ACTIVITY NO.

NO.1
A - Overarm: A horizontal beam that supports the spindle of a milling machine.
B - Spindle: The rotating shaft that holds the cutting tool in a milling machine and provides the
power to rotate it.
C - Arbor Support: A device that holds the milling machine arbor in place and provides support
to the arbor during cutting operations.
D - Table: A flat surface on which the workpiece is mounted and moved in a milling machine.
E - Saddle: The part of a milling machine that moves the table along the X-axis.
F - Crossfeed Handwheel: A hand-operated wheel that moves the table along the Y-axis.
G - Vertical Feed Crank: A hand-operated wheel that moves the spindle up and down along the
Z-axis.
H - Knee: The vertical part of the milling machine that supports the saddle and table and can be
adjusted up or down.

I - Vertical Traverse Screw: A threaded rod that moves the milling machine head up and down.
J - Base: The heavy foundation of a vertical milling machine that supports all the other machine
components.
K - Table Power Feed: A mechanism that automatically moves the table in a vertical milling
machine.
L - Column: A vertical support structure in a milling machine that connects the base and the
head.
M - Table Traverse Handwheel: A hand-operated wheel that moves the table horizontally in a
vertical milling machine.
N - Ram: The part of a vertical milling machine that supports the spindle and can move back and
forth along the column.
O - Vertical Head: The milling machine head that contains the spindle and other machine
components.
P - Quill: The part of a milling machine spindle that moves up and down and can hold cutting
tools.
NO.2
The basic steps for milling machine operation are as follows:

 Set up the workpiece: Securely clamp the workpiece to the milling machine table and
make sure it is properly aligned and leveled.

 Select the cutting tool: Choose the appropriate milling cutter for the desired machining
operation and install it in the spindle.

 Adjust the milling machine: Set the spindle speed and adjust the milling machine
controls for proper cutting speed and feed rate.

 Perform the milling operation: Move the milling machine controls to make the required
cuts, moving the workpiece and cutter as needed to achieve the desired shape and
finish.

 Inspect the finished workpiece: After completing the milling operation, inspect the
workpiece to ensure that it meets the required dimensions and finish.

ACTIVITY 9
NO.1

Power On/Off: A switch that controls the flow of electrical power to the lathe machine.

Spindle Forward/Reverse (flip handle up or down): A lever or switch that controls the direction of
spindle rotation in a lathe machine.

Carriage Handwheel: A hand-operated wheel that moves the lathe carriage along the bed.

Cross Feed Handwheel: A hand-operated wheel that moves the lathe cutting tool across the workpiece.

Compound Feed Handwheel: A hand-operated wheel that moves the lathe cutting tool at an angle
relative to the workpiece.

Carriage/Cross Feed Engage: A mechanism that connects the carriage and cross feed handwheels to the
lathe lead screw, allowing the operator to move the carriage and cutting tool simultaneously.

Threading Half Nut: A component that engages the lathe lead screw for threading operations.

Threading Dial: A visual aid that helps the operator determine the correct position of the threading half
nut for accurate thread cutting.

Spindle Speed: The rotational speed of the lathe spindle, typically measured in revolutions per minute
(RPM).

Brake: A mechanism that stops the rotation of the lathe spindle quickly and safely.

Spindle High/Low Range: A feature that allows the operator to adjust the speed range of the lathe
spindle.

Thread/Feed Reverse (push in/pull out): A switch that controls the direction of thread cutting or feeding.

Feed Ranges (A, B, C): Different ranges of feed rate that can be selected in a lathe machine.

Feed Ranges (R, S, T): Additional feed rate ranges that can be selected in a lathe machine.

Feed Ranges (V, W, X, Y, Z) – V and Z are settings for threading: More feed rate ranges that can be
selected, with V and Z used specifically for threading operations.

Gear Box: A device that allows the operator to select different gear ratios for the lathe spindle.

Gear Box Low/High: A feature that allows the operator to select between high and low gear ratios in the
lathe gear box.

Tailstock: The part of a lathe machine that supports the workpiece on the opposite end from the
headstock and can be moved along the bed.

Tool Post: The part of a lathe machine that holds the cutting tool and can be adjusted to change the tool
position.

Toolholder: A component that secures the cutting tool to the tool post.

Three – Jaw Chuck: A device that holds the workpiece securely in place and can be adjusted to
accommodate different sizes of workpieces.
DRO (Digital Read Out) Threading/Feed Selector (see item15): A feature that displays the feed rate or
thread pitch on a digital readout, with a selector switch to choose the appropriate feed rate range.

NO.2

 Safety First: Before starting the lathe machine, make sure that all safety measures are in place
and that you have the proper personal protective equipment.
 Select and Mount the Workpiece: Choose the workpiece you want to machine and mount it
securely in the lathe's chuck or between centers, making sure that it is properly aligned.
 Set the Cutting Tool: Choose the correct cutting tool for the job and set it securely in the tool
post. Adjust the tool height and angle to ensure proper cutting performance.
 Set the Speed and Feed: Determine the appropriate spindle speed and feed rate for the material
and operation you are performing. Adjust the lathe's settings accordingly.
 Take Light Cuts: Start by taking light cuts to remove the excess material slowly and safely.
Gradually increase the depth of the cut to achieve the desired result.
 Check the Workpiece Frequently: Stop the lathe frequently and check the workpiece's
dimensions and surface finish. Adjust the cutting tool, speed, and feed rate as needed.
 Stop the Lathe: After you have completed the machining operation, stop the lathe machine and
remove the workpiece.
 Clean the Lathe: Remove any debris, chips, or coolant from the machine's working area, cutting
tool, and workpiece. This ensures that the lathe machine stays in good working condition and
helps prevent accidents.
 Shut Off the Power: Once the machine and work area is clean, turn off the power to the machine
and ensure that it is properly stored.

NO.3

Cutting speed is a critical factor in lathe machine operation that directly affects the quality and
efficiency of the machining process. The cutting speed determines how fast the material is removed
from the workpiece and how much heat is generated at the cutting edge of the tool. If the cutting speed
is too low, the machining process will be slow and inefficient, while if it is too high, the material may
overheat, causing damage to the workpiece or the cutting tool. Choosing the appropriate cutting speed
based on the material being machined, the type of cutting tool being used, and the machining operation
being performed is crucial to achieving the desired results. Therefore, proper calculation and adjustment
of the cutting speed are necessary to ensure efficient, safe, and high-quality lathe machine operation.