Web Development and Database Administration

Level-II
Based on March 2022, Curriculum Version 1

MODULE TITLE: Maintaining IT equipment and consumables

MODULE CODE: EIS WDDBA2 M04 0322

September, 2022

Prepared by: Amare L. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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 Introduction
This module covers the units:

Replacing and
Maintaining IT system Applying maintaining
maintenance Cleaning
Components Equipment consumables and
procedures supplies

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 Unit One:
Identify And Analyze IT System Components To Be Maintained

❖Inventory of IT Components:
➢Identification: Create a comprehensive inventory of all hardware and software
components within the IT system. This includes servers, workstations, network
devices, software applications, databases, and other relevant components.
➢Documentation: Maintain accurate documentation detailing the specifications,
configurations, and interdependencies of each component. This information
serves as a reference for troubleshooting and planning maintenance activities.
➢Reviewing system architecture and configuration documentation for currency status.
➢Identifying critical hardware components and/or software and documenting
recommendation in service arrangements.

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❖ Determine and document warranty status of components

✓It represents the assurance that the product or service will meet certain
specified standards and will perform as expected within a specified period.

✓ Warranties are typically included with the purchase of goods or services

to provide consumers with protection against defects, malfunctions, or
other issues.

✓A warranty is not a guarantee. It is a mere promise. It may be enforced if it

is breached by an award for the legal remedy of damages.

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 COND

Warranty:
A warranty is a promise or guarantee provided by a
manufacturer or seller regarding the quality,
performance, or condition of a product or service.
It is a commitment to repair, replace, or refund
the product if it fails to meet specified standards or
if certain conditions are not met within a specified
period.
Warranties can be written or implied, and they are
generally associated with products and services.

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 A hardware warranty is a type of warranty that
specifically covers the hardware components of a product,
such as electronic devices, applications, machinery, or
Hardware
equipment.
Warranty
It is a guarantee provided by the manufacturer or seller
that the hardware will be free from defects in materials or
workmanship for a specified period.

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 Key features of a hardware warranty include:

Coverage: Hardware warranties typically cover defects or

failures in the physical components of a product.

Duration: The warranty period varies and can range from a

few months to several years, depending on the product and
manufacturer.

Repair or Replacement: In the event of a covered defect or

malfunction, the hardware warranty often provides options for
repair, replacement, or refund.
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 COND

Conditions and Limitations: Hardware warranties may have certain conditions or

limitations, such as excluding damage caused by misuse, accidents, or unauthorized
modifications.

Extended Warranties: Some manufacturers or retailers may offer extended hardware

warranties, allowing consumers to extend the coverage beyond the standard warranty
period for an additional cost.

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 Software warranties focus on the functionality and
performance of software applications.
Software
Warranty Software warranties are agreements provided by the
software developer or vendor to ensure that the software will
perform as intended and meet certain standards.

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 software warranties key points :

Functionality Assurance: A software warranty guarantees that the

software will perform its intended functions and features as described in the
documentation.

Duration: The duration of software warranties varies and can range from a
limited period to a more extended period.

update and Support: Software warranties often include provisions for

updates and support during the warranty period.

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 COND

Conditions and Limitations: Similar to hardware warranties, software

warranties may have conditions or limitations.
User Responsibilities: Software warranties may outline certain
responsibilities for the user, such as proper installation, adherence to
system requirements, and agreement with licensing terms.

No Guarantee Against All Errors: It's essential to note that software

warranties typically do not provide an absolute guarantee against all errors
or 2/28/2024
issues.
11
 Manufacturer and vendor

A manufacturer is a person or company that produces

finished goods from raw materials by using various tools,
equipment, and processes, and then sells the goods to
consumers, wholesalers, distributors, retailers, or to other
manufacturers for the production of more complex goods.

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 Types of Manufacturers

It produce substantial
quantities of goods and store The success of made to
the manufactured goods before stock manufacturers mostly
1. Made to their final sale. depends on their ability to
Stock (MTS) forecast the market demand
MTS businesses aim to correctly.
forecast the demand for their
products in the market and then If the forecast significantly
produce the quantity of goods differs from the actual
corresponding with the demand, they will face the
predicted demand. under- or over-production.

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 COND

made to order manufacturers

produce goods only if they However, MTO manufacturers
2. Made to generally face a higher lead
Order receive orders from
customers. time between the initiation and
(MTO) completion of an order.
The nature of MTO In addition, a sudden increase
production eliminates the in the current demand for the
necessity to forecast future products tends to put additional
demand for the products. pressure on the operations,
which, in turn, will lead to even
Thus, MTO businesses will higher lead times.
not face overproduction.

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 COND

Instead of immediately producing a final good, made to

assemble manufacturers initially create the basic parts of a
3. Made to Assemble (MTA)
final good that can be quickly assembled together when an
order from a customer is received.

MTA production significantly reduces lead times for

customer orders. Nevertheless, the business could face
lower demand for certain types of basic parts.

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 COND

A vendor is a party in the supply chain that makes goods and

services available to companies or consumers.
4. Vendor
The term "vendor" is typically used to describe the entity that is
paid for goods provided rather than the manufacturer of the
goods itself.

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 A project is defined as an
effort to create or modify
a specific product or
service.
Project or Projects are temporary
work efforts with a clear
organizational beginning and end.
requirements Projects can be completely
contained within a specific
unit or department, or
include other organizations
and vendors.

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 Review system architecture and configuration documentation

System architecture is the conceptual model that defines the structure,

behavior, and more views of a system. An architecture description is a
formal description and representation of a system, organized in a way that
supports reasoning about the structures and behaviors of the system.

A system architecture can consist of system components and the sub-

systems developed, that will work together to implement the overall
system. In computer engineering, computer architecture is a set of
rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization, and
implementation of computer systems.

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 System configuration is a term in systems
Computer Architecture engineering that defines the computer
hardware, the processes as well as the
various devices that comprise the entire
system and its boundaries. This term also
refers to the settings or the hardware-
software arrangement and how each
device and

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 COND

System configuration is a term in systems engineering

that defines the computer hardware, the processes as
well as the various devices that comprise the entire
system and its boundaries.
This term also refers to the settings or the hardware-
software arrangement and how each device and software
or process interact with each other based on a system
settings file created automatically by the system or
defined by the user.

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Critical hardware and software components

1. Motherboard

A motherboard is a circuit board through which all the different

components of a computer communications and it keep everything
together.
The input and output devices are plugged into the motherboard for
function.
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 Input devices are hardware components or peripherals
that allow users to interact with and input data into a
computer or electronic device.
2. Input
devices
These devices facilitate communication between the
user and the computer system by converting physical
actions or information into a format that the computer
can understand.
Examples: keyboard, mouse, microphone, Biometric Input
Devices…

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3. Output unit

The result of the command we provide the computer with through the
input device is called the output.
The most used is the monitor since we give commands using the
keyboard and after the processing, the result or outcome is displayed on
the monitor.

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 The CPU is called the brain of the computer since no action
4. Central can take place without its permission and execution as the main
Processing Unit processing unit.
(CPU)
It communicates with all the other components of the
computer and has Components that help in the smooth
functioning of the CPU.

Components of the CPU are:

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 Components of the CPU are:

The information entered through the input devices is saved in the

memory of the CPU and then passed to the other parts.
A. Memory Unit
Similarly, when the output is ready it is saved in the memory before
the result is given to the user.
This unit controls the functioning component of the computer.
It collects the data entered, leads to processing after the
processing is done, receives the output and provides it to the user.
B. Control Unit
So getting instructions, decoding it, signaling the execution and
receiving the output is done by the control center and hence it is
called the center of all processing actions that happen in the
computer.
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 COND

This unit does mathematical calculations,

C. Arithmetic and Logical arithmetic operations, comparison of data and
Unit decision making.
It has circuits that are built for addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division and other calculations.

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Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

Is Another vital component of the computer is GPU.

The Graphics Processing Unit or the video card helps generate high-
end visuals like the ones in video games.

Good graphics like these are also helpful for people who have to
execute their work.

It generally communicates directly with the monitor

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 RAM is the most commonly referred component in a
Random Access computer.
Memory (RAM)
The RAM is also known as the volatile memory since it
gets erased every time the computer restarts.

It stores the data regarding the programs which are

frequently accessed programs and processes.

It helps programs to start up and close quickly.

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SRAM (Static
RAM)
Static RAM (SRAM) uses several transistors to hold each bit
of data in memory.
This technology has both advantages and disadvantages.

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 Stability:
Speed: No Refresh: SRAM is more
stable than
SRAM is faster
SRAM does not DRAM. It retains
than Dynamic RAM
Advantages need to be refreshed data as long as
(DRAM) because it
constantly to power is
doesn't require
maintain the stored supplied, and
constant
data. there is no need
refreshing.
for a refresh
cycle.

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 Density:
SRAM has lower Complexity:
Cost: storage density The structure of
Disadvantages SRAM is more than DRAM. SRAM is more
: expensive to This means that, complex than DRAM,
manufacture for a given chip involving multiple
compared to size, SRAM can transistors per memory
DRAM. store less data cell.
compared to
DRAM.

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 DRAM used only a single capacitor per bit of data and, thus,
cost substantially less than SRAM, but had many
disadvantages.
DRAM
(Dynamic RAM) The DRAM memory required periodic refreshing during
which the processor couldn't access the RAM (called a wait
state).

Refreshing caused DRAM to be slower than SRAM.

Additionally, DRAM used more power than SRAM.

DRAM became the primary system RAM in all computers for

many years.

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 SDRAM the current RAM of choice in most
SDRAM (Synchronous
Dynamic RAM) systems offers a great improvement over DRAM,
delivering data in high speed bursts.

Plus, SDRAM runs at the speed of the system bus.

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 A storage device is an integral part of the computer hardware
which stores information/data to process the result of any
computational work.
Storage Unit
Without a storage device, a computer would not be able to run
or even boot up.

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 1. Primary Storage Devices: It is also known as internal
memory and main memory.

This is a section of the CPU that holds program instructions, input

data, and intermediate results. It is generally smaller in size.
RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only
Computer storage Memory) are examples of primary storage.

2. Secondary Storage Devices: Secondary storage is a memory

that is stored external to the computer.
It is mainly used for the permanent and long-term storage of
programs and data.
Hard Disk, CD, DVD, Pen/Flash drive,, etc., are examples of
secondary storage.

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 Disassemble and assemble Computer
In the next class Components

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