Troop Leading Procedures
Alternate harbour position
Troop leading procedures
- It is the process a leader goes through to prepare his unit
to accomplish a tactical mission.
- It is a logical sequence of actions and processes which a
leader must follow in developing and executing a tactical
plan.
COMBAT ORDERS
- Announcement or a commander’s plan on how he intends
his unit to conduct a
particular operation. Combat orders may be issued in
verbally or in writing.
- It must be delivered in a manner that is clear, complete
and concise in order not
to leave chance for misinterpretation or duties.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMBAT ORDERS
Warning Order (WARNORD)
It is an order that gives an advance notice so that the
subordinate units can make use of time for planning and
preparations. This order is usually a brief message
containing essential information like:
- time the action will take place
- where it will occur
- time and place of the operation order will be issued.
Fragmentary Order (FRAGORD)
is a brief, concise and timely order for the conduct of
operation. It is normally used to supplement or modify a
current operation order while the operation is
in progress.
Fragmentary Order (FRAGORD)
It may include the following:
- current attachment/detachment
- situation
- mission
-combat support & coordination Instruction
Operation Order (OPORD)
contains all the information and guidance concerning the
coordinate action necessary to carry out the commander’s
plan on how to conduct the operation.
Harboring
HARBOURING – is an established defensive position of a
patrol for the purpose of patrol reorganization, mission
planning, and rest when patrol decides to move during
night time and hide a large patrol while making a final
recon on the objective.
Stages of Harbouring
1. Reconnaissance (it includes map recon and actual
recon)
2. Occupation – designation of areas of responsibilities
using the clock system.
3.Clearing patrol – patrol to collect the following info
around the proposed harbour position 200 to 300 yards in
front of the platoon/team area or responsibilities.
a. Water points
b. Area free from the enemy forces
c. Routes of withdrawal
d. Probable enemy approaches
e. Alternate defensive position
f.
4.Sentries Out – gun position established within the
sectors boundaries of plan/team manned by the sentries.
1. Worked period – following are the activities during the
period:
a. Digging of foxholes when necessary
b. Digging of platoon/team latrines & garbage pits
c. Laying of warning and communication lines
d. Individual requirements
e. Redistribution of ammo and equipment’s
f. Final Inspection
g. Rest
2. Stand to – one hour before dark and one hour before
break or from dark to day break, stand to is declared
depending on the enemy situation of activities at this stage.
The sentries are recalled and harbour position, complete
silence is maintained and no patrol member should loiter
inside and outside the position. Password is disseminated
to everybody before the declaration of this stage. Any
important necessary reservations will be relayed through
the utilization of messengers.
3. Stand down – this stage can only be declared when
activities are negative, sentries are double to many
positions allowing it a rest for other members.
*MAP READING Definition of Terms
Marginal Information Colors Direction
MAP - is a mathematically determined presentation of a
portion of the earth’s surface systematically plotted to scale
upon a plane surface.
MARGINAL INFORMATION- it is placed into operation, the
user must read the instruction. It is important that you as
future leader, know how to read these information and
symbol.
•Sheet Name- is founding two places: the center of the
upper margin and either the right or left margin.
• Sheet Number – is found in two places: the upper right
margin and the lower left margin: it is used as reference
number for that map sheet.
• Series Name- is found in the upper left margin.
• Bar Scale- Those are located in the center lower margin.
• Contour Interval Note- is found in the center lower
margin normal below the bar scale.
• Adjoining Sheet Diagram- contains a diagram that
illustrates the adjoining sheet. On map at 1: 1000,0000 and
larger scale at 1:100,000 scale, the diagram is called the
index to adjoining sheets.
• Elevation Guide – some Maps at scales of 1: 100,000
and larger a miniature characterization of the terrain is
show by a diagram in the lower right margin of the map.
• Declination Diagram- is located in the lower margin of
large scale maps indicates the angular relationship of the
true north and magnetic north.
• Grid Reference Box- the grid reference box contains
instruction for composing a grid references.
• Legend- located on the lower left margin it illustrates and
indentifies the topographic symbol used to depict some of
the more prominent features in map.
• The students will differentiate the colors used on a
military map.
• Black- indicates cultural ( Man-made) features such as
building and roads
• Reddish- Brown- the colors and red and brown are
combined to identify cultural features, all relief features.
And elevation.
• Blue-identifies hydrographic or water features such as
lake, swaps and river.
• Green- Identifies vegetation with military significance,
such as woods, orchards and vineyards.
• Brown- identifies all relief features and elevation, such as
contours on order edition maps.
• Red- classifies cultural features, such as populated
areas, main roads and boundaries on older map.
• Other- occasionally other colors may be used to show
special information.
Patrolling
PATROL – is a unit sent out from a large unit. It may be
acquired a mission of reconnaissance (x) link-up, re-supply
(y) or combat (z) or any combination xyz mission.
RECON PATROL – is a patrol sent out to gather
information.
COMBAT PATROL – is a patrol with a mission of
harassment, destruction, capture or provide security.
LINK-UP OPERATION – when two or more units are form
to meet in an area not protected by friendly forces.
PATROL BASE – is conducted when a patrol halts for
extended period of time in a place that is not protected by
friendly forces.
RAID – is a surprised and violent attack on enemy
positions, installation followed by swift and organized
withdrawal.
AMBUSH – is a surprised attack by a force lying in wait
upon moving temporarily halted enemy.
RALLYING POINT – a placed on the ground where a
patrol can assemble and re-organized.
OBSERVATION POST – is a fixed location which one must
observed what place on a particular place of terrain.
CHART OF AN OP (COCOA):
C – Cover and concealment
O - Observed & field of fire
C - Critical terrain feature
O - Obstacle
A – Avenue of approach
Composition of the Command Element in
Organization of team during patrol
ORGANIZATION OF TEAM:
1. Command: Team Leader Recorder; Radioman
2. Observer: Assistance Radio Man
3. Security Element: LS, G, CM, TS
*VISUAL TRACKING Definition of Terms
VISUAL TRACKING – is an art of being to follow a man or a
group of men using the sign they have left.
Signs – are marked on the ground and disturbance of
vegetation left by a man or men or an animal passing thru
the area.
Group Sign – a sign left by a man or animal on the ground.
Top Sign – signs above ankle level.
Jungle – is a feature of impenetrable growth of vegetation
forbidding in appearance and filled with wild life.
Rocky Country – the most difficult terrain to track.
THE METHOD OF DECEPTION
1. Walking in the stream.
2. Scattered
3. Fade out
4. Dead end or false trail
Ambush
I-AMBUSH
It is a surprise attack from concealed position on an
unsuspecting moving or temporarily halted enemy. A
concealed position is an absolute requirement of an
ambush for without concealment, there is no surprise and
without surprise a successful ambush is not possible. An
ambush is a specialized is not possible. An ambush is a
specialized from of combat in which the principle of
concealment, surprise and offensive action are used to
inflict maximum casualties, confusion, and destruction
upon any enemy on the move and it does not require the
seizures of the ground.
II-CLASSIFICATION OF AMBUSH
1. CLASSIFICATION AS TO ORGANIZATION:
A. POINT AMBUSH – The ambush is located on a single
route to attack a specific target or to cover the specific
route on which it is situated.
B. AREA AMBUSH – The area ambush employs on
element, covering the main
kill zone, while there are others deployed to cover related
point of ambushes. It has all
approaches covered and must be laid out in width or depth.
And ambush patrol may
consist of small patrols, each self-contained with a leader
and own security. Main
escaped routes are covered.
C. CLASSIFICATION AS TO MISSION:
A. DELIBERATED AMBUSH – This type of
ambush is conducted with prior,
against an expected target. You are usually armed with
precise information regarding an
enemy movement, which you then may lay.
B. HASTY AMBUSH – An ambush of this kind
goes for any target of opportunity
you accidentally meet in the course of your combat
operation.
IV-TYPES OF AMBUSH FORMATIONS
the
1. LINE – The simplest ambush formation, the attack force
is deployed generally parallel to the target route of
movement (road, trail, stream). In this position the
ambushes can parallel to the long axis of the kill zone (KZ)
area subjects the target to heavy flanking fire. The Frontal security is the main function and his trigger is
advantage of this type of formation is that it is easy to steady and sure.
control. Disadvantage lies in factor that the enemy may
escape from the ambushes and the lateral dispersion of a Weapon and Equipment:
large force maybe too great for effective coverage. M-16 rifle or 12 gauge assault shotgun, and two(2)
fragmentary grenades.
2. L – SHAPED FORMATION – This is the variation of the
Duties and Responsibilities:
line formation. The long side of the attack force is parallel
a. Very alert physically and mentally developed senses.
to the KZ and delivers flanking fires. The short b. Must have a very “keenly” developed senses.
side of the attack force is at the end of and at the right c. A good tracker and the buddy is the guide.
angles to the KZ and delivers enfilading and interlocking
fires. In this formation, the ambushes are split into two (2) 2. Guide - the pathfinder and the rappel master of the
groups – one group is placed along the side the trail, while team.
the other is perpendicular to the killing zone.
3. V – SHAPED FORMATION – The attack force is Weapons and Equipment:
deployed along both sides of the target’s route of M-16 rifle, map, compass, rappelling rope, utility
movement so that it forms the letter V. Care is taken to rope, snap link, gloves, and two(2) fragmentary grenades.
ensure that neither group fires into each other. This
formation subjects the target to both enfilading and Duties and Responsibilities:
a. Proficient in the use of map and compass.
interlocking fires. One variation of this is the triangle
b. Proficient in the terrain analysis.
formation, which can be used in special circumstances. c. Expert in the ground navigation and the buddy is the
lead scout.
4. BOX FORMATION – This formation is similar in purpose
to the open triangle ambush. The attack force is deployed 3. Team Leader - must be an officer or the
in four (4) groups positional, so that each group most ranking of the team.
becomes a corner of a square or rectangle containing the
KZ. Weapons and Equipment:
M-16 rifle with M-203 grenade launcher attached, map, and
*RAID Definition of Terms compass.
Raid – is a surprise and violent attack on enemy position or
Duties and Responsibilities:
installation followed by a swift and organized withdrawal.
a. Excel in all aspect of activities.
b. Employs and control his men.
Reconnaissance – it is conducted before the execution of a
raid. This guide the leader, the disposition of the raiding 4. Radioman - the radio operator of the team.
party, the route of withdrawal and rallying points. It
conducted with utmost secrecy to prevent the enemy from Weapon and Equipment:
being compromised. M-16 rifle, two(2) fragmentary grenades, URC 187 radio,
ground flare, and flashlight.
ORAGANIZATION OF RAID
1. Search Party – TL, CM & RM Duties and Responsibilities:
2. Security Element – LS, G, ARM & TS a. The link between the penetration and the base
3. If it is section one team act as security and one team acts control of the team.
b. Responsible for all radio communication requirements of
as searching party.
the team.
PLANNING AND REHEARSAL: 5. Assistant Radioman - the one who assist with
1. A detail but simple plan should be prepared. Alternate plan are provided for in the radioman at the same time.
case of changes in situation. The enemy may be given a false sense of security
by creating a temporary level in the area of operation.
Weapon and Equipment:
M-14 rifle and two(2) fragmentary grenades.
2. Time and space factors are carefully considered. The time for movement to and
attack of the objective is determined by current enemy situation and terrain.
Duties and Responsibilities:
Darkness favors surprise and is chosen when operation is simple and the layout
of the installation is well known.
a. The marshaler of the team during heli borne operation.
b. The sniper of the team and the buddy is the radioman.
4. Complete rehearsal from the movement to the objective up to the return to a
friendly area should be conducted, wherever possible in a similar terrain. 6. Contact Man - the intelligence agent of the team
and capable of getting information thru disguise.
5. Maximum secrecy must be maintained.
Weapon and equipment:
5. Intelligence – maximum available intelligence of the target enemy forces able M-16 rifle with M-203 grenade launcher, two(2)
to intervene the civilian population of the vicinity of the target and the terrain to be fragmentary grenades, civilian clothes, and demolition
traversed enroute to and returning from the objective area. requirements.

6. Final inspection – the raid force commander concludes the final inspection of Duties and Responsibilities:
personal and equipment is replaced and the condition of the men is check. a. Responsible for all demolition requirement of the team.
b. Master of all dialect in anywhere the team operates.
*SR ORGANIZATION c. The silent killer of the team / Master in Hand to hand
DEFINITION OF TERMS Combat.
SCOUT - a person sent out to combat to
gather information or for intelligence 7. Tail Scout - The medical aid man and the track
purposes. eraser of the team. His buddy is the contact man. He
RANGER - with a mission of harassment, is the last to advance and the last to withdraw.
destruction, capture or provide security.
Weapon and Equipment:
ORGANIZATION M-16, fragmentary grenades and smoke grenades.
1. Lead Scout - the eyes and ears of the team.
Duties and Responsibilities: 3. To Engage – the team executed the fire and maneuver
a. Responsible for the track and traces left by the team. to out position the enemy utilizing speed and violence of
b. Act as a Cox swain during water operation. action. The TL initially commands skirmisher left or right.

4. To withdraw – the team disengages by bounce but first

CAPABILITIES OF THE TEAM
1. Ambuscades and sneak Hit and Run.
2. Quick raid on small enemy concentration.
3. Infiltration thru normal enemy defensive position.
4. More effective on “Free Zone”.
execute skirmisher upon the TL commands to ensure and
orderly withdrawal, continued with supporting fires. This is
done repeatedly until the team disengages.
10. Vehicular counter ambushed – is to return fire

*SR TEAM SOP Definition of Terms

I. Purpose of Team SOP
4. Efficiency - waste of time and effort is avoided and
consequently the higher efficiency team is obtained with the
presence of team SOP.

5. Uniformity - uniform instruction on the procedures to

follow under all situations enhances teamwork and
precludes confusion when the team is actually engaged with
the enemy.

6. Minimum Verbal instructions - When each member of the

team knows what to do under all situations

7. Better Understanding - when a soldier knows that

his companions in the team know their particular duties
under all situations.

I. Buddy System
Buddy System - very foundation upon which SR achieves
teamwork. It is important that respect, trust and confidence
exist in the team if the team should be expected to
accomplish the most hazardous mission.

Buddy within the Team - buddy system works in group of

two (2) individuals, each is the buddy of the other, with this
system security is always achieved.

Buddy within the Section - when two(2) teams are

employed for mission, one(1) team is the buddy of the other.
The procedure is the same as the individual buddy system.

*FIRE FIGHT SOP Definition of Terms

I. SITUATIONS THAT NEEDS IMMEDIATE ACTIONS
1. Meeting Engagement - a situation wherein your chance
upon the enemy and you see each other at the same time.
The first one to see the enemy immediately open fire and
the patrol leader decides if they engage the enemy or
withdraw.

2. Hasty Ambush – a situation wherein your chance upon

a moving enemy and you see him before he see’s you. The
team leader quickly decides if they will engage or not.
3. Hasty Raid – a situation wherein the patrol chances
upon the enemy position. The target of opportunity. The
team leader immediately decides if they will engage or not.

4. Compromise – the situation wherein the patrol had

been burned out. Hold the person and conduct
interrogation until the mission is accomplished.
5. Far Ambush – situation wherein your patrol is
ambushed and maneuvers is possible.

1. Near Ambush – survivors initial burst of enemy fire drop

and return fire and maneuver to extricate those caught in
the near zone.

2. Near Ambush – (At close range) your patrol engaged

closely that maneuver or withdrawal will result to your
complete destruction. Stand post and engage the enemy if
terrain permits.