UNIT 4: CARING FOR THOSE IN NEED

QUAN TÂM ĐẾN NHỮNG NGƯỜI CẦN GIÚP ĐỠ)

A. VOCABULARY
New words Meaning Picture Example
access tiếp cận, sử We had limited access to
/ˈækses/ (v) dụng education and healthcare.
Khả năng tiếp cận các dịch vụ
chăm sóc sức khỏe và giáo dục
của chúng tôi bị hạn chế.

barrier rào cản, Barriers should be removed to

/ˈbæriə(r)/ (n) chướng ngại create an inclusive society for
vật all.
Nên phá bỏ các rào cản để tạo ra
một xã hội chung cho tất cả mọi
người.

blind mù, không He has been blind since birth.

/blaɪnd/ (adj) nhìn thấy được Cậu ấy bị khiếm thị từ khi sinh
ra.

campaign chiến dịch These students at Le Loi School

/kæmˈpeɪn/ (n) want to join the campaign.
Những học sinh này của trường
Lê Lợi muốn tham gia chiến dịch.
charity hội từ thiện Local charities will send them
/ˈtʃærəti/ (n) some Christmas gifts.
Hội từ thiện địa phương sẽ gửi
quà Giáng sinh đến họ.

cognitive liên quan đến People with cognitive

/ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ (adj) nhận thức impairments cannot learn
quickly.
Những người bị suy giảm nhận
thức không thể tiếp thu nhanh.

coordination sự hợp tác There's coordination between

/kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃn/ these two organizations.
(n) Có một sự hợp tác giữa hai tổ
chức này.

deaf điếc, không She has been partially deaf

/def/ (adj) nghe được since birth.
Cô ấy bị suy giảm một phân thính
lực từ khi sinh ra.

disability sự ốm yếu, tàn

/ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/ (n) tật
We should help students with
disabilities.
Chúng ta nên giúp đỡ học sinh
khuyết tật.

discrimination sự phân biệt These children are facing

/dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ đối xử discrimination and poverty.
(n)
Những đứa trẻ này đang đối mặt
với nạn phân biệt đối xử và
nghèo đói.
disrespectful thiếu tôn trọng You shouldn't use disrespectful
/ˌdɪsrɪˈspektfl/ language to talk about disabled
(n) people.
Bạn không nên sử dụng ngôn từ
thiếu tôn trọng khi nói về người
khuyết tật.

donate quyên góp, He decides to donate a large

/dəʊˈneɪt/ (v) tặng amount of money to charity.
Anh ấy quyết định quyên góp một
số tiền lớn để làm từ thiện.

dumb câm, không He was struck dumb by what he

/dʌm/ (adj) nói được had seen.
Anh ấy không thể thốt nên lời
trước cảnh tượng anh đã thấy

fracture (chỗ) gãy He suffered multiple fractures in

/ˈfræktʃə(r)/ (n) (xương) an accident.
Anh ấy bị gãy xương ở nhiều nơi
trên cơ thể trong một vụ tai nạn.
hearing thính giác, It is believed that noise can be a
/ˈhɪərɪŋ/ (n) nghe cause of hearing loss.
Người ta tin rằng tiếng ồn có thể
gây mất thính lực.

integrate hòa nhập, hội We need to help the disabled

/ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ (v) nhập children integrate in the
community.
Chúng ta cần giúp trẻ em khuyết
tật hòa nhập với cộng đồng

mobility tính lưu động, This electric wheelchair has

/məʊˈbɪləti/ (n) di động given her greater mobility.
Chiếc xe lớn điện này giúp cô ấy
di chuyển thuận tiện hơn

physical thuộc về cơ He has coached children with

/ˈfɪzɪkl/ (adj) thể, thể chất physical impairments who want
to play soccer.
Anh ấy dạy những đứa trẻ muốn
chơi bóng đá nhưng bị khiếm
khuyết về thể chất.

solution giải pháp,

/səˈluːʃn/ (n) cách giải
quyết There is no solution to this
serious problem.
Không có giải pháp nào cho vấn
đề nghiêm trọng này.

support (sự) ủng hộ, The purpose of this activity is to

/səˈpɔːt/ (n, v) khuyến khích raise funds to support people in
need and with disabilities.
Mục đích của hoạt động này là
 gây quỹ ủng hộ những người gặp
khó khăn và những người khuyết
tật.
talent tài năng
/ˈtælənt/ (n) They discovered his hidden
talent when he was four years
old.
Họ đã phát hiện ra tài năng tiềm
ẩn của anh ấy khi anh ấy mới
bốn tuổi.

treat đối xử, đối

/triːt/ (v) đãi, điều trị
Children with disabilities should
be treated equally.
Trẻ em khuyết tật nên được đối
xử bình đẳng.

unite thống nhất,

1 think that this will unite people
/juˈnaɪt/ (v) đoàn kết
from different backgrounds and
strengthen our community.
Tôi nghĩ điều này sẽ đoàn kết
mọi người từ nhiều hoàn cảnh
khác nhau và củng cố cộng đồng
của chúng ta.

visual (thuộc về) thị We should help people with

/ˈvɪʒuəl/ (adj) giác, có liên visual impairments.
quan đến thị Chúng ta nên giúp đỡ người bị
giác suy giảm thị lực.

volunteer người tình I volunteered at a special school

/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ nguyện, tình when I was a collect student.
(n, v) nguyện Tôi đã làm tình nguyện tại một
ngôi trường đặc biệt khi tôi còn
 là sinh viên

B. GRAMMAR
1. The past simple tense (Thì quá khứ đơn)
a. Cấu trúc (Form)
Affirmative (Khẳng định) Negative (Phủ định) Interrogative (Nghi vấn)
S + V (past) (+ O) S + did not/ didn't + V(bare - inf) Did + S + V(bare-inf) (+ O)?
(+ O)
They went to the cinema last They didn't go to the cinema last Did they go to the cinema last
night. night. night?

b. Cách dùng (Use)

- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ (finished actions or
events)
E.g: I saw him at the airport yesterday. (Hôm qua tôi đã nhìn thấy anh ấy ở sân bay.)
My aunt sent me a letter two days ago. (Cách đây 2 ngày cô tôi đã gửi thư cho tôi.)
- Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ (repeated actions)
E.g: I played soccer three times a week when I was at school. (Lúc tôi còn đi học thì tôi đã chơi bóng đá
3 lần một tuần.)
She went to Paris twice last year. (Năm ngoái cô ấy đến Pari 2 lần.)
- Diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ (past habits)
E.g: She visited her parents every Sunday. (Vào mỗi Chủ nhật thì cô ấy đã đến thăm bố mẹ.)
We often went swimming every afternoon. (Vào mỗi buổi chiều thì chúng tôi đã thường đi bơi.)
- Diễn tả tình trạng hay tình huống trong quá khứ
E.g: Did you have a car when you were young? (Có phải bạn có ô tô khi bạn còn trẻ không?)
- Diễn tả một chuỗi hành động xảy ra liên tiếp nhau trong quá khứ (sequences of actions)
E.g: He ran to the car, jumped in and raced off into the night. (Anh ta chạy ra xe, nhảy vào trong và lao
vào màn đêm).
c. Các cụm từ thời gian (Time phrases)
Một số cụm từ thời gian được dùng trong thì quá khứ đơn: yesterday, last night/week/month/ year, etc.,
two days/ weeks/months ago, etc., in 2000, at that moment, then, suddenly, when

2. The present perfect simple tense (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
a. Cấu trúc (Form)
Affirmative (Khẳng định) Negative (Phủ định) Interrogative (Nghi van)
S + have/ has + pp (past S + have/ has + not + pp + (O) Have/ Has + S + pp + (O)?
participle) + (O)

She has bought this house. She hasn't bought this house. Has she bought this house?

b. Cách dùng (use)

- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành ở một thời điểm không xác định trong quá khứ. (actions
completed at an unspecific time in the past)
E.g: She has traveled around the world. (Cô ấy đã đi du lịch khắp thế giới.)
- Diễn tả hành động đã hoàn thành rồi nhưng kết quả vẫn còn ở hiện tại (completed actions with a result
in the present)
E.g: Look! He has dyed his hair red. (Nhìn kìa! Anh ta đã nhuộm tóc thành màu đỏ.)
- Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại (actions that started in the past
and have continued until now)
E.g: I have learnt/ learned English for 15 years. (Tôi đã học tiếng Anh được 15 năm rồi.)
- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ nhưng vào thời điểm nói hành động
đó vẫn chưa hoàn thành (actions at a specified time which are not complete at the time of speaking)
→ Cách dùng này thường gặp với trạng từ thời gian như this morning/ afternoon,...
E.g: I have read four books so far this morning.
- Diễn tả một hành động lặp lại nhiều lần cho đến thời điểm hiện tại, chúng ta thường thấy các từ đi kèm
ở cách dùng này như sau:
Several times/hours/days/weeks/months/years, etc
E.g: I have watched this film several times.
 Note:
- Sau cấu trúc so sánh hơn nhất ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
It is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
- Sau cấu trúc: This/It is the first/second... time, phải dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
This is the first time I have eaten this kind of food.
c. Time phrases (Các cụm từ thời gian)
Các từ/ cụm từ thời gian thường gặp trong thì này như:
- already (đã ...rồi), never (chưa bao giờ), ever (đã từng), yet (chưa), just (vừa mới), (cho đến bây giờ),
recently (gần đây), lately (gần đây),
- so far/ up to now/ up to present (cho tới bây giờ), in / over + the past/ last + thời gian: trong .... qua
- for + khoảng thời gian (for 2 days: trong khoảng 2 ngày)
- since + mốc thời gian: kể từ.... (since 2000: từ năm 2000)
Nếu sau "since" là một mệnh đề thì mệnh đề trước since ta chia thì hiện tại hoàn thành còn mệnh đề sau
since chia thì quá khứ đơn.
E.g: I have taught English since I graduated from University.
* Vị trí của các trạng từ trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
- already, never, ever, just: sau "have/ has" và đứng trước động từ phân từ II.
- already: cũng có thể đứng cuối câu.
- yet: đứng cuối câu, và thường được sử dụng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn.
- so far, recently, lately, up to present, up to this moment, in/ over + the past/ last + thời gian: Có thể
đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu.
E.g: have bought this house recently. (Gần đây tôi đã mua ngôi nhà này.)

■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN

Bài 1: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. The students__________English last week.
A. studies B. to study C. studied D. study
2. Did you ride a bicycle__________?
A. every day B. at this time C. this morning D. tomorrow
3. They__________lazy last week.
A. are B. had C. were D. have
4. The fisherman__________a big fish yesterday.
A. to catch B. catch C. catching D. caught
5. His brother__________to England last year.
A. went B. go C. going D. to go
6. Tim__________to school this morning.
A. goes B. did goes C. go D. didn't go
7. Did they__________basketball yesterday?
A. played B. play C. to play D. plays
8. We__________our homework last night.
A. do B. does C. doing D.did
9. Hung__________sad yesterday.
A. had B. is C. was D. has
10. He __________in the pool last Sunday.
A. swam B. swim C. swims D. swimming

Bài 2: Are the underlined parts of the sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary.
1. Here's some news! Tim's closed his store. OK ____________
2. I don't have my bike right now. I've lent it to Alex. _______________
3. Where has Richard gone to school as a child? _______________
4. Who has made the first TV? _______________
5. Corruption has become a big issue in Brazil. _______________
6. His math book isn't here. He's forgotten it at school. _______________
7. My great grandfather has worked in a paper mill. _______________
8. The internet has gone down so I can't send emails. _______________
9. Elvis has been the singer who has sold many albums in the past. _______________

Bài 3: Choose the best answer in brackets.

1. Actually I had supper with my brother (lately/ last night).
2. I haven't seen Linda (for/ since) a long time. How is she?
3. What have you been doing (yesterday/ today)?
4. It's ages (since/ ago) I last went to the cinema.
5. I've been trying to sell my car (for the last time/ for ages).
6. I can't remember (how long/ when) I've had this car.
7. Bin hasn't been to London (when/ since) we went there last year.
8. I've written to Sally (last week/ recently).
9. I've been living here (since/ for/ in) the end of last year.
10. Have you eaten Chinese food (before/ already)?

Bài 4: Fill in the blank using the following adverbs.

already never always yet ever for since

1. She is a cold, unfeeling woman, she has__________showed any affection.

2. __________her husband's death, Alex has become a cold-blooded woman.
3. Tim doesn't want to go to Paris as he has__________been there.
4. They have been engaged__________two months.
5. The young boy hasn't eaten his dinner__________.
6. I've__________been a warm-hearted person. And you?
7. She has been laughing__________she saw that woman.

Bài 5: Put the verbs into the simple tense.

On Thursday, the children __________ (1. talk) about a day out together in the country. The next
morning, they__________ (2. go) to the country with their two dogs and__________ (3. play) together.
Tim and David__________ (4. have) some kites. Some time later the dogs _ (5. be) not there, so
they__________ (6. call) them and__________ (7. look) for them in the forest. After half an hour the
children__________ (8. find) them and(9. take) them back. Charlie__________ (10. be) very happy to
see them again. At lunch time Mike__________ (11. go) to the bikes and__________ (12. fetch) the
basket with some meat sandwiches. Then they __________ (13. play) football. Mike and
David__________ (14. win). In the evening they__________ (15. ride) home.

Bài 6: Choose the best answer in brackets (either the past simple or present perfect tense).
1. Did you like the cartoon "Tom and Jerry"? I (did not see/ haven't seen) it yet.
2. Tom is a very close friend of mine. We (know/ have known) each other for years.
3. Do you know what time Lisa (left/ has left) the office?
4. You (were/have been) lateforworktoomanytimesthisyear. If you're not careful, you will be sacked.
5. I (had/ have had) a few financial problems last year but this year things are getting better.
6. We had a foreign friend from Thailand who (never saw/ has never seen) the sea so we're taking him to
a beach this weekend.
7. Since I started working here I (became/ have become) more experienced at dealing with problems.
8. I can't remember the last time I (went/ have been) to the cinema.

Bài 7: Put the verbs in the brackets into either the past simple or present perfect tense.
1. "How long have you lived here?" "I__________ (live) here since 2000."
2. He lived in London for two years and then he__________ (go) to Edinburgh.
3. __________ (you/see) the moon last night?
4. Shakespeare__________ (write) a lot of plays.
5. My brother__________ (write) several books. He has just finished his latest.
6. I__________ (not see) him for five years. I wonder where he is.
7. He__________ (not smoke) for one month. He is trying to give it up.
8. He__________ (compose) some pieces of music when he worked in New York.
9. "When__________ (he/arrive)?""He arrived at 3 o'clock."
10. I read his books when I was at school. I__________ (enjoy) them very much.
11. I can't go out because I__________ (not finish) my work yet.
12. "I__________ (never/drink) wine". "Well, have some now!"
13. Here are your shoes. I__________ (just/clean) them.
14. I left home at 9.00 a.m and I__________ (get) here at 8.00p.m.
15. I__________ (meet) him last May.

Bài 8: Rewrite the following sentences.

1. This is the first time he visited Ha Long Bay.
 He has _________________________________.
2. She started working here last year.
 She has _________________________________.
3. We began eating lunch when it started to rain.
 We have _________________________________.
4. I last had my hair cut when she left me.
 I haven't _________________________________.
5. The last time he met me was 5 months ago.
 He hasn't _________________________________.
6. It is a long time since we last met.
 We haven't _________________________________.
7. When did you have this computer?
 How long _________________________________?
8. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.
 I haven't _________________________________.
9. I haven't gone to work for a month.
 The last _________________________________.
10. I haven't talked to him for 5 days.
=> It is _________________________________.

■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO

Bài 9: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. Last month, the Youth Union__________a campaign to help students with disabilities.
A. has launched B. launched C. was launched D. was launching
2. Lately, a gang of enterprising New Zealanders__________an incredible scheme to raise awareness of
depression and mental health issues.
A. has introduced B. had introduced C. introduced D. was introduced
3. The boy__________across the narrow canal in ten minutes to find himself out of danger several years
ago.
A. swum B. was swum C. swam D. had swam
4. I __________to help students at a special school twice since I finished grade 11.
A. have volunteered B. had volunteered
C. was volunteering D. volunteered
5. It is now over seventy years since Lindbergh__________across the Atlantic.
A. has been flying B. flew C. had flown D. has flown
6. We won't go out before we__________the homework.
A. finish B. will have finished C. will finish D. finished
7. Although he was on the whole very suspicious of the project, Mr Hung__________to cooperate.
A. didn't promise B. promised C. has promised D. hasn't promised
8. Even though Susan was totally opposed to the project, she__________that it would increase job
opportunities for the local people.
A. had agreed B. agreed C. was agreed D. would agree.
9. When he__________ten years old, he__________the National Institute for the Blind in Paris.
A. was/entered B. was/was entering
C. was/was entered D. was/would enter
10. In the past ten years, he__________more than 100 bicycles to needy students in Central Vietnam.
A. gave B. has given C. has been given D. has been giving
11. Nam__________the idea of giving sweaters and warm clothes to the poor just a couple of weeks
ago, shortly after the beginning of the rainy season.
A. came up with B. comes up with
C. has come up with D. was coming up with
12. In the past, health care in some rural areas of this country__________by only a small number of
doctors and nurses.
A. is provided B. provided C. provides D. was provided
13. Neither Mike nor his brothers__________to school because their father teaches them at home.
A. have never been B. has ever been C. have ever been D. ever went
14. Not until we__________the school for children with disabilities__________how they overcome
difficulties.
A. had visited/have we known B. visited/had we known
C. visited/did we know D. have visited/did we know
15. Until now I__________more than 1000 stamps.
A. collected B. collect C. am collecting D. have collected
Bài 10: Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each
of the following questions.
1. (A) The annual increase in the (B) world's population (C) has peaked at (D) about 88 million in the late
1980s.
2. (A) Overpopulation is (B) one of the main factors that leads to (C) poor, (D) illiteracy, and social evils.
3. The teacher (A) said that (B) about 10 children (C) need special help (D) in reading skills.
4. Youth Newspaper (A) donated book collections (B) to two (C) mountainous schools in (D) northern
Vietnam lately.
5. Vina Capital Foundation's Heartbeat Vietnam (A) has performed 5,000 free heart (B) surgery for kids
(C) across the country (D) for the last ten years.
6. A Hoi An-based charity organisation (A) gave free milk to (B) poor, ailing, and (C) disabled children
in the central province of Quang Nam (D) on last Wednesday.
7. Although Marie Curie had (A) very little money (B) to live on, (C) but she went to Paris to realise her
dream of (D) a scientific career.
8. Albert Einstein, (A) the father of modern physics, could not read until he (B) was eight, but that (C)
hasn't stopped him (D) from becoming one of the greatest scientists of our time

Bài 11: Put the verbs in the brackets into either the past simple or present perfect tense.
1. Tim: How many times (you/try) __________to pass your driving test?
Mike: Three times so far.
2. When (you/go) __________to Ho Chi Minh City?
3. You look different, (you/have) __________a haircut?
4. I (not/see) __________David at all this week. I don't even know where he is.
5. Tim: (you/speak) __________to Peter yet?
Mike: Not yet.
6. When (you/start) __________your job?
7. I (move) __________house three times in the last five years.
8. My sister (be) __________to New York three times and she's going again next month.
9. The US President (be) __________in our country last year.
10. He (visit) __________this village three times in the last two years.

Bài 12: Put the verbs in the brackets into either the past simple or present perfect tense.
1. I__________ (have) a problem with my computer yesterday.
2. We__________ (already see) that movie, but I will go with you again if you want me to.
3. We__________ (be) in Tim's room when the storm__________ (begin).
4. I__________ (not begin) my homework yet.
5. He__________ (not sleep) for three nights, even though he__________ (go) to bed early yesterday
evening.
6. My father__________ (never forget) my birthday.
7. They__________ (travel) around the world last summer.
8. They__________ (decide) this at a meeting some days ago.
9. __________ (You ever be) to New York?
10. I know Hanoi City well. I__________ (live) there for three years when I was a student.
11. Michael does not have much money so he__________ (not buy) a car yet.
12. We__________ (have) a good time at the party last weekend.
13. Look at that. Someone__________ (break) my motorbike.
14. Emily__________ (just finish) packing her bags.
15. The plane__________ (land) ten minutes ago.
16. I__________ (do) all the housework. Everything is clean now.
17. When__________ (Columbus discover) the New World?
18. We__________ (not visit) him since last weekend.
19. She feels great. She__________ (lose) five pounds since Christmas.
20. The last time I__________ (play) tennis was four years ago.

Bài 13: Fill in the blank using either the Present Perfect or the Simple Past.
Last week I__________ (meet) an old lady called Brown. She__________ (be) eighty-two. She
________________(be) a beggar. She__________ (talk) to me and I__________ (hear) the story of her
entire life. I__________ (feel) so sad when she__________ (finish) it that I almost__________ (cry). As
I__________ (feel) sorry for her, I__________ (give) Brown some money.
This morning something wonderful and amazing__________ (happen) to me. I__________ (meet)
Brown again, but, my goodness, she__________ (be) different. She told me the following.
Since you__________ (give) me that money my life__________ (change) completely. With the money
you__________ (give) me I__________ (buy) a lottery ticket and I___________ (win). I (buy) myself a
house where I'm living now. I__________ (just buy) some new clothes, a TV set... you can't imagine how
happy I am!
I__________ (be) so astonished that I couldn't even say a word. I__________ (follow) her and ...
surprise! She had bought me a yellow Ferrari.

Bài 14: Put the verbs in the brackets into either the past simple or present perfect tense.
1. A: Did you like the movie "The Lord of the Rings?"
B: I don't know. I (see, never) __________that movie.
2. Nam (arrive) __________in New York a week ago.
3. My best friend and I (know) __________each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a
week.
4. He is a fantastic writer. He (write) __________ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day,
he'll be as famous as Hemingway.
5. I (have, not) __________this much fun since I (be) __________a kid.
6. Things (change) __________a great deal at this company. When we first _ (start) working here three
years ago, the company (have, only) __________ten employees. Since then, we (expand) __________ to
include more than 2000 full-time workers.
7. I (tell) __________ him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander) __________off into
the forest and (be) was bitten by a snake.
8. Listen Daniel, I don't care if you (miss) __________ the bus this morning. You (be) __________late
for work too many times. You are fired!
9. Mike is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) __________the
ocean. He should come with us to Miami.
10. How sad! Mr. David (dream) __________of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it.
He (see, never) __________the ocean.
11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) __________ much easier and very comfortable. In the
19th century, it (take) __________two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The
trip (be) __________ very rough and often dangerous. Things (change) __________a great deal in the last
hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
12. John, I can't believe how much you (change) __________ since the last time I (see) __________you.
You (grow) __________at least a foot!
13. This tree (be) __________planted by the settlers who (found) __________our city over four hundred
years ago.
14. This mountain (be, never) __________ climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers (try) _____to reach
the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) __________. The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die)
__________trying to reach the summit.
15. I (visit, never) __________Africa, but I (travel) __________to South America several times. The last
time I (go) __________to South America, I (visit) __________Brazil and Peru. I (spend) __________two
weeks in the Amazon, hiked for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) __________over the Nazca Lines.