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English esa
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EDITORIAL
Private rocket ights herald prospects more valuable than commercial
fortune
On May 30, a start-up named Agnikul Cosmos successfully conducted the rst
test ight of its rocket ‘Agnibaan’ in a mission called ‘Suborbital Tech Demonstrator’
(SOrTeD). The ight was Agnikul’s fth attempt after the rst four were called off
owing to suboptimal launch conditions. ‘Agnibaan’ is a two-stage, 14- tonne launch
vehicle designed to lift small satellites to low-earth orbits. Both stages are powered
by bespoke semi-cryogenic engines. The test ight ew a ‘minimal’ version of
the rocket with one engine (or stage). Notably, many of the vehicle’s components,
including the engines, are 3Dprinted, and Agnikul has said it will be able to build
one rocket a month. With the test ight, Agnikul took ‘Agnibaan’ on its rst steps
towards being a full-edged launch vehicle, which will expand India’s commercial
launch services offering in keeping with the expanding market for small satellites
and the services they can provide. The roster is currently dominated by the Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and will soon be joined by the Small Satellite Launch
Vehicle, both of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). One blip Agnikul
will have to address is the subpar communication of the parameters of the test
ight. This is one area in which ISRO has not distinguished itself and it is important
for new space startups to steer clear of the same mould.
This said, the ights of ‘Agnibaan’ - and Skyroot’s ‘Vikram’ in 2022 - herald two
prospects more valuable than commercial fortune. ISRO and/or scientists trained
there have shared technical know-how and provided physical systems for many
private missions, which these startups are now testing, cutting short the time and
expenses required. Likewise, these startups are poised now to light the way for ISRO
and others, potentially accelerating innovation in the sector. For example, ISRO has
been testing a semi-cryogenic engine of its own that could draw from lessons learnt
at Agnikul. The government must ensure that the corresponding bureaucratic and
legal frameworks encourage the free ow of knowledge. Second, in April, ISRO said
it had developed engine nozzles made of a carbon-carbon composite to replace the
Columbium alloy nozzles on the PSLV’s fourth stage. The switch increased PSLV’s
payload capacity by 15 kg - a signicant amount for an already technologically
mature launch vehicle, made possible by education and research opportunities that
allowed know-how accrued in some sectors to disperse in others. This privilege is
currently most pronounced in India’s spacefaring enterprise. As more innovation
enters the fray, it is hoped that the resulting solutions and insights will benet
everything, from aerospace to zoology.
1. Suboptimal & v/ksÙke 2. Bespoke & fo'ks"k :i ls fufeZr
3. Dominated & çHkqRo djuk 4. Subpar & ekud ls de
5. Mould & :i ;k 'kSyh 6. Herald & lwpuk nsuk
7. Bureaucratic & ukSdj'kkgh laca/h 8. Composite & la;qÙkQ
9. Accrued & tek gksuk
English esa
HINDI MEANING
On May 30, a start-up named Agnikul Cosmos successfully conducted
the rst test ight of its rocket ‘Agnibaan’ in a mission called ‘Suborbital
Tech Demonstrator’ (SOrTeD). The ight was Agnikul’s fth attempt after the
rst four were called off owing to suboptimal launch conditions. (blh 30 ebZ dks]
vfXudqy dkWLeksl uke ds ,d LVkVZ&vi us ^lcvkWfcZVy Vsd fMekWUlVªsVj* (lkWVZsM) uk
^vfXuck.k* dh igyh ijh{k.k mM+ku lapkfyr dhA ;g mM+ku vfXudqy dk ikapoka ç;kl FkhA blls ig
dks ç{ksi.k ds fy, mi;qÙkQ fLFkfr;ka u gksus dh otg ls jí fd;k x;k FkkA)
‘Agnibaan’ is a two-stage, 14- tonne launch vehicle designed to lift
small satellites to low-earth orbits. Both stages are powered by bespoke semi-
cryogenic engines. The test ight ew a ‘minimal’ version of the rocket with
one engine (or stage). Notably, many of the vehicle’s components, including
the engines, are 3Dprinted, and Agnikul has said it will be able to build one
rocket a month. (^vfXuck.k* nks&pj.kksa okyk 14 Vu otu dk ,d ,slk ç{ksi.k ;ku gS] ftls NksVs
dks i`Foh dh fupyh d{kkvksa esa ys tkus ds fy, fMtkbu fd;k x;k gSA nksuksa pj.kksa dks rkdr •kl
x;s lseh&Øk;kstsfud batuksa ls feyrh gSA ijh{k.k mM+ku esa jkWdsV ds ^fefuey* ¹;FkklaHko U
otZu dk bLrseky fd;k x;k] ftlesa ,d batu (;k pj.k) FkkA xkSjryc gS fd batu lesr ;ku ds dbZ dy&iqt
3Mh&fçaVsM gSa] vkSj vfXudqy us dgk gS fd og ,d eghus esa ,d jkWdsV cukus esa l{ke gksxk
With the test ight, Agnikul took ‘Agnibaan’ on its rst steps towards
being a full-edged launch vehicle, which will expand India’s commercial launch
services offering in keeping with the expanding market for small satellites and
the services they can provide. The roster is currently dominated by the Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and will soon be joined by the Small Satellite
Launch Vehicle, both of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). (ijh{k.k
mM+ku ds lkFk] vfXudqy us ^vfXuck.k* dks iw.kZ&fodflr ç{ksi.k ;ku cukus dh fn'kk esa igyk
;g NksVs mixzgksa vkSj muds }kjk nh tk ldus okyh lsokvksa ds c<+rs cktkj ds eísutj O;kolkf;d ç
dh Hkkjrh; is'kd'k dk foLrkj djsxkA vHkh bl lwph esa è#oh; mixzg ç{ksi.k ;ku (ih,l,yoh) dk ncnc
vkSj tYn gh blesa y?kq mixzg ç{ksi.k ;ku (,l,l,yoh) dk uke tqM+ tk;sxkA)
One blip Agnikul will have to address is the subpar communication of
the parameters of the test ight. This is one area in which ISRO has not
distinguished itself and it is important for new space startups to steer clear of
the same mould. (;s nksuksa ;ku Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqla/ku laxBu (bljks) ds gSaA vfXudqy dks
NksVh pht ij è;ku nsuk gksxk] og gS – ijh{k.k mM+ku ds ekunaMksa ls tqM+s laokn dk Lrjh; u g
{ks=k gS ftlesa bljks us viuh ,d fof'k"V igpku ugha cuk;h gS vkSj u;s varfj{k LVkVZvIl ds fy, ;g
gS fd os mlh <jZs ij pyus ls cpsaA)
This said, the ights of ‘Agnibaan’ - and Skyroot’s ‘Vikram’ in 2022 -
herald two prospects more valuable than commercial fortune. ISRO and/or
scientists trained there have shared technical know-how and provided physical
systems for many private missions, which these startups are now testing,
cutting short the time and expenses required. (^vfXuck.k* vkSj 2022 esa LdkbZ:V ds
^foØe* dh mM+kusa O;kolkf;d Hkfo"; ls dgha T;knk ewY;oku nks laHkkoukvksa dk ladsr nsrh g
çf'kf{kr oSKkfudksa us rduhdh fo'ks"kKrk lk>k dh gS vkSj dbZ futh vfHk;kuksa ds fy, HkkSfr
djk;h gSa] ftudk ;s LVkVZvi vc ijh{k.k dj jgs gSaA blls le; vkSj vko';d •pks± esa dVkSrh gqbZ g
English esa
Likewise, these startups are poised now to light the way for ISRO and
others, potentially accelerating innovation in the sector. For example, ISRO
has been testing a semi-cryogenic engine of its own that could draw from
lessons learnt at Agnikul. (blh rjg] ;s LVkVZvi vc bljks vkSj vU; laxBuksa dks jkg fn•kus dks r
gSa] ftlls bl lsDVj esa uoksUes"k rst gksus dh laHkkouk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] yacs le; ls vius cwrs l
batu dk ijh{k.k dj jgk bljks vfXudqy }kjk lh•s x;s lcd dk ykHk mBk ldrk gSA)
The government must ensure that the corresponding bureaucratic and
legal frameworks encourage the free ow of knowledge. Second, in April, ISRO
said it had developed engine nozzles made of a carbon-carbon composite to
replace the Columbium alloy nozzles on the PSLV’s fourth stage. The switch
increased PSLV’s payload capacity by 15 kg - a signicant amount for an
already technologically mature launch vehicle, made possible by education
and research opportunities that allowed know-how accrued in some sectors to
disperse in others. (ljdkj dks ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gksxk fd lacaf/r ukSdj'kkgh (C;wjksØsfVd) vkSj dk
<kaps Kku ds eqÙkQ çokg dks çksRlkfgr djsaA nwljk] vçSy esa bljks us dgk fd mlus ih,l,yoh ds
dksyafc;e feJ/krq ukWty dh txg yxkus ds fy, dkcZu&dkcZu daiksftV ls cus batu ukWty fodflr fd
bl cnyko us ih,l,yoh dh isyksM {kerk 15 fdyksxzke rd c<+k nhA igys gh rduhdh :i ls ifjiDo ç{ksi
;ku ds fy, ;g ,d cM+h ek=kk gSA ;g f'k{kk ,oa vuqla/ku ds mu voljksa ls laHko gqvk ftUgksaus d
gkfly fo'ks"kKrk dk foLrkj nwljs lsDVjksa esa djus dh btktr nhA)
This privilege is currently most pronounced in India’s spacefaring
enterprise. As more innovation enters the fray, it is hoped that the resulting
solutions and insights will benet everything, from aerospace to zoology. (;g
fo'ks"k ykHk dh fLFkfr orZeku esa Hkkjr ds varfj{k m|e esa lcls T;knk Li"V gSA tSls&tSls vkS
'kkfey gks jgs gSa] ;g mEehn gS fd ifj.kkeh lek/kuksa vkSj varnZ`f"V;ksa ls gj pht dks ykHk gksxk
gks ;k fiQj tarqfoKkuA)
English esa
SUMMARY OF THE EDITORIAL

1. Agnikul Cosmos' Successful Test Flight: On May 30, the start-up Agnikul
Cosmos successfully conducted the rst test ight of its rocket ‘Agnibaan’ in
the ‘Suborbital Tech Demonstrator’ (SOrTeD) mission.
2. Previous Attempts and Launch Details: This was Agnikul’s fth attempt after
the rst four were canceled due to poor launch conditions. ‘Agnibaan’ is a two-
stage, 14-tonne launch vehicle designed to launch small satellites into low-
earth orbit, with 3D-printed components.
3. Commercial Launch Services: The successful test ight marks a step towards
making ‘Agnibaan’ a full-edged launch vehicle, expanding India’s commercial
launch services, currently led by ISRO’s PSLV and the upcoming Small Satellite
Launch Vehicle.
4. Communication Issue: Agnikul needs to improve how it communicates test

ight parameters, an area where ISRO also needs improvement.
5. Prospects Beyond Commercial Success: The success of Agnikul’s ‘Agnibaan’

and Skyroot’s ‘Vikram’ in 2022 offers more than commercial success. ISRO
and its trained scientists have shared knowledge and systems, helping these
startups shorten development time and costs.
6. Mutual Benets and Innovation: Startups like Agnikul can also help ISRO
innovate faster. For example, ISRO could learn from Agnikul’s semi-cryogenic
engine tests.
7. Government Support: The government should ensure bureaucratic and legal

frameworks support the free ow of knowledge.
8. Technological Advances: In April, ISRO increased PSLV’s payload capacity by

using new engine nozzles made of a carbon-carbon composite, showcasing the
benets of shared knowledge and research opportunities.
9. Broader Impact of Innovations: The innovations and insights from space

startups are expected to benet various elds beyond aerospace, enhancing
overall technological progress.
English esa
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. What is the tone of the passage?
(a) Celebratory (b) Informative (c) Critical (d) Humorous
2. What is the main theme of the passage?
(a) The success of ISRO's PSLV missions
(b) Challenges in space communication
(c) Development and impact of private space startups in India
(d) The future of space tourism
3. What does "bespoke" mean as used in the passage?
(a) Generic (b) Standard (c) Custom-made (d) Mass-produced
4. What does "herald" mean as used in the passage?
(a) Conceal (b) Announce (c) Delay (d) Ignore
5. How many attempts did Agnikul Cosmos make before successfully conducting
the test ight of ‘Agnibaan’?
(a) Three (b) Four (c) Five (d) Six
1. (b) fn, x, passage esa

Agnikul Cosmos dh ijh{k.k mM+ku] jkosQV dh fMtkbu vkSj Hkkjr osQ v
osQ fy, fufgrkFkksZ osQ ckjs esa foLr`r tkudkjh passage
nsrk gS] dhvr% bl 'informative' gksxhA
tone
2. (c) fn, x, passage esa eq[; :i ls Agnikul cosmos dh ijh{k.k mM+ku]startups futh dh Hkwfedk
vkSj varfj{k {ks=k esa muosQ ;ksxnku ij ppkZ djrk gS]
option vr%
(c) development and impact of
private space startups in India lgh answer gksxkA
3. (c) Passage esa fn;k x;kword "bespoke" dk vFkZ ¶fo'ks"k :idesign
ls fd, x, Semi-cryogenic
engine osQ lanHkZ esa fd;k x;k option
gS] vr%
(c) custom-made lgh answer gkssxkA
4. (b) Passage esa fn;k x;k word "herald" dk vFkZ ^lwpuk nsuk* ;k fdlh pht osQ vkus dk laosQr ns
gS] ftldkuse passage esaAgnibaan vkSjSkyroot osQ vikram dh mM+kuksa osQ lanHkZ esa mi
x;k gS] vr%option (b) announce lgh answer gksxkA
5. (b) fn, x, passage osQ vuqlkj Agnikul cosmos us ikposa iz;kl esa liQyrkiwoZd ijh{k.k mM+ku d
nsus ls igys pkj iz;kl fd;s Fks]option
vr% (b) four lgh answer gksxkA
English esa
VOCABULARY
1. Suboptimal (adj.) E.g. - New space startups should steer
clear of the same mould as ISRO in
Meaning - Not the best or most effective
terms of communication.
(v/ksÙke)
Syn. - inferior, substandard 6. Herald (v)
Ant. - optimal, excellent Meaning - To signal the coming of (lwpuk

E.g. - The rst four attempts were nsuk)
called off due to suboptimal launch Syn. - announce, signal
conditions. Ant. - hide, conceal
E.g. - The ights of ‘Agnibaan’ and
2. Bespoke (adj.)
Skyroot’s ‘Vikram’ in 2022 herald two
Meaning - Custom-made, tailored (fo'ks"k valuable prospects.
:i ls fufeZr)
7. Bureaucratic (adj.)
Syn. - custom, tailored
Meaning - Related to the administrative
Ant. - mass-produced, generic
system governing a large institution
E.g. - The rocket uses bespoke semi-
(ukSdj'kkgh laca/h)
cryogenic engines.
Syn. - administrative, ofcial
3. Dominated (v) Ant. - non-bureaucratic, informal
Meaning - To have control over or be E.g. - The government must ensure
the most inuential in (çHkqRo djuk) that the bureaucratic frameworks
Syn. - controlled, ruled encourage the free ow of knowledge.
Ant. - yielded, followed 8. Composite (n)
E.g. - The roster is currently dominated Meaning - Made up of various parts or
by the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. elements (la;qÙkQ)
4. Subpar (adj.) Syn. - compound, amalgam
Ant. - simple, singular
Meaning - Below an expected level of
E.g. - ISRO developed engine nozzles
quality (ekud ls de)
made of a carbon-carbon composite.
Syn. - inferior, inadequate
Ant. - superior, excellent
9. Accrued (v)
E.g. - One blip Agnikul will have to Meaning - Accumulate or receive (such
address is the subpar communication sums of money or benets) over time
of the parameters of the test ight. (tek gksuk)
Syn. - accumulated, gathered
5. Mould (n)
Ant. - dispersed, lost
Meaning - A distinctive and typical E.g. - Education and research
style, form, or character (:i) opportunities allowed know-how
Syn. - pattern, style accrued in some sectors to disperse in
Ant. - deviation, uniqueness others.
English esa
CLOZE TEST
Polar bears roam the arctic ice sheets and swim in that region's coastal waters. They
are (1) ____ strong swimmers, and their large paws, (2) _____ they use to paddle are
(3) ______ webbed. Some polar bears have been seen ______(4) hundreds of miles from
land, though they probably cover most of that (5) ____ by oating on sheets of ice.
1. (a) too (b) much (c) so (d) very
2. (a) whom (b) whose (c) them (d) which
3. (a) faintly (b) dimly (c) nimbly (d) slightly
4. (a) running (b) swimming (c) wandering (d) hunting
5. (a) extant (b) water (c) distance (d) extent
Explanation
1. (d) 'Strong' ,d adjective gSA Adjective dksmodify djus osQ fy, adverb 'very' dk iz;ksx
fd;k tk,xkA ckdh lHkhoptions xyr gS D;ksafd
'too' dk use vkxs'to + V1' ds fcuk ugha djrsA
'so' dk use vkxs'that' ds fcuk ugha djrsA
'much ds ckncomparative degree ds adjectives vkrs gSA
2. (d) ;gk¡relative pronoun 'which' dk iz;ksx fd;k tk,xkA vkSjrelative;g clause dks
introduce djsxkA ‘whom’ persons osQ fy,use fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ‘whose’ posses-
sion show djrk gSA blfy,‘which’ ;gk¡perfect t gksxkA D;ksafd gesa(iats) dks
'paws'
describe djuk gSA
3. (d) 'Slightly' adverb dk iz;ksx ;gk¡ mfpr gksxkA
'slightly' ,d adverb gS vkSj small de-
gree ;k level dksindicate djrh gSA'slightly' means 'little bit'.
ckfdoptions context esat ugha gksaxs D;ksafd
faintly - ewfNZr gksrs gq,
dimly - vLi"V
nimbly - iwQrhZ ls
4. (b) Passage esa polar bear dksswim djrs ns[kk x;kA blfy, ;gk¡ 'swimming' correct
option gksxkA
5. (c) 'Distance' is the correct t D;ksafd passage ds according polar bears us
'hundreds of miles' dk distance cover fd;k FkkA 'most of that distance' mUgksaus
ice sheets ij oat djosQ cover fd;k gksxkprobably.
qqq
English esa
PARA-JUMBLE
1. A. Absulum, the reindeer elf worked in the reindeer barn.
B. He also had to keep the reindeer well groomed.
C. He had to clean it every day and that was hard work.
D. He had to give them all a bath and brush their fur.
E. It was such a dirty job to mop, slop, scour and scrape every corner.
F. He worked his ngers to the bone but it seemed that no one cared.
(a) ADCEBF (b) ACDBEF (c) ACEBDF (d) AEBDCF
2. A. The King and Queen of Siam had several daughters.
B. So, the King named his daughters January, February, March till he came
to the youngest whom he named September.
C. The princesses were very proud of their parrots and spent time teaching
them to talk.
D. One year on his birthday, the King gave each of his daughters a green par-
rot in a cage.
E. The Queen said it confused her to remember so many names.
F. In a short while all the parrots could say “God save the King”.
(a) ADBECF (b) ACDBEF (c) ABECDF (d) AEBDCF
3. A. She looked very excited when she saw me get off the bus.
B. It was quite a long time since I had met my grandmother.
C. I found her standing at the village bus stand to receive me.
D. She hugged me and tears of joy owed down her cheeks.
(a) BCAD (b) BDCA (c) CDAB (d) CADB
4. A. Suddenly I noticed smoke pouring in through the seams of the ceiling.
B. Groping our way to the front door we all ran out into the front yard.
C. The smoke began to ll the room so quickly that we could barely see.
D. I ran to the neighbours to call the re department.
E. By the time we made our way outside, the whole roof was engulfed in ames.
F. I saw mother run back into the house and I screamed, “Mom! No!”
(a) ACBEDF (b) ABCDEF (c) ADEBCF (d) AEDCBF
5. A. Some of these substances may be added to increase the weight of food-
stuffs and may not be injurious to health.
B. They are often imperceptible but can have far-reaching effects.
C. The evil effects of adulteration of food on our health are often slow in their
onset and may go un-noticed.
D. The danger obviously depends upon the substances added to adulterate
food.
(a) CADB (b) DBCA (c) CBDA (d) BDAC
Explanation
1. (c) ACEBDF
'B' esa
reindeer dksgroomed j[kus dh ckr gS ftldks
'D' esa vkxs c<+k;k gSand brush
'bath
their fur' dg djA
blfy, 'BD' ,d mandatory pair gS tksfd fliZQoption (c) vkSj(d) esa gSA
'C' esa
cleaning dh ckr dks'E' esa vkxs c<+kdj
'mop, slop, scour and scrape' dgk x;k
gSA
blfy, 'C' ds ckn'E' vk,xk vr%option (c) correct answer gksxkA
English esa
2. (d) ABEDCF
'E' esa
given reason dk result 'B' esa
given gSA
'E' esa D;ksafd
Queen dks viuhdaughter osQ name ;kn j[kus esa ijs'kkuh gks jgh Fkh
'B' blfy;s
esaking usmuosQname January, February j[k fn;sA
bl izdkj 'EB ,d mandatory pair gSA
tks fdonly option (d) esa
given gSA
3. (a) BCAD
'B' esa
given 'grandmother' dksrefer djus osQ fy;s
'A' esa
'she' pronoun dk use fd;k
x;k gSA blfy,B, A ls igys vk;sxkA
Context osQ according igys'looked' rFkk blosQ ckn
'hugged' verb vk;sxkA blfy,A, D
ls igys vk;sxkA
bl izdkj option (a) correct answer gSA
4. (a) ACBEDF
'C' esa
room dk n`'; crk;k x;k gS rFkk
B & E ls room ls ckgj fudyusdh ckr dh x;h gSA
blfy, C, B & E ls igys vk;sxkA
tks fdonly option (a) esagiven gSA
5. (c) CBDA
'D' esa
'substances' dk ftØ fd;k x;k gSA
'A' esa
some of these substances' dks ns[kdj Li"V gS'DA' fd ,d mandatory pair gSA
tks fd option 'C & D' esagiven gSA
'B' dh starting 'they' pronoun ls gqbZ gSA blosQ igys dksbZ
plural noun vk;sxkA ftldks
refer djus osQ fy;s
'they dk use fd;k x;k gSA
blfy, 'B' starting point ugha cusxkA vr% option (d) eliminate gks tk;sxkA
bl izdkj option (c) correct answer gSA
qqq
English esa
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English esa
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Join Telegram- Vocab Wonders by Prashant Sir 1 Date - 01-06-2024

SUMMARY OF THE EDITORIAL

4. Communication Issue: Agnikul needs to improve how it communicates test

5. Prospects Beyond Commercial Success: The success of Agnikul’s ‘Agnibaan’

7. Government Support: The government should ensure bureaucratic and legal

8. Technological Advances: In April, ISRO increased PSLV’s payload capacity by

9. Broader Impact of Innovations: The innovations and insights from space

1. (b) fn, x, passage esa

Ant. - optimal, excellent Meaning - To signal the coming of (lwpuk

;g PDF daily ikus ds fy, vHkhjoin djsaTelegram channel

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