Simple Machines

We Know
effects
Force and its
Difterent types offorces
Advantages and
disadvantages of friction
Work
Energy-types and
sources

Machines and their importance in our

daily life
DMachines and their classification
Let's Simple machines -

lever, pulley, wheel and axle,

inclined plane, wedge and screw
get to
Complex machines
Safety habits while using simple machines
 ntoirleotr ene
Reflect what purpose
that are given below and also write for
Name the tools
we use them.

Plecrs
a hammec
Aull ynaesucKe o6 Tels Lut fhinas

SctedLe Llade SPaAned_

tufn bes/nuts
what do need
simple task like moving an object from one place to another,
we
To do a
to apply?
You
Force is applied to move an object. Force is a push or a pull exerted on an object.
stop a moving object like a toy car, by applying force. Whenever force is applied,

energy is used. Energy is the ability to do work.

Some works require more effort. So, we use machines to make such work easier.
A device ora tool used to make work easier with less effort is called a machine.
Machines have become integral part of our lives. They save our precious time by

making our work easier and faster. There are two types of machines Simple and
complex machines.

Simple Machines
Simple machines are simple tools which have one or two parts.
Simple machines do work either by changing the direction of force orby reducing
the effort made. A hammer is used to fix a nail on the wall or in a wooden surface,
an axe is used to cut wood, a needle is used to stitch clothes and pulley is used for
drawing water from a well. These are all examples of simple machines.

Simple machines also help us to do work by applying force at a convenient point.

Claw hammer Axe Needle Pulley

 Compiex Machines
Fact Que
The idea of simple
two or more
A complex machine is made up of machine was introdused
like
complex machines
We use
simple machines,
which by the Greek philosophe
machine, bicycle, fan, car, c r a n e etc,
washing A Archimedes around the
are made of parts that work together,
many 3d century BC.
of muscular force, while
simple machine makes
use

makes use of electricity o r fuel

a complex machine

to produce energy.

Washing machine Crane

Car

Let's learn about the different types of Simple Machines.

machines lever, pulley, screw, inclir
types of simple
-

Generally, there are six

wheel and axle.
plane, wedge and

Lever
A lever is a rod or a bar that can be moved about a fixed point.

It is used to move or lift things.

A lever always has three components -

the fulcrum, the effort and the load.

anywhere along the length ofthe
:
T h e fulcrum, the effort and the load can be

the lever that does not The fulc:

Fulcrum (F): It is the point of support on move.

is a balance point on which the rod moves.

Effort (E): It is the force that is applied to move things.

Effort
Load (L): It is the object that is to be lifted,

moved or cut. Fulcrum

 . The distance between the load and the fulcrum is called the load arm

. The distance between the etort and the fulcrum is called the effort arm.

The longer the rod or the lever, the easier it is to move the load. Placirng the fulcrum
near the load also reduces the effort needed to move it

There are three types of levers depending on the position of the fulcrum, the
effort and the load.
Class 1 Lever or First Class Lever (L F - E)
In this type of lever, the fulcrum is between the load
and the effort. Examples of first class lever are see-saw,
hammer, pliers, common balance, nail clipper, clothes
peg, crowbar, scissors etc. Class 1 lever

See-saw Nail clipper Crowbar

The point where the two parts of scissors are joined is
the fulcrum. The cloth or paper being cut is the load and
the force that is applied to cut the cloth or the paper is
Fulerum

the effort. Load

The first class lever can increase or decrease the force

depending on the load arm and the effort arm. If the
Loa
effort arm is greater than the load arm, it increases the
force. If the load arm is greater than the effort arm, it Fularum
decreases the force. Lcad

Class 2 Lever or Second Class Lever (F - L- E)

In this type of lever, the load is between the fulcrum

and the effort. Examples of the second class lever are Fulcru
Effort
wheelbarrow, bottle opener, nut cracker etc. A second
class lever always increases the force. Class 2 lever