LAS PIÑAS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL ALMANZA

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
AND SOCIETY
(GNED 06)

MS. RUSSEL C. CACHO

Instructor

Science, Technology, and Society (GNED 06)

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

❑ GENERAL OBJECTIVES

To learn about the contributions of both scientific and

technological advancements on the personal, national
and global aspects of society and its impact to human
development and environmental situations. Moreover,
the influence of technology in our lives and in our
society.
Science, Technology, and Society
INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

❑ DEFINITION OF TERMS

Science – Latin “ scientia” which means knowledge

Science, any system of knowledge that is concerned with the
physical world and its phenomena and that entails unbiased
observations and systematic experimentation. In general, a science
involves a pursuit of knowledge covering general truths or the
operations of fundamental laws. (Britannica Encyclopedia)

Science, Technology, and Society

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

SCIENCE

- is a systematized body of knowledge

based on facts, laws, and principles
that are obtained from observation and
experimentation.

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 SCIENCE
It is an idea it comprises ideas, beliefs, theories
and all systematic reasons and
observation on the world.

It is a personal It includes activities of human

and social activity beings to acquire better
understanding of the world.

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 SCIENCE
It is a course It is a subject in basic education, a discipline or a
or field of field of study in higher education that deals with
study. - the process of teaching and learning about the
world.

It is an It incorporates a methodical and applied

intellectual study of the world that involves
activity. - observation and experimentation.

Science, Technology, and Society

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

Technology - the application of scientific knowledge

to the practical aims of human life or, as it is
sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation
of the human environment.

Technology - application of Science

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INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

Society – people in general living

together in organized communities
with shared laws, traditions and
values

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EMERGENCE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

TRADITIONAL SCIENCE STS

Through survey or concepts found in
textbooks
Use labs and activities suggested in
textbooks
Passive involvement of students
Identification of problems with local
interest
Use of local resources
Active involvement of students

Students concentrated on problems Students becoming aware of their

provided by teachers and the responsibilities as citizens
textbook

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EMERGENCE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

The development of science,

technology and society as an
interdisciplinary field of studies
emerged during the social upheavals
of 1960s and 1970s.

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 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
• It is an era of enlightenment and intellectualization that
nurtured the developments in the fields of mathematics,
physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry that changed the
observations of society about the environment.

• It is a golden age for the people committed to principles of

science

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 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Science Ideas

Scientific
Revolution
Humans Society

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KEY CONCEPTS
Three-age system - A system of classifying ancient ages into groups
based on tools developmental stages.
Scientific Revolution - Period of great scientific intellectual
achievements that contributed to essential
changes in scientific investigations.
Industrial Revolution - Period of complex technological investigations that
eventually replaced human and animal forces.
Information Age or the period characterized by the change from traditional
Digital Age- industry to an economy that is founded on
computerization of information.
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 Three-age system
- A system of classifying ancient ages
into groups based on tools
developmental stages.

Christian Jurgensen Thomsen

- An archeologist and a curator of the National Museum of
Denmark, Copenhagen who introduced the Three-Age System
in early 19 th century, through his book entitled “Guide to
Scandinavian Antiquity”.
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 ANCIENT AGE : Three – Age System

20142.5 MYA–3000 BC 3000 BC – 1200 BC 1500 BC – 450 AD

STONE AGE BRONZE AGE IRON AGE

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ANCIENT
AGE
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 STONE AGE
- Subdivided by John Lubbock into “Paleolithic” and “Neolithic”
periods.
- The transitional period between late paleolithic to early
Neolithic was termed as Mesolithic by John Allen Brown in
1892.
- Stone period are based mainly on technological advancement and
not on actual date

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 Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology
STONE AGE

1. Paleolithic Age/ Period (2.5 million years ago-10,000BC)

- Longest phase of human history.
- Humans evolve from ape-like creature to a true Homo sapiens.

▪ Tool – handmade tools and objects found in nature

(sharpened stone, scraper, & needle)

▪ Economy – hunting & gathering

▪ Habitation – mobile lifestyle (caves, huts)

▪ Society – a band of edible-plant gatherers and hunters (25-100 people)

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- simple tools such as stone choppers believed to be
made more than a million year ago by one of our
earliest ancestors, Australopithecus.

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- Neanderthals were cavemen
known to use fire, stone tools of
flake types for hunting, and bone
implements such as needles for
sewing body coverings made of
animal furs and skins.

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 - Homo sapiens groups like Cro-
Magnon man dominated the
Upper Paleolithic period. This
period was known for communal
hunting, extensive fishing,
supernatural beliefs, cloth
sewing, sculpture, painting, and
making personal ornaments out
of bone, horns and ivory.

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 Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology

The three main characteristics of the Paleolithic

Age are as follows:
❑The inhabitants were dependent on their
environment. Men were hunters and women
were gatherers.
❑Used simple tools.
❑Nomadic style of life was practiced.

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Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology

2. Mesolithic Age/ Period (20,000-8,000 BC)

 Tool – handmade tools and objects

found in nature(bow & arrow, fish basket

and boat)

 Economy – hunting & gathering

 Habitation – mobile lifestyle

 Society – tribes and bands

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MESOLITHIC PERIOD
- People began to learn
Fishing along rivers and lake
shores, make pottery and
use bow.

- They made use of stone

tools known as microliths
which were comparatively
smaller and more delicate
than those of Paleoliths.

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MESOLITHIC AGE/ PERIOD

(i) During this age, man had invented the small tools like

spearheads, arrow heads etc.

(ii) The man of Mesolithic Age had started taming the dogs

for the hunting purpose.

(iii) The man of this age was still a food collector and not a

food producer.

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NEOLITHIC AGE/ PERIOD

• Tool – handmade tools and objects found in nature( chisel, hoe,

earthenware & weapons)

 Economy – birth of agriculture, gathering, hunting, fishing and

domestication

 Habitation – farms

 Society – tribes, formation of chiefdoms

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NEOLITHIC AGE/ PERIOD (10, 000-4, 500 BC)

The main characteristic features of

Neolithic age comprised of :
•Domestication of animals.
•Agriculture practice.
•Modification of stone tools., and.
•Pottery making.

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 BRONZE AGE (3300 BC to 1200 BC)
The Bronze Age marked the first time humans started to work with metal. Bronze
tools and weapons soon replaced earlier stone versions. Ancient Sumerians in the
Middle East may have been the first people to enter the Bronze Age.

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 BRONZE AGE (3300 BC to 1200 BC)
▪ Tool – copper, bronze and potter’s wheel

▪ Economy – agriculture( cattle breeding, craft and trade)

▪ Habitation – farms

▪ Society – tribes and chiefdoms formation

potter’s wheel
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- Smelting is a process of extracting metal from or involving heating and
melting.
- Sumerians of Mesopotamia discovered that a harder and stronger
metal could be made by blending copper and tin.

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 DATE EVENT
The Bronze Age (3700 BC-500 BC) The bronze age started at different
areas of the world at different times. The knowledge of how to mix the
copper and tin moved slowly from place to place, plus many areas had
3700 BC no tin and/or copper to make the new metal.
Near and Middle East (3769 BC) Bronze was already in use at this time.
No one knows exactly where or how bronze was first discovered. By
around 3500 BC, farm tools and weapons were being made of this new
3769 BC metal in these areas.
Bronze Age began in Bohemia (3500 BC-3001 BC) Bronze was used in
the Mediterranean and Eastern European areas. This new metal was
expensive to make, plus a craftsman was needed to make this new alloy.
3500 BC

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 DATE EVENT
Indus Valley (about 2500 BC) The Indus Valley civilization in India
was a large early trading center. Bronze tools, weapons, statuary,
jewelry, and even toys were discovered from this time period.
2500 BC

China (2400 BC) The Longshan people of China lived from around
3000 BC to 2400 BC. Toward the end of this period, they used
2400 BC bronze to make tools and weapons.

Europe (2300 BC) The Bronze Age started about 2300 BC in Europe.
Few tools were made in the beginning but by 1200 BC, bronze
2300 BC replaced all stone tools.

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 DATE EVENT
Mycenaean Civilization (1650 BC) The Mycenaean civilization,
located in present-day Greece, used bronze until about 1100 BC.
The southern coastal community of Phylo had 400 laborers in their
1650 BC bronze-working industry.
Egypt (1640 BC) The Egyptians did not have bronze until they were
1640 BC invaded by the Hyksos around 1640 BC.
Start of the Middle Bronze Age (1500 BC) Bronze started to be
found in Western Europe. The undeveloped areas of Northern
Europe did not use bronze until about 1000 BC.
1500 BC
Alps and Central and Eastern Europe (1250 BC) Around this time,
1250 BC bronze swords and helmets were made in these areas.
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 DATE EVENT
Yellow River Area, China (1122 BC-221 BC) After the defeat of the
Shang Dynasty, the Chou Dynasty continued to use bronze-working
1122 BC – 221 BC techniques until iron was introduced after 770 BC.

Korea (100 BC) The Chinese were the ones who eventually
100 BC introduced bronze-working to the Koreans around 1000 BC.

Japan (300 BC) The Japanese used bronze and iron tools at this
that might have been brought over from South Korea. The Bronze
age, though it developed slowly, was a tremendous time of
300 BC technological advancement that helped early civilizations flourish
and expand.

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 IRON AGE (1,200 BC to 600 BC)

 Tool – iron

 Economy – agriculture, cattle breeding, craft & trade

 Habitation – formation of cities

 Society – formation of states

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IRON AGE (1,200 BC to 100 BC)

The Iron Age

- was a prehistoric, archaeological era
that existed from around 1200 BC to
100 BC (the 12th to 1st Centuries Before
Christ). During the Iron Age, iron
material was commonly used to make
tools, so the era was named after it.

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