Unit 8 - Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication
Michael O’Toole, PhD

ERAU Professional
Programs Short Course
You have a right to know!
 What hazardous chemicals
you work with.
 The hazards and risks

presented by each
chemical.
 How to protect yourself

from each chemical.
Objectives to discuss
 29 CFR 1910.1200, the HazCom Standard.

 Chemical detection.
 HazCom written policy.
 Hazards of chemicals.
 Employee protective measures.
 Chemical warning labels.
 Safety Data Sheet (SDS).
 Basic rules for safe chemical handling.
Why Was HazCom Created?
 32 million workers
exposed to chemicals
daily.
 575,000 existing
chemical products.
 Bophal, India tragedy

in December 1985.
Major Elements of HCS/GHS
Hazcom – Global Harmonization
 Save lives
 Approximately 43 per year (deaths)
 Approximately 585 per year
injuries/illnesses
 Save $
 $475.2M in increased productivity
 $32.2M in cost savings
HazCom
“Workers’ Right To Know” Program
1200 contains:
 Guidelines for a written Hazcom program that
includes:
 List of all chemicals on site.
 How employees are informed & trained to
use them.
 Methods to ensure complete labeling.
 Methods to ensure all SDSs are in place.
 Employee training & education program.

Why do you need to know this?
 Everyone working with/around hazardous

materials has the Right to Know….
 And the responsibility to be aware of the
hazards and proper safe.
 Work procedures for hazardous materials
used or produced in their work area.
 The primary objective is for employees to
know how & where to find specific hazard
information.
Mishaps include
 Fires.
 Explosions.
 Other accidents.
Physical hazards employees
may face
 Flammable liquids
or solids.
 Combustible liquids.
 Compressed gases.
 Explosive materials.
 Unstable materials.
 Water reactive
materials.
Chemicals risks include
 Cleaning solvents.
 Lubricants.
 Fuels.
 Pressurized
containers.
Health hazards employees may
face
 Acute  Chronic
 Short-term effects  Long-term effects
 Symptoms appear  Symptoms appear
just after exposure long after exposure
 High concentration  Low concentration
 Corrosives,  Neurotoxins,
irritants carcinogens
 Rashes, burns,  Cancer, lung or liver
respiratory damage, allergies
irritation,
poisoning
Four routes of entry
1) Inhalation
2) Ingestion
3) Absorption
4) Injection
Harm depends on the Dose
 Mode of entry – commonly, toxic materials contact the
skin, enter respiratory tract/digestive system.
 Physical condition - are you ill? Has your body been
damaged by a previous assault?
 Dose – How much of the chemical was absorbed by
your system?
 Duration – How long were you exposed to the
chemical?
 Sensitivity – How sensitive are you to the chemical?
Harm depends on the Dose
 Combined (Additive or synergistic effects)
- What other chemicals were you exposed
to?
 Stress – Were you under any physical or
mental stress during or after the
exposure?
 Other – gender, race, temp, altitude, and
many other parameters could affect
toxicity.
HazCom program requirements
 Material Inventory.
 Container Labeling.
 Safety Data Sheets (formerly MSDS).
 Written Program.
 Training.
Written Program Requirements
Employers are to:
 Request additional information not
listed on an SDS
 Develop and maintain a written
program
 Review the program on an annual basis
 Make the written program available to
all employees
Hazard Communication - SDS
 Safety Data Sheets or SDSs
provide information on hazardous
materials.
 Note: the chemical manufacturer

must provide the SDS.
Safety data sheets should include
 Chemical identity.
 Physical and chemical characteristics.
 Physical and health

hazards.
 Primary routes of entry.
 PEL, TLV, BEI, other exposure limits.
 PPM, PPB…. But what do these
mean?
 Whether the chemical is a carcinogen.
 The precautions for safe

handling/use.
 Recommended
engineering controls.
 Emergency first aid

procedures.
 Date of preparation.
 Name, address, phone

number of manufacturer,
importer, responsible party.
 Signs and symptoms of exposure.

 Personal protective equipment.
 Spill and leak cleanup.
 Labeling information.
Safety data sheets (cont’d)
 SDSs have a prescribed format. 16 sections!!
 If no SDS has been received for a hazardous

chemical, employer must contact the supplier,
manufacturer, or importer to obtain one and
maintain a record of the contact.
ANSI –
16 required SDS sections
1) Chemical Identity
 GHS product identifier
 Other means to identify
 Emergency phone #
2) Hazard Identification
 GHS classification
• National or regional information
 GHS label elements
3) Composition – Information on ingredients

 Chemical identity
 Common name, synonyms, etc.
 CAS #, EC #, etc.
 Concentration ranges for any mixtures
HCS –
4) First Aid Measures
 Description of any measures, subdivided according to
route of entry.
 Symptoms, both chronic and acute
 Indication of immediate medical attention and any special
treatment, if necessary.
5) Firefighting measures
 Suitable and unsuitable extinguishing media
 The nature of any combustion products
 Special protective equipment
6) Accidental Release Measures

 PPE
 Methods and materials for containment and cleanup.
HCS –
7) Handling and Storage
 Precautions for safe handling
 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
8) Exposure Control/Personal Protection

 Control parameters – e.g., occupational exposure limit
values or biological limits
 Appropriate engineering controls
 PPE measures
9) Physical and Chemical Properties

 Appearance – physical state, color, etc.
 Odor and odor threshold
 pH
 Melting/freezing point
 Vapor pressure – Vapor density
HCS –
16 required MSDS sections
10) Stability and Reactivity
 Chemical stability
 Possibility of hazardous reactions
 Conditions to avoid (e.g., static discharge, shock or
vibration)
 Incompatibility materials
 Hazardous decomposition products
11) Toxicological Information

 Concise but complete and comprehensive description of
the various health effects and the available data used to
identity those effects, including:
• Likely routes of exposure
• Signs and symptoms of exposure
• Chronic and acute effects of exposure
HCS –
12. Ecological Information
 Eco toxicity (aquatic and terrestrial)
 Persistence and degradability
 Bio accumulative potential
13. Disposal Considerations

 Description of waste residues and information on their
safe handling and methods of disposal, including the
disposal of any contamination.
14. Transportation information

 UN number
 Transport Hazard Class
 UN Proper shipping name
HCS –
15. Regulatory Information
 Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for
the product in question.
16. Other information including information on

preparation and revision of the SDS.
HazCom Training Requirements
All employers must:
 Maintain a HazCom training program
 Discuss employee protective measures
 Review the program on an annual basis
 Discuss labeling requirements of containers
 Discuss the use and location of MSDS's
 Train all employees who work with
chemicals
HazCom Refresher Training
Required when there is a:
 Close call or incident
involving chemicals
 Failure in the
HazCom procedures
 Reason to doubt
employee proficiency
Hazard Communication - labels
 Any portable container used to
hold hazardous chemicals is
required to be labeled.
Employee Safety in the Air
Transportation Industry
 The container must have the
name of the chemical and
appropriate hazard warnings.
Hazard Communication - labels
 The chemical manufacturer,
importer, or distributor MUST
label the chemical with at least:
 Identity of chemical.
 Name and address of
manufacturer.
 Appropriate hazard warnings.
 All containers must be labeled.

 Consider unlabeled containers
as dangerous.
 Do not remove labels.
Supplementary Labels - NFPA
NFPA label - This label will help identify hazards
of a chemical. Rating is from 0 (no hazard) to
4 (extreme).
 Flammability (flash points)
0 = Will not burn
1 = above 200 degrees Fahrenheit
2 = Between 100-200 degrees Fahrenheit
3 = Below 100 degrees Fahrenheit
4 = Flash point below 73 degrees Fahrenheit
 Health
0 = Normal Material
1 = Slight Hazard
2 = Moderately Hazardous
3 = Extremely Hazardous
4 = Deadly
 Reactivity
0 = Stable
1 = Unstable if heated
2 = Violent chemical change
3 = Shock or heat may detonate
4 = Rapidly capable of detonation or explosion
Suplamentary Labels - HMIS
 The HMIS or Hazardous
Material Information
System is essentially
similar to the NFPA.
 The white section lists

the type of PPE that is
required. Ex: gloves,
apron, etc.
Labeling exceptions:
Secondary containers
 Are not required to be labeled if used
immediately by one person.
 Containers must be labeled if used
by more than one person.
 Containers must be labeled if
used/left for more than one shift.
Know safe handling procedures!
 Refer to the chemical’s label & SDS

for info on:
 Flammability.
 Incompatibility/reactivity.
 Stability.
 Shock sensitivity.
What do you think?
 Many
containers
 Unlabeled
 Unprotected
 Used
frequently
All indicates the

need
to properly use,
store, label
them!
Thank you!!

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Hazard Communication

Michael O’Toole, PhD

 The hazards and risks

 How to protect yourself

 29 CFR 1910.1200, the HazCom Standard.

 Bophal, India tragedy

 Employee training & education program.

 Everyone working with/around hazardous

 Note: the chemical manufacturer

 Physical and chemical characteristics.

 Physical and health

 Primary routes of entry.

 Whether the chemical is a carcinogen.

 The precautions for safe

 Emergency first aid

 Name, address, phone

 Signs and symptoms of exposure.

 SDSs have a prescribed format. 16 sections!!

 If no SDS has been received for a hazardous

3) Composition – Information on ingredients

6) Accidental Release Measures

8) Exposure Control/Personal Protection

9) Physical and Chemical Properties

11) Toxicological Information

13. Disposal Considerations

14. Transportation information

16. Other information including information on

 All containers must be labeled.

 The white section lists

 Refer to the chemical’s label & SDS

All indicates the

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