetre
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i i i

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16_12_FOY_FIZIK_046.indd 4 22.11.2016 14:05:44

 (/(.75Ğ.9(0$1<(7Ğ=0$ 46
'2+0.$1818

$NÕPGLUHQoYHSRWDQVL\HOIDUNDUDVÕQGDNLLOLăNL2KPWDUDIÕQGDQEXOXQPXăWXU
%XQD J|UH ăHNLOGHNL HOHNWULN GHYUHVLQGH SRWDQVL\HO IDUN DUWÕUÕOGÕNoD 5 GL-
UHQFLQLQ]HULQGHQJHoHQDNÕPGDDUWDU+HUKDQJLELUDQGDSRWDQVL\HOIDUNÕQ
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9
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'LUHQFLQ]HULQGHQJHoHQDNÕPÕQSRWDQVL\HOIDUNDEDāOÕGHāLăLPJUDILāLoL]LOLUVH
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Potansiyel fark

D
0 i (OHNWULNDNÕPÕ

9
(āLP WDQD =  5 dir.
i

16_12_FOY_FIZIK_046.indd 5 22.11.2016 14:05:44

 46 (/(.75Ğ.9(0$1<(7Ğ=0$

g51(.

R = 5:

20 volt

ôHNLOGHNLHOHNWULNGHYUHVLQGHDQDNROGDQJHÉHQLDNäPäNDÉDPSHUGLU"

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RL

16_12_FOY_FIZIK_046.indd 6 22.11.2016 14:05:44

 .218.$95$0$7(67Ğ 46
1. 1 2 3.

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YHõLGGHWLQHGLU" LNHQÖUHWHÁWHQÁHNLOHQDNÜPL1GLU5HRVWDQÜQVÖUJÖ
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 2  
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NHQLQGLUHQFL5GLU GDQLNL\HNDWODQÜ\RU
%XQDJØUHNHVLWL6Ø]GLUHQFLUX]XQOXøX/ %XQDJØUHLOHWNHQLQGLUHQFLNDÉ5ROXU"
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1 1
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$  %  &  '  (  16
    9

16_12_FOY_FIZIK_046.indd 7 22.11.2016 14:05:45

 46 .218.$95$0$7(67Ğ

5. 7. 12 volt L

Gerilim (V)

K
6

3 L

K 8 volt
0 0,2 0,3 $NÜP $
ñÁ GLUHQFL ÐQHPVL] ÖUHWHÁOHU YH . / GLUHQÁOHULQGHQ
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JLELGLU ULQGHQJHÁHQDNÜPíLGGHWLDPSHU/QLQNLDPSHU
R GLU
%XQDJØUH K RUDQäNDÉWäU"
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2  , .YH/QLQGLUHQÁOHULELUELULQHHíLWWLU
$ 2 %  &  '  ( 6
 2 ,, . YH / QLQ Ö]HULQGHQ JHÁHQ DNÜPODUÜQ \ÐQOHUL
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$ <DOQÜ], % <DOQÜ],, & ,YH,,

' ,,YH,,,( ,,,YH,,,

6. R = 7: 8. %LUL\RQWÖSÖQÖQEHOLUOLELUNHVLWLQGHQVGH18

WDQHSR]LWLIYH18WDQHQHJDWLI\ÖNJHÁL\RU
2 1 %XQDJØUHHOHNWULNDNäPäQäQõLGGHWLNDÉDPSHUGLU"
H\ HOHPHQWHU\ÖN  r&

$ 8 %  &  '  ( 

V = 28 volt

ôHNLOGHNL HOHNWULN GHYUHVLQGH 5 GLUHQFLQLQ Þ]H

ULQGHQJHÉHQDNäPäQ\ØQÞYHõLGGHWLQHGLU"
¶UHWHFLQLÁGLUHQÁÐQHPVL]GLU

<ÐQÖ ìLGGHWL $

A) 2 
B) 1 
C) 2 
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8 1-D 2-A 3-B 4-E 5-D 6-B 7-B 8-C

16_12_FOY_FIZIK_046.indd 8 22.11.2016 14:05:46

 )Ğ=Ğ. 47
(/(.75Ğ.9(0$1<(7Ğ=0$

‡ 'LUHQoOHULQ6HULYH3DUDOHO%DāODQPDVÕ
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('Ğ5(1d/(5Ğ16(5Ğ9(3$5$/(/%$Ā/$10$6,

6HUL%DāODPD

'LUHQoOHULQ ăHNLOGHNL JLEL EDāODQPDVÕQD VHUL EDāODPD GHQLU 6HUL EDāODPDGD

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V1 V2

i1 i2
R1 R2

i V

96HULEDāOÕGLUHQoOHULQ]HULQGHQJHoHQDNÕPODUELUELULQHHăLWWLU

i = i1 = i2

96HULEDāOÕGLUHQoOHULQJHULOLPOHULWRSODPՁUHWHFLQJHULOLPLQHHăLWWLU

V = V1 + V2

96HULEDāOÕGLUHQoOHULQHăGHāHUGLUHQFL

RHă = R1 + R2 GLU

16_12_FOY_FIZIK_047.indd 1 22.11.2016 14:05:30

 47 (/(.75Ğ.9(0$1<(7Ğ=0$

3DUDOHO%DāODPD

'LUHQoOHULQăHNLOGHNLJLELD\QÕLNLQRNWDDUDVÕQDEDāODQPDVÕQDSDUDOHOEDāODPD
GHQLU3DUDOHOEDāODPDGDDNÕPNROODUDD\UÕOÕU

V1

i1
R1

V2

i2
R2
i

93DUDOHOEDāOÕGLUHQoOHULQ]HULQGHQJHoHQDNÕPODUÕQWRSODPÕDQDNRODNÕPÕQD
HăLWWLU

i = i1 + i2

93DUDOHOEDāOÕGLUHQoOHULQJHULOLPOHULELUELULQHHăLWYHUHWHFLQJHULOLPLNDGDUGÕU

V = V1 = V2

93DUDOHOEDāOÕGLUHQoOHULQHăGHāHUGLUHQFL

1 1 1
= + GLU
RHă R1 R2

y 3UDWLNRODUDNSDUDOHOEDāOÕLNLGLUHQFLQHăGHāHUL
R152
R Hă = GLU
R1 + R2

y QWDQH|]GHăGLUHQoSDUDOHOEDāODQÕUVDHăGHāHUL
R
R Hă = GLU
n

16_12_FOY_FIZIK_047.indd 2 22.11.2016 14:05:30

 (/(.75Ğ.9(0$1<(7Ğ=0$ 47
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16_12_FOY_FIZIK_047.indd 3 22.11.2016 14:05:31

 47 (/(.75Ğ.9(0$1<(7Ğ=0$

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5: 2:
A
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22 volt

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)h5(7(d/(5

hUHWHoOHU GHYUHQLQ HQHUL ND\QDNODUÕGÕU ĞNL QRNWD DUDVÕQGD SRWDQVL\HO IDUNÕ

ROXăWXUDUDN HOHNWULN DNÕPÕQD QHGHQ ROXUODU 3LOOHU NLP\DVDO HQHUML\L HOHNWULN
HQHUMLVLQHG|QăWUUOHU

3LOOHUOHLOJLOLLONoDOÕăPDODUNXUEDāDODUODoDOÕăPD\DSDQ*DOYDQL¶\HGD\DQÕU*DO-
YDQL|ONXUEDāD\DPHWDOGHāGLUGLāLQGHEDFDāÕQÕQKDUHNHWHWPHVLQLKD\YDQVDO
HOHNWULN RODUDN WDQÕPODGÕ 6RQUDNL \ÕOODUGD YROWD EXQXQ GRNXQGXUXODQ PHWDO
VHEHEL\OH ROGXāXQX NHăIHGHUHN NLP\DVDO RODUDN GHSRODQDQ HQHUML LOH HOHNWULN
DNÕPÕHOGHHGLOHELOHFHāLQLEXOPXăWXU

3LOOHUHOHNWULNGHYUHVLQGH VHPERO\OHJ|VWHULOLUĞGHDOSLOOHULQLoGLUHQFL-
QLQVÕIÕUROGXāXYHEXQHGHQOHÕVÕQPDGÕāÕNDEXOHGLOLU

16_12_FOY_FIZIK_047.indd 4 22.11.2016 14:05:31

 (/(.75Ğ.9(0$1<(7Ğ=0$ 47
hUHWHoOHULQ6HUL%DāODQPDVÕ

ĞoGLUHQFL|QHPVL]UHWHoOHULQĂHNLO,YHĂHNLO,,GHNLJLELEDāODQPDVÕVHULEDā-
ODPDGÕU 9 1 > V 2)

V1 V2 V1 V2
i i i i

i R i R

ĂHNLO,GH5GLUHQFLQLQ]HULQGHNLJHULOLP9 9 1 + V 2

ĂHNLO,,GH5GLUHQFLQLQ]HULQGHNLJHULOLP9 9 1 – V 2GLU

96HULEDāOՁUHWHoOHULQ]HULQGHQD\QÕDNÕPJHoHU

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UHWHoOHUSDUDOHOEDāODQPDOÕGÕU

16_12_FOY_FIZIK_047.indd 5 22.11.2016 14:05:32

 47 (/(.75Ğ.9(0$1<(7Ğ=0$

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K L

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16_12_FOY_FIZIK_047.indd 6 22.11.2016 14:05:32

 .218.$95$0$7(67Ğ 47
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ôHNLOGHNLGHYUHSDUÉDVäQGD./DUDVäQGDNLHõGH
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A) 15 B) 12 C) 11 D) 9 E) 7

16_12_FOY_FIZIK_047.indd 7 22.11.2016 14:05:33

 47 .218.$95$0$7(67Ğ

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16_12_FOY_FIZIK_047.indd 8 22.11.2016 14:05:33

 )Ğ=Ğ. 48
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16_12_FOY_FIZIK_048.indd 1 22.11.2016 14:05:22

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