FORM 3 CHEMISTRY (60 MARKS) Saturday 31thMay, 2024 Time Allowed: 2 hours 1. Define the following terms to show your understanding a) Functional group (1 mark) b) Homologous series (1 mark) c) Fermentations (1 mark) d) Molecular formula (1 mark) e) A catalyst (1 mark) 2. Write the general formula and functional group of alcohols (2 marks) 3. Draw the skeletal formula of alcohols whose n is 2 and 7 respectively (4 marks) 4. The following are the structures of organic compounds. Use them to answer questions given
X W Y S
a) Name the compounds X,W,Y and S (4 marks)
b) To which homologous series do compounds X and W belong (2 marks) c) Classify compounds Y and S as either primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols (2 marks) i Give reasons for your answers in (4c) (2 marks) d) Write the general formula of compound W (1 mark) 5. State any three drawbacks of excessive alcohol intake (3 marks) 6. Explain why alcohols have higher melting and boiling points than hydrocarbons(4 marks) a Within alcohols it is also noted that density is different, using this idea explain why density of Octanol 𝐶8 𝐻17 𝑂𝐻 is higher than ethanol 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 (4 marks) b Apart from density, melting and boiling points mention other two physical properties of alcohol. (2 marks) 7. Study the equation below and answer the given questions
a) Name the process above (1 mark)
b) What is the product marked A (1 mark) 8. Mention any four ways in which alcohols may be used in everyday life (4 marks) 9. With the aid of well labelled diagram describe how ethanol is prepared traditionally (10 marks) 10. Briefly explain how ethanol is produced by hydration method. In your explanation, include possible chemical equations (9 marks) END OF QUESTIONS “Show the power of thought”