Republic of the Philippines

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY

Don Severino de las Alas Campus
Indang, Cavite

Fluid Mechanics

Name: Pelaez, Joshua, D. Date: May 15, 2024

Section: ______BSE-SCI 1-2__________Instructor: Mr. Orlando___

PROBLEM SET 6

1. What is meant by streamline flow? What does a streamline in a diagram represent?

 Streamline flow refers to the smooth movement of particles within a pipe, where the
fluid flows in organized layers without mixing or disruption. In this type of flow, each
particle maintains a constant velocity as it moves past a specific point over time.
 Streamlines represent the trajectories followed by fluid particles during constant flow
conditions. When visualized as curves, the direction of fluid velocity at any point along
the curve corresponds to the tangent to the curve at that specific point. In laminar flow,
streamlines adhere to the equation of continuity: Av = constant. Here, A represents the
cross-sectional area of fluid flow, and v denotes the velocity of the fluid at that particular
point. Av signifies the volume flux or flow rate of the fluid, which remains consistent
during steady flow. When the cross-sectional area is larger, the fluid velocity decreases,
and conversely, when the area decreases, velocity increases.

2. State Bernoulli's theorem. Explain the application of the theorem in the atomizer.

 The pressure drop within the atomizer causes an acceleration in the fluid velocity as it
passes through the narrow nozzle. This heightened velocity results in the creation of a
fine mist or spray. In the setup, the liquid to be sprayed is contained within a vessel,
typically sealed with a cork or cap. As the fluid flows through the nozzle, its velocity
increases, causing a reduction in pressure. This pressure decrease establishes a gradient,
prompting surrounding air to rush into the system. Consequently, the fluid is fragmented
into small droplets due to the shear forces induced by the swift airflow.
3. Why do we consider Bernoulli's theorem as a restatement of the law of conservation of
energy?
 Its because Bernoulli's equation illustrates that in a horizontal pipe, where fluid moves
swiftly, pressure tends to be low, while in regions where fluid moves slowly, pressure
tends to be high. This equation essentially reiterates the conservation of energy principle
by equating the work done on the fluid to its alteration in energy. Moreover, Bernoulli’s
equation deals with energy conservation law for the steady-state flow of incompressible
fluids, such as water. It relates the energy of the fluid in terms of its pressure, velocity,
and height.
4. How can a pitcher make a baseball curve upward, downward, or sideways? What principle
is involved?
 When a pitcher throws a baseball with spin, it creates different pressures around the ball,
causing it to curve in various directions. For example, when spinning to the right, the ball
experiences lower pressure on the right side, making it curve to the right. Similarly,
 when given a top spin, the ball drops because of the lower pressure below it, while when
given an underspin, it rises due to the lower pressure above it.

5. A liquid flow through a pipe at the rate of 6,000 cm3 /min. If the inner diameter of
the pipe is 2 cm, find the velocity of the liquid in the pipe.

Given:
Liquid flow rate = 6,000 cm3 /min
Diameter = 2 cm

Solution:
Find the area of the pipe.
2
A=π (d )
2 2
A=π (2 cm) =12.57 cm
Solve for the velocity of liquid pipe.
R
v=
A
3
6,000 cm /min
v= 2
12.57 cm

v=477.33 cm/min
6. A pipe of uniform cross-sectional area of 31 cm2 is filled with liquid which flows with a
velocity of 2 m/s. Find the rate of flow of the liquid in m3 /min.

Given:
Area of pipe = 31 cm2
Velocity of liquid = 2 m/s

Solution:
Convert cm to m.
2 1m 1m 2
31 cm × × =0.0031 m
100 cm 100 cm
Convert second to minute.
60 sec
2 m/s × =120 min
1m
Solve for the flow rate of liquid.
R
> R= Av
v=
A
2
R=0.0031 m ×120 m/min .
3
R=0.374 m /min
7. A Water flows through a pipe of varying cross section. At a section where the diameter is
16 cm, the velocity of the water is 1.2 m/sec. Find the velocity of the water where the
diameter is 11 cm.

Given:
d1 = 16 cm
 v1 = 1.2 m/sec
d2 = 11 cm

Solution:
Convert cm to m.
1m
16 cm × =0.16 m
100 cm

1m
11cm × =0.11 m
100 cm
Find the A1 and A2.
2
A=π (d )
2 2
A1=π (0.16 m) =0.080 m

2 2
A2=π (0.11m) =0.038 m
Solve for the velocity of A2.
R1=R 2
A1 v 1= A 2 v 2
2 2
(0.080 m )(1.2m/ sec)=(0.038 m )v 1
Arange the equation.
2
(0.080 m )(1.2 m/sec)
v 2=
(0.038 m2 )

v 2=2.53 m/sec .

8. A Water flows at the rate of 800 cm3 /min in a pipe of varying cross-sectional area.
Calculate the velocity of the water at the section where the radius is (a) 3.0 cm and (b) 5.0
cm.

Given:
Water flow rate = 800 cm3 /min
R1 = 3.0 cm
R2 = 5.0 cm
Solution:
Find the Area of both section.
2
A=π (d )
2 2
A1=π (3.0 cm) =28.27 cm

2
A=π (d )
2 2
A2=π (5.0 cm) =78.54 cm

Solve for the velocity of both area.

 a.)
R
v=
A
3
800 cm /min
v= 2
28.27 cm

v=28.30 cm/min
b.)
R
v=
A
3
800 cm /min
v= 2
78.54 cm

v=10.19 cm/min

9. The liquid flowing through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm flows into a constriction of
diameter 1.0 cm. A pressure gauge at the constricted section and at the main pipe shows
that the pressure at the constricted part is smaller by 8,000 dynes/cm2 than the pressure
at the main pipe. Find (a) the velocity of the liquid in the main pipe, (b) the velocity in the
constriction, and (c) the rate of flow of the liquid through the pipe.

Given:

Solution:

10. The wing of a plane has an area of 44 m2 . The pressure on the upper surface of the wing
is 1 x 10⁵ N/m2 while the pressure on the lower surface is 6.8 x 10⁵ N/m2 . Calculate the
lifting force on the wing

Given:
Area of plane = 44 m2
Pressure on the upper = 1 x 10⁵ N/m2
Pressure on the lower = 6.8 x 10⁵ N/m2
Solution:
Calculate for the pressure difference
Pdifference =Pupper −Plower
5 2 5 2
Pdifference =1× 10 N /m −6.8 × 10 N /m
2
¿−580 , 000 N /m

Calculate for the Lifting force.

Lifting force=P diffirence × Area
2 2
Lifting force=−580,000 N /m × 44 m
 7
Lifting force=−25,520,000 N ∨−2 .5 ×1 0 N