Lesson 6

Hub, Switch and Router

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 Agenda

 Differences between Network Devices

 How to Control Dataflow
 Protocol
 Packet
 Differences between Hub and Switch
 Collision
 Differences between Switch and Router
 Routing
 Differences between Network Devices

Hub Switch Router

Packet Control X O O
Routing X X O

 What is Packet Control ?

(What is Dataflow Control ?)
 What is Routing ?

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 Network Protocol

When computers communicate with each other, there

needs to be a common set of rules and instructions that
each computer follows. A specific set of communication
rules is called a protocol.

I will send you three files?

Ok. Header Data

Send three files  Source  File name
 Destination  File data

I got them

Communication Order Data Format

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 What is Packet ?
From, To, Students’ Name

Driver + Students
Kumasi Buses = Packets

Structure of Packet
Header Check
Data Trailer Sum

Source Destination Identification

Address Address Number
TTI
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 Packet (Summary)

A packet is a small amount of data sent over a network.

Similar to a real-life package(parcel), each packet
includes a source and destination as well as the content
(data) being transferred.
When the packets reach their destination, they are
reassembled into a contiguous data.
Sender Receiver
Header Data 1 Header Data 1
Original Header Data 2 Packet Header Data 2 Received
Data Header Data Data
Header Data n Header Data n
Divide Transfer Collect
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Differences between Hub and Switch

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 Collision
Collision : two or more devices on a network try to
send data at the same time, those data packets
colliding with each other.

Collision

Network
 When a collision occurs, communication speed
down because of waiting time and retransmission
 One of the solution for too much collisions is
reducing the number of devices in a network 8
What is Packet[Dataflow] Control?
Address Table Port MAC Address
0 12:34:56:78:9A:BC
1 12:34:56:78:9A:DE
2 12:34:56:78:9A:EF
3 12:34:56:78:9A:EE
Hub Switch
Segmentation

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Differences between Switch and Router

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What is Routing ?
From, To, Students’ Name
Kumasi
Driver + Students

Route

In case of IP(Internet Protocol)

There is no route information
in IP Packet.

Structure of Packet
Header Check
Data Trailer Sum

Source Destination Identification

Address Address Number
Takoradi
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 Router Knows Route or
Next Gateway (Router)
We want to go Takoradi.
Which direction should we go next?
Sunyani
Accra
Kumasi

Tarkwa

You should go Tarkwa?

Cape Coast

Secondi
Router Takoradi
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 Routing
Kojo Michel

Network 2 Host 1
Host 1
Network 1 Network 3

Network 5
Network 4
Network 6

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 Summary
Do you know the differences about Hub, Switch, Router?
[Hub]
A hub is the least complex and least expensive device.

[Switch]
The switch controls a data packet. As a result, a switch can greatly
improve the speed of networks that have a lot of traffic.

[Router]
The router can not only forward data packets to other devices in a
single network, but also forward data packets between two or more
networks.
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