FIXED OILS

2022
PHARMACOGNOSY

FIXED OILS ASSIGNMENT:

TOPIC: OLIVE OIL

GROUP MEMBERS:

 DUAA AFFTAB – 003

 MAHNOOR HANIF – 004
 HAFIZA ZUNAIRA AKRAM – 005
 HIBA MUNIR – 029
 HAMNA SAMIR – 034
 AREEJ SHAHID – 048

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. SADIA CHAMAN
 Olive oil

Botanical origin: Olea europaea

Family: Oleaceae
Part used: Fruits called drupes are used which are usually purple
in color when ripped

Physical properties:
Odor: Its odor is slight but characteristic.
Color: Olive oil is pale yellow or light greenish yellow in
color.
Taste: Its taste is bland to faintly acrid.
Solubility: It is miscible with ether, carbon disulfide and
chloroform.
Specific gravity; 0.910 to 0.915 at 25c.
Iodine value: 79 to 90
Acid value: 6.6
Saponification value: 187 to 196
Refractive index: 1.46
Reichert meissel number: 0.6 to 1.5

Constituents:
Italian variety constituents:
 65% of oleic acid
 15% of palmitic acid
 15% of linoleic acid
 Other minor component acids
Turkish variety constituents:
 75% of oleic acid
 10% of palmitic acid
 9% of linoleic acid
 Lesser amount of stearic acid, myrestic acid, hexadecenoic acid and arachdonic acid
Uses:
Olive oil has following uses:
 Pharmaceutic aid
 Setting retardant
 For dental cements
 Preparation of soaps, plasters and liniments
 Demulcent
 Emollient
 Laxative
 Nutrients
 Salad oil
 PHARMACOGNOSY ASSIGNMENT
Submitted to : Mam Sadia Chaman
Submitted by : Hifza Asghar 47-E
Syeda Tabeer Nadeem 51-E
Nimra Kalsoom 35-E

LINSEED OIL

1) Synonyms:
Flax seed, alsi
2) Biological origin:
Scientific name: Linum usitatissimum
Family: Linaceae
Part used: dried, ripe seed
3) Physical and chemical characteristics:
Colour: Linseed oil is a yellowish liquid
Odour: peculiar odour
Taste: bland taste

Solubility: The oil is slightly soluble in alcohol, miscible with chloroform, ether, petroleum
ether, carbon disulphide, and terpentine oil
Specific gravity: 0.927-0.931
Iodine value: 160-200

Saponification number: 187–195

Acid value: not more than 4
Reichert–Meissl number : 1
Density: 0.925–0.935

Viscosity: 1.47
Congealing point: 20°C
Refractive index: 1.47–1.48
Unsaponifiable matters: not over 1.5%
4) Chemical Constituents:

Linseed contains ;
⚫ protein (25%) (linin and colinin)
⚫ Fixed oil (30-40%)
⚫ Mucilage (6-10%)
⚫ 3-omega fatty acids
⚫ small amount of enzyme lipase
⚫ linamarin which is a cyanogenetic glycoside
⚫ The carbohydrates present are sucrose, raffinose, cellulose, and mucilage.

⚫ The other constituents are phytin, lecithin, wax, resin, pigments, malic acid, cyanogenic
glycosides linustatin neolinustatin, and secoisolariciresinol and phenylpropanoid glucoside
linusitamarin.
 ⚫ On hydrolysis Linseed oil produces unsaturated acids like linolenic acid (30–50%),
linoleic acid (23–24%), oleic acid (10–18%) together with saturated acids-myristic, stearic,
and palmitic (5–11%).

5) Uses:
Following are the uses of linseed oil:
⚫ in form of poultices for gouty and rheumatic swellings.
⚫ Internally it is used for gonorrhoea and irritation of the genito-urinary system.

⚫ Linseed oil has emollient, expectorant, diuretic, demulcent, and laxative properties and
is utilized externally in lotions and liniments.
⚫ Nonstaining iodine ointment soap, linoleum, greases, polishes, polymers, varnishes,
paints, putty, oil cloths, printing inks, artificial rubber, tracing cloth, tanning and enamelling
leather, etc. are also prepared from Linseed oil.
⚫ The mucilaginous infusion is used internally as a demulcent in colds, coughs, bronchial
affections, inflammation of the urinary tract, gonorrhoea, and diarrhoea.
 SUBMITTED BY:
HAMZA IMAM-06
AHMAD ASGHAR-08
COTTON SEED MUHAMMAD FAHAD-09
AHMED MUZAMMIL-10
OIL HAMZA RIAZ-11

SUBMITTED TO:
DR SADIA CHAMAN
 Scientific name: Gossypium herbaceum Linn

Family: Malvaceae

Part used: Dried ripe seeds

Odor: Mild odor

Color: Yellow color

Taste: Mild, nut like taste

Solubility: • Slightly soluble in ethanol (95%)
• Miscible with carbon disulfide, chloroform, ether, hexane and
petroleum ether

Specific gravity; 0.91 to 0.93

Iodine value: 100-115
Acid value: Not found
Saponification
value: 192
Refractive index: 1.45–1.46
Reichert meissel Less than 1
number:

CONSTITUENTS:
Fatty acid profile that composed of:
• 52.89% linoleic acid
• 25.39% palmitic acid
• 16.35% oleic acids
• 2.33% stearic acid
• 1% myristic acid
• 0.6% palmitoleic acid
• 0.17% linolenic acid
 Uses:
• Anticancer effects
• Lowers inflammation
• Reduces risk of cardiovascular diseases
• Wound healing
• Hair growth
• Salad oil (mayonnaise, salad dressings, sauces and marinades)
• Cooking oil for frying
• Margarine
• Cake icing
ASSIGNMENT
CASTOR OIL

GROUP MEMBERS
Nimra Ahmed 23-E
Arfa Rizwan 16-E
Amna Khalid 20-E
Emaan Zia 27-E
Alina Tariq 01-E
 Castor Oil
BOTANICAL ORIGIN:

Scientific Name: Ricinus communis

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Part used: Seeds

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

Color: Pale, Yellowish or almost colorless, transparent, viscid liquid

Odor: Faint, mild odor

Taste: Bland, characteristic taste

Solubility: It is soluble in alcohol, but it is not soluble in most hydrocarbon solvents,

including petroleum oils. It is also insoluble in water.

Specific Gravity: 0.96

Iodine Value: 82 to 90

Saponification value: 177 to 185

Acid Value: 2.0

Refractive index: 1.47 to 1.474

Reichert Meissl value: less than 0.5

CONSTITUENTS:
Arachis oil contains mixture of triglycerides, about 75% of which is triricinolein.

The remainder consists of diricinoleoglycerides with the 3rd acyl group, representing
either oleic, linoleic, dihydroxystearic, or a saturated (palmitic or stearic) acid.

Triricinolein is hydrolyzed by lipases in the duodenum to release ricinoleic acid which

exerts a cathartic effect.

USES:
• Castor oil is a stimulant cathartic; the usual dose is 15 to 60 ml
• It is also used as a plasticizer in flexible collodion.
• Ricinoleic acid is an ingredient (0.7%) in a vaginal jelly for restoration and
maintenance of vaginal acidity.
• It is used as a lubricant for internal combustion engines.
• It is also employed commercially in the manufacture of soaps.
• Hydrogenated castor oil is used as a stiffening agent in some pharmaceutical
formulations.
 ASSIGHMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY
Submitted to:

Miss Sadia Chaman

Submitted by:

Sadaf Sajjad (2019-pharmde-002)

Taqaddus Ramzan (2019-pharmde-024)

Amina Rauf (2019-pharmde-030)

Laiba Akram (2019-pharmde-033)

Maheen Asim (2019-pharmde-054)

Department:

IPS

Session:

2019-2024
 Sunflower Oil

Botanical origin Helianthus annus

Family Asteraceae
Part used Seeds
Physical Properties:
Odor Slightly fatty odour
Color Clear,Pale yellow colored liquid
Taste very slight nutty flavor
Solubility Soluble in ether,choloroform,carbon
disulphide
Specific gravity 0.924-0.9258
Iodine value 81-91
Acid value 0.9-1.1%
Saponification Value 186-194
Refractive Index 1.46-1.47
Density 0.918-0.923
Reichert meissel number 0.7 to 1.5
Constituents

• Vitamin E
• Mixture of glycerides that are rich in unsaturated acids
• Linolenic acid 44% to 75%
• Oleic acid 14-40%
• Palmitic acid 4-9%
• Stearic acid 1-7%
• High monounsaturated fat and low polyunsaturated fat
Uses
• Sunflower oil is used as medicine
• It is broadly used for retailing and as frying oil
• It is used for constipation and lowering ‘bad’ LDL cholesterol
• It is apply directly to the skin for poorly healing wounds,skin injuries,psoriasis,and arthritis.
• It is also use as massage oil.
• Refined sunflower oil can be used in place of any neutral vegetable oil, for searing,
sautéeing, frying.
CORN OIL
 Pharmacognosy-IIA (Advanced)

Submitted By:
Muhammad Inam Butt (2019-Pharmde-041)
Muhammad Awais (2019-Pharmde-043)
Fareed Akram (2019-Pharmde-046)
Muhammad Afzal Hussain Khan (2019-Pharmde-052)
Hamza Elahi (2019-Pharmde-056)

Submitted To:
Ma’am Sadia Chaman

Due Date: February 26,2022

Academic Year: 2019-2024

Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,

University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
 CORN OIL
Botanical Origin
Zea mays

Family
Gramineae

Part Used
Embryo of Zea mays

Constituents
• Glycerides
• Linoleic Acid (50%)
• Oleic Acid (37%)
• Palmitic Acid (10%)
• Stearic Acid (3%)

Physical Properties
1. Odor:
A faint characteristic Odor of Corn

2. Color:
Clear Light-Yellow Oil

3. Taste:
Mild, almost Buttery Flavor
 4. Solubility:
Miscible with Benzene, Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ether, Hexane and
Petroleum Ether; practically insoluble in Ethanol 95% and Water

5. Specific Gravity:
0.924 at 60°F

6. Iodine Value:
107-128 gl/100g

7. Acid Value:
0.223

8. Saponification number:
187-195 mg KOH/g

9. Refractive Index:
1.47-1.48

10. Richert-Meissl Number (Not Found)

Uses
• Used as a solvent for injections.
• A solvent for irradiated ergosterol.
• An edible oil and, as such, is used in salads and in the preparation of food.
• An emulsion containing 67% of corn oil is used as high calorie diet
supplement (Lipomul Oral® )
• An ingredient in number of combination products for oral administration for
example: Ensure liquid® , Meritene liquid® .They are prescribed as balanced
dietary supplements.
• When hydrogenated can be used as a shortening for baking.
 GROUP
MEMBERS:
MARYAM
MURTAZA-
(07)
MAHNOOR
FATIMA-
(15)
MISBAH
SHAHADAT-
(18)
LAIBA
KHALID-
(25)
UROOJ

SESAMEOI
L
AKRAM-
(31)
SUBMITTED
TO:
MAM SADIA
CHAMAN
Bot
ani
cal
ori
gin

Name: Sesamum i
ndi
cum
Fami
l
y: Pedal
i
aceae
Par
tused: Dr
iedr
ipenedseeds

Const
it
uent
s  Gl
ycer
ides
 43%ol
eicaci
dand43%l
i
nol
eicaci
d
 9%pal
mit
icaci
d
 4%st
ear
icaci
d

 Sesamol
i
n

Phy
sical
&chemi
cal
proper
ti
es:

Appear
ance: Oi
l
yli
qui
d

Odor
: Al
mostodor
less

Col
or: Pal
eyel
l
ow

Sol
ubi
l
ity
: Sol
ubl
eini
sopr
opy
lest
ers&mi
ner
aloi
l
s

Sl
i
ght
lysol
ubl
einal
cohol

I
nsol
ubl
einwat
er

Tast
e: Bl
andt
ast
e

I
odi
nev
alue: 100-
115

Aci
dval
ue: 4.
00

St
abi
l
ity
: Hi
ghl
ySt
abl
e(duet
oSesamol
)

Saponi
fi
cat
ion: 186-
189

Ref
ract
ivei
ndex(
at 1.
472-
1.476

20degr
ee)
:

Speci
fi
cgr
avi
ty: 0.
916-
0.921
Uses:
 Asaphar
maceut
ical
aid

 Asasol
ventf
orI
Minj
ect
ion

 Asl
axat
ive

 Demul
cent

 Emol
l
ient

 Ef
fect
ivesy
ner
gistf
orpy
ret
hrum i
nsect
ici
des
Assignment about:

PEANUT/ARACHIS OIL

❖ Group members:
Mohsin Waqar 028E
Muhammad Wazhi 055E
Muhammad Fraz Wasfi 036E
Awais Shahid 037E
Muhammad Javed 040E

Submitted to: Dr.Sadia Chaman

 ❖ PEANUT/ARACHIS OIL

❑ Botanical origin: Arachis hypogaea

❑ Family : Leguminosae
❑ Part used: Seed kernels

❑ Physical properties:

❑ Odor: faint and characteristic

❑ Color: pale yellow color liquid
❑ Taste: bland and nut like
❑ Solubility: ( slightly soluble in alcohol and soluble in solvent
ether, chloroform, and light petroleum.)
❑ Specific gravity: 0.911 to 0.920
❑ Iodine value: 85 to 105
❑ Acid value: not more than 0.5
❑ Saponification value: 185 to 195
❑ Refractive index: 1.467 to 1.470

❑ Constituents :
Arachis oil consists of:
o Glycerides of fatty acids
o Oleic acid
o Palmitic acid
o Arachidic acid
o Linoleic acid
 ❑ Uses :

o peanut oil is a solvent for intramuscular injections.

o Since it resembles to olive oil, it is used in the preparation of liniments, plasters and soap.
o Being a non-drying oil, it is valuable as lubricant.
o It produces firm and excellent white soap.
o It is used as an edible oil.
2/26/2022 COCCONUT OIL

GROUP MEMBERS(EVENING)
Zain Ali (12)
Umar Shafique (13)
M.Usman Riaz (14)
M.Huzaifa (17)
Azhar AD (32)

SUBMITTED TO;
MAM SADIA CHAMAN

UVIVERSITY OF VERTINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES

 COCCONUT OIL

BOTANICAL ORIGIN: Cocos Nucifera

FAMILY: Palmae
PART USED: Dried solid parts of endosperm

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS:

o Pale yellow or white color oil
o Scent odor
o Insoluble in water
o Soluble at 60C in 2 parts of alcohol and less soluble at lower
temperature.
o Soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride and ether.
o High saponification number i.e 242-263
o Low iodine number ranges from 7.5-10.5
o Acid value is 0.37 and Refractive index is 1.43-1.46

CONSTITUENTS:
o 50% lauric fatty acid
o 20% myristic fatty acid
o Glyceride of caprylic and capric acid
USES:
o Reduce cholesterol and triglycerides level.
o Prevent from Heart Disease and High Blood Pressure.
o Anticancer.
o Immune system boast.
o Antibacterial, Antiviral and Antifungal.
o Prevent from Diarrhea and abdominal pain.
o As dietary product.
Almond oil
Submitted by:
Umer Hayyar-19
Wahaj Saleem-22
Haseeb Shafqat-26
Osama Ashraf-38
Bilal Shafiq-49
Seed Almond Oil:
Botanical origin: Prunus amygdalus and Prunus dulcis
Family: Rosaceae
Part used: Seed
Physical Properties:
• Odour : None
• Color : Pale, straw-colored
• Taste : Pleasant
• Solubility: slightly soluble in alcohol, miscible with
benzene, chloroform, and ether, and insoluble in water
• Specific gravity : 0.910-0.915
• Refractive index : 1.486±0.003
Consituents:
• Oleic acid
• Linoleic acid
• Palmitic acid
• Stearic acid
• Vitamin E
• Anti-oxidants
Uses:
• Treat dry skin conditions
• Treat esczema
• Treat psoriasis
• Reduce appearance of acne
• Improve cell turnover