XI-JEE M-2 Physics Final

Vedantu’s
Vedantu’s Tatva Practice

Tatva Practice Book | Book
Physics - Vol. !
Physics
Volume 2 Class 11 JEE
SCAN CODE
to know how to
use this Book
Published by
Vedantu Innovations Pvt. Ltd.
D. No. 1081, 3rd Floor, Vistar Arcade,
14th Main Rd, Sector 3, HSR Layout
Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560 102
www.vedantu.com
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information
storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notice: Vedantu is committed to serving students with the best resources and knowledge.
Bearing that in mind, we have obtained all the information in this book from sources regarded
as reliable, and taken utmost care in editing and printing this book. However, as authors and
publishers, we are not to be held responsible for unintentional mistakes that might have crept
in. Having stated that, errors (if any) brought to our notice shall be gratefully acknowledged
and rectified in upcoming editions.
Printed by
LASERPRINTS
Quality - Ethics - Service
H-4 (a), Electronic Complex, Road No.1 IPIA, Kota
(Rajasthan) INDIA
Phones : 0744-2436941Mobile : 9829037941
*Mail ID : laserpr@gmail.com, laser1prints@gmail.com
MASTER INDEX .
VOLUME 1:
Units and Measurements & Basic Mathematics
Motion in a Straight line
Motion in a Plane & Relative Motion
Laws of Motion & Friction
VOLUME 2:
Work, Energy and Power
Circular Motion
Centre of Mass, Momentum and Collision
Rotational Motion
Gravitation
VOLUME 3:
Mechanical Properties of Solids
Fluid Mechanics
Simple Harmonic Motion
Waves
VOLUME 4:
Thermal Physics
Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WORK, ENERGY & POWER
Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 07
Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 15
Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 22
Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 27
Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 37
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 213
CIRCULAR MOTION
Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 44
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 215

5
CENTRE OF MASS, MOMENTUM AND COLLISION
Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 77
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 217
ROTATIONAL MOTION
Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 118
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 219
GRAVITATION
Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 174
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 222

WORK, ENERGY & POWER 6
05
SCAN CODE
WORK,Chapter
ENERGY 05
& POWER 7
1. WORK W  x Fx  y Fy  zFz
Obviously, work is a scalar quantity, i.e., it has

1.1 Introduction to Work:
magnitude only and no direction. However, work done
In Physics, work stands for ‘mechanical work’.
Work is said to be done by a force when the body is by a force can be positive or negative or zero.
displaced actually through some distance in the
direction of the applied force. NOTE:
However, when there is no displacement in the Work done is positive, negative or zero depending
direction of the applied force, no work is said to be upon the angle between force and displacement
done, i.e., work done is zero, when displacement of the
body in the direction of the force is zero.
 1.2 Dimensions and Units of Work
Suppose a constant force F acting on a body produces
 As work = force × distance
a displacement s in the body along the positive x-
W  (M1 L1T 2 )  L
direction, as shown in the figure
W  M1 L2 T2 
This is the dimensional formula of work.

The units of work are of two types:
1. Absolute units 2. Gravitational units
Fig. 5.1 (a) Absolute unit
 1. Joule. It is the absolute unit of work in SI.
If is the angle which F makes with the positive
 Work done is said to be one joule, when a force of
direction of the displacement, then the component of F
one newton actually moves a body through a
in the direction of displacement is (F cos ). As work
distance of one metre in the direction of applied
done by the force is the product of component of force
force.
in the direction of the displacement and the magnitude
of the displacement, From W  Fs cos 
1 joule = 1 newton × 1 metre × cos 0° = 1 N–m
W   Fcos  s ... 1
2. Erg. It is the absolute unit of work in cgs system.
If displacement is exactly in the direction of force Work done is said to be one erg, when a force of one
applied, θ = 0°. Then from (1), dyne actually moves a body through a distance of
W = (F cos 0°) s = F s one cm in the direction of applied force.
 
Equation (1) can be rewritten as W  F.s ... 2 From W  Fs cos 
Thus, work done by a force is the dot product of force 1erg  1dyne 1cm  cos0  105 N 102 m 1
and displacement.
 1erg  107 J

In terms of rectangular component, F and s may be
(b) Gravitational units
written as
  These are also called the practical units of work.
F  Fx î  Fy ˆj  Fz kˆ and s  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ 1. Kilogram-metre (kg–m). It is the gravitational unit
  of work in SI.
From (2), W  F.s
Work done is said to be one kg–m, when a force of 1
 
W  Fx î  Fy ˆj  Fz kˆ . xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ  kg f move a body through a distance of 1 m in the
direction of the applied force.
SCAN CODE
From W  F cos  Fig. 5.2

1 kg–m = 1 kg f × 1 m × cos 0° = 9.8 N × 1 m = 9.8 (c) Zero work
 
joule, i.e., When force applied F or the displacement s or both
1kg  m  9.8 J are zero, work done W = F s cos  is zero. Again, when
 
2. Gram-centimetre (g-cm). It is the gravitational unit angle  between F and s is 90°, cos  = cos 90° = 0.
of work in cgs system. Therefore work done is zero.
Work done is said to be one g-cm, when a force of 1 For example :
g f moves a body through a distance of 1 cm. in the When we push hard against a wall, the force we exert

direction of the applied force. on the wall does no work, because s = 0. However, in
From W  Fs cos  this process, our muscles are contracting and relaxing
1 g-cm = 1 g f × 1 cm × cos 0° alternately and internal energy is being used up. That is
1 g-cm = 980 dyne × 1 cm × 1 why we do get tired.
1g  cm  980 erg And
In case of a particle moving in a circle with constant
speed the centripetal force acting on the particle is
1.3. Nature of Work Done
always perpendicular to its velocity so angle  between
Although work done is a scalar quantity, its value may  
be positive, negative or even zero, as described below: F and s is 90°, [cos  = cos 90° = 0]. Therefore, work
(a) Positive work done is zero.

As W = F. s  Fscos 
1.4. Work done by a Variable Force
 when  is acute (< 90°), cos  is positive. Hence, If the force is variable, then the work done is
work done is positive. xB
For example : W   F  dx 
xA
When a body falls freely under the action of gravity, 
= 0°, cos  = cos 0° = + 1. Therefore, work done by
gravity on a body falling freely is positive.
(b) Negative work

As W = F. s  Fscos 
  When  is obtuse (> 90°), cos  is negative. Hence,
work done is negative.
For example : Fig. 5.3
xB
When a body is thrown up, its motion is opposed by
W   area of the strip PQRS
gravity. The angle  between gravitational force and xA
the displacement is 180°. As cos  = cos 180° = –1, = total area under the curve between F and x-axis for
therefore, work done by gravity on a body moving
x  xA , xB 
upwards is negative.
W  Area ABCDA
Hence, work done by a variable force is numerically

equal to the area under the force-displacement curve
and the displacement axis.
2. KINETIC ENERGY
2.1. Introduction to Kinetic Energy:

The kinetic energy of a body is the energy possessed by
the body by virtue of its motion.
SCAN CODE
For example:
(i) A bullet fired from a gun can pierce through a
target on account of kinetic energy of the bullet.
(ii) Windmills work on the kinetic energy of air. For
example, sailing ships use the kinetic energy of
wind.
(iii) Water mills work on the kinetic energy of water.
For example, fast flowing stream has been used to
grind corn.
(iv) A nail is driven into a wooden block on account of
kinetic energy of the hammer striking the nail.
Formula for Kinetic Energy
1
K.E. of body  m v2
2
2.2. Relation Between Kinetic Energy and Linear

Momentum
Let m = mass of a body, v = velocity of the body. 3. WORK ENERGY THEOREM
 Linear momentum of the body, p = mv According to this principle, work done by net force in
1 1 displacing a body is equal to change in kinetic energy of
and K.E. of the body  mv 2 
2 2m
 m2 v2 
the body.
Thus, when a force does some work on a body, the
 p2
K.E.  kinetic energy of the body increases by the same
2m
amount. Conversely, when an opposing (retarding)
This is an important relation. It shows that a body force is applied on a body, its kinetic energy decreases.
cannot have K.E. without having linear momentum. The The decrease in kinetic energy of the body is equal to
reverse is also true. the work done by the body against the retarding force.
1 Thus, according to work energy principle, work and
Further, if p = constant, K.E  kinetic energy are equivalent quantities.
m
This is shown in figure (a) Proof : To prove the work-energy theorem, we confine
2
ourselves to motion in one dimension.
If K.E. = constant, p  m or
Suppose m = mass of a body, u = initial velocity of the
This is shown in figure (b). body, F = force applied on the body along it’s direction
2
If m = constant, p  K.E or of motion, a = acceleration produced in the body, v =
final velocity of the body after t second.
This is shown in figure (c)
Small amount of work done by the applied force on the
body, dW = F (ds) when ds is the small distance moved
by the body in the direction of the force applied.
 dv 
Now, F  ma  m  
 dt 
 dv   dv 
dW  F  ds   m   ds  m  
dt
   dt 
 ds 
dW  mv dv   v 
 dt 
Total work done by the applied force on the body in
SCAN CODE
increasing its velocity from u to v is Potential Energy and the Associated Conservative
v v v Force:
 v2 
W   mv dv  m  v dv  m   We know how to find potential energy associated with a
u u  2 u conservative force. Now we learn how to obtain the
1 1 1 conservative force if potential energy function is
W
2
 
m v2  u 2  mv2  mu 2
2 2 known. Consider work done dW by a conservative
1 force in moving a particle through an infinitely small
But mv2  K f  final K.E. of the body and 
2 path length d s as shown in the figures.
1
mu 2  K i  initial K.E. of the body
2
W  K f  K i = change in K.E. of body
i.e., work done on the body = increase in K.E. of body
4. POTENTIAL ENERGY
Fig. 5.4
4.1. Conservative and Non-Conservative Force  
dU  U f  U i  dW   F.ds   Fds cos 
Conservative force
A force is said to be conservative if work done by or From the above equation, the magnitude F of the
against the force in moving a body depends only on the conservative force can be expressed.
initial and final positions of the body, and not on the dU dU
F 
nature of path followed between the initial and the final ds cos  dr
positions.
If we assume an infinitely small displacement in the
This means, work done by or against a conservative direction of the force, magnitude of the force is given
force in moving a body over any path between fixed by the following equation.
initial and final positions will be the same.
dU
For example, gravitational force is a conservative force. F
dr
Properties of Conservative forces:
Here minus sign suggests that the force acts in the
1. Work done by or against a conservative force, in direction of decreasing potential energy.
moving a body from one position to the other
U U U
depends only on the initial position and final Also, Fx   , Fy  – , FZ  
position of the body. x y z
2. Work done by or against a conservative force does
not depend upon the nature of the path followed by 4.2 Introduction to Potential Energy
the body in going from initial position to the final The potential energy of a body is defined as the energy
position. possessed by the body by virtue of its position or
3. Work done by or against a conservative force in configuration in some conservative field.
moving a body through any round trip (i.e., closed Thus, potential energy is the energy that can be
path, where final position coincides with the initial associated with the configuration (or arrangement) of a
position of the body) is always zero. system of objects that exert forces on one another.
Non-conservative Forces Obviously, if configuration of the system changes, then
its potential energy changes.
A force is said to be non-conservative, if work done by
or against the force in moving a body from one position Two important types of potential energy are :
to another, depends on the path followed between these 1. Gravitational potential energy
two positions. 2. Elastic potential energy.
For example, frictional force is non-conservative forces. Also WC  U
WC : Work done by conservative force
SCAN CODE
4.3. Gravitational Potential Energy When the spring is compressed or elongated, it tends to
Gravitational potential energy of a body is the energy regain to its original length, on account of elasticity.
possessed by the body by virtue of its position above The force trying to bring the spring back to its original
the surface of the earth. configuration is called restoring force or spring force.
To calculate gravitational potential energy, suppose For a small stretch or compression, spring obeys
Hooke’s law.
m = mass of a body
Restoring Force  stretch or compression
g = acceleration due to gravity on the surface of earth.    
h = height through which the body is raised, as shown F   x, F   kx
in the figure. where k is a constant of the spring and is called spring
constant.
1
It is established that for a spring, k  ,

 : Natural length of spring
i.e., smaller the length of the spring, greater will be the
force constant and vice-versa.
The negative sign in equation indicates that the
restoring force is directed always towards the
equilibrium position.
Fig. 5.5 Let the body be displaced further through an
infinitesimally
If we assume that height h is not too large and the value
small distance dx, against the restoring force.
of g is practically constant over this height,
Small amount of work done in increasing the length of
Wg  mg  cos180 the spring by dx is
Wg   mgh dW = – F dx = kx dx
Total work done in giving displacement x to the body
U   Wg
can be obtained by integrating from x = 0 to x = x, i.e.,
U  mgh x x xx
 x2   x2  1
W   k x dx  k    k   0  kx 2
U B  U A  mgh x 0  2  x 0 2  2
Considering U A  0, U B  U  mgh This work done is stored in the spring at the point B in
the form of P.E
4.4. Spring Potential Energy 1 2
 P.E. at B  W  kx
Potential energy of a spring is the energy associated 2
with the state of compression or expansion of an elastic
spring.
To calculate it, consider an elastic spring OA of
negligible mass. The end O of the spring is fixed to a
rigid support and a body of mass m is attached to the
free end A. Let the spring be oriented along x–axis and Fig. 5.7
the body of mass m lies on a perfectly frictionless The variation of potential energy with distance x is
horizontal table. shown in figure
P.E.
O
A
Fig.5.6
The position of the body A, when spring is unstretched X' A X
x
is chosen as the origin.
Fig. 5.8
SCAN CODE
A
5. MECHANICAL ENERGY AND ITS
CONSERVATION x
h
The mechanical energy (E) of a body is the sum of B
kinetic energy (K) and potential energy (U) of the body
(h–x)
i.e., E  K  U C
Ground
Obviously, mechanical energy of a body is a scalar
quantity measured in joule. Fig.5.9
We can show that the total mechanical energy of a As the body is at rest at A, therefore,
system is conserved if the force, doing work on the At A : K. E. of the body = 0
system are conservative. P.E. of the body = mgh where g is acceleration due to
This is called the principle of conservation of total gravity at A.
mechanical energy. T.E. of the body  K.E  P.E  0  mgh
For simplicity, we assume the motion to be one E A  mgh .... 1

dimensional Let the body be allowed to fall freely under gravity,
only. Suppose a body undergoes a small displacement when it strikes the ground at C with a velocity v.
x under the action of a conservative force F  x  . From v 2  u 2  2as
According to work energy theorem, v2  0  2gh
change in K.E. = work done v 2  2gh ...  2 
K  F  x  .x 1 1
At C : K.E. of the body  mv 2  m(2 gh)  mgh
2 2
As the force is conservative, the potential energy
P.E. of the body = mgh = mg (0) = 0
function U  x  is defined as
Total energy of the body = K.E. + P.E.
U  F  x  .x or U   F  x  .x E C  mgh  0  mgh ...  3 
In the free fall, let the body cross any point B with a
Adding, we get K  F  x  .x velocity v1 , where AB = x
K  U,   K  U  0 From v2 – u2 = 2 as
v12  0  2(g)x .... 4
which means  K  U  E  constant 1 1
At B : K.E. of the body  mv2  m(2gx)  mgx
2 2
Height of the body at B above the ground
5.1 Illustration of the Law of Conservation of
Mechanical Energy = CB = (h – x)
P.E. of the body at B = mg (h – x)
To illustrate the law further, let us calculate kinetic
Total energy of the body at B = K.E. + P.E.
energy K.E., potential energy P.E. and total energy T.E.
of a body falling freely under gravity. EB  mgx  mg  h  x   mgx  mgh  mgx
Let m be the mass of the body held at A, at a height h EB  mgh ...  5
above the ground, as shown in the figure.
From (1), (3), (5) we find that
E A  E B  E C  mgh which proves conservation of
mechanical energy
SCAN CODE
6.1 Stable Equilibrium

6. POTENTIAL ENERGY AND
At r  r1 the potential energy function is a minima and
NATURE OF EQUILIBRIUM
the force on either side acts towards the point r  r1 . If
dU
As we know F   So, Force = negative of slope of the particle is displaced on either side and released, the
dr
force tries to restore it at r  r1 . At this location the
u versus r graph.
particle is in the state of stable equilibrium. The dip in
The state of stable and unstable equilibrium is the potential energy curve at the location of stable
associated with a point location, where the potential equilibrium is known as potential well. A particle when
energy function assumes a minimum and maximum disturbed from the state of stable equilibrium starts
value respectively, and the neutral equilibrium is oscillations about the location of stable equilibrium. At
associated with region of space, where the potential the locations of stable equilibrium, we have
energy function assumes a constant value. U F 2 U
F(r)    0; and  0; and 0
For the sake of simplicity, consider a one-dimensional r r r 2
potential energy function U of a central force F. Here r
is the radial coordinate of a particle. The central force F 6.2 Unstable Equilibrium
experienced by the particle equals to the negative of the At r  r2 the potential energy function is a maxima, the
slope of the potential energy function. Variation in the
force acts away from the point r  r2 . If the particle is
force with r is also shown in the figure.
displaced slightly on either side, it will not return to the
At locations r  r1 , r  r2 , and in the region r  r3 , location r  r2 . At this location, the particle is in the
where potential energy function assumes a minimum, a state of unstable equilibrium. At the locations of
maximum, and a constant value respectively, the force unstable equilibrium, we have
becomes zero and the particle is in the state of
U F 2U
equilibrium F(r)    0; therefore  0; and 0
r r r 2
6.3 Neutral Equilibrium

In the region r  r3 , the potential energy function is
constant and the force is zero everywhere. In this
region, the particle is in the state of neutral equilibrium.
At the locations of neutral equilibrium, we have
U F 2 U
F(r)    0 therefore  0 and 0
r r r 2
7. POWER
Power of a person or machine is defined as the time rate

at which work is done by it.
work done
i.e., Power = Rate of doing work =
time taken
Thus, power of a body measures how fast it can do the

Fig.5.10
work.
NOTE: Units of power
Force is negative of the slope of the potential energy
function The absolute unit of power in SI is watt, which is
denoted by W.
SCAN CODE
From P = W/t
1 joule
1 watt = , i.e., 1W  1Js 1
1sec
Power of a body is said to be one watt, if it can do one

joule of work in one second.
1 h.p.  746 W
NOTE:
Power is also described in terms of rate at which energy
is consumed.
dW
P
dt
  
Now, dW = F.ds, where F is the force applied and

d s is the small displacement.
 
F.d s
P
dt

ds 
But  v, the instantaneous velocity.
dt
 
P  F.v
Dimensions of power can be deduced as:
W
P
t
M1L2 T 2
 [P]    M1L2 T 3 
T1
SCAN CODE
EXERCISE – 1: BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Work 5. A ball of mass 5 kg experiences a force F = (2 x2 + x)
N. Work done in displacing the ball by 2 m from
1.  
A force of 10 iˆ  3 ˆj  6 kˆ N acts on a body of 5 kg origin is:
22 44
and displaces it from A  6 iˆ  5 ˆj  3 kˆ  m to B (a)
3
J (b)
3
J
10 iˆ  2 ˆj  7 kˆ  m . The work done is (c)

32
J (d)
16
J
(a) zero (b) 121 J 3 3
(c) 100 J (d) 221 J 6. The relationship between force and position is shown
2. A body is under the action of two equal and opposite in figure (in one dimensional case). The work done
forces, each of 3 N. The body is displaced by 2m. The by the force in displacing a body from x = 1 cm to
work done is: x = 5 cm is:
(a) + 6 J (b) – 6 J
(c) 0 (d) none of the above
3. A particle is moved from (0, 0) to (a, a) under a force

F  (3i  4 j ) from two paths. Path 1 is OP and path 2
is OQP. Let W1 and W2 be the work done by this
force in these two paths. Then: (a) 20 erg (b) 60 erg
y (c) 70 erg (d) 700 erg
P (a, a) 7. Under the action of a force, a 2 kg body moves such
that its position x as a function of time t is given by
t3
x = , where x is in metre and t in second. The
45° x 3
O Q work done by the force in the first two seconds is:
(a) W1 = W2 (b) W1 = 2W2 (a) 1600 J (b) 160 J
(c) W2 = 2W1 (d) W2 = 4W1 (c) 16 J (d) 1.6 J
8. A particle moves along the x-axis from x = 0 to
4. The net work done by the tension in the figure when
x = 5 m under the influence of a force given by
the bigger block of mass M touches the ground is:
F = 7 – 2x + 3x2. Work done in the process is:
(a) 70 (b) 270
(c) 35 (d) 135
9. A particle moves under a force F = Cx from x = 0 to
x = x1. The work done is:
Cx12
(a) Cx12 (b)
2
(c) 0 (d) Cx13
10. A particle of mass 0.5 kg is displaced from position
 
r1 (2, 3, 1) to r2 (4, 3, 2) by applying a force of
magnitude 30 N which is acting along iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  .
(a) + Mgd (b) – (M + m)gd The work done by the force is
(c) – mgd (d) zero (a) 10 3 J (b) 30 3 J
(c) 30 J (d) none of these
11. A box is dragged across a floor by a rope which

makes an angle of 45° with the horizontal. The
tension in the rope is 100 N while the box is dragged
10 m. The work done is:
(a) 607.1 J (b) 707.1 J
(c) 1414.2 J (d) 900 J
 mgd  mgd cos 
12. A horizonal force F pulls a 10 kg carton across the (a) (b)
cos    sin  cos    sin 
floor at a constant speed. If the coefficient of sliding
friction between carton and floor is 0.50, the work  mgd sin   mgd cos 
(c) (d)
done by F in moving the carton through 5 m is: [take cos    sin  cos    sin 
g =10 ms-2 ] 18. A uniform chain of length L and mass M is lying on a
(a) 196 J (b) 210.5 J smooth table and one third of its length is hanging
vertically down over the edge of the table. If g is
(c) 245 J (d) 254 J
 acceleration due to gravity, work required to pull the
13. The work done by a force F  6 x 3 iˆ   N is hanging part on to the table is
displacing a particle from x = 4 m to x = –2 m is MgL
(a) MgL (b)
(a) – 240 J 3
(b) 360 J MgL MgL
(c) (d)
(c) 420 J 9 18
(d) will depend upon the path 19. A car covers a distance of 10 km along an inclined
14. A body of mass 500 g is taken up an inclined plane of plane under the action of a horizontal force of 5 N.
length 10 m and height 5 m, and then released to slide The work done on car is 25 kJ. The inclination of the
down to the bottom. The coefficient of friction plane to horizontal is:
between the body and the plane is 0.1. What is the (a) 0° (b) 30°
amount of work done by friction in the round trip? (c) 60° (d) 90°
(a) 5 J (b) 15 J Kinetic Energy
5 20. The P.E. and KE of a helicopter flying horizontally at
(c) 5 3 J (d) J
3 a height 400 m are in the ratio 5 : 2. The velocity of
15. A mass M is lowered with the help of a string by a helicopter is
g (a) 28 m/s (b) 14 m/s
distance x at a constant acceleration . The (c) 56 m/s (d) 30 m/s
2

magnitude of work done by the string will be:  
21. A 120 g mass has a velocity v  2 iˆ  5 ˆj ms 1 at a
1 2 certain instant. K.E. of the body at that instant is
(a) Mgx (b) Mgx
2 (a) 3.0 J (b) 1.74 J
1 2 (c) 4.48 J (d) 5.84 J
(c) Mgx (d) Mgx
2 22. A body is moving under the action of a force.
16. The work done by pseudo forces is Suddenly, force is increased to such an extent that its
(a) positive (b) negative kinetic energy is increased by 100%. The momentum
increases by:
(c) zero (d) all of these
(a) 100% (b) 60%
17. A block of mass m is pulled along a horizontal
(c) 40% (d) 20%
surface by applying a force at an angle q with the
horizontal. If the block travels with a uniform 23. A man has a box of weight 10 kg. The energy of the
velocity and has a displacement d and the coefficient box, when the man runs with a constant velocity of
of friction is m, then the work done by the applied 2 m/sec along with the box behind the bus, is:
force is (a) 10 joule (b) 30 joule
(c) 20 joule (d) 2 joule
24. What is the shape of the graph between the speed and (a) 3.4 × 103 newton
kinetic energy of a body? (b) 5.2 × 103 newton
(a) straight line (b) hyperbola (c) 4.0 × 103 newton
(c) parabola (d) exponential (d) 3.6 × 103 newton
25. If the linear momentum is increased by 50%, then 31. How much work must be done by a force on 50 kg
kinetic energy will be increased by:
body in order to accelerate it from rest to 20 m/s in
(a) 50% (b) 100% 10 s?
(c) 125% (d) 25% (a) 103 J (b) 104 J
26. A running man has half the KE that a boy of half his 3
(c) 2 × 10 J (d) 4 × 104 J
mass has. The man speeds up by 1m/s and then has
32. The displacement of a body of mass 2 kg varies with
the same KE as that of boy. The original speeds of
time t as s = t2 + 2t, where s is in meters and t is in
man and boy in m/s are:
seconds. The work done by all the forces acting on
(a) ( 2  1), ( 2  1) (b) ( 2  1), 2( 2  1) the body during the time interval t = 2s to t = 4s is
(c) 2, 2 (d) ( 2  1), 2( 2 1) (a) 36 J (b) 64 J
27. An object moving horizontally with kinetic energy of (c) 100 J (d) 120 J
800 J experiences a constant opposing force of 100 N 33. An object of mass m is allowed to fall from rest along
while moving from a to b (where ab = 2m). The a rough inclined plane. The speed of the object on
energy of particle at b is: reaching the bottom of the plane is proportional to
(a) 700 J (b) 400 J (a) m0 (b) m
(c) 600 J (d) 300 J
(c) m 2 (d) m 1
28. A particle moves on a rough horizontal ground with
34. A spring of spring constant 1000 N/m is compressed
3
some initial velocity v 0 . If th of its K.E. is lost in through 5 cm and is used to push a metal ball of mass
4 0.1 kg. The velocity with which the metal ball moves
friction in time t0, the coefficient of friction between is
the particle and the ground is
(a) 5 m/s (b) 7.5 m/s
v v
(a) 0 (b) 0 (c) 10 m/s (d) 2.5 m/s
2 gt0 4 gt0
35. A block of mass 4 kg falls from a height of 3 m on a
3 v0 v spring of force constant l500 N/m. Calculate
(c) (d) 0
4 gt0 gt0 maximum compression of spring (g = 9.8 N/kg)
(a) 1.35 m (b) 0.42 m
Work Energy Theorem
(c) 0.735 m (d) 0.676 m
29. A particle of mass 0.l kg is subjected to a force which
varies with distance as shown in figure. If it starts its 36. A truck weighing 1000 kg changes its speed from
journey from rest at x = 0, its velocity at x = 12 m is 36 km/h to 72 km/h in 2 minutes. Thus, the work
done by the engine on the truck is:
(a) 2.5 × 105 J (b) 3.5 × 105 J
(c) 1.5 × 105 J (d) 5.5 × 105 J
37. The work done in time t on a body of mass m which
is accelerated from rest to a speed v in time t1 as a
function of time t is given by:
1 v 2 v
(a) m t (b) m t 2
(a) 0 m/s (b) 40 m/s 2 t1 t1
(c) 20 2 m / s (d) 20 m/s 2
1  mv  2 1 v2 2
30. What average force is necessary to stop a bullet of (c)   t (d) m t
2  t1  2 t12
mass 20 gm and speed 250 m/sec as it penetrates
wood to a distance of 12 cm:
38. What average force is necessary to stop a bullet of 41. A block of mass 0.5 kg has an initial velocity of 10
mass 20 gm and speed 250 m/sec as it penetrates m/s. down an inclined plane of angle 30°, the
wood to a distance of 12 cm: coefficient of friction between the block and the
(a) 3.4 × 103 newton (b) 5.2 × 103 newton inclined surface is 0.2. The velocity of the block after
(c) 4.0 × 103 newton (d) 3.6 × 103 newton it travels a distance of 10 m is:
(a) 17 m/s (b) 13 m/s
39. A particle at rest on a frictionless table is acted upon
by a horizontal force which is constant in magnitude (c) 24 m/s (d) 8 m/s
and direction. A graph is plotted of the work done on 42. A block is moved from rest through a distance of 4 m
the particle W, against the speed of the particle v. If along a straight-line path. The mass of the block is 5
there are no frictional forces acting on the particle, kg and the force acting on it is 20 N. If kinetic energy
the graph will look like: acquired by the block be 40 J, at what angle to the
(a) path is the force acting?
(a) 30o (b) 60o
o
(c) 45 (d) 0o
W 43. A particle is moving in a conservative force field
from point A to point B. UA and UB are the potential
energies of the particle at point A and B and WC is
v the work done by conservative forces in the process
(b) of taking the particle from A to B:
(a) WC = UB – UA (b) WC = UA – UB
W (c) UA > UB (d) UB > UA
44. Work done by the conservative forces on a system is
equal to
(a) the change in kinetic energy of the system
v
(b) negative of the change in potential energy of the
(c)
system
(c) the change in total mechanical energy of the
W system
(d) none of these
Potential Energy
v
45. If we shift a body in equilibrium from A to C in a
(d) gravitational field via path AC or ABC
v
40. A body of mass 2 kg is moved from a point A to a

point B by an external agent in a conservative force (a) the work done by the force F for both paths will
field. If the velocity of the body at the points A and B be same
are 5 m/s and 3 m/s respectively and the work done (b) WAC > WABC
by the external agent is –10 J, then the change in (c) WAC < WABC
potential energy between points A and B is (d) None of the above
(a) 6 J (b) 36 J 46. A meter stick of mass 400 g is pivoted at one end and
displaced through an angle 60°. The increase in its
(c) 16 J (d) none of these potential energy is:
(a) 1 J (b) 10 J
(c) 100 J (d) 1000 J
47. A man weighing 60 kg lifts a body of mass 15 kg to mg

(c) (d) 2 mg 
the top of a building 10 m high in 3 minutes. His 4
efficiency is Conservation of Mechanical Energy
(a) 20% (b) 10% 54. A toy gun uses a spring of very large value of force
(c) 30% (d) 40% constant k. When charged before triggering in the
48. A spring of spring constant 8 N/cm has an extension upward direction, the spring is compressed by a small
of 5 cm. The minimum work done in joule in distance x. If mass of shot is m, on being triggered it
will go up to a height of:
increasing the extension from 5 cm to 15 cm is
kx 2 x2
(a) 16 J (b) 8 J (a) (b)
mg kmg
(c) 4 J (d) 32 J
kx 2 ( kx ) 2
49. The potential energy of a certain spring when (c) (d)
2 mg mg
stretched through a distance ‘S’ is 10 joules. The
amount of work (in joule) that must be done on this 55. A body is attached to the lower end of a vertical spiral
spring to stretch it through an additional distance ‘S’ spring and it is gradually lowered to its equilibrium
position. This stretches the spring by a length d. If the
will be: same body attached to the same spring is allowed to
(a) 30 (b) 40 fall suddenly, what would be the maximum stretching
(c) 10 (d) 20 in this case?
(a) d (b) 2d
50. The force required to stretch a spring varies with the
distance as shown in the figure. If the experiment is 1
(c) 3d (d) d
performed with the above spring of half the length, 2
the line OA will: 56. A sphere of mass 2 kg is moving on a frictionless
horizontal table with velocity v. It strikes with a
spring (force constant = 1 N/m) and compresses it by
4 m. The velocity (v) of the sphere is:
(a) 4 m/s (b) 2 2 m/s
(c) 2 m/s (d) 2 m/s
(a) shift towards F–axis 57. An elastic string of unstretched length L and force
constant k is stretched by a small length x. It is
(b) shift towards X–axis
further stretched by another small length y. The work
(c) remain as it is done in the second stretching is
(d) become double in length 1 1
(a) ky 2 (b) k  x 2  y 2 
51. Two springs have their force constants k1 and k2. 2 2
Both are stretched till their elastic energies are equal. 1 1 2
(c) ky  2 x  y  (d) k  x  y 
Then, ratio of stretching forces F1/F2 is equal to: 2 2
(a) k1: k2 (b) k2 : k1 58. A block of mass 0.5 kg has an initial velocity of 10
m/s down an inclined plane 30°, the coefficient of
(c) k1 : k2 (d) k22 : k12
friction between the block and the inclined surface is
52. On changing the length of a spring by 0.1 m there is a 0.2. The velocity of the block after it travels a
change of 5 J in its potential energy. The force distance of 10 m figure is
constant of the spring is:
(a) 80 Nm-1 (b) 10.0 Nm-1
(c) 90 Nm-1 (d) 1000 Nm-1
53. A rod of mass m and length  is lying on a horizontal
table. Work done in making it stand on one end will
be:
mg (a) 17 m/s (b) 13 m/s
(a) mg  (b)
2 (c) 24 m/s (d) 8 m/s
59. A coconut of mass 1.0 kg falls to earth from a height

of 10 m. The kinetic energy of the coconut, when it is A
4 m above ground is:
(a) 0.588 joule (b) 58.8 joule B
(c) 5.88 joule (d) 588 joule (a) 6 m/s (b) 1 m/s
60. Calculate the K.E. and P.E. of the ball halfway up, (c) 2 m/s (d) 8 m/s
when a ball of mass 0.1 kg is thrown vertically 67. A body of mass m was slowly pulled up the hill by a
upwards with an initial speed of 20 ms–1. force F which at each point was directed along the
(a) 10 J, 20 J (b) 10 J, 10 J tangent to the trajectory. All surfaces are smooth.
(c) 15 J, 8 J (d) 8 J, 16 J Find the work performed by this force:
61. If a body of mass 3 kg is dropped from top of a tower
of height 250 m, then its kinetic energy after 3 sec.
will be
(a) 1126 J (b) 1048 J F h
(c) 735 J (d) 1296.5 J m
62. A body of mass 2 kg moves down the quadrant of a
circle of radius 4 m. The velocity on reaching the
lowest point is 8 m/s. What is work done against (a) mg  (b) – mg 
friction? (c) mgh (d) zero
68. A particle is released from the top of two inclined
rough surfaces of height ‘h’ each. The angle of
inclination of the two planes are 30° and 60°
respectively. All other factors (e.g. coefficient of
friction, mass of block etc.) are same in both the
cases. Let K1 and K2 be kinetic energies of the
particle at the bottom of the plane in two cases. Then
(a) K1 = K2 (b) K1 > K2
(a) 14.4 J (b) 28.8 J (c) K1 < K2 (d) data insufficient
(c) 64 J (d) Zero 69. A particle is released from a height H. At certain
63. The KE of a 500-gram stone is 100 J. Against a force height its kinetic energy is two times its potential
of 50 N, how long will it travel? energy. Height and speed of particle at that instant are
(a) 0.2 s (b) 0.1 s H 2 gH H gH
(a) , (b) , 2
(c) 0.3 s (d) 0.4 s 3 3 3 3
64. If water falls from a dam into a turbine wheel 19.6 m 2H 2 gH H
below, then velocity of water at turbine, is (c) , (d) , 2 gH
3 3 3
(Take g = 9.8 m/s2)
70. A body is falling with velocity 1 m/s at a height 3 m
(a) 9.8 m/s (b) 19.6 m/s from the ground. The speed at height 2 m from the
(c) 39.2 m/s (d) 98.0 m/s ground will be:
65. Three particles A, B and C are projected from the top (a) 4.54 m/s (b) 1 m/s
of a tower with the same speed. A is thrown straight (c) 6 m/s (d) 5.32 m/s
upwards B straight down and C horizontally. They hit
the ground with speeds vA, vB and vC, then which of 71. If v be the instantaneous velocity of the body dropped
the following is correct: from the top of a tower, when it is located at height h,
(a) vA = vB > vC (b) vA = vB = vC then which of the following remains constant?
(c) vA > vB = vC (d) vB > vC > vA v2
(a) gh + v2 (b) gh +
66. A pendulum of length 2 m left at A. When it reaches 2
B, it loses 10% of its total energy due to air v2
resistance. The velocity at B is: (c) gh – (d) gh – v2
2
Potential Energy Graphs Power

72. The potential energy of a particle is represented in the 75. A pump of 200 W power is lifting 2 kg water from an
figure. The force acting on the system will be average depth of 10 m per second. Velocity of water
delivered by the pump is (g = 9.8 m/s2)
represented by
(a) 3 m/s (b) 2 m/s
(c) 4 m/s (d) 1 m/s
76. A machine gun fires 360 bullets per minute, with a
velocity of 600 m/s. If the power of the gun is 5.4
kW, mass of each bullet is (assume 100% efficiency)
(a) 5 kg (b) 0.5 kg
(a) (b)
(c) 5 g (d) 0.5 g
77. A train of mass 100 ton is moving up an incline of 1
in 100 at a constant speed of 36 km ph. If the friction
per ton is 100 N, then power of the engine is
(c) (d)
(a) 198 kW (b) 96 kW
(c) 298 kW (d) 398 kW
73. The diagrams represent the potential energy (U) of a 78. The power of a water pump is 2 kW. If g = 10 m/s2,
function of the inter-atomic distance r. Which the amount of water it can raise in one minute to a
diagram corresponds to stable molecules found in
height of 10 m is
nature.
(a) 2000 litre (b) 1000 litre
(c) 100 litre (d) 1200 litre
79. A man is riding on a cycle with velocity 7.2 km/hr up
a hill having a slope 1 in 20. Total mass of the man
(a) (b)
and cycle is 100 kg. The power of man is:
(a) 98 W (b) 49 W
(c) 196 W (d) 147 W
80. Power applied to a particle varies with time as
P = (3t2 – 2t + 1) W, where t is in second. Find the
(c) (d) change in its kinetic energy between time t = 2s and
t = 4s.
74. The potential energy of a particle varies with distance (a) 32 J (b) 46 J
x as shown in the graph. (c) 61 J (d) 102 J
The force acting on the particle is zero at

(a) C (b) B
(c) B and C (d) A and D
EXERCISE – 2: PREVIOUS YEARS JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

1. The potential energy (U) of a diatomic molecule is a
function dependent on r (interatomic distance) as
 
U   3 Where,  and  are positive
r10 r 5
constants. The equilibrium distance between two
a /b
 2 
atoms will be   , where a/b is in lowest form
   (a)
and a=_________________, (2021)
2. Two solids A and B of mass 1 kg and 2 kg
respectively are moving with equal linear
momentum. The ratio of then kinetic energies
A
( KE ) A : ( KE ) B will be so the value of A will be
1 (b)
(2021)
3. As shown in the figure, a particle of mass 10 kg is
placed at a point A. When the particle is slightly
displaced to its right, it starts moving and reaches the
point B. The speed of the particle at B is x m/s.
(c)
(d)
6. A boy is rolling a 0.5 kg ball on the frictionless floor
 Take g  10 m / s 
2
with the speed of 20 m/s. The ball gets deflected by
The value of ‘x’ to the nearest integer is……… an obstacle on the way. After deflection it moves
(2021) with 5 % of its initial kinetic energy. What is the
4. A ball of mass 4 kg, moving with a velocity of
speed of the ball now? (2021)
10 ms 1 , collides with a spring of length 8 m and
force constant 100 Nm  1 . The length of the (a) 19.0 m / s (b) 4.47 m / s
compressed spring is x in m. The value of x, to the
(c) 14.41 m / s (d) 1.00 m / s
nearest integer, is (2021)
5. A particle of mass m moves in a circular orbit under 7. The constant power delivering machine has towed a
C box, which was initially at rest, along a horizontal
the central potential field, U (r )   , where C is a
r
straight line. The distance moved by the box in time
positive constant. The correct radius - velocity graph
of the particle's motion is: (2021) ‘t’ is proportional to: (2021)
(a) t 1/ 2 (b) t 2 / 3
(c) t (d) t 3 / 2
8. A particle experiences a variable force


 2

F  4 xiˆ  3 y ˆj in a horizontal x-y plane. Assume
distance in meters and force in newton. If the particle
moves from point (1, 2) to point (2, 3) in the x-y plane,
then Kinetic Energy changes by (JEE Main 2022)
(c)
(a) 50.0 J (b) 12.5 J
(c) 25.0 J (d) 0 J
9. Potential energy as a function of r is given by
A B
U  10  5 , where r is the interatomic distance. A
r r
and B are positive constant. The equilibrium distance (d)
between the two atoms will be (JEE Main 2022)
11. Arrange the four graphs in descending order of total
1/5 1/5
 A B work done; where W1, W2, W3 and W4 are the work
(a)   (b)  
B  A done corresponding to figure a, b, c and d respectively.
1/5 1/5 (JEE Main 2022)
 2A   B 
(c)   (d)  
 B   2A 
10. A ball is released from rest from point P of a smooth
semi-spherical vessel as shown in figure. The ratio of
the centripetal force and normal reaction on the ball at
point Q is A while angular position of point Q is α with
respect to point P. which of the following graphs
represented the correct relation between A and when
ball goes from Q to R? (JEE Main 2022)
(a)
(a) W3 > W2 > W1 > W4

(b)
(b) W3 > W2 > W4 > W1
(c) W2 > W3 > W4 > W1
(d) W2 > W3 > W1 > W4
12. One end of a massless spring of spring constant k and v v

(a) (b)
natural length I0 is fixed while the other end is 2 2 2
connected to a small object of mass m lying on a
frictionless table. The spring remains horizontal on the v v
(c) (d)
table. If the object is made to rotate at an angular 4 2
velocity  about an axis passing trough fixed end, then 16. A body of mass 8 kg and another of mass 2 kg are
the elongation of the spring will be moving with equal kinetic energy. The ratio of their
(JEE Main 2022) respective momenta will be: (JEE Main 2022)
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
k  m 2 l0 m 2l0
(a) (b) (c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1
m 2 k  m 2
17. Sand is being dropped from a stationary dropper at a
m 2 l0 k  m 2
(c) (d) rate of 0.5 kgs–1 on a conveyor belt moving with a
k  m 2 m 2 velocity of 5ms–1. The power needed to keep belt
13. A ball is spun with angular acceleration   6t 2  2t moving with the same velocity will be :
where t is in second and α is in rad s–2 at t = 0, the ball (JEE Main 2022)
has angular velocity of 10 rad s–1 and angular position (a) 1.25 W (b) 2.5 W
of 4 rad. The most appropriate expression for the
(c) 6.25 W (d) 12.5 W
angular position of the ball is: (JEE Main 2022)
18. A bullet of mass 200 g having initial kinetic energy 90
3 t 4 t3 J is shot inside a long swimming pool as shown in the
(a) t 4  t 2  10t (b)   10t  4
2 2 3 figure. If it’s kinetic energy reduces to 40 J within 1s,
the minimum length of the pool, the bullet has a to
2t 4 t 3 t3
(c)   10t  12 (d) 2t 4   5t  4 travel so that it completely comes to rest is
3 6 2
(JEE Main 2022)
14. In the given figure, the block of mass m is dropped
from the point ‘A’. The expression for kinetic energy
of block when it reached point ‘B’ is
(JEE Main 2022)
(a) 45 m (b) 90 m
(c) 125 m (d) 25 m
19. A ball is projected with kinetic energy E, at an angle of
60° to the horizontal. The kinetic energy of this ball at
the highest point of its flight will become:
(JEE Main 2022)
(a) Zero (b) E/2
1 1
(a) mgy02 (b) mgy 2 (c) E/4 (d) E
2 2
20. A body of mass 0.5 kg travels on straight line path with
(c) mg  y  y0  (d) mgy0
15. As per the given figure, two blocks each of mass 250g
 
velocity v  3x 2  4 m/s. The net work done by the
are connected to a spring of spring constant 2Nm–1. If force during its displacement from x = 0 to x = 2m is:
both are given velocity v in opposite directions, then
maximum elongation of the spring is: (JEE Main 2022)
(JEE Main 2022) (a) 64 J (b) 60 J
(c) 120 J (d) 128 J

21. bag of sand of mass 9.8 kg is suspended by a rope. A (D) Work done by an applied force on a body moving
bullet of 200g travelling with speed 10 ms–1 gets on a rough horizontal plane with uniform velocity
embedded in it, then loss of kinetic energy will be in zero.
(JEE Main 2022) (E) Work done by the air resistance on an oscillating
(a) 4.9 J (b) 9.8 J pendulum in negative.
(c) 14.7 J (d) 19.6 J Choose the correct answer from the options given
below: (JEE Main 2023)
22. A ball of mass 100 g is dropped from a height h = 10
cm on a platform fixed at the top of a vertical spring (a) B and E only (b) A and C only
(as shown in figure). The ball stays on the platform and (c) B, D and E only (d) B and D only
h 3 x
the platform is depressed by a distance . The spring 26. The ratio of powers of two motors is , that are
2
x 1
constant is __________ Nm . (use g = 10 ms–2)
capacble of raising 300 kg water in 5 minutes and 50
(JEE Main 2022) kg water in 2 minutes respectively from a well of 100
m deep. The value of x will be (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 16 (b) 2:4
(c) 2 (d) 4
27. Two bodies are having kinetic energies in the ratio 16 :
9. If they have same linear momentum, the ratio of
23. A 0.5 kg block moving at a speed of 12 ms–1 their masses respectively is: (JEE Main 2023)
compresses a spring through a distance 30 cm when its (a) 4 : 3 (b) 9 : 16
speed is halved. The spring constant of the spring will (c) 3 : 4 (d) 16 : 9
be ___ Nm–1 (JEE Main 2022)
28. A spherical body of mass 2 kg starting from rest
24. The pendulum is suspended by a string a length 250 acquires a kinetic energy of 10000 J at the end of 5th
cm. The mass of the bob of the pendulum is 200g. The second. The force acted on the body is ____ N.
bob is pulled aside until the string is at 60° with
(JEE Main 2023)
vertical as shown in the figure. After releasing the bob,
the maximum velocity attained by the bob will be ____ 29. A body of mass 1 kg begins to move under the action

ms–1. (JEE Main 2022)  
of a time dependent force F  tiˆ  3t 2 ˆj N where iˆ
and ĵ are the unit vectors along x and y axis. The

power developed by above force, at the time t = 2s.
will be _______W. (JEE Main 2023)
30. A 0.4 kg mass takes 8s to reach ground when dropped
from a certain height ‘P’ above surface of earth. The
25. Identify the correct statements from the following: loss of potential energy in the last second of fall is
____ J. [Take g = 10 m/s2] (JEE Main 2023)
(A) Work done by a man in lifting a bucket out of a
well by means of a rope tied to the bucket is 31. A body of mass 2 kg is initially at rest. It starts moving
negative. unidirectionally under the influence of a source of
1
(B) Work done by gravitational force in lifting a constant power P. Its displacement in 4s is  2 Pm .
bucket out of a well by a rope tied to the bucket is 3
negative. The value of α will be …… (JEE Main 2023)
(C) Work done by friction on a body sliding down an 32. A lift of mass M = 500 kg is descending with speed of
inclined plane is positive. 2ms 1 . Its supporting cable begins to slip thus
allowing it to fall with a constant acceleration of
2ms 2 . The kinetic energy of the lift at the end of fall
through to a distance of 6m will be (JEE Main 2023)
33. A small particle mves to position 5iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ from its 40. If the maximum load carried by an elevator is 1400 kg
(600 kg - Passengers + 800 kg - elevator), which is
initial position 2iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ under the action of force moving up with a uniform speed of 3 ms–1 and the
ˆ . The value of work done will be _____J.
5iˆ  2 ˆj  7kN frictional force acting on it is 2000 N, then the
maximum power used by the motor is ______ kW (g =
(JEE Main 2023) 10 m/s2) (JEE Main 2023)
34. A force F   5  3 y 2  acts on a particle in the y 
41. A force F   2  3x  iˆ acts on particle in the x direction
direction, where F is newton and y is in meter. The where F is in newton and x is in meter. The work done
work done by the force during a displacement from y = by this force during a displacement from x = 0 to x =
2m to y = 5m is . (JEE Main 2023) 4m, is ______ J. (JEE Main 2023)
35. A particle of mass 10 g moves in a straight line with 42. A block of mass 5 kg starting from rest pulled up on a
retardation 2x, where x is the displacement in SI units. smooth incline plane making an angle of 30° with
Its loss of kinetic energy for above displacement is horizontal with an affective acceleration of 1 ms–2.
n
 10  The power delivered by the pulling force at t = 0 s
  J . The value of n will be _____________
 x  from the start is _________ W
(JEE Main 2023) [use g = 10 ms–2]
36. A body is dropped on ground from a height 'h1' and (calculate the nearest integer value)
after hitting the ground, it rebounds to a height 'h2'. If (JEE Main 2023)
the ratio of velocities of the body just before and after 43. To maintain a speed of 80 km/h by a bus of mass 500
hitting ground is 4, then percentage loss in kinetic kg on a plane rough road for 4 km distance, the work
x done by the engine of the bus will be ______ KJ. [The
energy of the body is . The value of x is ______.
4 coefficient of friction between tyre of bus and road is
(JEE Main 2023) 0.04.] (JEE Main 2023)
37. The momentum of a body is increased by 50%. The 44. A block of mass 10 kg is moving along x-axis under
percentage increase in the kinetic energy of the body is the action of force F = 5x N. The work done by the
__________%. (JEE Main 2023) force in moving the block from x = 2m to 4m will be
38. A body of mass 5 kg is moving with a momentum of _________ J. (JEE Main 2023)
10 kg ms–1. Now a force of 2N acts on the body in the 45. A car accelerates from rest to u m/s. The energy spent
direction of its motion for 5 s. The increase in the in this process is E J. The energy required to accelerate
Kinetic energy of the body is __________ J. the car from u m/s to 2u m/s is nEJ. The value of n is
(JEE Main 2023) _________. (JEE Main 2023)
39. A hollow speherical ball of uniform density rolls up a

curved surface with an initial velocity 3 m/s (as shown
in figure). Maximum height with respect to the initial
position covered by it will be _____ cm (take
g  10 m / s 2 ) (JEE Main 2023)
EXERCISE – 3: ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] 280 140
(a) (b)
5 5
1. Force acting on a particle is 2i  3 j N. Work done by
  232 192
(c) (d)
this force is zero, when a particle is moved on the line 5 5
3y + kx = 5. Here, value of k is: 6. If a person is pushing a box inside a moving train with
(a) 2 (b) 4 
a force F , the work done in the frame of the earth will
(c) 6 (d) 8 be:
2. A small block of mass m is kept on a rough inclined    
(a) F . s0 (b) F . s
surface of inclination  fixed in an elevator. The   
elevator goes up with a uniform velocity v and the (c) F .  s  s0  (d) Zero
block does not slide on the wedge. The work done by 
(where s is the displacement of the box in the train
the force of friction on the block in a time t will be: 
2
and s0 is the displacement of the train relative to the
(a) Zero (b) mgvt cos 
ground.)
2 1 7. A body is lifted over route I and then route II such that
(c) mgvt sin  (d) mgvt sin2
2 force is always tangent to the path. Coefficient of
3. A plank of mass 10 kg and a block of mass 2 kg are friction is same for both the paths. Work done
placed on a horizontal plane as shown in the figure.
2 kg
10 kg 60 N
There is no friction between plane and plank. The
coefficient of friction between block and plank is 0.5,
(a) on both the routes is same
A force of 60 N is applied on plank horizontally In
first 2 s the work done by the friction on the block is: (b) on route I is more
(a) – 100 J (b) 100 J (c) on route II is more
(c) zero (d) 200 J (d) on both the routes is zero
 8. An object of mass m is tied to a string of length l and a
4. A force of F  2 xi  2 j  3 z 2 k N is acting on a variable horizontal force is applied on it, which starts
particle. Find the work done by this force in displacing at zero and gradually increases (it is pulled extremely
the body from (1, 2, 3) m to (3, 6, 1) m. slowly so that equilibrium exists at all times) until the
(a) –10 J (b) 100 J string makes an angle  with the vertical. Work done
(c) 10 J (d) 1 J by the force F is:

5. A force F   3xy  5 z  j  4 zk is applied on a particle.
The work done by the force when the particle moves
from point (0, 0, 0) to point (2, 4, 0) as shown in the
figure is
(a) mgl (1 – sin ) (b) mgl

(c) mgl (1 – cos ) (d) mgl (1 – tan )
9. A particle moves along the x–axis from x= x1 to x = x2 b 2a
(a) (b)
under the influence of a force given by F = 2x. Work 2a b
done in the process is
2b a
(a) zero (b) x22  x12 (c) (d)
a 2b
(c) 2x2 (x2 – x1) (d) 2x1 (x1 – x2) 14. A uniform chain AB of mass m and length  is placed
10. Velocity time graph of a particle of mass 2 kg moving with one end A at the highest point of a hemisphere of
in a straight line is as shown in figure. Work done by radius R. Referring to the top of the hemisphere as the
all forces on the particle is: datum level, the potential energy of the chain is (given
R
that   )
2
(a) 400 J (b) –400 J mR 2 g    mR 2 g   

(a)   sin  (b)   sin 
(c) –200 J (d) 200 J  R R 2  R R
11. Work done by a conservative force on a system is
mR 2 g    mR 2 g   
equal to (c)  sin   (d)    sin 
2  R R  R R
(a) the change in kinetic energy of the system
15. The given plot shows the variation of U, the potential
(b) the change in potential energy of the system
energy of interaction between two particles, with the
(c) the change in total mechanical energy of the system distance separating them, r
(d) none of the above
12. A chain (uniform) of mass m and length  has a small
block of mass M attached to one of its ends and hangs
from the surface of a table, with one-third its length
resting on it. It is pulled by a constant horizontal force
to lift the block slowly to the table surface. The work
done by the force is 1. B and D are equilibrium points.
2. C is a point of stable equilibrium.
3. The force of interaction between the two particles is
attractive between points C and B, and repulsive
between points D and E on the curve.
4. The force of interaction between the particles is
repulsive between points C and A.
Which of the above statements are correct?
 2   m   g 
(a) (M + m)g   (b)  M     (a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
 3  3  3 
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 2 and 3
 g   m   2g 
(c)  M  m    (d)  M     16. The potential energy function associated with the force
 3   3  3  
F  4 xy i  2 x 2 j is
13. A particle located in a one-dimensional potential field
2 2
a b (a) U = –2x y (b) U = –4x y + constant
has its potential energy function as U(x) = 4  2 2
x x (c) U = 2x y + constant (d) not defined
where a and b are positive constants. The position of
equilibrium x-corresponds to
17. The potential energy for a force field is given by 22. A man raises 1 kg wt. to a height of 100 cm and
U (x, y) = cos (x + y). The force acting on a particle at holds it there for 30 minutes. How much work has he
  performed?
position given by coordinates  0,  is
 4 (a) 1 × 9.8 J (b) 1 × 9.8 × 30 × 60 J
1 1 (c) 1 × 9.8 × 30 J (d) 1 × 9.8 × 30 erg.
(a) 
2
 i  j  (b)
2
 i  j  23. A ball is dropped from a height of 20 cm. Ball
rebounds to a height of 10 cm. What is the loss of
1 3  1 3 
(c)  i  j (d)  i  j energy?
2 2  2 2 
  (a) 25% (b) 75%
18. In the given figure the variation of potential energy
(c) 50% (d) 100%
of a particle of mass m = 2 kg is represented w.r.t. its
x-coordinate. The particle moves under the effect of 24. A machine, which is 75% efficient, uses 12 J of
the conservative force along the x-axis. which of the energy in lifting up a 1 kg mass through a certain
following statements is incorrect about the particle? distance. The mass is then allowed to fall through
that distance. the velocity at the end of its fall is
–1
(in ms )
(a) 24 (b) 32
(c) 18 (d) 9
25. A rope ladder with a length l carrying a man with a
mass m at its end is attached to the basket of balloon
with a mass M. The entire system is in equilibrium in
(a) If it is released at the origin, it will move in
the air. As the man climbs up the ladder into the
negative x-axis
balloon, the balloon descends by a height h. Then the
(b) If it is released at x = 2 +  where   0, then its potential energy of the man
maximum speed will be 5 m/s and it will perform
(a) increases by mg (l – h)
oscillatory motion
(b) increases by mgl
(c) If initially x = –10 and then it will cross x = 10
(c) increase by mgh
(d) x = –5 and x = +5 are unstable equilibrium
positions of the particle (d) increases by mg (2l – h)
19. The potential energy for a body of mass m that is 26. The force acting on a body moving along x–axis
acted on by a very massive body is given by varies with the position of the particle as shown in
kx 3 the figure. The body is in stable equilibrium at:
U  mgx  . The corresponding force is
3
2 2
(a) – mg + kx (b) mg – kx
(c) mg – kx (d) – mg + kx
20. A ball is released from the top of a tower. The ratio
of work done by force of gravity in first, second and
third second of the motion of ball is
(a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 4 : 16 (a) x = x1 (b) x = x2
(c) 1 : 3 : 5 (d) 1 : 9 : 25 (c) both x1 and x2 (d) neither x1 nor x2
21. A man throws the bricks to a height of 12 m where
27. If the speed of a vehicle increases by 2 m/s, its K.E.
they reach with a speed of 12 m/s. If he throws the
is doubled. The original speed of the vehicle was
bricks such that they just reach that height, what
percentage of energy will be saved (g = 9.8 m/s2) (a)  
2 1 m / s (b) 2  
2 1 m / s
(a) 29% (b) 46%
(c) 37.5% (d) 50%
(c) 2  
2 1 m / s (d) 2 m / s.
28. A particle moves in a straight line with retardation
proportional to its displacement. Its loss of KE for any
displacement x is proportional to
2
(a) x (b) x
0 x
(c) x (d) e
29. An engine pumps water continuously through a hole.
Speed with which water passes through the hole nozzle
is v and k is the mass per unit length of the water jet as
it leaves the nozzle. Find the rate at which kinetic (a) x0 (b) 2x0
energy is being imparted to the water.
(c) 3x0 (d) 1.5x0
1 1
(a) kv 2 (b) kv 3 32. A spring of stiffness k is kept compressed by applying
2 2
 mg 
horizontal force on m by a length x0    . If the
v2 v3  k 
(c) (d)
2k 2k force F is withdrawn suddenly, the block oscillates and
finally stops. In consequence, frictional loss is equal to
30. A block of 4 kg mass starts at rest and slides a distance
50% of the initial potential energy stored in the spring.
d down a frictionless incline (angle 30°) where it runs
The coefficient of friction the between block and the
into a spring of negligible mass. The block slides an
ground is
additional 25 cm before it is brought to rest
momentarily by compressing the spring. The force
constant of spring is 400 N/m. the value of d is then
–2
(take g = 10 ms )
1 2
(a) (b)
2 3
1 1
(c) (d)
2 3
33. A mass m is allowed to fall on a pedestal fixed on the
top of a vertical spring. If the height of the mass was H
(a) 25 cm (b) 37.5 cm from the pedestal and the compression of the spring is
(c) 62.5 cm (d) none of the above d then the spring’s force factor is given by
31. Two discs, each having mass m, are attached rigidly to

the ends of a vertical spring. One of the discs rests on a
horizontal surface and the other produces a
compression x0 on the spring when it is in equilibrium.
How much further must the spring be compressed so
that when the force causing compression is removed,
the extension of the spring will be able to lift the lower
disc off the table H  d  H  d 
(a) Mg 2
(b) 2Mg
d d2
Mg H H  d 
(c) (d) 2Mg
2 d2 d2
34. A vertical spring of force constant 100 N/m is
attached with a hanging mass of 10 kg. Now an
external force is applied on the mass so that the
spring is stretched by additional 2 m. The work done
by the force F is
(g = 10 m/s2)
(a) 300 J (b) –300 J

(c) 400 J (d) –400 J
37. A plot of velocity versus time is shown in figure. A
single force acts on the body. The correct statement
is:
(a) 200 J (b) 400 J

(c) 450 J (d) 600 J
35. A block of mass m is attached with a massless spring
of force constant k. The block is placed over a rough
(a) in moving from C to D, work done by the force on
inclined surface for which the coefficient of friction is
the body is positive.
 = 3/4. The minimum value of M required to move
the block up the plane is (Neglect mass of string and (b) in moving from B to C, work done by the force
pulley and friction in pulley) on the body is positive.
(c) in moving from A to B, the body does work on
the system.
(d) in moving from O to A, work is done by the body
and is negative.
38. A mass-spring system oscillates such that the mass
moves on a rough surface having coefficient of friction
. It is compressed by a distance a from its normal
3 4 length and, on being released, it moves to a distance b
(a) m (b) m from its equilibrium position. The decrease in
5 5
amplitude for one half-cycle (–a to b) is:
6 3
(c) m (d) m  mg 2 mg
5 2 (a) (b)
k k
36. Velocity-time graph of a particle moving in a straight
line is as shown in figure. Mass of the particle is 2 g k
(c) (d)
kg. Work done by all the forces acting on the particle k  mg
in time interval between t = 0 to t = 10 s is
39. System shown in figure is released from rest. Pulley 42. A meter stick of mass 400 g is pivoted at one end and
and spring is massless, and friction is absent displaced through an angle 60°. The increase in its
everywhere. The speed of 5 kg block when 2 kg block potential energy is:
leaves the contact with ground is: (a) 1 J (b) 10 J
(Take force constant of spring k = 40 N/m and g = 10 (c) 100 J (d) 1000 J
2
m/s )
43. A uniform chain has a mass M and length L. It is

placed on a frictionless table with length l0 hanging
over the edge. The chain begins to slide down. Then,
the speed v with which the end slides down from the
edge is given by:
g g
(a) v  ( L  l0 ) (b) v  ( L  l0 )
L L
g 2 2
(c) v  ( L  l0 ) (d) v  2 g ( L  l0 )
L
44. A block of mass m is moving with a constant
acceleration ‘a’ on a rough plane. If the coefficient of
(a) 2 m/s (b) 2 2 m / s
friction between the block and the ground is , the
(c) 2 m/s (d) 4 2 m / s power delivered by the external agent after a time t
from the beginning is equal to
40. In the given curved road, if particle is released from
2
A then (a) ma t (b) mgat
(c) m(a + g)gt (d) m(a + g)at
45. A block of mass m is being pulled up the rough
incline by an agent delivering constant power P. The
coefficient of friction between the block and the
incline is . The maximum speed of the block during
the course of ascent is
(a) kinetic energy at B must be mgh

(b) kinetic energy at B may be zero
P
(c) kinetic energy at B must be less than mgh (a) v 
mg sin   mg cos 
(d) kinetic energy at B must not be equal to zero
P
41. A uniform flexible chain of mass m and length 2l (b) v 
hangs in equilibrium over a smooth horizontal pin of mg sin   mg cos 
negligible diameter. One end of the chain is given a 2P
small vertical displacement so that the chain slips (c) v 
mg sin   mg cos 
over the pin. The speed of chain when it leaves pin is:
3P
(a) 2 g (b) g (d) v 
mg sin   mg cos 
(c) 4 g (d) 3 g
46. A uniform rope of linear mass density  and length  50. A motor drives a body along a straight line with a
is coiled on a smooth horizontal surface. One end is constant force. The power P developed by the motor
pulled up with constant velocity v. Then the average must vary with time t as shown in figure.
power applied by the external agent in pulling the (a)
entire rope just off the ground is
P
t
(b)
P
1  g 2
(a)  v 2  (b)  gv
2 2
1 3  vg 1
(c) v  (d)  gv   v 3 t
2 2 2
47. A particle A of mass 10/7 kg is moving in the positive (c)
direction of x. Its initial position is x = 0 and initial
P
velocity at x = 0 is 1m/s. Velocity at x  10m is
t
(d)
(a) 4 m/s (b) 2 m/s

100 t
(c) 3 2 m/s (d) m/s
3 51. A dam is situated at a height of 550 m above sea level
and supplies water to a powerhouse which is at a
48. Power supplied to a particle of mass 2 kg varies with
height of 50m above sea level. 2000 kg of water
time as P = 3t2/2 watt, here t is in second. Velocity of
passes through the turbines per second. What would
particle at t = 0 is u = 0. The velocity of particle at
be the maximum electrical power output of the power
time t = 2 s will be
house if the whole system were 80% efficient?
(a) 1 m/s (b) 4 m/s
(a) 8 MW (b) 10 MW
(c) 2 m/s (d) 2 2 m / s
(c) 12.5 MV (d) 16 MV
49. A constant power P is applied to a particle of mass m. –1
52. A 500 kg car, moving with a velocity of 36 km h on
The distance travelled by the particle when its
a straight road unidirectionally, doubles its velocity in
velocity increases from v1 to v2 is (neglect friction)
one minute. The power delivered by the engine for
3P 2 2 m doubling the velocity is
(a)
m
 v2  v1  (b)
3P
 v2  v1 
(a) 750 W (b) 1050 W
m 3 3 m 2 2 (c) 1150 W (d) 1250 W
(c)
3P
 v2  v1  (d)
3P
 v2  v1 
53. The power of a water jet flowing through an orifice of a a
radius r with velocity v is (a) x  (b) x 
b b
2 2
(a) zero (b) 500 r v
3a  2a 
(c) 500 r v
2 3
(d) r v
4 (c) x  (d) x  6  
b  b 
54. A force F acting on a body depends on its
–1/3
displacement S as F  S . The power delivered by F
Objective Questions II
will depend on displacement as:
[One or more than one correct option]
2/3 –5/3
(a) S (b) S 59. Work done by force of friction
1/2 0
(c) S (d) S (a) can be zero (b) can be positive
55. A pendulum of mass 1 kg and length  = 1 m is (c) can be negative (d) any of these
60. When work done by force of gravity is negative,
released from rest at angle  = 60°. The power
delivered by all the forces acting on the bob at angle (a) PE increases (b) KE decreases
2
 = 30° will be: (g = 10 m/s ) (c) PE remains constant (d) PE decreases
61. Which of the following may or may not be
(a) 13.5 W (b) 20.4 W
conserved?
(c) 24.6 W (d) zero
(a) Energy (b) Potential energy
56. A bob of mass m accelerates uniformly from rest to v1 (c) Mechanical energy (d) Kinetic energy
in time t1 . As a function of t, the instantaneous power 62. Internal forces can change
delivered to the body is (a) kinetic energy (b) mechanical energy
k (c) energy (d) momentum
m m 63. In which of the following cases, no work is done by
v v
the force:
m v1t m v1t (a) A man carrying a bucket of water, walking on a
(a) (b)
t2 t1 level road with a uniform velocity
m v1t 2 m v12 t (b) A drop of rain falling vertically with a constant
(c) (d) velocity
t1 t12
(c) A man whirling a stone tied to a string in a circle
57. The potential energy of a particle of mass 1 kg is, with a constant speed.
2
U = 10 + (x – 2) . Here, U is in joules and x in metres (d) A man walking up on a staircase
on the positive x-axis. Particle travels up to x = +6 m.
64. Two inclined frictionless tracks of different
Choose the correct statement:
inclinations meet at A from where two blocks P and
(a) On negative x-axis particle travels up to x = – 2m Q of different masses are allowed to slide down from
(b) The maximum kinetic energy of the particle is rest at the same time, on each track, as shown in the
16 J figure. Then [ given : 2  1 ]
(c) Both (a) and (b) are correct
(d) Both (a) and (b) are wrong
58. The potential Energy as a function of the force
between two atoms in a diatomic molecule is given
a b
by U  x   12  6 , where a and b are positive
x x (a) both blocks will reach the bottom at the same time
constants and x is the distance between the atoms. (b) block Q will reach the bottom earlier than block P
The position of stable equilibrium for the system of (c) both blocks will reach the bottom with the same
the two atoms is given as: speed
(d) block Q will reach the bottom with a higher speed
than block P.
65. A body of mass m is moving in a straight line at a 69. A body of 0.2 kg is suspended through a spring, so
constant speed v. Its kinetic energy is K and the that the spring is stretched by 1.0 cm at equilibrium.
magnitude of its momentum is p. Which of the A particle of mass 0.12 kg is slowly dropped on the
following relations are correct? body after the impact. Find the maximum extension
of the spring (in cm). [ g  10ms 2 ]
2K
(a) p = 2mK (b) p =
m Assertion & Reason
For the following questions choose the correct answer
2K
(c) 2K= pv (d) v = from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) defined as follows.
p
(A) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the
Numerical Value Type Questions Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.
(B) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is
66. A projectile is thrown with initial velocity U at an
not correct explanation of the Assertion.
angle  to the horizontal. Its velocity when it is at the
(C) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
2
highest point is times the velocity when it is at (D) If Assertion is false but Reason is true.
5
Kinetic energy
height half of the maximum height. The angle of 70. Assertion: Stopping distance 
Stopping force
projection  with horizontal is /*. What is the value
*? Reason: Work done in stopping a body is equal to
  KE of the body.
67. Two constant forces F1 and F2 are acting on a bock
 (a) A (b) B
as shown. The magnitude of the force F1 is 2 N and
 (c) C (d) D
that of F2 is 4 N. The velocity of the block at a
71. Assertion: Two springs of force constants k1 and k2
certain instant is 3.0 m/sec.
are stretched by the same force. If k1 > k2, then work
done in stretching the first spring (W1) is less than
work done in stretching the second spring (W2).
Reason: F = k1x1 = k2x2
x1 k2
 
Find the power(in watt) due to each force and the net x2 k1
power. 1 2
  kx
W1 2 1 1 k k 
2
k
68. Two constant forces F1 and F2 are acting on a bock   1 2  2
 W2 1 k x 2 k2  k1  k1
as shown. The magnitude of the force F1 is 2 N and 2
2 2

that of F2 is 4 N. The velocity of the block at a As k1 > k2, W1 < W2
certain instant is 3.0 m/sec.
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
72. Assertion: A weightlifter does not work in holding
the weight up.
Reason: Work done is zero because distance moved
is zero.

If the magnitude of the force F2 is increased to 6 N, (a) A (b) B
what is the net power (in watt) at this instant?
(c) C (d) D
73. Assertion: Mass and energy are not conserved Match the following
separately but are conserved as a single entity ‘mass- Each question has two columns. Four options are given
energy’. representing matching of elements from Column-I and
Reason: This is because one can be obtained at the Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
cost of the other as per Einstein equation. to a correct matching.
2 For each question, choose the option corresponding
E = mc
to the correct matching.
(a) A (b) B
78. A man pushes a block of 30 kg along a level floor at a
(c) C (d) D
constant speed with a force directed at 45° below the
74. Assertion: Energy released when a mass of one horizontal. If the coefficient of friction is 0.20, then
7
microgram disappears in a process is 9 × 10 J. match the following: [ g  10ms 2 ]
1 2 Column I Column II
Reason: It follows from E  mv .
2 (a) Work done by all forces (p) zero
(a) A (b) B exerted by the surface on
the block in 20 m
(c) C (d) D
(b) Work done by the force (q) 1500 J
75. Assertion: In a circular motion, work done by
of gravity
centripetal force is not zero always.
(c) Work done by the man (r) 750 J
Reason: If speed of the particle increases or on the block in pushing it
decreases in circular motion, net force acting on the through 10 m
particle does not remain towards centre.
(d) Net force on the block (s) -1500 J
(a) A (b) B Paragraph Type Questions
(c) C (d) D Using the following passage, solve Q. 79 to 80
76. Assertion: Under the action of a conservative force Passage
of constant magnitude, work done is path A block of mass m is released from a height h1 along a
independent. smooth track as shown in the figure.
Reason: Work done by force of gravity is path
independent only near the surface of Earth.
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
77. Assertion: The potential energy of a particle varies
with distance x as shown in the graph.
79. Determine the force exerted on the block by the track
at point 2, where radius of curvature is r1.
m(2 gh1 ) m  2 gh1 
(a) mg  (b) 2mg 
r1 r1
mg m  2 gh1  m  gh1 
(c)  (d) mg 
2 r1 r1
The force acting on the particle is zero at point B and
C. 80. Determine the minimum safe value of radius of
curvature at point 3, so that the block does not fly off
Reason: The slope of the U-x curve is zero at point B
the track.
and C.
(a) (h1 – h2) (b) 2(h1 – h2)
(a) A (b) B
 h1  h2  2  h1  h2 
(c) C (d) D (c) (d)
3 3
EXERCISE – 4: PREVIOUS YEARS JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS
Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] 2. An ideal spring with spring-constant k is hung from
the ceiling and a block of mass M is attached to its
1. A particle, which is constrained to move along x-axis, lower end. The mass is released with the spring
is subjected to a force in the same direction which initially unstretched. Then the maximum extension in
varies with the distance x of the particle from the the spring is:
origin as F  x   kx  ax3 . Here, k and a are positive (2002)
constant. For x  0, the functional form of the 4Mg 2Mg
(a) (b)
potential energy U  x  of the particle is: k k
(2002) Mg Mg
(c) (d)
(a) k 2k
3. If W1 , W2 and W3 represent the work done in moving
a particle from A to B along three different paths 1, 2
and 3 respectively (as shown) in the gravitational
field of a point mass m. Find the correct relation
between W1 , W2 and W3 : (2003)
(b)
(a) W1  W2  W3 (b) W1  W2  W3
(c) W1  W2  W3 (d) W2  W1  W3
(c) 4. A particle is placed at the origin and a force F  kx

is acting on it (where k is a positive constant). If
U  0   0, the graph of U  x  versus x will be (where
U is the potential energy function):
(2004)
(d)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
5. A block (B) is attached to two unstretched springs S1 7. Two blocks A and B of masses 2m and m,
and S2 with spring constants k and 4k, respectively. respectively are connected by a massless and
The other ends are attached to two supports M1 and inextensible string. The whole system is suspended
by a massless spring as shown in the fig. The
M 2 not attached to the walls. The springs and
magnitudes of acceleration of A and B, immediately
supports have negligible mass. There is no friction after the string is cut, are respectively
anywhere. The block B is displaced towards wall 1 by
(2009)
a small distance x and released. The block returns and
moves a maximum distance y towards wall 2.
Displacements x and y are measured with respect to
y
the equilibrium position of the block B. The ratio is
x
(2008)
g g
(a) g , (b) ,g
2 2
(a) 4 (b) 2
g g
1 1 (c) g , g (d) ,
(c) (d) 2 2
2 4
8. A block of mass 2kg is free to move along the x–axis.
6. An insect crawls up a hemispherical surface very
It is at rest and from t  0 onwards it is subjected to a
slowly (see figure) The coefficient of friction between
time-dependent force F(t) in the x direction. The force
1
the insect and the surface is . If the line joining the F(t) varies with t as shown in the figure. The kinetic
3 energy of the block after 4.5 seconds is
centre of the hemispherical surface to the insect
(2010)
makes an angle  with the vertical, the maximum
possible value of  is given by:
(2009)
(a) cot   3 (b) tan   3
(a) 4.50 J (b) 7.50 J
(c) sec   3 (d) cosec   3
(c) 5.06 J (d) 14.06 J
Objective Questions II 11. A student skates up a ramp that makes an angle 30º
[One or more than one correct option] with the horizontal. He/she starts (as shown in the
figure) at the bottom of the ramp with speed v0 and
9. A block of mass M has a circular cut with a
wants to turn around over a semi-circular path xyz of
frictionless surface as shown. The block rests on the
radius R during which he/she reaches a maximum
horizontal frictionless surface of a fixed table.
height h (at point y) from the ground as shown in the
Initially the right edge of the block is at x  0, in a
figure. Assume that the energy loss is negligible, and
co-ordinate system fixed to the table. A point mass m
the force required for this turn at the highest point is
is released from rest at the topmost point of the path
provided by his/her weight only. Then (g is the
as shown and it slides down. When the mass loses
acceleration due to gravity) (2020)
contact with the block, its position is x and the
velocity is v. At that instant, which of the following
options is/are correct? (2017)
1
(a) v02  2 gh  gR
2
3
(b) v02  2 gh  gR
2
2 gR (c) the centripetal force required at points x and z is
(a) The velocity of the point mass m is: v  zero
m
1 (d) the centripetal force required is maximum at points
M
x and z
m
(b) The velocity of the block M is: V   2 gR
M
Numerical Value Type Questions
mR
(c) The position of the point mass is x   2 12. A bullet is fired at a target. Its velocity is decreased
M m by 50% after penetrating 21 cm into the target. Find
(d) The x component of displacement of the centre of the additional thickness (in cm) that the bullet will
mR penetrate before coming to rest. (2008)
mass of the block M is: 
M m 13. A light inextensible string that goes over a smooth
fixed pulley as shown in the figure connects two
10. A particle of mass m is initially at rest is at the origin. blocks of masses 0.36 and 0.72 kg. Taking
It is subjected to a force and starts moving along the g  10ms 2 , find the work done (in joules) by the
x-axis. Its kinetic energy K changes with time as
string on the block of mass 0.36 kg during the first
dK
  t , where  is a positive constant of second after the system is released from rest.
dt
(2009)
appropriate dimensions. Which of the following
statements is (are) true? (2018)
(a) The force applied on the particle is constant
(b) The speed of the particle is proportional to time
(c) The distance of the particle from the origin
increases linearly with time
(d) The force is conservative
14. A bob of mass m, suspended by a string of length l1 , Assertion & Reason
is given a minimum velocity required to complete a For the following questions choose the correct answer
full circle in the vertical plane. At the highest point, it from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) defined as follows.
collides elastically with another bob of mass m
(A) Statement I is true, Statement II is also true;
suspended by a string of length l2 , which is initially
Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement
at rest. Both the strings are massless and inextensible. I.
If the second bob, after collision acquires the
(B) Statement I is true, Statement II is also true;
minimum speed required to complete a full circle in
Statement II is not the correct explanation of
l
the vertical plane, the ratio 1 is (2013) Statement I.
l2
(C) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
15. A particle of mass 0.2 kg is moving in one dimension (D) Statement I is false, Statement II is true
under a force that delivers a constant power 0.5 W to
the particle. If the initial speed (in ms–1) of the 17. Statement–I: A block of mass m starts moving on a
particle is zero, the speed (in ms–1) after 5s is rough horizontal surface with a velocity v. It stops
(2013) due to friction between the block and the surface after
moving through a certain distance. The surface is now
16. Consider an elliptically shaped rail PQ in the vertical tilted to an angle of 30° with the horizontal and the
plane with OP =3m and OQ = 4m. A block of mass 1 same block is made to go up on the surface with the
kg is pulled along the rail from P to Q with a force of same initial velocity v. The decrease in the
18 N, which is always parallel to line PQ (see the mechanical energy in the second situation is smaller
figure given) Assuming no frictional losses, the than that in the first situation.
kinetic energy of the block when it reaches Q is
(n×10) Joules. The value of n is (take acceleration Statement-II : The coefficient of friction between the
due to gravity = 10 ms–2) (2014) block and the surface decreases with the increase in
the angle of inclination. (2015)
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
Match the following Paragraph Type Questions
Using the following passage, solve Q.19 to Q.20
18. A particle of unit mass is moving along the x-axis
Passage
under the influence of a force and its total energy is
conserved. Four possible forms of the potential A small block of mass 1 kg is released from rest at the top of
energy of the particle are given in column I (a and a rough track. The track is a circular arc of radius 40m. The
U 0 constant). Match the potential energies in column block slides along the track without toppling and a frictional
I to the corresponding statement(s) in column II. force act on it in the direction opposite to the instantaneous
velocity. The work done in overcoming the friction up to the
(2015)
point Q, as shown in the figure, is 150 J. (Take the
acceleration due to gravity, g  10 ms 2 ).
Column - I Column - II
  x 2 
2 (P) the force acting
U0
(A) U1  x   1     on the particle is
2   a   zero at x  a
U0  x 
2 (Q) The force
(B) U 2  x     acting on the
2 a
particle is zero at
x0
  x 2  (R) The force
2
U  x   a  

19. The speed of the block when it reaches the point Q
(C) U 3  x   0   e  acting on the
2 a particle is zero at (2013)
x  a
(a) 5 ms 1 (b) 10 ms 1
U0 x 1 x   3 (S) The particle
(D) U 4  x        experiences an (c) 10 3 ms 1 (d) 20 ms 1
4  a 3  a   attractive force
towards x  0 in 20. The magnitude of the normal reaction that acts on the
block at the point Q is (2013)
the region x  a.
(a) 7.5 N (b) 8.6 N
(T) The particle
with total energy (c) 11.5 N (d) 22.5 N
U0
can the
4
oscillate about the
point x   a
Find Answer Key and Detailed Solutions at the end of this book
WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

Please share your valuable feedback by
scanning the QR code.
CIRCULAR MOTION 43
06
CIRCULAR MOTION
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
Chapter
CIRCULAR 06
MOTION 44
CIRCULAR MOTION
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCULAR MOTION: (b) Particle moving in straight line
1.1 Introduction to Circular Motion

When an object moves in a circle its velocity is tangent
to that circle. The force towards the centre constantly
changes the direction of the velocity. Without that force
the object would keep moving in a straight line instead. Fig. 6.4
(c) Particle moving in circular path
(i) Angular displacement is a vector quantity.
(ii) Its direction is perpendicular to the plane of rotation
and given by right hand screw rule.
NOTE:
Clockwise angular displacement is taken as negative
and anticlockwise angular displacement is taken as
positive.
arc linear displacement
angle  
radius radius
(This is true when the angle is very small)
Fig. 6.1 (iii) For circular motion S  r  
(iv) Its unit is radian (in M.K.S).
1.2 Various parameters in circular motion
Angular Displacement: NOTE:
Angle subtended by position vector of a particle moving Always change degree into radian, if it occurs in
along any arbitrary path w.r.t. some fixed point is called numerical problems.
angular displacement.
360
1radian    radian  180
2
(v) It is a dimensionless quantity i.e. dimension is
M0 L0T0 
Angular Velocity:
Fig. 6.2
It is defined as the rate of change of angular
(a) Particle moving in an arbitrary path displacement of a body or particle moving in a circular
path.
(i) It is a vector quantity.
(ii) Its direction is the same as that of angular
displacement i.e. perpendicular to the plane of
rotation.
Fig. 6.3
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 45
NOTE: Angular Acceleration:

The rate of change of angular velocity with respect to
If the particle is revolving in the clockwise direction
the time is defined as angular acceleration.
then the direction of angular velocity is perpendicular to
the plane downwards. Whereas in case of anticlockwise If  be change in angular velocity in time t , then
direction the direction will be upwards. angular acceleration
 
(iii) Its unit is radian/sec.  d
  lim 
(iv) Its dimension is  M 0 L0T 1  t  0 dt dt
Types of Angular Velocity: (ii) Its direction is that of change in angular velocity.
(a) Average Angular Velocity: (iii) Unit: rad / sec2
 Total angular displacement (iv) Dimension: M L T
0 0 2
 av 
Total time taken
(b) Instantaneous Angular velocity: Relation Between Angular Acceleration and Linear
The instantaneous angular velocity is defined as the Acceleration
angular velocity at some particular instant. Linear acceleration = Rate of change of linear velocity
Instantaneous angular velocity
dv
 a .....  i 
 d dt
  lim 
t  0 t dt Angular acceleration = Rate of change of angular
velocity
NOTE:
d
Instantaneous angular velocity can also be called simply   .....  ii 
dt
angular velocity.
From (i) & (ii)
Relation Between Linear Velocity and Angular a dv d  r 
Velocity  
 d d
We have   d  d . ds  1 .v d
dt ds dt r r [r is constant ]  r
d
ds arc  a  r
[ d  , angle 
dr radius   
In vector form a    r
and v  ds  linear velocity]
dt
 v  r
  
In vector form, v    r
NOTE:
(i) When a particle moves along a curved path, its
linear velocity at a point is along the tangent drawn
at that point.
(ii) When a particle moves along a curved path, its
velocity has two components. One along the radius,
which increases or decreases the radius and another
one perpendicular to the radius, which makes the
particle revolve about the point of observation.
(iii)     v sin 
t r
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 46
Equation of Linear Motion and Rotational Motion:
Linear Motion Rotation Motion
(i) With constant velocity a = 0, s = ut   0,  t

(ii) With constant acceleration (i) Average velocity (i) Average angular velocity
vu 1  2
vav  av 
2 2
(ii) Average acceleration (ii) Average angular acceleration
vu 2  1
aav  aav 
t t
vu 1  2
(iii) s  vav t  t (iii)   av .t  t
2 2
(iv) v  u  at
(iv) 2  1   t
1
(v) s  ut  at 2 1
2 (v)   1t   t 2
2
(vi) v2  u 2  2as 2 2
1 (vi) 2  1  2
(vii) Sn  u   2n  1 a
2 1
(vii) n  1   2n 1 
th 2
displacement in n sec
th
ds Angular displacement in n se
(i) v 
dt
(ii) (i)   d / dt
 ds   v dt
(ii)
(iii) With variable acceleration dv dv  d    dt
(iii) a  v
dt ds d d
(iii)   
(iv) dt d
 dv   a dt
(iv)
(v) v dv  a ds  d    dt
 
(v)  d   d
 
Radial and Tangential Acceleration An object A is tied to a string and made to revolve
Radial Acceleration: about a fixed point O (centre) (see figure). The object
In a uniform circular motion, “the acceleration of the when revolved fast, the string (OA) looks almost like
object is along the radius, directed towards the centre” the radius of the circle. Which implies that a force is
is called radial acceleration. exerted on the object from the centre, there by an
accelerationar along the radial direction. (along the
radius of the circle towards the centre). To counter this
force, tension is developed along the string in the
opposite direction. This force due to tension is called
centripetal force, thus the acceleration generated on the
object is called centripetal acceleration or radial
acceleration ar .
Fig. 6.5
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 47
● a t is the tangential component

● t is the time period
● v1 and v2 are the respective velocities of the two

objects in a circular motion
2. UNIFORM AND NON-UNIFORM CIRCULAR

Fig. 6.6 MOTION
2.1 Non-uniform Circular Motion:

(i) In non-uniform circular motion:

v  constant   constant
i.e. speed  constant

i.e. angular velocity  constant
(ii) If at any instant
Fig. 6.7
v = magnitude of velocity of particle
figure the equivalent diagram of the centripetal velocity
r = radius of circular path
vector A and B.
 = angular velocity of particle
Implementing the property of similar triangles we get-
then v = r
AB l (iii) Tangential acceleration :

OA r
dv
Since A and B are infinitesimally close we can at 
dt
approximate AB to the length of arc AB AB  v  dt
ds
From figure since A and B are very close, Where v  and s  arc  lenght
dt
AB dv v  dt dv (iv) Tangential force:
v  dv  dv  
OA v r v
Ft  mat
On rearranging,
(v) Centripetal force :
dv v 2
 mv 2
dt r Fc   m 2 r
r
Thus, dv gives radial acceleration of an object under (vi) Net force on the particle :
dt   
F  Fc  Ft
uniform circular motion. We arrive at the final
v2 F Fc2  Ft2
expression- ar 
r If  is the angle made by [Note angle between Fc and
Ft is 90 ] F with Fc , then
Tangential Acceleration:
Ft
The tangential component is defined as the component tan  
Fc
of angular acceleration tangential to the circular path.
2
The unit of measurement is m.s . The mathematical F 
   tan 1  t 
representation is given as:  Fc 
v 2  v1 Where, Angle between F & Ft is ( 90 –  )

at 
t
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 48
Fig. 6.8
Fig. 6.10
(vii) Net acceleration towards the centre = centripetal 
(ii) As v is constant so tangential acceleration at  0
acceleration
v2 F
 ac   2r  c
r m
(viii) Net acceleration,
Fnet
a  ac2  at2 
m
Fig. 6.11
The angle made by 'a' with a c ,
(iii) Tangential force Ft  0
at Ft
tan   
ac Fc
Fig. 6.12
(iv) Total acceleration
v 2 (towards the centre)
a  ac2  at2  ac 
r
Fig. 6.9
NOTE:
2.2 Uniform Circular Motion: (i) Because Fc is always perpendicular to velocity or
If displacement, hence the work done by this force
m = mass of body, will always be zero.
r = radius of circular orbit, (ii) Circular motion in the horizontal plane is usually
v = magnitude of velocity, uniform circular motion.
ac = centripetal acceleration, (iii) There is an important difference between projectile
motion and circular motion.
at = tangential acceleration
In projectile motion, both the magnitude and the
In uniform circular motion : direction of acceleration (g) remain constant, while
  
(i) v1  v 2  v 3  constant i.e. speed is constant in circular motion the magnitude remains constant
but the direction continuously changes. Hence
equations of motion are not applicable for circular
motion. Remember that equations of motion remain
valid only when both the magnitude & direction of
acceleration are constant.
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 49
Hint to solve numerical problems:

v4
(i) Write down the required centripetal force. T  mg 1  .....  i 
r g2
2
(ii) Draw the free body diagram of each component of

v2
the system. And tan   ......  ii 
rg
(iii) Resolve the forces acting on the rotating particle
along radius and perpendicular to radius. Also if h = height of conical pendulum
(iv) Calculate net radial force acting towards the centre OP r
tan    ......  iii 
of the circular path. OS h
(v) Make it equal to required centripetal force. From (ii) & (iii),
(vi) For remaining components see according to v2 g
2  
question. r2 h
The time period of revolution
NOTE: h  cos 
T  2  2
g g
When a system of particles rotates about an axis, the
angular velocity of all the particles will be the same, but [where OS   ]
their linear velocity will be different, because of
different distances from the axis of rotation i.e. v = r  .
3. CENTRIPETAL FORCE AND
2.3 Motion In Horizontal Circle: CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
Conical pendulum:
3.1 Centripetal Force
This is the best example of uniform circular motion. A
conical pendulum consists of a body attached to a (i) A body or particle moving in a curved path always
string, such that it can revolve in a horizontal circle moves effectively in a circle at any instant.
with uniform speed. The string traces out a cone in (ii) The velocity of the particle changes moving on the
space. curved path, this change in velocity is brought by a
(i) The force acting on the bob are force known as centripetal force and the
(a) Tension T (b) weight mg acceleration so produced in the body is known as
centripetal acceleration.
(iii) The direction of centripetal force or acceleration is
always towards the centre of the circular path.
Expression for Centripetal Acceleration:
Fig. 6.13
(ii) The horizontal component T sin  of the tension T
provides the centripetal force and the vertical
component T cos  balances the weight of bob
Fig. 6.14 Fig. 6.15
mv 2 (a) Particle moving in (b) Vector diagram
 T sin  
r
of circular path of radius r velocities
and T cos  mg
The triangle OP1 P2 and the velocity triangle are similar
From these equation
P1 P2 AB
 
PO
1 AQ
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 50
s v   
  v1  v 2  v 
r v  
v
 v  s
r
v v s
 
t r t
v v  s 
 lim  lim  
t  0 t r t  0
 t  Fig. 6.17
v v2  mv2 mv2 
 ac  v  r 2 Fc  .rˆ   2 r
r r r r
This is the magnitude of centripetal acceleration of   
particle 
  m  2 r rˆ   m  2 r   m v   
(i) It is a vector quantity. In vector form negative sign indicates direction only
     
ac    v
 
Fc  m v   
(ii) The direction of a c would be the same as that of (iii) For circular motion :

v 
F c  m  v  sin 90    mv 
(iii) Because the velocity vector at any point is
tangential to the circular path at that point, the
acceleration vector acts along the radius of the NOTE:
circle at that point and is directed towards the
centre. This is the reason that it is called centripetal 1. Centripetal force is not a real force. It is only the
acceleration. requirement for circular motion.
2. It is not a new kind of force. Any of the forces found
in nature such as gravitational force, electric, friction
Expression for Centripetal force
force, tension in string reaction force may act as
centripetal force..
3.2 Centrifugal Force

Centrifugal force is a pseudo force of centripetal force
in a circular motion which acts along the radius and is
directed away from the centre of the circle. The force
does not exist when measurements are made in an
inertial frame of reference. It only comes into play
when changing our reference frame from a
ground/inertial to a rotating reference frame.
Fig. 6.16 Calculating Centrifugal Force:

If v = velocity of particle, r = radius of path A centrifugal force basically uses the centripetal force
Then necessary centripetal force Fc = mass × formula (which describes a real phenomenon) and
reverses the direction of the force, to describe the
acceleration
fictitious centrifugal force.
v2
Fc  m mv 2
r F 
This is the expression for centripetal force r
Where, F is the Centrifugal force, m is the mass of the
(i) It is a vector quantity
object, v is the speed or velocity of the object and r is
(ii) In vector form
the radius.
Centrifugal Force Examples in Daily Life:
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 51
Centrifugal Force acts on every object moving in a where v is velocity of car while turning and r is radius
circular path when viewed from a rotating frame of of circular track.
reference. Some examples of Centrifugal Force are As F   s R   s mg , [using (1)]
given below.
Where  s is coefficient of static friction between the
● Weight of an object at the poles and on the equator
tyres and the road. Therefore, from (2),
● A bike making a turn.
● Vehicle driving around a curve mv 2
 s mg or v  s rg  v max   s rg …. (3)
● Equatorial railway r
Hence the maximum velocity with which a vehicle can
go round a level curve ; without skidding is
4. APPLICATIONS OF CIRCULAR MOTION v  s rg
4.1 Rounding a Level Curved Road The value of v depends on radius r of the curve and on
When a vehicle goes round a curved road, it requires coefficient of static friction  s  between the tyres and
some centripetal force. While rounding the curve, the
the road. Clearly, v is independent of mass of the car.
wheels of the vehicle have a tendency to leave the
curved path and regain the straight-line path. Force of
friction between the wheels and the road opposes this 4.2 Banking of Roads
tendency of the wheels. This force (of friction) The maximum permissible velocity with which a
therefore, acts, towards the centre of the circular track vehicle can go round a level curved road without
and provides the necessary centripetal force. skidding depends on  , the coefficient of friction
Three forces are acting on the car, fig. between the tyres and the road. The value of  
decreases when road is smooth or tyres of the vehicle
are worn out or the road is wet and so on. Thus force of
friction is not a reliable source for providing the
required centripetal force to the vehicle.
A safer course of action would be to raise outer edge of
the curved road above the inner edge. By doing so, a
component of normal reaction of the road shall be
spared to provide the centripetal force. The
phenomenon of raising outer edge of the curved road
Fig. 6.18 above the inner edge is called banking of roads. We can
(i) The weight of the car, mg, acting vertically calculate the angle of banking  , as detailed below:
downwards,
In Fig., OX is a horizontal line. OA is the level of
(ii) Normal reaction R of the road on the car, acting banked curved road whose outer edge has been raised.
vertically upwards,
XOA =  = angle of banking.
(iii) Frictional Force F, along the surface of the road,
towards the centre of the turn, as explained already.
As there is no acceleration in the vertical direction,
R – mg = 0 or R = mg ...(1)
The centripetal force required for circular motion is
along the surface of the road, towards the centre of the
turn.
As explained above, it is the static friction that provides
the necessary centripetal force. Clearly,
mv 2
F ......  2 
r Fig. 6.19
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 52
mv 2
From (4), R  sin   s cos   
r
mg  sin   s cos  mv 2
Using (5), 
 cos  s sin   r
rg  sin    s cos   rg cos   tan    s 

 v2  
 cos    s sin   cos  1   s tan  
Fig. 6.20 1/ 2
 rg  s  tan   
Three forces are acting on the vehicle as shown in v  .....  6 
Fig 6.20  1   s tan   
(i) Weight mg of the vehicle acting vertically This is the max. velocity of vehicle on a banked road.
downwards.
(ii) Normal reaction R of the banked road acting Discussion
upwards in a direction perpendicular to OA. 1. If  s  0 , i.e., if banked road is perfectly smooth,
(iii) Force of friction F between the banked road and the
then from eqn. (6),
tyres, acting along AO. 1/ 2
R can be resolved into two rectangular components :- v0   rg tan   ……(7)
(i) R cos  , along vertically upward direction This is the speed at which a banked road can be
(ii) R sin , along the horizontal, towards the centre of rounded even when there is no friction. Driving at
the curved road. this speed on a banked road will cause almost no
F can also be resolved into two rectangular components: wear and tear of the tyres.
(i) F cos  , along the horizontal, towards the centre of From (7),
curved road v02  rg tan or tan  v02 / rg .....(8)
(ii) F sin , along vertically downward direction. 2. If speed of vehicle is less than v0 , frictional force
As there is no acceleration along the vertical direction, will be up the slope. Therefore, the vehicle can be
the net force along this direction must be zero. parked only if tan    s .
Therefore,
Roads are usually banked for the average speed of
R cos   mg  F sin  ..... 1 vehicles passing over them. However, if the speed of a
If v is velocity of the vehicle over the banked circular vehicle is somewhat less or more than this, the self-
road of radius r, then centripetal force required adjusting static friction will operate between the tyres
 mv2 / r
. This is provided by the horizontal and the road, and the vehicle will not skid.
components of R and F as shown in Fig. The speed limit at which the curve can be negotiated
mv 2 safely is clearly indicated on the sign boards erected
 R sin   F cos   ....  2  along the curved roads.
r
But F  s R , where  s is coefficient of static friction Note that curved railway tracks are also banked for the
same reason. The level of outer rail is raised a little
between the banked road and the tyres. To obtain vmax ,
above the level of inner rail, while laying a curved
we put F  s R in (1) and (2). railway track.
R cos   mg   s R sin  …. (3)
mv2 4.3 Bending of a Cyclist
and R sin   s R cos  ….(4)
r When a cyclist takes a turn, he also requires some
From (3), R  cos  s sin    mg centripetal force. If he keeps himself vertical while
turning, his weight is balanced by the normal reaction
mg of the ground. In that event, he has to depend upon
R
cos    s sin  ….. (5) force of friction between the tyres and the road for
obtaining the necessary centripetal force. As force of
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 53
friction is small and uncertain, dependence on it is not slow speed and along a track of larger radius. This
safe. means, a safe turn should neither be fast nor sharp.
To avoid dependence on force of friction for obtaining
centripetal force, the cyclist has to bend a little inwards
from his vertical position, while turning. By doing so, a 5. VERTICAL CIRCULAR MOTION
component of normal reaction in the horizontal
direction provides the necessary centripetal force. To 5.1 Motion of a body suspended by string:
calculate the angle of bending with vertical, suppose This is the best example of non-uniform circular
m = mass of the cyclist, motion.
v = velocity of the cyclist while turning, When the body rises from the bottom to the height h
r = radius of the circular path, apart of its kinetic energy converts into potential energy
 = angle of bending with vertical. Total mechanical energy remains conserved
In Fig., we have shown weight of the cyclist (mg) Total (P.E. + K.E.) at A = Total (P.E. + K.E.) at P
acting vertically downwards at the centre of gravity C. 1 1
R is force of reaction of the ground on the cyclist. It  0  mu 2  mgh  mv 2
2 2
acts at an angle  with the vertical.
 v u 2  2 gh  u 2  2 g  1  cos  
Fig. 6.22
[Where  is length of the string]
Fig. 6.21
Tension at a point P :
R can be resolved into two rectangular components:
mv 2
R cos  , along the vertical upward direction, (i) At point P required centripetal force 

R sin  , along the horizontal, towards the centre of the
circular track. (a) Net force towards the centre :
T – mgcos  , which provides required centripetal
In equilibrium, R cos  balances the weight of the
force.
cyclist i.e
R co s   m g ...(1)
and R sin provides the necessary centripetal force
m v 2
/ r
mv 2
 R sin   .....  2 
r
R sin  mv 2
Dividing (2) by (1), we get 
R cos r mg
Fig. 6.23
v2
tan   mv 2
rg  T  mg cos  

Clearly,  would depend on v and r.
v2
For a safe turn,  should be small, for which v should T  m[ g cos   ]

be small and r should be large i.e. turning should be at a
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 54
m 2
 [u  g   2  3cos  ]

(b) Tangential force for the motion (iii) Cases :

Ft  mg sin 
(a) If u  5g
This force retards the motion
In this case tension in the string will not be zero at
any of the points, which implies that the particle will
(ii) Results: continue the circular motion.
(b) If u  5g
In this case the tension at the top most point (B) will
be zero, which implies that the particle will just
complete the circular motion.
Fig. 6.24 (c) Critical Velocity: The minimum velocity at which
(a) Tension at the lowest point A : the circular motion is possible
mv A2 The critical velocity at A  5g 

TA   mg
 The critical velocity at B  g
 Here,   0
The critical velocity at C  3g
mu 2
TA   mg Also TA  6 mg , TB  0, TC  3 mg

(b) Tension at point B: (d) If 2 g  u  5g
mvB2 In this case particle will not follow circular motion.
TB   mg
 Tension in string becomes zero somewhere between
points C & B whereas velocity remain positive.
mu 2
TB   5 mg Particle leaves circular path and follow parabolic

trajectory
   180 
(c) Tension at point C :
mvC2
TC 

mu 2
TC   2 mg

 Here   90  
Thus we conclude that Fig. 6.25
TA  TC  TB
(e) If u  2g
and also TA  TB  6 mg
In this case both velocity and tension in the string
TA  TC  3 mg becomes zero between A and C and particle will
TC  TB  3 mg oscillate along semi-circular path.
(f) If u  2g
The velocity of particle remains zero between A and
C but tension will not be zero and the particle will
oscillate about the point A.
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 55
SUMMARY
 
CIRCULAR MOTION   lim
  d

t  0 dt dt
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCULAR MOTION: (i) It is a vector quantity.
(ii) Its direction is that of change in angular velocity.
Introduction to Circular Motion (iii) Unit: rad / sec2
0 0 2
When an object moves in a circle its velocity is tangent (iv) Dimension: M L T
to that circle. The force towards the centre constantly
Relation Between Angular Acceleration and Linear
changes the direction of the velocity. Without that force
Acceleration
the object would keep moving in a straight line instead.
a  r
  
Various parameters in circular motion In vector form a    r
Angular Displacement: Radial Acceleration:

Angle subtended by position vector of a particle moving In a uniform circular motion, “the acceleration of the
along any arbitrary path w.r.t. some fixed point is called object is along the radius, directed towards the centre”
angular displacement. is called radial acceleration.
v2
ar 
Angular Velocity: r
It is defined as the rate of change of angular Tangential Acceleration:
displacement of a body or particle moving in a circular
The tangential component is defined as the component
path.
of angular acceleration tangential to the circular path.
The unit of measurement is m.s 2 . The mathematical
(ii) Its direction is the same as that of angular
representation is given as:
displacement i.e. perpendicular to the plane of
 
rotation.  v v
a t  2 1 Where,
t
Types of Angular Velocity: ● at is the tangential component
(a) Average Angular Velocity: ● t is the time period
 Total angular displacement
 av  ● v1 and v2 are the respective velocities of the two
Total time taken objects in a circular motion
(b) Instantaneous Angular velocity:
The instantaneous angular velocity is defined as the
angular velocity at some particular instant.
2. UNIFORM AND NON-UNIFORM CIRCULAR
Instantaneous angular velocity MOTION
 d
  lim 
t
t 0 dt Uniform Circular Motion
Angular Acceleration: In uniform circular motion, the ‘speed’ of the particle is
The rate of change of angular velocity with respect to constant. In other words, while the direction of the
the time is defined as angular acceleration. velocity is changing, it’s magnitude is constant. And
this means that its angular velocity (number of radians
If  be change in angular velocity in time  t , then
covered per second) is also constant.
angular acceleration
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 56
Non-Uniform Circular Motion Banking of Roads

Non-uniform circular motion denotes a change in the The maximum permissible velocity with which a
speed of a particle moving along a circular path. vehicle can go round a level curved road without
skidding depends on  , the coefficient of friction
between the tyres and the road. The value of 
3. CENTRIPETAL FORCE AND
decreases when road is smooth or tyres of the vehicle
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE are worn out or the road is wet and so on. Thus force of
friction is not a reliable source for providing the
Centripetal Force: required centripetal force to the vehicle.
(i) A body or particle moving in a curved path always
moves effectively in a circle at any instant.
Bending of a Cyclist
(ii) The velocity of the particle changes moving on the
When a cyclist takes a turn, he also requires some
curved path, this change in velocity is brought by a
centripetal force. If he keeps himself vertical while
force known as centripetal force and the
turning, his weight is balanced by the normal reaction
acceleration so produced in the body is known as
of the ground. In that event, he has to depend upon
centripetal acceleration.
force of friction between the tyres and the road for
(iii) The direction of centripetal force or acceleration is obtaining the necessary centripetal force. As force of
always towards the centre of the circular path. friction is small and uncertain, dependence on it is not
v2 safe.
Fc  m
r
This is the expression for centripetal force
(i) It is a vector quantity 5. VERTICAL CIRCULAR MOTION
(ii) In vector form
Motion of a body suspended by string:
 mv2 mv2  This is the best example of non-uniform circular
Fc  .rˆ   2 r
r r motion.
Centrifugal Force: When the body rises from the bottom to the height h
apart of its kinetic energy converts into potential energy
Centrifugal force is a pseudo force of centripetal force
in a circular motion which acts along the radius and is Total mechanical energy remains conserved
directed away from the centre of the circle. The force Total (P.E. + K.E.) at A = Total (P.E. + K.E.) at P
does not exist when measurements are made in an 1 1
inertial frame of reference. It only comes into play  0  mu 2  mgh  mv 2
2 2
when changing our reference frame from a
 v u 2  2 gh  u 2  2 g  1  cos  
ground/inertial to a rotating reference frame.
4. APPLICATIONS OF CIRCULAR MOTION
Rounding a Level Curved Road

When a vehicle goes round a curved road, it requires
some centripetal force. While rounding the curve, the
wheels of the vehicle have a tendency to leave the
[Where  is length of the string]
curved path and regain the straight-line path. Force of
friction between the wheels and the road opposes this
tendency of the wheels. This force (of friction) Tension at a point P :
therefore, acts, towards the centre of the circular track 2
(i) At point P required centripetal force  mv
and provides the necessary centripetal force. 
SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 57
(a) Net force towards the centre : (b) Tension at point B:

T – mgcos  , which provides required centripetal
mvB2
force. TB   mg

mu 2
TB   5mg

   180 
(c) Tension at point C :
mvC2
TC 

mu 2
TC   2 mg

mv 2
 T  mg cos    Here   90  

v2 Thus we conclude that
T  m[ g cos   ]
 T A  TC  TB

m 2
[u  g   2  3cos  ] and also TA  TB  6 mg

TA  TC  3 mg
(b) Tangential force for the motion
TC  TB  3 mg
Ft  mg sin 
This force retards the motion
(ii) Results:
(a) Tension at the lowest point A :

mv A2
TA   mg

 Here,   0
mu 2
TA   mg

SCAN CODE
CIRCULAR MOTION
CIRCULAR MOTION 58
EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Characteristics of Circular Motion 7. A body is revolving with a uniform speed V in a circle
1. The linear and angular acceleration of a particle are of radius r. The linear acceleration of the body is -
10 m/sec2 and 5 rad/sec2 respectively it will be at a
V
distance from the axis of rotation - (a)
r
(a) 50 m (b) 1/2 m
(b) Zero
(c) 1 m (d) 2 m
2. A tachometer is a device to measure - V2
(c) along the radius and towards the centre
(a) gravitational pull (b) speed of rotation r
(c) surface tension (d) tension in a spring
3. Two cars of masses m1 and m2 are moving along the circular V2
(d) along the radius and away from the centre
path of radius r1 and r2. They take one round in the same r
time. The ratio of angular velocities of the two cars will
8. A particle is moving along a circular path with uniform
be-
speed. Through what angle does its angular velocity
(a) m1 : m2 (b) r1 : r2 change when it completes half of the circular path ?
(c) 1 : 1 (d) m1 r1 : m2 r2 (a) 0° (b) 45°
4. The angular velocity of earth about its axis of rotation is- (c) 180° (d) 360°
2 9. What is the angular velocity in rad/s of a fly wheel making
(a) rad / sec
(60  60  24) 300 r.p.m. ?
(a) 600  (b) 20 
2
(b) rad / sec (c) 10  (d) 30
(60  60)
10. A particle covers equal distance around a circular path, in
2 equal intervals of time. Which of the following quantities
(c) rad / sec
60 connected with the motion of the particle remains constant
with time ?
2
(d) rad / sec (a) Displacement (b) Velocity
365  24  60  60
(c) Speed (d) Acceleration
5. A bottle of soda water is grasped by the neck and swing
briskly in a vertical circle. Near which portion of the bottle 11. The ratio of angular speed of hours hand and seconds
do the bubbles collect? hand of a clock is-
(a) near the near bottom (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 60
(b) in the middle of the bottle (c) 1 : 720 (d) 3600 : 1
(c) near the neck 12. The ratio of angular speeds of minutes hand and hour
(d) uniformly distributed in the bottle hand of a watch is -
6. A body is moving with a constant speed v in a circle of (a) 1 : 12 (b) 6 : 1

radius r. Its angular acceleration is- (c) 12 : 1 (d) 1:6
v 13. In circular motion, the centripetal acceleration is given by-

(a) Zero (b)
r    
(a) ar (b)  v
v2 v2
   
(c) a  v (d)  r
(c) (d)
r2 r
CIRCULAR MOTION 59
14. A particle moves in a circle of radius 25 cm at two 21. In the figure, a particle is shown travelling counter-
revolutions per second. The acceleration of particle in clockwise in a circle of radius 10 m. The acceleration vector
m/s2 is - is indicated at a specific time. Find the value of 'v' (in m/s)
(a) 2 (b) 82 at this time.
(c) 4 2 (d) 22
15. Two bodies of masses 10 kg and 5 kg are moving on Uniform and Non-uniform Circular Motion
concentric orbits of radii R and r such that their period of
22. In applying the equation for motion with uniform angular
revolution are same. The ratio of their centripetal
acceleration  = 0 +  t, the radian measure -
acceleration is in the same order as given.
(a) must be used for both  and 
R r
(a) (b) (b) may be used for both  and 
r R
(c) may be used for  but not 
2 2 (d) cannot be used for both  and 
R r
(c) (d)
r2 R2 23. A wheel starts rotating at 10 rad/sec and attains the
angular velocity of 100 rad/sec in 15 seconds. What is
16. A particle is moving along a circular path of radius 2m with
–1
uniform speed of 5 ms . What will be the change in velocity the angular acceleration in rad/sec2?
when the particle completes half of the revolution? (a) 10 (b) 110/15
–1
(a) Zero (b) 10 ms (c) 100/15 (d) 6
10 24. A particle is moving in a horizontal circle with constant

(c) 10 2 ms 1
(d) ms1 speed. State whether, the-
2
(a) K.E. is constant
17. A particle is moving along a circular path of radius 5m with
–1 (b) P.E. is constant
a uniform speed 5 ms . What will be the average
acceleration when the particle completes half revolution? (c) Both K.E. and P.E. are constant
(a) Zero (b) 10 ms
–1 (d) Neither K.E. nor P.E. are constant
25. A stone of mass m is tied to a string of length  and
–2 10 2
(c) 10 ms (d) ms whirled in a circle with a constant speed v. If the string is

released, the stone flies-
18. A particle moves in circular path with uniform speed v. (a) radially outward
The change in its velocity on rotating through 60º is -
(b) radially inward
v (c) tangentially outward
(a) v 2 (b)
2
(d) with an acceleration mv2/ 
(c) v (d) Zero 26. If a particle moves in a circle describing equal angles in
19. A particle is moving along a circular path of radius equal intervals of time, its velocity vector –
6 m with uniform speed of 8 ms –1 . The average
(a) remains constant
acceleration when the particle completes one half of
the revolution is - (b) changes in magnitude
(c) changes in direction
16 32
(a) m/s2 (b) m/s2 (d) changes both in magnitude and direction
3 3
27. In uniform circular motion-
64
(c) m/s2 (d) None of these (a) both velocity and acceleration are constant
3
20. A particle stats from rest and moves in a circular motion (b) acceleration and speed are constant but velocity
2 changes
with constant angular acceleration of 2 rad / s . The
number of revolutions completed by the particle during (c) both acceleration and velocity change
(d) both acceleration and speed are constant
k
the first 4s is rev , where k is:

CIRCULAR MOTION 60
28. When a body moves with a constant speed along a circle-

(a) no work is done on it  v4 2  v2 2
(c)  2  a  (d)  2  a 
(b) no acceleration is produced in the body r  r 
(c) no force acts on the body
(d) its velocity remains constant 34. The angular velocity of a particle moving in a circle of
radius 50 cm is increased in 5 min from 100 revolutions per
29. A wheel is subjected to uniform angular acceleration about
its axis. Initially its angular velocity is zero. In the first minute to 400 revolutions per minute. Find tangential
2 sec, it rotates through an angle ; in the next 2 sec, it acceleration of the particle.
2 2
rotates through an additional angle 2. The ratio of 2 /1 (a) 60 m/s (b) /30 m/s
is- (c) /15 m/s
2
(d) /60 m/s
2
(a) 1 (b) 2
35. A particle moves in a circle of a radius 30 cm. Its linear
(c) 3 (d) 5
speed is given by : v = 2t, where t in second and v in
30. A grinding wheel attained a velocity of 20 rad/sec in m/s. Find out its radial and tangential acceleration at
5 sec starting from rest. Find the number of revolutions t = 3 sec. respectively :
made by the wheel. 2 2 2 2
(a) 220 m/sec , 50 m/sec (b) 100 m/sec , 5 m/sec
 1 2 2 2 2
(a) revolution per sec (b) revolution per sec (c) 120 m/sec , 2 m/sec (d) 110 m/sec , 10 m/sec
25 
25
(c) revolution (d) None Centripetal and Centrifugal Force

36. A body of mass m is moving in a circle of radius r with a
31. A wheel having a diameter of 3 m starts from rest and
constant speed v. The force on the body is mv2/r and it is
accelerates uniformly to an angular velocity of
directed towards the centre. What is the work done by this
210 r.p.m. in 5 seconds. Angular acceleration of the
force in moving the body over half the circumference of
wheel is -
the circle?
rad rad
(a) 4.4 2 (b) 3.3
s s2 mv 2
(a) (b) zero
rad rad r  r
(c) 2.2 (d) 1.1 2
s2 s
32. A particle completes 3 revolutions per second on a mv 2 r 2
circular path of radius 8 cm. Find the values of angular (c) (d)
r mv 2
velocity and centripetal acceleration of the particle -
37. Centrifugal force is considerd as pseudo force when
rad cm rad cm
(a) 6 ; 2882 2 (b)  ; 2752 2 (a) An observer is at the centre of circular motion
s s s s
(b) An outside observer
rad cm
(c) 6 ; 288 2 (d) None (c) An observer who is moving with the particle which is
s s experiencing the force
33. A car is travelling with linear velocity v on a circular road (d) None of the above
of radius r. If it is increasing it speed at the rate of 'a'
metre/sec2, then the resultant acceleration will be- 38. A stone of mass 0.5 kg tied with a string of length 1 metre
is moving in a horizontal circular path with a speed of 4 m/
 v2  v4 sec. The tension acting on the string in Newton is-
2 2
(a)  2  a  (b)  2  a 
r  r  (a) 2 (b) 8
(c) 0.2 (d) 0.8
CIRCULAR MOTION 61
39. A particle is acted upon by a force of constant 44. What happens to centripital force of a revolving body if
magnitude which is always perpendicular to the velocity you double the orbital speed v and halve the angular
of the particle. The motion of the particle takes place in velocity -
a plane. it follows that– (a) Centripetal force remains unchanged
(a) its velocity is constant (b) Centripital force is halved
(b) its acceleration is constant (c) Centripital force is doubled
(c) its kinetic energy is constant (d) Centripital force is quadrupled
(d) it moves in straight line 45. If both the speed and radius of circular path of a
revolving body are doubled, the magnitude of centripetal
40. A particle is acted upon by a constant force always
force will be
normal to the direction of motion of the particle. It is
therefore inferred that- (a) equal to the former
(a) Its velocity is constant (b) twice the former
(b) It moves in a straight line (c) 4 times the former
(c) Its speed is constant (d) 8 times the former
(d) It moves in circular path 46. A string of length 1 m is fixed at one end and carries
a mass of 100 gm at the other end. The string makes
(a) a, d (b) c, d
(2/) revolutions per second around vertical axis through
(c) a, b (d) a, b, c the fixed end. Calculate the tension in the string-
41. A cyclist taking turn bends inwards while a car (a) 1.0 N (b) 1.6 N
passenger taking the same turn is thrown outwards.
(c) 2 N (d) 4 N
The reason is -
47. A chain of 125 links is 1.25 m long and has a mass of
(a) that car is heavier than cycle 2 kg with the ends fastened together it is set rotating
(b) that car has four wheels, while cycle has only two
rev
(c) that cyclist has to counteract the centrifugal force, at 3000 . Find the centripetal force on each link -
min
while the passenger is only thrown by it
(d) the difference in the speed of the two (a) 3.14 N (b) 314 N
42. What happens to the centripetal acceleration of a revolving 1 1

body if you double the orbital speed v and halve the angular (c) N (d) N
3.14 314
velocity  ?
48. The earth, radius 6400 km, makes one revolution about
(a) the centripetal acceleration remains unchanged
its own axis in 24 hours. The centripetal acceleration of
(b) the centripetal acceleration is halved a point on its equator is nearly -
(c) the centripetal acceleration is doubled
cm cm
(d) the centripetal acceleration is quadrupled (a) 340 (b) 3.4
sec 2 sec 2
43. The breaking tension of a string is 10 N. A particle of mass
cm cm
0.1 kg tied to it is rotated along a horizontal circle of radius (c) 34 (d) 0.34
2
0.5 metre. The maximum speed with which the particle can sec sec 2
be rotated without breaking the string is- 49. A stone of mass 0.1 kg tied to one end of a string
1.0 m long is revolved in a horizontal circle at the rate
(a) 5 m/sec (b)  50  m/sec of 10/ revolution per second. Calculate the tension of
the string ?
(c)  500  m/sec (d) 1000  m/sec (a) 30 N (b) 40 N
(c) 50 N (d) 60 N
CIRCULAR MOTION 62
50. A coin placed on a rotating turn table just slips if it is 56. A cyclist turns around a curve at 15 miles/hour. If he turns
at a distance of 40 cm from the centre if the angular at double the speed, the tendency to overturn is-
velocity of the turntable is doubled, it will just slip at (a) doubled (b) quadrupled
a distance of (c) halved (d) unchanged
(a) 10 cm (b) 20 cm 57. When the road is dry and the coefficient of friction is
(c) 40 cm (d) 80 cm , the maximum speed of a car in a circular path is
51. A stone of mass 0.5 kg tied with a string of length 1 m 10 m/s, if the road becomes wet and ’ = /2. What is
the maximum speed permitted ?
is moving in a circular path with a speed of 4 m/sec.
Find centripetal acceleration. (a) 5 m/s (b) 10 m/s
(a) 16 m/s (b) 16 m/s2 (c) 10 2 m/s (d) 5 2 m/s

(c) 2 m/s2 (d) 8 m/s2 58. A car of mass 1000 kg moves on a circular track of
52. A string can bear a maximum tension of 100 Newton radius 20 m. if the coefficient of friction is 0.64, what is
the maximum velocity with which the car can be moved?
without breaking. A body of mass 1 kg is attached to
one end of 1 m length of thin string and it is revolved (a) 1.12 m/s (b) 11.2 m/s
in a horizontal plane. The maximum linear velocity which
0.64  20 0.64  20
can be imparted to the body without breaking the string, (c) m/s (d) m/s
1000 100
will be -
59. On an unbanked road, a cyclist negotiating a bend of radius
(a) 10 m/s (b) 1 m/s
r at velocity v must lean inwards by an angle  equal to -
(c) 100 m/s (d) 1000 m/s (a) tan–1 (v2/g) (b) tan–1 (g/v)
53. A force of constant magnitude F = 10 N acts on a particle (c) tan–1 (v2 / gr) (d) tan–1 (rg/v2)
moving in a plane such that it is perpendicular to the 60. A cyclist is moving on a circular track of radius 80 m with a
  velocity of 72 km/hr. He has to lean from the vertical
 
velocity v v v  5 m / s of the body, and the force is approximately through an angle
always directed towards a fixed point. Then the angle (a) tan–1 (1/4) (b) tan–1 (1)
(in radian) turned by the velocity vector of the particle as (c) tan–1 (1/2) (d) tan–1 (2)
it covers a distance S = 10 m is (take: mass of the particle 61. Keeping the banking angle same to increase the maximum
as m = 2 kg) speed with which a vehicle can travel on a curved road by
54. A particle describes a horizontal circle in a conical funnel 10%, the radius of curvature of road has to be changed
from 20 m to-
whose inner surface is smooth with speed of 0.5 m/s. What
is the height of the plane of circle from vertex of the funnel (a) 16 m (b) 18 m
(in cm) (c) 24.25 m (d) 30.5 m
62. A motor cyclist moving with a velocity of 72 km per hour
Applications of Circular Motion on a flat road takes a turn on the road at a point where the
radius of curvature of the road is 20 metres. The acceleration
55. A car of mass m is taking a circular turn of radius 'r' on a
due to gravity is 10 m/s2. In order to avoid skidding, he
frictional level road with a speed v. In order that the car
must not bend with respect to the vertical plane byan angle
does not skid-
greater than-
Where '' is coefficient of friction
(a) = tan–1 (6) (b)  = tan–1 (2)
mv2 mv2 (c)  = tan–1 (25.92) (d)  = tan–1(4)
(a)  mg (b)  mg
r r
mv2 v
(c) = mg (d) = mg
r r
CIRCULAR MOTION 63
63. A person with a mass of M kg stands in contact against 68. A block of mass m slides down along the surface of the
the wall of the cylindrical drum of radius r rotating with bowl from the rim to the bottom as shown in fig. The velocity
an angular velocity . The coefficient of friction between of the block at the bottom will be-
the wall and the clothing is . The minimum rotational
speed of the cylinder which enables the person to remain
stuck to the wall when the floor is suddenly removed
is -
g r
(a) min = (b) min = g
r
(a) Rg (b) 2 Rg

2g gr
(c) min = (d) min =
r  (c) 2Rg (d) gR
69. A sphere is suspended by a thread of length l. What

Vertical Circular Motion minimum horizontal velocity is to be imparted to the sphere
for it to reach the height of suspension?
64. A particle is projected so as to just move along a vertical
circle of radius r. The ratio of the tension in the string when (a) g (b) g l
the particle is at the lowest and highest point on the circle
is - (c) 2g (d) /g
(a) 1 (b) finite but large 70. A particle rests on the top of the hemisphere of radius R.
(c) zero (d) Infinite The small horizontal velocity that must be imparted to the
65. A body of mass 2 kg is moving in a vertical of radius 2 m. particle if it is to leave the hemisphere without sliding down.
The work done when it moves from the lowest point to the is-
highest point is- (a) v = (2gR)1/2 (b) v = (gR/2)1/2
(a) 80 J (b) 40 J (c) v = (gR)1/2 (d) v = (2g/R)1/2
(c) 20 J (d) 0 71. A mass m is revolving in a vertical circle at the end of a
66. A motor - cycle is moving in a vertical circular path. At string of length 20 cm. By how much does the tension of
what stage will the speed of the motor cycle be the string at the lowest point exceed the tension at the top
maximum ? most point?
(a) At the highest point of the path (a) 2 mg (b) 4 mg
(b) At the lowest point of the path (c) 6 mg (d) 8 mg
(c) At the mid height of the path 72. A body of mass m crosses the top most point of a vertical
circle with critical speed. What will be tension in string
(d) At all the points in the path
when it is horizontal-
67. A body of mass 10 kg is rotated in vertical circle of radius
(a) mg (b) 2 mg
4 cm at constant angular velocity of 5 rad/ sec. The maximum
tension in the string is- (c) 3 mg (d) 6 mg
(a) 100 N (b) 600 N 73. An aeroplane flying at 100 m/sec dives in a vertical
plane along the circle of radius 200 m. The mass of the
(c) 110 N (d) 1100 N
pilot is 75 kg. The force exterted by seat on pilot when
the pilot is at the lowest point is
(a) 450 kg wt (b) 250 kg wt
(c) 300 kg wt (d) 100 kg wt
CIRCULAR MOTION 64
74. A can filled with water is revolved in a vertical circle of 76. The roadway bridge over a canal is in the form of a circular
radius 4 metre and the water just does not fall down. The arc of radius 18 m. What is the greatest speed with which a
time period of revolution will be - motor cycle can cross the bridge without leaving ground.
(a) 1 sec (b) 10 sec (a) 98 m/s (b) 18  9.8 m/s
(c) 8 sec (d) 4 sec
(c) 18 × 9.8 m/s (d) 18/9.8 m/s
75. A 2 kg stone at the end of a string 1m long is whirled in a
77. The maximum speed with which a car can cross a convex
vertical circle at a constant speed. The speed of the stone
bridge over a river with radius of curvature 9 m is :
is 4 m /sec. The tension in the string will be 52 N when the
(given that the centre of gravity of car is 1m above the
stone is-
road)
(a) at the top of the circle
(a) 50 m/s (b) 30 m/s
(b) at the bottom of the circle
(c) 20 m/s (d) 10 m/s
(c) half way down
CIRCULAR MOTION 65
EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEARS JEE MAIN QUESTIONS
1. A modern grand-prix racing car of mass m is travelling 4. A disc with a flat small bottom beaker placed on it at a
on a flat track in a circular arc of radius R with a speed distance R from its center is revolving about an axis
passing through the center and perpendicular to its
v. If the coefficient of static friction between the tyres
plane with an angular velocity . The coefficient of
and the track is s, then the magnitude of negative lift static friction between the bottom of the beaker and the
FL acting downward on the car is: (Assume forces on surface of the disc is . The beaker will revolve with
the four tyres are identical and g = acceleration due to the disc if : (JEE Main 2022)
g g
gravity) (2021) (a) r  2 (b) r  2
2 
g g
(c) r  2 (d) r  2
2 
5. For a particle in uniform circular motion, the

acceleration a at any point P(R, ) on the circular path
of radius R is (when  is measured from the positive x
axis and v is uniform speed) : (JEE Main 2022)
v 2 v2
(a) sin  iˆ  cos  ˆj
R R
v 2 v2
(b) cos  iˆ  sin  ˆj
 v2   v2  R R
(a) m   g (b) m  g
 S R   S R  v 2 v2
(c) cos  iˆ  sin  ˆj
 v2   v2  R R
(c) m  g   (d) m  g  
S R  S R  v 2 ˆ v 2 ˆ
  (d) i j
R R
2. A boy ties a stone of mass 100 g to the end of a 2 m
6. A stone tide to a string of length L is whirled in a
long string and whirls it around in a horizontal plane.
vertical circle with the other end of the string at the
The string can withstand the maximum tension of 80
centre. At a certain instant of time, the stone is at its
N. If the maximum speed with which the stone can
lowest position and has a speed u. The magnitude of
K
revolve is rev/min. The value of K is (Assume the change in its velocity. as it reaches a position where

string is massless and unstretchable) the string is horizontal, is  
x u 2  gL . The value of x
(JEE Main 2022) is (JEE Main 2022)
(a) 400 (b) 300 (a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 600 (d) 800 (c) 1 (d) 5
3. A stone of mass m. tied to a string is being whirled in a 7. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of
vertical circle with a uniform speed. The tension in the
constant radius r such that its centripetal acceleration
suing is (JEE Main 2022)
(a) the same throughout the motion (a) is varying with time t as a  k 2 rt 2 , where k is a
(b) minimum at the highest position of the circular
constant. The power delivered to the particle by the
path
(c) minimum at the lowest position of the circular force acting on it is given as (JEE Main 2022)
path (a) zero (b) mk2r2t2
(d) minimum when the rope is in the horizontal
(c) mk2r2t (d) mk2rt
position
CIRCULAR MOTION 66
8. A smooth circular groove has a smooth vertical wall as (c) v  4 ˆjm / s,a  8iˆm / s 2
shown in figure. A block of mass m moves against the
wall with a speed v. Which of the following curve (d) v  4iˆm / s,a  8 ˆjm / s 2
represents the correct relation between the normal 11. A body is moving with constant speed, in a circle of
reaction on the block by the wall (N) and speed of the radius 10 m. The body completes one revolution in 4 s.
block (v) ? (JEE Main 2022) At the end of 3rd second, the displacement of body (in
m) from its starting point is: (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 30 (b) 15π
(c) 5π (d) 10 2
12. A stone of mass 1 kg is tied to end of a massless string
of length 1m. If the breaking tension of the string is
400N, then maximum linear velocity, the stone can
have without breaking the string, while rotating in
horizontal plane, is: (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 40ms1 (b) 10ms 1
(c) 20ms1 (d) 400ms 1
13. A car is moving on a circular path of radius 600m such
(a) that the magnitudes of the tangential acceleration and
centripetal acceleration are equal. The time taken by
the car to complete first quarter of revolution, if it is
moving with an initial speed of 54km/hr is
t 1  e  / 2  s . The value of t is (JEE Main 2023)
(b) 14. A stone tied to 180 cm long string at its end is making
28 revolutions in horizontal circle in every minute. The
1963 2
magnitude of acceleration of stone is ms . The
x
value of x ________. (JEE Main 2023)
15. A closed circular tube of average radius 15 cm, whose
(c) inner walls are rough, is kept in vertical plane. A block
of mass 1 kg just fit inside the tube. The speed of block
is 22 m/s, when it is introduced at the top of tube. After
completing five oscillations, the block stops at the
bottom region of tube. The work done by the tube on
the block is __________ J.
(d) (Given g = 10 m/s2). (JEE Main 2023)
9. A curved in a level road has a radius 75 m. The
maximum speed of a car turning this curved road can
be 30 m/s without skidding. If radius of curved road is
changed to 48 m and the coefficient of friction between
the tyres and the road remains same, then maximum
allowed speed would be m/s. (JEE Main 2022)
10. An object moves at a constant speed along a circular
path in horizontal plane with centre at the origin. When
the object is at x  2m , its velocity is 4 ˆjm / s . The
object’s velocity (v) and acceleration (a) at x  2m
will be (JEE Main 2023)
(a) v  4iˆ m / s,a  8 ˆjm / s 2
(b) v  4 ˆjm / s,a  8iˆm / s 2

CIRCULAR MOTION 67
EXERCISE - 3: ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Single Choice Questions 5. In the above question, the tangential speed of the water
1. A car is moving with a speed of 30 m/sec on a circular drop on leaving the rim of the umbrella is :
path of radius 500 m. Its is increasing at the rate of 2 (a) 3 m/s (b) 1.5 m/s
m/sec2. What is the acceleration of the car?
(c) 1 m/s (d) 2.5 m/s
(a) 9.8 m/sec2 (b) 2.7 m/sec2
(c) 2.4 m/sec2 (d) 1.8 m/sec2 6. In the above question, the locus of the drops is a circle of
radius :
2. Two moving particles P and Q are 10 m apart at a certain
instant. The velocity of P is 8 m/s making 30º with the line (a) 3 m (b) 1.5 m
joining P and Q and that of Q is 6 m/s making an angle (c) 1 m (d) 2.5 m
30º with PQ as shown in the firuge .Then angular
velocity of P with respect to Q is- 7. Two identical particles, A and B, are attached to a string of
length 2l, A to middle and B to one of the ends. The string
is whirled in a horizontal circle, with the end O fixed. If the
kinetic energy of B relative to A is E, then the absolute
kinetic energies of A and B are
(a) 0 rad/s (b) 0.1 rad/s

(c) 0.4 rad/s (d) 0.7 rad/s
3. A racing car is travelling along a track at a constant
speed of 40 m/s. A T.V. camera men is recording the
event from a distance of 30 m directly away from the
track as shown in figure. In order to keep the car under
view in the position shown, the angular speed with
which the camera should be rotated, is- (a) E and E (b) E and 4E
(c) 4E and E (d) E and 3E
8. If the equation for the displacement of a particle moving
on a circular path is given by :
3
 = 2t + 0.5
where  is in radian and t in second, then the angular
velocity of the particle at t = 2 sec
(a) 4/3 rad/sec (b) 3/4 rad/sec (a) 8 rad/sec (b) 12 rad/sec
(c) 8/3 3 rad/sec (d) 1 rad/sec (c) 24 rad/sec (d) 36 rad/sec
9. A particle moves in a uniform circular motion. Choose the
4. A wet, open umbrella is held vertical and is twirled about
wrong statement :
the handle at a uniform rate of 21 revolutions in 44 second.
If the rim of the umbrella is a circle of 1 metre in diameter (a) The particle moves with constant speed
and the height of the rim above the floor is 4.9 metre, then (b) The acceleration is always normal to the velocity
the angular speed of the umbrella is : (c) The particle moves with uniform acceleration
(a) 3 radian/sec (b) 1.5 radian/sec (d) The particle moves with variable velocity
(c) 1 radian/sec (d) 2.5 radian/sec
CIRCULAR MOTION 68
10. A particle is moving on a circular track of radius 30 cm with 17. A rubber band of length l has a stone of mass m tied
a constant speed of 6 m/s. It acceleration is : to its one end. It is whirled with speed v so that the
(a) zero (b) 120 m/s2 stone describes a horizontal circular path. The tension
(c) 1.2 m/s2 (d) 36 m/s2 T in the rubber band is -
11. Let a r and a t represent radial and tangential acceleration. (a) zero (b) mv2 /l
The motion of a particle may be circular if: (c) > (mv2)/l (d) < mv2 /l
18. A circular turn table of radius 0.5 m has a smooth
(a) a r  0, a t  0 (b) a r  0, a t  0
groove as shown in fig. A ball of mass 90 g is placed
(c) a r  0, a t  0 (d) None of these inside the groove along with a spring of spring constant
102 N/cm. The ball is at a distance of 0.1 m from the
12. A point moves along a circle with velocity v = at where a
centre when the turn table is at rest. On rotating the
0.5 m/sec2. Then the total acceleration of the point at the
turn table with a constant angular velocity of
moment when it covered (1/10) th of the circle after
10 2 rad-sec–1 the ball moves away from the initial
beginning of motion -
position by a distance nearly equal to-
(a) 0.5 m/sec2 (b) 0.6 m/sec2
(c) 0.7 m/sec2 (d) 0.8 m/sec2
13. A particle P is moving in a circle of radius 'a' with a
uniform speed v. C is the centre of the circle and AP
is diameter. The angular velocity of P about A and C
are in the ratio-
(a) 1 :1 (b) 1 : 2
(a) 10–1 m (b) 10–2 m
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 1
(c) 10–3 m (d) 2 × 10–1 m
14. A particle is moving along a circular path of radius 3
meter in such a way that the distance travelled measured 19. A particle of mass m is attached to one end of a string
along the circumference is given by of length l while the other end is fixed to a point h
above the horizontal table, the particle is made to revolve
t2 t3 in a circle on the table so as to make p revolutions per
S=  . The accelration of particle when t = 2 sec
2 3 second. The maximum value of p if the particle is to be
is- in contact with the table will be-
(a) 1.3 m/s2 (b) 13 m/s2
(c) 3 m/s 2 (d) 10 m/s2
(a) 2 gh (b) g / h
15. A partcile of mass m is moving in a circular path of 1
constant radius r such that its centripetal acceleration (c) 2 h / g (d) g / h
2
ac is varying with time t as ac= k2 r t2, where k is a
20. A gramophone record is revolving with an angular
constant, the power delivered to the particle by the
velocity  . A coin is placed at a distance r from the
forces acting on it is-
centre of the record. The static coefficient of friction is
(a) 2 m k2 r2 t (b) m k2 r2 t . The coin will revolve with the record if-
(c) (m k4 r2 t5)/3 (d) 0
(a) r > g 2 (b) r = g /2 only
16. Two particle of equal masses are revolving in circular
(c) r < g /2 only (d) r  g /2
paths of radii r1 and r2 respectively with the same speed.
The ratio of their centripetal forces is : 21. A smooth table is placed horizontally and an ideal spring
of spring constant k = 1000 N/m and unextended length
r2 r2 of 0.5 has one end fixed to its centre. The other end is
(a) (b)
r1 r1 attached to a mass of 5 kg which is moving in a circle
2
with constant speed 20 m/s. then the tension in the
2
r  r  spring and the extension of this spring beyond its normal
(c)  1 
 (d)  2 

 r2   r1  length are-
(a) 1200 N, 1.2, m (b) 600 N, 0.6, m
(c) 700 N, 0.7, m (d) 800 N, 0.8 m
CIRCULAR MOTION 69
22. A body of mass 2 kg is tied at one end of a string

1 m long. The other end is fixed and the body revolves
in a horizontal circle. The maximum tension which the
string can withstand is 2000 N. Calculate the maximum
number of revolutions per minute the body will make
and its linear velocity when the string just breaks-
(a) 203 rpm, 13.6 m/sec (b) 32 rpm, 16.3 m/sec
(c) 302 rpm, 61.3 m/sec (d) 300 rpm, 31.6 m/sec
23. If mass, speed and radius of rotation of a body moving
in a circular path are all increased by 50%, the necessary
force required to maintain the body moving in the (a) 10 / 3 rad/sec
circular path will have to be increased by-
(b) 10 3 rad/sec
(a) 225% (b) 125%
(c)150% (d)100 % (c) 10 rad/sec
24. A coin placed on a rotating turn table just slips if it (d) 20 rad/sec
is paced at a distace of 4 cm from the centre. If the
28. A motorcyclist wants to drive on the vertical surface of
angular velocity of the turn table is doubled, it will just
wooden ‘well’ or radius 5 m, with a minimum speed of
slip at a distance of-
(a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm 5 5 m/s. The minimum value of coefficient of friction
between the tyres and the wall of the well must be :
(c) 4 cm (d) 8 cm
(take g = 10 m/s2)
25. The kinetic energy of a particle moving along a circle
of radius R depends on the distance covered s as (a) 0.10 (b) 0.20
T = Ks2 where K is a constant. Find the force acting (c) 0.30 (d) 0.40
on the particle as a function of s - 29. A smooth wire is bent into a vertical circle of radius a.
A bead P can slide smoothly on the wire. The circle is
2 2 rotated about diameter AB as axis with a speed  as
2K s  R
(a) 1   (b) 2Ks 1    shown in figure. The bead P is at rest with respect to
s R  s 
the circular ring in the position shown. Then 2 is equal
to-
2 2
s  2s R
(c) 2Ks 1    (d) 1   (a) 2g /a (b) 2g / (a 3)
R K  s 
(c) 2 3g / a (d) 2a / (g 3)
26. An unbanked curve has a radius of 60 m. The maximum
speed at which a car can make a turn if the coefficient of 30. A heavy small sized sphere is suspended by a string of
static friction is 0.75 is : length . The sphere rotates uniformly in a horizontal
(a) 2.1 m/s (b) 14 m/s circle with the string making an angle  with the vertical.
Then the time period of this conical pendulum is-
(c) 21 m/s (d) 7 m/s
27. A particle P will be in equilibrium inside a hemispherical  l sin  
bowl of radius 0.5 m at a height 0.2 m from the bottom when (a) T = 2 (b) T=2  
 g 
the bowl is rotated at an angular speed
( g = 10 m/sec2)
 l cos    l 
(c) T = 2   (d) T=2  g cos  
 g   
CIRCULAR MOTION 70
31. A car is moving with a speed v on a road inclined at 36. The vertical section of a road over a canal bridge in the
an angle  in a circular arc of radius r, the minimum direction of its length is in the form of circle of radius
coefficent of friction so that the car does not slip 8.9 metre. Then the greatest speed at which the car can
away- cross this bridge wihout losing contact with the road at
its hgihest point, the centre of gravity of the car being
v2 v2 at a height h = 1.1 metre from the ground. Take
(a) =  tan  (b)  
rg rg g = 10 m/sec2-
(a) 5 m/sec (b) 10 m/sec

v 2 cos   rg sin  v 2 cos   rg sin  (c) 15 m/sec (d) 20 m/sec
(c) (d)
rg cos   v 2 sin  rg cos   v 2 sin 
37. A car while travelling at a speed of 72 km/hr. Passes
–1
32. If the banking angle of curved road is given by tan (3/5) through a curved portion of road in the form of an arc
and the radius of curvature of the road is 6 m, then the safe of a radius 10 m. If the mass of the car is 500 kg the
driving speed should not exceed : (g = 10 m/s2) reaction on the car at the lowest point P is-
(a) 86.4 km/h (b) 43.2 km/h (a) 25 kN (b) 50 kN
(c) 21.6 km/h (d) 30.4 km/h
(c) 75 kN (d) None of these
33. A circular road of radius 1000 m has banking angle 45°. The
maximum safe speed of a car having mass 200 kg will be, if 38. A stone is rotated steadily in a horizontal circle with a
the coefficient of friction between tyres and road is 0.5 : time period T by means of a string of length l. If the
tension in the string is kept constant and length l
(a) 172 m/s (b) 124 m/s
increase by 1%, then percentage change in time period
(c) 99 m/s (d) 86 m/s T is-
34. A simple pendulum is oscillating without damping. When
(a) 1 % (b) 0.5 %
the displacement of the bob is less than maximum, its

acceleration vector a is correctly shown in : (c) 2 % (d) 0.25 %
39. A stone of mass 1 kg tied to a light inextensible string

a of length 10/3 metre is whirled in a vertical circle. If the
(a) (b) ratio of maximum tension to minimum tension in the
string is 4, then speed of stone at highest point of the
circle is- [g = 10 m/s2]
a
(a) 20 m/s (b) 10 3 m/s
(c) 5 2 m/s (d) 10 m/s

(c) (d)
a 40. A partcle rests on the top of a hemisphere of radiu R.
a Find the smallest horizontal velocity that must be
imparted to the particle if it is to leave the hemisphere
35. A mass of 2.9 kg, is suspended from a string of length without sliding down it-
50 cm, and is at rest. Another body of mass 100 gm is
moving horizontally with a velocity of 150 m/sec, strikes (a) gR (b) 2gR
and sticks to it. What is the tension in the string when
it makes an angle of 60º with the vertical (c) 3gR (d) 5gR
(a) 153.3 N (b) 135.3 N
(c) 513.3 N (d) 351.3 N
CIRCULAR MOTION 71
41. A light rigid rod of length L has a bob of mass M attached

to one of its end just like a simple pendulum. Speed at the
lowest point when it is inverted and released is
(a) 10 m/s (b) 7 m/s
(a) gL (b) 2gL (c) 4 m/s (d) 2 m/s

45. A simple pendulum is released from rest from the point A at
(c) 2 gL (d) 5gL an angle 30° with vertical. Then :
42. A ball of mass m is attached to one end of a light rod of

length l, the other end of which is hinged. What minimum
velocity v should be imparted to the ball downwards, so
that it can complete the circle.
(a) vertical component of velocity of the bob is always

less than its, horizontal component.
(a) g (b) 5g  (b) vertical component of velocity is less than, equal to or
more than the horizontal component on different
(c) 3g  (d) 2g position.
43. A particle is given an initial speed u inside a smooth (c) vertical component of velocity is always more than
spherical shell of radius R = 1 m that it is just able to the horizontal component.
complete the circle. Acceleration of the particle when its
(d) acceleration of the bob is constant throughout.
velocity is vertical is
46. With what minimum speed v must a small ball should be
pushed inside a smooth vertical tube from a height h so that
it may reach the top of the tube ? Radius of the tube is R.
(a) g 10 (b) g
(c) g 2 (d) 3g 5
(a) 2 g h  2R  (b) R
44. A bob is suspended from a crane by a cable of length 2
 = 5 m. The crane and load are moving at a constant speed
v0. The crane is stopped by a bumper and the bob on the (c) g 5R  2h  (d) 2g 2R  h 
cable swings out an angle of 60°. The initial speed v0 is
(g = 9.8 m/s2)
CIRCULAR MOTION 72
47. A block of mass m, slides down along the surface of a bowl 52. A body of mass 1 kg attached to an inextensible string of
(radius R) from the rim to the bottom. The velocity of the length 1 m, is made to rotate in vertical circle about the free
block at the bottom will be : end. When body is at its highest position, the tension in
the string is 10 N. Then
(a) R g (b) 2  R g
(a) the tension in the string remains same for any position
of the body
(c) 2R g (d) gR
(b) its velocity at highest position is 20 m/s
48. A simple pendulum 1 metre long has a bob of 10 kg. If the
pendulum swings from a horizontal position, the K.E. of (c) its velocity at its lowest position is 50 m/s
the bob, at the instant it passes through the lowest position
of its path is (d) tension in the string at the lowest position of the body
(a) 89 joule (b) 95 joule is 70 N
(c) 98 joule (d) 85 joule 53. A simple pendulum of length L and mass (bob) m is
oscillating in a vertical plane about a vertical line between
Multiple Choice Questions angular limits – and  . For displacement      ,
49. A particle is moving in a circular path of radius 1 m such the tension in the string and velocity of bob are T and v
that its speed is varying with time as v = 2t m/s, here t is in respectively. the following relations hold good under the
sec. given a is the net acceleration and v is the velocity
above condition.
of the particle. (a) T cos   mg
1
(a) At t  s, angle between velocity and ascceleration mv 2
2 (b) T – mg cos  
L
45°
(c) tangential acceleration  g sin 
1 
(b) At t  s, a.v  2 2
(d) T  mg cos 
2
54. A small sphere of mass m suspended by a thread is first
1 
(c) At t  s,a.v  0 taken aside so that the thread forms the right angle with
2 the vertical and then released, then
  magnitude is independent of radial acceleration
(d) a.v (a) total acceleration of sphere as a function of  is
50. A particle moves in a circle of radius 20 cm. Its linear speed
g 1  3cos 2 
is givenn by v = 2t where t is in seconds and b in ms–1 then
(a) The radial acceleration at t = 2 s is 80 ms–2 (b) thread tension as a function of  is T  3mg cos 
–2
(b) Tangential acceleration at t = 2 s is 2 ms
(c) the angle  between the thread and the vertical at
(c) Net acceleration at t = 2 s is greater than 80 ms–2 the moment when the total acceleration vector of
(d) Tangential acceleration remains constant in magnitude
the sphere is directed horizontally is cos –1 1 3
51. A ball tied to a string is swung in a vertical circle. The
physical quantities which do not remain constant. (d) the thread tension at the moment when the vertical
component of the sphere’s velocity is maximum will
(a) Speed of ball (b) centripetal force
be mg
(c) tension in string (d) earth’s pull on ball
CIRCULAR MOTION 73
55. A horizontal cylinder is fixed, its inner surface is smooth Numeric Value Type Questions
and its radius is R. A small block is initially at the
56. A weightless thread can support tension up to 30 N. A
lowest point. The minimum velocity that should be given stone of mass 0.5 kg is tied to it and is revolved in a
to the block at the lowest point, so that it can cross the circular path of radius 2m in a vertical plane. If
point P is u, then;
g  10 m s 2 , then the maximum angular velocity of the
stone (in rad/sec) will be
57. A stone of mass 1 kg tied to a light inextensible string
10
of length L  m is whirled in a circular path of
S
radius L in a vertical plane. If the ratio of the maximum
tension in the string to the highest point of the circle
is 4:1. Then find the velocity of the stone (in m/s) at the
top most point.
(a) if the block moves anti-clockwise, then u  3.5gR 58. A simple pendulum oscillates in a vertical plane. When
it passes through the mean position, the tension in the
(b) if the block moves anti-clockwise, then u  3gR string is 3 times the weight of the pendulum bob. What
is the maximum angular displacement (in degrees) of the
pendulum of the string with respect to the vertical.
(c) if the block moves clockwise, then u  3.5gR
59. An automobile moving with a speed of 10m/s enters an
(d) if the block moves clockwise, u  5gR unbanked curve of radius r = 50m. If g  10m / s 2 , the
minimum value of  so as to safely negotiate the curve
is 1/x. Then x =
 20 
60. A particle moves along a circle of radius   with
 
constant tangential acceleration. If the velocity of the
particle is 80 m/s at the end of the second revolution
after motion has begun, the tangential acceleration
 in ms 
2
is
CIRCULAR MOTION 74
EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEARS JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

1. A stone tied to a string of length L is whirled in a vertical 4. A bob of mass M is suspended by a massless string
circle with the other end of the string at the centre. At a of length L. The horizontal velocity V at position A
certain instant of time, the stone is at its lowest position, is just sufficient to make it reach the point B. The
and has a speed u. The magnitude of the change in its angle  at which the speed of the bob is half of that
velocity as it reaches a position where the string is at A satisfies – (IIT-2008)
horizontal is : (1998)
(a) u 2  2 gL (b) 2 gL
(c) u 2  gL (d) 
2 u 2  gL 
2. A small block is shot into each of the four tracks as
shown below. Each of the tracks rises to the same
height. The speed with which the block enters the
track is the same in all cases. At the highest point of
the track, the normal reaction is maximum in –
(IIT-2001)
π π 
(a) (b) (a)  = (b) <<
4 4 2
π 3π
(c) (d) (c) << (d) <<
2 4
3. An insect crawls up a hemispherical surface very 5. A ball of mass (m) 0.5 kg is attached to the end of a string
slowly (see the figure). The coefficient of friction having length (L) 0.5 m. The ball is rotated on a horizonal
circuit path about vertical axis. The maximum tension that
1 the string can bear is 324 N. The maximum possible value
between the insect and the surface is . If the line
3 of angular velocity of ball (in rad/s) is : (2011)
joining the centre of the hemispherical surface to the
insect makes an angle  with the vertical, the maximum
possible value of  is given by –
(IIT-2001)
(a) 9 (b) 18
(a) cot  = 3 (b) tan  = 3 (c) 27 (d) 36
(c) sec  = 3 (d) cosec  = 3

CIRCULAR MOTION 75
CIRCULAR MOTION

CENTRE OF MASS, MOMENTUM AND COLLISION 76
07
CENTRE OF MASS, MOMENTUM AND
COLLISION
SCAN CODE
Chapter
CENTRE 07MOMENTUM AND COLLISION
OF MASS, 77
1. CENTRE OF MASS (b) For multiple point objects system
1.1 Concept of Centre of Mass
Definition: It is the weighted mean of the positions of

all the point objects with masses as their weight.
Example:
Fig. 7.1
then
M1 x1  M 2 x 2  ......  M n x n
X cm  Fig. 7.3
M1  M 2 ......  M n
Consider three systems, where total mass and position
Similarly:
 of COM of all the particles in system 1, is M1 and
  M i ri
rcm 
 Mi
x 1
, y1  , in system 2 is M2 and  x 2 , y 2  and in system
3 is M3 and  x 3 , y3  .
 Mi x i  Mi yi
 X cm  and Ycm 
Then COM of all particles in all combined systems is
 Mi  Mi
M1 x 1  M 2 x 2  M 3 x 3
X cm  and
1.2 Location of COM M1  M 2  M 3
(a) For 2 point objects M1 y1  M 2 y 2  M 3 y 3
Ycm 
M1  M 2  M 3
(c) Continuous Objects:
COM of continuous objects can be found with help of
integration. Presently we shall focus on the location of
COM for some continuous objects.
(i) Centre of Mass of uniform Rod
Suppose a rad of mass M and length L is lying along the
Fig. 7.2 x-axis with its one end at x = 0 and the other at x = L.
M2c Mass per unit length of he rad l = M/L
a
M1  M 2 Hence. Dm. (the mass of he element dx situated at
M1c x = x is) = l dx
b
M1  M 2 The coordinates of the element dx are (x, 0, 0).
Therefore, x-coordinate of COM of the rod will be
NOTE:
COM will be towards the heavier mass.
Fig. 7.4
SCAN CODE
1 The surface mass density of the hemisphere will be

x COM 
 xdm  1
0
L
xdx 
L
M
L   .
 dx L 2
0
0 2R 2
The y-coordinate of COM is The surface mass density of the ring element will be
dm

y COM 
 y dm  0 2 R cos   Rd 
dm
dm M
 
Similarly, z COM  0 2 R cos   Rd  2 R 2
i.e., the coordinates of COM of the rod are (0, 0), i.e., it dm
lies at the centre of the rod.  M
cos d
 dm  M cos d
Centre of Mass of a Uniform Hollow Hemisphere of Form the figure we get that y  R sin 
Radius R.
Substitute the values of dm and y in (i).
Consider a hollow hemisphere of radius R as shown.
Due to symmetry, the x coordinate of the centre of mass y COM 
 M cos d  R sin  
of this surface will be zero. M
Let us find the y component of the centre of mass  yCOM  R  cos  sin d
For this, consider a small element of the hemisphere in The limits of  yCOM  R  cos  sin d will be form 0
a ring, as shown in the figure.

to .
2
sin 2
 cos  sin  
2
Substitute this value (ii).
2
sin 2
yR  d
0 2
2
R
 y COM   sin 2d
2 0
R 2 R  
Fig. 7.5  y COM  – cos 2 0  –  cos – cos  0  
2 2 2 
Let this ring make angle  with the positive x-axis and
R R
the width of this ring element subtend a small angle d  y COM  –  0 – 1  .
2 2
at the origin. Therefore, the centre of mass of the hollow hemisphere
The radius of this will be R cos  and the width will be
 R
is  0,  .
equal to Rd (from the arc-length formula).  2
Now, centre of mass of a system of small elements is
NOTE:
given as y COM 
 dmy …(1) Students can make a mistake is writing the limits of the
M angle . some students may consider the limits of 
Here, y is the position of the ring element on the y-axis, from 0 to .
dm is the mass of this element and M is the total mass Note that we are considering small ring elements of the
of he hemisphere. hemisphere. So the rings will start from the bottom of
To find dm, let us assume that the mass of the the hemisphere when the angle is zero. And the angle
hemisphere is uniformly distributed. Therefore, it will increase, we get the other rings. Therefore, at the ring
have a uniform surface mass density. 
element (at the top) the angle will be equal to . .
2
SCAN CODE
Centre of Mass of Solid Hemisphere Centre of Mass of a Uniform Solid Cone.

Let us consider the base of the cone to be R and height
is h.
We will consider a small circular cross section of radius
‘z’ and thickness ‘dr’ from a distance ‘r’ from the
vertex of the solid cone.
Fig. 7.6
We are considering a solid hemisphere of mass M and
has the radius R. The centre of mass will lie on the Fig. 7.7
vertical line passing through the centre of the Consider two triangles ABC and AOD. These triangles
hemisphere, the vertical line is also the normal to the are similar triangle, so we can write.
base. In order to find the centre of mass, we have to
AB BC
consider an element. 
AO OD
We are taking an elemental disc at a height h from the This can be expressed as.
base of the hemisphere. The mass of the elemental disc
r z
is dM and the width is dy.  …(1)
h R
The radius of the disc is r  R 2 – y 2 …(1) The volume of the small volume element considered is,
Mass of the disc dM   3M 2R 3    r 2 dy  …(2) dV  z 2 dr, which can be written in terms of r from
equation (1). So we get,
Substitute equal 91) in equal (2)
R 2 r 2
dM   3M 2R     R – y  dy
3 2 2 dV  dr …(2)
h2
y- coordinate of Centre of mass, yc  1 M   ydM, Centre of mass for continuous mass distribution is given
by the formula,
Here y is the y-coordinate which represent the height of
1 R 2 r 2
C.M  r dr
M
the elemental disc from the base.
h2
Putting the value of dM and calculating the centre of
mass, we get R 2 3
 C.M  r dr
Mh 2 
yc  1 M   y  3M 2R 3    R 2 – y 2  dy
The limits of integration are from 0 to h, so
Integrating between the limits 0  R R 2  h 3
C.M  r dr
1 R 3M 2 Mh 2 0
yc 
M 0 R 3
 R – y 2  dy  y
On integrating and applying the limits we get.
3 R
R 2h 2
 R – y  dy
2 2
yc  C.M 
2R 3 0
4M
  3 2R 2   R 4 2  –  R 4 4    3R 8 
Substituting M as M  V  . we can write
3R 2 h
yc  3 R 8
3h
C.M 
4
SCAN CODE
   
 M r  M 2 r2  M 3 r3  ......M n rn
We know rcm  1 1
M1  M 2  ......M n
Taking time derivatives both sides.

   
M v  M 2 v 2  ......M n v n
Vcm  1 1
M 1  M 2 ......M n
Taking time derivations both sides

  
 M a  M 2 a 2  ......M n a n
a cm  1 1
M1  M 2  ......M n
2.2 Properties and Application of COM

(a) Entire mass is supposed to be concentrated at COM.
(b) If some force is applied on a free object, the body
does not rotate if line of action of force passes
through centre of mass.
   
M a  M 2 a 2  ......M n a n
(c) We know A cm  1 1
M1  M 2  ......M n
   
 MA cm = M1a1  M 2 a 2  ......M n a n
By Newton’s 2nd law.

 
M1a1  F1 and similarly for all objects, with terms having
the obvious meanings.
   
  F1  F2  ......Fn  MA cm
Fig. 7.8  
  Fext  MA cm
The above relation is very useful in solving complicated

2. MOTION OF CENTRE OF MASS problems.
2.1 Kinematics of COM (d) We know
   
M v  M 2 v 2  ......M n v n
Vcm  1 1
M1  M 2  ......M n
   
 Mvcm  M1 v1  M 2 v2  ......  M n v n
   
Psys  P1  P2  ......  Pn
Total momentum of system of all particles is total mass


times Vcm .
Above relation helps us in applying momentum related

Fig. 7.9 equations in complex problems.
SCAN CODE
Impulse
3. LINEAR MOMENTUM
Impulse in Physics is a term that is used to describe or
quantify the effect of force acting over time to change
3.1 Conservation of Linear Momentum
the momentum of an object.
According to the conservation of linear momentum, It is represented by the symbol J and usually expressed
“If the net external force acting on a system of bodies is in Newton-second or kg m/s.
zero, then the momentum of the system remains
constant.” Impulse Equation

Fnet  0 Impulse is often stated to be the product of the average
 net force that acts on an object for a certain duration.
dp The equation for impulse is given as:
 0
dt J  F  t

 p  constant
Hence. NOTE:
 We assume that force is constant over time.
mv  constant or
Impulse is a vector quantity like force and it also has
m1 v1  m2 v2  m3 v3  m n vn  constant direction.
NOTE:
Impulse-Momentum Theorem
We have to remember that the momentum of the system
The Impulse-Momentum theorem helps us establish the
is conserved and not that of the individual particles. The
relation between the two concepts.
momentum of the individual bodies in the system might
increase or decrease according to the situation, but the The theorem basically states that the change that is seen
momentum of the system will always be conserved, as in the momentum of an object is equivalent to the
long as there is no external net force acting on it. amount of impulse exerted on it.
Basically, what students should understand is that
impulse is a measure of how much the momentum
3.2 Conservation of Linear Momentum Formula changes. Here we also get an alternative formula which
The principle of conservation of momentum states that is given as:
if two objects collide, then the total momentum before   
J  p2  p1
and after the collision will be the same if there is no
external force acting on the colliding objects. Where,
Conservation of linear momentum formula p1 = initial momentum
mathematically expresses the momentum of the system p2= final momentum
remains constant when the net external force is zero. With this formula, we can further clearly relate impulse
Initial momentum = Final momentum to the changes in the momentum of the object.
Pi  Pf
4. COLLISIONS
Linear Momentum Formula
Introduction to collisions:
Linear Momentum is mathematically expressed as:
  We define a collision as an isolated event in which two
p  mv or more colliding bodies exert relatively strong forces
 on each other for a relatively short time.
p is the linear momentum
 Two key rules of the collision game are :
v is the linear velocity
(i) Law of conservation of linear momentum.
m is the mass of the body (ii) Law of conservation of energy.
SCAN CODE
Types of Collision: where u1 , u 2 are velocities of two bodies before

Collisions between particles have been divided broadly collision, and v1 , v2 are their respective velocities after
into two types:
collision.
1. Elastic collisions
2. Inelastic collisions
NOTE:
(i) For a perfectly elastic collision, relative velocity of
(a) Elastic collision:
separation after collision is equal to relative
A collision in which there is absolutely no loss of
velocity of approach before collision.
kinetic energy is called an elastic collision.
For example, collisions between atomic and subatomic  e 1
particles are elastic collisions. (ii) For a perfectly inelastic collision, reactive velocity
A collision between two ivory balls can also be taken as of separation after collision = 0
an elastic collision.  e0
The basic characteristics of an elastic collision are:
(iii) For all other collisions, e lies between 0 and 1, i.e.,
(i) The linear momentum is conserved,
0  e 1.
(ii) Total energy of the system is conserved,
(iii) The kinetic energy is conserved.
4.2 Elastic Collision in One Dimension
It involves two bodies moving initially along the same
(b) Inelastic collision:
straight line, striking against each other without loss of
A collision in which there occurs some loss of kinetic kinetic energy and continuing to move along the same
energy is called an inelastic collision. straight line after collision.
As there is always some loss of kinetic energy in most Suppose two balls A and B of masses m1 and m2 are
of the collisions, therefore, collisions we come across in moving initially along the same straight line with
daily life are generally inelastic. velocities u1 and u2 respectively, figure (a).
The basic characteristics of an inelastic collision are:
(i) The linear momentum is conserved.
(ii) Total energy is conserved.
(iii) Kinetic energy is NOT conserved. Obviously, a
part of kinetic energy is converted into some other
form of energy e.g., heat energy, sound energy etc.
(iv) Some or all the forces involved in an inelastic
collision may be non-conservative in nature.
4.1 Coefficient of Restitution or Coefficient of

Resilience
Coefficient of restitution or coefficient of resilience of a
collision is defined as the ratio of relative velocity of
separation after collision to the relative velocity of
Fig. 7.10
approach before collision.
When u1> u2, relative velocity of approach before
It is represented by ‘e’.
collision, = u1 – u2.Therefore, two balls collide, figure
relative velocity of separation (after collision) (b).
e=
relative velocity of approach (before collision)
Let the collision be perfectly elastic. After collision,
v2  v1 suppose v1 is the velocity of A and v2 is the velocity of
e= B along the same straight line, figure (c).
u1  u 2
When v2  v1 , the bodies separate after collision.
SCAN CODE
Relative velocity of separation after collision = v 2  v1 4.3 Calculation of velocities after collision
Linear momentum of the two balls before collision Velocity of A:
 m1 u1  m 2 u 2 From (6), v 2  u1  u 2  v1 ….(A)
Linear momentum of the two balls after collision Putting in eq.(1), we get
 m1 v1  m 2 v 2
As linear momentum is conserved in an elastic m1 v1  m 2  u1  u 2  v1   m1u1  m 2 u 2
collision, therefore
m1 v1  m 2 u1  m 2 u 2  m 2 v1  m1 u1  m 2 u 2
m1 v1  m 2 v 2  m1 u1  m 2 u 2 ... (1)
v1  m1 +m 2  =  m1 -m 2  u1 +2m2 u 2
or m 2  v 2  u 2   m1  u1  v1  ... (2)
Total K.E. of the two balls before collision
m1
 m2  u1 2m2 u 2
v1   … (7)
m1  m2 m1  m2
1 1
 m1 u12  m 2 u 22 ...(3)
2 2
Total K.E. of the two balls after collision Velocity of B :
1 1
Put this value of v1 from eq.(7) into eq. (A)
 m1 v12  m 2 v 22 ...(4)
2 2 m 1
 m 2  u1 2m 2 u 2
v 2  u1  u 2  
As K.E. is also conserved in an elastic collision, m1  m 2 m1  m 2
therefore from,  m  m2   2m2 
 u1 1  1   u2   1
1 1 1 1  m1  m2   m1  m2 
m1 v12  m 2 v 22  m1 u12  m 2 u 22
2 2 2 2
 m  m2  m1  m2   2m2  m1  m2 
1 1  u1  1   u2  
Or m 2  v 22  u 22   m1  u 12  v12   m1  m2   m1  m2 
2 2
Or m 2  v 22  u 22   m1  u12  v12  … (5) 2m1u1  m2  m1  u2
v2   … (8)
Dividing, (5) by (2) we get m1  m2 m1  m2
m 2  v 22  u 22  m1  u12  v12 
 NOTE:
m2  v2  u 2  m1  u1  v1 
The expression for v2 can be obtained from the
v 2
 u 2  v2  u 2  u1
 v1  u1  v1 
expression for v1 , by replacing m 1 by m 2 and u 1 by
Or 
v 2
 u2  u 1
 v1 
u 2 . The reverse is also true.
Or v 2 +u 2 =u1 +v1
Or v 2  v1  u1  u 2 … (6) Particular Cases

1. When masses of two bodies are equal,
Hence, in one dimensional elastic collision, relative
velocity of separation after collision is equal to relative i.e., m1  m 2  m, say
velocity of approach before collision. 2 mu 2
From (7), v1   u 2 , i.e., velocity of A after
v  v1 2m
From (6), 2 1
u1  u 2 collision = velocity of B before collision.
v 2  v1 2 m1 u1
By definition,  e 1 From (8), v 2   u1 , i.e., velocity of B after
u1  u 2 2m1
Hence, the coefficient of restitution/resilience of a collision = velocity of A before collision.
perfectly elastic collision in one dimension is unity.
SCAN CODE
Hence, when two bodies of equal masses undergo a (c) When body B at rest has negligible mass,
perfectly elastic collision in one dimension, their
i.e., m 2  m1 ; i.e., m 2 can be ignored compared to m 1
velocities are just interchanged.
Putting m2  0 ,
m1 2m1 u1
we get v1  u 1  u1 ; v 2   2u1
m1 m1
Hence, when a heavy body A undergoes an elastic

collision with a light body B at rest, the body A keeps
on moving with the same velocity of its own and the
body B starts moving with double the initial velocity of
A.
Fig. 7.11 4.4 Inelastic Collision in One Dimension

2. When the target body B is initially at rest, i.e.,
Figure shows two bodies of masses m 1 and m 2
u2 = 0
moving with velocities, u 1 and u 2 respectively, along a
From (7), v1 
m 1
 m 2  u1
… (9) single axis. They collide involving some loss of kinetic
m1  m 2
energy. Therefore, the collision is inelastic.
2m1 u1
From (8), v 2  … (10) Let v1 and v2 be the velocities of the two bodies after
m1  m 2
collision.
Three cases arises further :
(a) When masses of two bodies are equal,

i.e., m1  m 2
For, v1  0 Fig. 7.12
2m1 u1 As the two bodies form one system, which is closed and
From, v 2   u1
2m1 isolated, we can write the law of conservation of linear
i.e., body A comes to rest and body B starts moving momentum for the two body system as :
with the initial velocity of A. Obviously, in such a
collision, 100% K.E. of A is transferred to the body B. Total momentum before the collision (Pi) = Total
This is shown in figure.
momentum after the collision (Pf)
m1 u1  m 2 u 2  m1 v1  m 2 v 2 ...(11)
(b) When body B at rest is very heavy, i.e., m 2  m1
, i.e., m1 can be ignored compared to m2 NOTE:

m2 The overhead arrows for vectors have been avoided as
Putting m1 = 0, we obtain v1   u1   u 1 ; v 2  0
m2 the collision is one dimensional and velocity
components along one axis are used.
Hence, when a light body A collides against a heavy
body B at rest; A rebounds with its own velocity and B If we know masses m1 , m 2 , initial velocities u1 , u 2 and
continues to be at rest. This is what happens when a ball one of the final velocities, we can calculate the other
rebounds to the same height from which it was thrown, final velocity from the equation.
on striking a floor.
SCAN CODE
Perfectly inelastic collision in one dimension Suppose m1 , m 2 are the masses of two bodies A and B
Figure shows perfectly inelastic collision between two moving initially along the X–axis with velocities
bodies of masses m 1 and m 2 . The body of mass m 2 u1 and u 2 respectively.
happens to be initially at rest  u 2  0  We refer to this When u 1  u 2 , the two bodies collide. After collision,
body as the target. The incoming body of mass m1, let the body A move with a velocity v1 at an angle 
moving with initial velocity u1 is referred to as the with X–axis. Let the body B move with a velocity v2 at
projectile. After the collision, the two bodies move
an angle  with X–axis as shown in figure.
together with a common velocity V. The collision is
perfectly inelastic.
Fig. 7.13
As the total linear momentum of the system remains

constant, therefore Pi  Pf
i.e.,
m1 u 2  m 2 u 2   m 1  m 2  V Fig. 7.14
As the collision is elastic, kinetic energy is conserved.
or m1 u1   m1  m 2  V
Total K.E. after collision = Total K.E. before
u 2
 0 collision
m1 u 1 1 1 1 1
Or V  Or m1 v12  m 2 v 22  m1 u12  m 2 u 22 … (12)
m1  m 2 2 2 2 2
Or m 1 v12  m 2 v 22  m 1 u 12  m 2 u 22 … (13)
As linear momentum is conserved in elastic collision,
therefore, along the X–axis, total linear momentum
after collision = total linear momentum before collision.
4.5 Oblique Collisions: m1 v1 cos   m 2 v 2 cos   m1 u1  m 2 u 2 ... (14)
Elastic Collision in Two Dimensions of Oblique Now, along Y–axis, linear momentum before collision
Collision is zero (as both the bodies are moving along X–axis).
If the initial velocities and final velocities of both the And after collision, total linear momentum along Y–
bodies are along the same straight line, then it is called axis is
a one-dimensional collision or head-on collision. In m v sin   m 2 v 2 sin  
1 1
the case of small spherical bodies, this is possible if the
direction of travel of body 1 passes through the centre m1 v1 sin   m 2 v 2 sin   0 ... (15)
of body 2. From three equations (13), (14) and (15), we have to
When two bodies travelling initially along the same calculate four variables v1 , v 2 ,  and  , which is not
straight line collide without loss of kinetic energy and possible. We have, therefore, to measure experimentally
move along different directions in a plane after any one parameter, i.e., final velocities v1 , v2 of A, B or
collision, the collision is said to be an elastic collision
their direction  and  . The rest of the three
in two dimensions.
parameters can then be calculated from the three
equations.
SCAN CODE
When two bodies travelling initially along the same

straight line collide involving some loss of kinetic
energy, and move after collision, along different
directions in a plane, the collision is said to be inelastic
collision in two dimensions.
As the system is closed and isolated, the total linear
 
momentum of the system remains constant, i.e., Pf  Pi

Referring to figure and equating final momentum Pf  

along X–axis to initial momentum Pi   along the same
axis, we get
m1 v1 cos   m 2 v 2 cos   m1 u1  m 2 u 2 ...(16)
As initial momentum of the two bodies along Y–axis is Fig. 7.15
zero, therefore applying the law of conservation of After the collision at O, the two bodies stick to each
linear momentum along Y–axis, we get other and move with a common velocity V at an angle
0  m1 v1 sin   m 2 v 2 sin  ...(17)  with X–axis as shown in figure.
As initial momentum of the two bodies along Y–axis is As the system is closed and isolated, the total linear
zero, therefore applying the law of conservation of momentum of the system remains constant.
linear momentum along Y–axis, we get Referring to figure, and equating initial momentum
0  m1 v1 sin   m 2 v 2 sin  along X–axis to final momentum along the same axis,
we get
Knowing m1 , m 2 ; u1 , u 2 ; and  , we can calculate v1
m1 u1 cos   m 2 u 2   m1  m 2  v cos  . ..(18)
and v2 from the equation.
Again, applying the law of conservation of linear
momentum along the y–axis, we get.
Perfectly inelastic collision in two dimensions
m1 u1 sin   0   m1  m 2  v sin  ...(19)
Figure shows perfectly inelastic collision between two
bodies of masses m 1 and m 2 . The body of mass m2 is Knowing m1 , m 2 ; u1 , u 2 and  , we can calculate final
moving initially with velocity u 2 along X–axis. The velocity v and its direction, i.e., from equations (18) and
(19).
body of mass m1 is moving with velocity u 1 at an angle
 with X–axis as shown.
SCAN CODE
SUMMARY

1. CENTRE OF MASS Fnet  0

Concept of Centre of Mass dp
 0
Definition: It is the weighted mean of the positions of dt

all the point objects with masses as their weight.  p  constant
Hence.
Location of COM 
mv  constant
Impulse
Impulse in Physics is a term that is used to describe or
quantify the effect of force acting over time to change
the momentum of an object.
Impulse Equation
Impulse is often stated to be the product of the average
Then COM of all particles in all combined systems is net force that acts on an object for a certain duration.
M x  M 2 x 2  M3 x 3 The equation for impulse is given as:
X cm  1 1 and
M1  M2  M3 J  F  t
M1 y1  M 2 y 2  M 3 y3
Ycm 
M1  M 2  M 3
4. COLLISIONS
Introduction to collisions:
2. MOTION OF CENTRE OF MASS We define a collision as an isolated event in which two
or more colliding bodies exert relatively strong forces
Kinematics of COM on each other for a relatively short time.
   
 M1 r1  M 2 r2  M3 r3  ......M n rn Two key rules of the collision game are :
We know rcm 
M1  M 2  ......M n (i) Law of conservation of linear momentum.
Taking time derivatives both sides. (ii) Law of conservation of energy.
   
M v  M 2 v 2  ......M n v n
Vcm  1 1
M 1  M 2 ......M n
Types of Collision:
Taking time derivations both sides 1. Elastic collisions
  
 M a  M2 a 2  ......Mn a n 2. Inelastic collisions
a cm  1 1
M1  M2  ......Mn
(a) Elastic collision:

3. LINEAR MOMENTUM A collision in which there is absolutely no loss of
kinetic energy is called an elastic collision.
Conservation of Linear Momentum
According to the conservation of linear momentum,
“If the net external force acting on a system of bodies is (b) Inelastic collision:
zero, then the momentum of the system remains A collision in which there occurs some loss of kinetic
constant.” energy is called an inelastic collision.
SCAN CODE
Coefficient of Restitution or Coefficient of Resilience Oblique collisions:

Coefficient of restitution or coefficient of resilience of a Elastic Collision in Two Dimensions of Oblique
collision is defined as the ratio of relative velocity of Collision
separation after collision to the relative velocity of If the initial velocities and final velocities of both the
approach before collision. bodies are along the same straight line, then it is called
It is represented by ‘e’. a one-dimensional collision or head-on collision. In
the case of small spherical bodies, this is possible if the
relative velocity of separation (after collision) direction of travel of body 1 passes through the centre
e=
relative velocity of approach (before collision) of body 2.
When two bodies travelling initially along the same
v2  v1 straight line collide without loss of kinetic energy and
e=
u1  u 2 move along different directions in a plane after
collision, the collision is said to be an elastic collision
in two dimensions.
Calculation of velocities after collision
Velocity of A:
m 1
 m2  u1 2m2 u2
v1  
m1  m2 m1  m2
Velocity of B :
2m1u1  m2  m1  u2
v2  
m1  m2 m1  m2
SCAN CODE
EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Centre of Mass (a) 1 m from O on OE (b) 2 m from O on OF
1. The position of centre of mass of a system consisting
(c) 2 m from O on OG (d) 2 m from O on OH
of two particles of masses m1 and m 2 separated by a
6. Three rods of the same mass are placed as shown in
distance L apart, from m1 will be :
the figure. What will be the co-ordinate of centre of
m1L m2 L mass of the system ?
(a) (b)
m1  m 2 m1  m 2
m2 L L
(c) (d)
m1 2
2. A system consists of mass M and m (<< M). The
centre of mass of the system is :
(a) at the middle
(b) nearer to M
a a  a a 
(c) nearer to m (a)  ,  (b)  , 
2 2  2 2
(d) at the position of larger mass
 2a 2a  a a
3. Four identical sphere each of radius 10 cm and mass 1 (c)  ,  (d)  , 
 3 3  3 3
kg are placed on a horizontal surface touching one
7. In a carbon monoxide molecule, the carbon and the
another so that their centres are located at the corners
oxygen atoms are separated by a distance 1.12 × 10–10
of square of side 20 cm. What is the distance of their
m. The distance of the centre of mass, from the
centre of mass from centre of either sphere ?
carbon atom is :
(a) 5 cm (b) 10 cm
(c) 20 cm (d) none of these (a) 0.64 × 10–10 m (b) 0.56 × 10–10 m
4. Four bodies of masses 2,3,5 and 8 kg are placed at the (c) 0.51 × 10–10 m (d) 0.48 × 10–10 m
four corners of a square of side 2 m. The position of
CM will be: 8. All the particles of a body are situated at a distance R
from the origin. The distance of centre of mass of the
 8 13   7 11 
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  body from the origin is :
9 9  9 9 
(a)  R (b)  R
 11 13   11 8 
(c)  ,  (d)  ,  (c)  R (d)  R
9 9  9 9
9. A uniform metal disc of radius R is taken and out of it,
5. Masses of 2 kg each are placed at the corners B and A
of a rectangular plate ABCD as shown in the figure. A a disc of diameter R is cut-off from the end. The centre
mass of 8 kg to be placed on the plate so that the of mass of the remaining part will be :
centre of mass of the system should be at the centre O.
Then the mass should be placed at : (a) R/4 from the centre
4m (b) R/3 from the centre
B H C
(2 kg) (c) R/5 from the centre
O (d) R/6 from the centre
F E
(2 kg)
A G D
10. A uniform square plate ABCD has mass of 10 kg. If 13. A uniform circular disc of radius a is taken. A circular
two points masses of 5 kg each are placed at the portion of radius b has been removed from its as
corners C and D as shown in the adjoining figure, then shown in the figure. If the centre of hole is at a
the centre of mass shifts to the mid-point of : distance c from the centre of the disc, the distance x 2
of the centre of mass of the remaining part from the
initial centre of mass O is given by :
(a) OH (b) DH
(c) OG (d) OF b2 cb 2
(a) (b)
11. A square plate of side 20 cm has uniform thickness a 2
 c2  a 2
 b2 
and density. A circular part of diameter 8 cm is cut out c2 ca 2
symmetrically as shown in figure. The position of (c) (d)
centre of mass of the remaining portion is : a 2
b 2
 c 2
 b2 
14. Three bricks each of length L and mass M are
arranged, as shown from the wall. The distance of the
 11 
centre of mass of the system from the wall is  L.
O1  3n 
O
Find the value of n.
(a) at O1
(b) at O
(c) 0.54 cm from O on the left hand side
12. A uniform metal rod of length 1 m is bent at 90° so as
to form two arms of equal length. The centre of mass
of this bent rod is : 15. A ball of mass 3 M is rolling on a smooth flat
table towards another ball of mass 2M at rest with a
 1 
(a) on the bisector of the angle,   m from vertex constant velocity 5 m/s. When the two balls are
 2
separated by a distance 6m, the position of center of
 1  mass from the mass 3 M is (in m)
(b) on the bisector of the angle,   m from
2 2
vertex Motion of Centre of Mass
1 16. Two blocks of mass 10 kg and 4 kg are connected by a
(c) on the bisector of the angle,   m from vertex
2 spring of negligible mass and placed on a frictionless
horizontal surface. An impulse gives a velocity of 14
 1  m/s to the heavier block in the direction of the lighter
(d) on the bisector of the angle,   m from
4 2 block. The velocity of the centre of mass is :
vertex (a) 30 m/s (b) 20 m/s
(c) 10 m/s (d) 5 m/s
17. Two balls are thrown simultaneously in air. The 23. Two particles A and B initially at rest, move towards
acceleration of the centre of mass of the two balls each other under a mutual force of attraction. At the
while in air : instant when the speed of A is v and the speed of B is
(a) depends on the direction of the motion of the balls 2v, the speed of centre of mass of the system is :
(b) depends on the masses of the two balls (a) zero (b) v
(c) depends on the speeds of the two balls (c) 1.5 v (d) 3 v
(d) is equal to g 24. A meter stick is placed vertically at the origin on a
18. Consider a system of two identical particles. One of frictionless surface. A gentle push in +x direction is
the particles is at rest and the other has an acceleration given to the top most point of the rod, when it has
 fallen completely x coordinate of centre of rod is at :
a . The centre of mass has an acceleration.
1 (a) origin (b) – 0.5 m
(a) zero (b) a (c) – 1 m (d) + 0.5 m
2
  25. The figure shows the positions and velocities
(c) a (d) 2 a
of two particles at t=0 s. If the particle move under the
19. Two particles of equal mass have co-ordinates
mutual force of attraction, then the position of center
(2m, 4m, 6m) and (6m, 2m, 8m). Of these one particle
 of mass at t  1 s is given as xcm  nm, where n is:
 
has a velocity v  2 î m/s and another particle has
1

 
velocity v2  2 ˆj m/s at time t = 0. The coordinate of
their centre of mass at time t = 1s will be :
(a) (4m, 4m, 7m) (b) (5m, 4m, 7m)
(c) (2m, 4m, 6m) (d) (4m, 5m, 4m) 26. A man of mass 80 kg riding on a small cart of mass 40
20. Two particles are shown in the figure. At t  0 a kg which is rolling along a level floor at a speed of 2
constant force F  6N starts acting on the 3 kg mass. m/s. He is running on the cart so that his velocity
Find the velocity of the centre of mass of these relative to the cart is 3 m/s in the direction opposite to
particles at t  5 s. the motion of cart. What is the speed of the centre of
mass of the system?
27. Two masses of 10 kg and 20 kg are placed at a
distance of 15 m from each other. Find the distance (in
(a) 5 m/s (b) 4 m/s meter) of center of mass from 10 kg mass:
(c) 6 m/s (d) 3 m/s
21. Two bodies A and B are attracted towards each other Linear Momentum
due to gravitation. Given that A is much heavier than 28. Two bodies A and B having masses in the ratio 3 : 1
B, which of the following correctly describes the possess the same kinetic energy. The ratio of linear
motion of the centre of mass of the bodies ? momentum of A to B is :
(a) It moves towards A (a) 1 : 3 (b) 3 : 1
(b) It remains at rest
(c) 1 : 3 (d) 3:1
(c) It moves towards B
29. If the linear momentum is increased by 5%, the kinetic
(d) It moves perpendicular to the line joining the
energy will increase by:
particles
(a) 50% (b) 100%
22. Two particles of masses 4 kg and 8 kg are separated by
a distance of 12 m. If they are moving towards each (c) 125% (d) 10%
other under the influence of a mutual force of 30. A 4 kg mass and a 1 kg mass are moving with equal
attraction, then the two particles will meet each other kinetic energies. The ratio of their momenta is
at a distance of : (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 1
(a) 6 m from 8 kg mass (b) 2 m from 8 kg mass (c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 1
(c) 4 m from 8 kg mass (d) 8 m from 8 kg mass
31. A block of mass 2 kg collides with a horizontal 38. A mass m with velocity u strikes a wall normally and
–1 returns with the same speed. What is magnitude of the
massless spring of force constant 2 Nm . The block
change in momentum of the body when it returns :
compresses the spring 4 m from the rest position.
Speed of the block at the instant of collision is (a) 4 mu (b) mu
(a) 16 m/s (b) 4 m/s (c) 2 mu (d) zero
(c) 8 m/s (d) 12 m/s 39. One projectile moving with velocity v in space, gets
burst into 2 parts of masses in the ratio 1 : 3. The
32. A shell of mass m moving with velocity v suddenly
smaller part becomes stationary. What is the velocity
breaks into 2 pieces. The part having mass m/4
of the other part ?
remains stationary. The velocity of other part will be
(a) 4 v (b) v
(a) v (b) 2v
4v 3v
3 4 (c) (d)
(c) v (d) v 3 4
4 3
40. Consider the following two statements :
–1
33. A 50 gram bullet moving with a velocity of 10 ms (A) Linear momentum of the system remains constant
gets embedded into a 950 g stationary body. The loss (B) Centre of mass of the system remains at rest
in K.E. of the system will be
(a) A implies B and B implies A
(a) 95% (b) 100%
(b) A does not imply B and B does not imply A
(c) 5% (d) 50%
(c) A implies B but B does not imply A
34. A bullet weighing 50 gm leaves the gun with a
(d) B implies A but A does not imply B
velocity of 30 m/s. If the recoil speed imparted to the
41. Consider the following two statements :
gun is 1 m/s, the mass of the gun is :
(A) Linear momentum of a system of particles is zero
(a) 15 kg (b) 30 kg
(B) Kinetic energy of a system of particles is zero
(c) 1.5 kg (d) 20 kg
(a) A implies B and B implies A
35. A spacecraft of mass M moves with velocity V in free
space at first, then it explodes, breaking into two (b) A does not imply B and B does not imply A
pieces. If after explosion a piece of mass m comes to (c) A implies B but B does not imply A
rest, the other piece of spacecraft will have a velocity : (d) B implies A but A does not imply B
MV MV 42. A machine gun fires a steady stream of bullets at the
(a) (b)
Mm Mm rate of n per minute into a stationary target in which
the bullets get embedded. If each bullet has a mass m
mV mV
(c) (d) and arrives at the target with a velocity v, the average
Mm Mm
force on the target is :
36. A body of mass 1 kg initially at rest, explodes and
60 v
breaks into three fragments of masses in the ratio 1 : 1 (a) 60 mnv (b)
mn
: 3. The two pieces of equal mass fly off perpendicular
to each other, with a speed of 15 m/s each. The speed mnv mv
(c) (d)
of the heavier fragment is : 60 60 n
(a) 5 2 ms1 (b) 45ms 1 43. A particle of mass 15 kg and initial velocity

v i  î  2 ˆj m/s. It collides with another body and the
(c) 5ms 1 (d) 15ms 1
impact time is 0.1 s, resulting in a velocity
37. A bullet of mass 5 g is fired at a velocity 900 ms1 
v f  6iˆ  4 ˆj  5 kˆ m/s after impact. The average force
from a rifle of mass 2.5 kg. What is recoil velocity of
of impact on the particle is :
the rifle ?
(a) 0.9 ms 1 (b) 180 ms 1 (a) 15 5iˆ  6 ˆj  5 kˆ (b) 15 5iˆ  6 ˆj  5 kˆ
(c) 900 ms 1 (d) 1.8 ms 1 (c) 150 5iˆ  6 ˆj  5 kˆ (d) 150 5iˆ  6 ˆj  5 kˆ
44. A man of mass M stands at one end of a plank of (a) system (m + M) along any direction
length L which lies at rest on a frictionless surface. (b) system (m + M) along vertical
The man walk to the other end of the plank. If the (c) system (m + M) horizontally
M
mass of the plank is , the distance that the man (d) none of the above
3
moves relative to the ground is : 48. A shell is fired from cannon with a velocity v at an
angle with the horizontal direction. At the highest
3L L
(a) (b) point in its path it explodes into two pieces of equal
4 4
mass. One of the pieces retrace its path then find the
4L L velocity of other piece immediately after the explosion
(c) (d)
5 3 is :
45. A particle is projected from a point at an angle with
(a) 3v cos  (b) 2vcos
the horizontal. At any instant t, if p is the linear
momentum and E the kinetic energy, then which of the 3 3
following graphs is/are correct ? (c) v cos  (d) v cos 
2 2
49. A ball hits the floor and rebounds after an inelastic
collision. in this case :
(a) the momentum of the ball just after the collision is
the same as that just before the collision
(b) the mechanical energy of the ball remains the same
in the collision
(d) none of these (c) the total momentum of the ball and the earth is
conserved
(d) the total energy of the ball and the earth is
46. In a gravity free space, a man of mass M standing at a
conserved
height h above the floor, throws a ball of mass m
straight down with a speed u. When the ball reaches 50. A projectile is projected at 20ms 1 , at its highest point
the floor, the distance of the man above the floor will where it breaks into equal parts due to an internal
be : explosion. One part moves vertically up at 30ms 1
 m  M with respect to the ground. Then the other part will
(a) h  1   (b)  1   h move at
 M  m
m (a) 20 m / s (b) 10 13 m / s
(c) h (d) h
M
(c) 50 m / s (d) 30 m / s
47. A shell of mass m is moving horizontally with velocity
v0 and collides with a wedge of mass M just above 51. A particle of mass m moving towards the east with
point A, as shown in the figure. As a consequence, speed v collides with another particle of the same mass
wedge starts to move towards left and the shell returns and same speed v moving towards the north. If the two
with a velocity in x–y plane. The principle of particles stick to each other, the new particle of mass
conservation of momentum can be applied for : 2m will have a speed of
v
(a) v (b)
2
v
(c) (d) v 2
2
52. A 3kg mass moving at a speed of 15 ms 1 collides with (a) 0.052 N (b) 3.63 N
a 6 kg object initially at rest. They stick together. Find (c) 2.50 N (d) 1.04 N
the velocity of the combination (m/s) after the 60. Two balls of equal mass have a head on collision with
collision. speed 6 m/s each in opposite direction. If the
53. A mass m with velocity u strikes a wall normally and 1
coefficient of restitution is , the speed of each ball
returns with the same speed. What is magnitude of 3
the change in momentum of the body when it returns after impact will be :
(a) 4 mu (b) mu
(a) 18 m/s (b) 2 m/s
(c) 2 mu (d) zero
(c) 6 m/s (d) data insufficient
Collisions 61. A 50 kg mass is travelling at a speed of 2 m/s.
54. A ball is dropped from a height of 1 m. If coefficient Another 60 kg mass travelling at a speed of 12 m/s in
of restitution between the surface and the ball is 0.6, the same direction, strikes the first mass. After the
the ball rebounds to a height of collision the 50 kg mass is travelling with a speed of 4
(a) 0.6 m (b) 0.4 m m/s. The coefficient of restitution of the collision is
(c) 1 m (d) 0.36 m 19 30
(a) (b)
55. When a ball of mass = 5 kg hits a bat with a velocity 30 19
=3 m/s, in positive direction and it moves back with a 20 11
(c) (d)
velocity = 4 m/s, find the impulse in SI units : 11 20
(a) 5 (b) 15 62. P and Q are two identical masses at rest suspended by
(c) 25 (d) 35 an inextensible string passing over a smooth
56. A block of mass m moving at a velocity v collides frictionless pulley. Mass P is given a downward push
with another block of mass 2 m at rest. The lighter with a speed v as shown in figure. It collides with the
block comes to rest after collision. Find the coefficient floor and rebounds. What happens immediately after
of restitution : collision ?
(a) 1/2 (b) 1

(c) 1/3 (d) 1/4
57. The magnitude of the impulse developed by a mass of
0.2 kg which changes its velocity from 5 î  3 ˆj  7 kˆ
m/s to 2 î  3 ˆj  kˆ m/s is :
(a) 2.7 N–s (b) 1.8 N–s
(c) 0.9 N–s (d) 3.6 N–s
58. A steel ball strikes a steel plate at an angle  with the
vertical. If the coefficient of restitution is e, the angle (a) P and Q both move upwards with equal speeds
at which the rebound will take place is : (b) P and Q both move upwards with different speeds
 tan   (c) P moves upwards & Q moves downwards with
(a)  (b) tan 1   equal speed
 e 
(d) Both P and Q are at rest.
 e 
(c) e tan  (d) tan 1   63. A body of mass m1 moving with a uniform velocity of
 tan  
40 m/s. collides with another of mass m 2 at rest and
59. A 2kg of block of wood rests on a long table top. A 5 g
bullet moving horizontally with a speed of 150 m/s is then the two together begin to move with a uniform
velocity of 30 m/s. The ratio of their masses (m1/m2)
shot into the block and sticks to it. The block then
is
slides 2.7 m along the table top and comes to a stop.
The force of friction between the block and the table (a) 0.75 (b) 4.0
is: (c) 3 (d) 1.33
64. A body of mass m strikes a stationary body of mass M ball C with an initial velocity v as shown. Total
and undergoes an elastic collision. After collision, m number of collsions between the balls will be (all
has a speed one-third its initial speed. The ratio M/m is collisions are elastic)
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 3 (d) 3 : 1
65. A massive ball moving with speed v collides with a
(a) one (b) two
tiny ball of negligible mass. The collision is elastic.
The second ball will move with a speed equal to (c) three (d) four
(a) v (b) 2 v 71. Two ice skaters A and B approach each other at right
(c) v/2 (d) zero angles. Skater A has a mass 30 kg and velocity 1 m/s
66. An object of mass 2 kg is moving with a velocity of 3 skater B has mass 20 kg and velocity 2 m/s. They meet
m/s and collides head on with an object B of mass 1 kg and cling together. Their final velocity of the couple is:
moving in the opposite direction with a velocity of 4
m/s. After collision, both objects coalesce so that they (a) 2 m/s (b) 1.5 m/s
move with a common velocity v equal to (c) 1 m/s (d) 2.5 m/s
2
(a) m/s (b) 1 m/s 72. The collision of two balls of equal mass takes place at
3
the origin of co-ordinates. Before collision, the
(c) 2 m/s (d) 3 m/s
67. A bullet of mass 0.01 kg and travelling at a speed of
components of velocities are v x  50cm / s, v y  0 
500 ms 1 strikes a block of 2 kg, which is suspended and (vx = –40 cm/s and vy = 30 cm/s). The first balls
by a string of length 5 m. The centre of gravity of the comes to rest after collison. The velocity components
block is found to rise through a vertical height of 0.1
(vx and vy respectively) of the second ball are :
m. The speed of the bullet after it emerges from the
block is (a) 10 cm/s and 30 cm/s
(a) 200 m/s (b) 240 m/s
(b) 30 cm/s and 10 cm/s
(c) 220 m/s (d) 280 m/s
(c) 5 cm/sand 15 cm/s
68. A bag of mass M hangs by a long thread and a bullet
of mass m comes horizontally with velocity v and gets (d) 15 cm/sand 5 cm/s
caught in the bag. Then for the combined (bag +
bullet) system, 73. 10,000 small balls, each weighing 1 g, strike one
square cm of area per second with a velocity 100 m/s
mvM 1
(a) momentum  (b) KE = mv2 in a normal direction and rebound with the same
mM 2
speed. The value of pressure on the surface will be :
1 m2 v2
(c) KE =  m  M  v2 (d) KE =
2 2M  m (a) 2 103 N / m 2 (b) 2  55 N / m2
69. A bullet of mass m moving with velocity v strikes a
(c) 107 N / m2 (d) 2 107 N / m 2
suspended wooden block of mass M. If the block rises
to a height h, the initial velocity of the bullet will be :
Mm
(a) 2gh (b) 2 gh
m
m Mm
(c) 2 gh (d) 2 gh
Mm m
74. A ball of mass 10 kg moving with a velocity
70. Three balls A, B and C  m A  m C  4m B  are placed
10 3m / s along the x-axis, hits another ball of mass
on a smooth horizontal surface. Ball B collides with
20 kg which is at rest. After the collision, first ball

comes to rest while the second ball disintegrates into
two equal places. One piece start moving along y-axis
with a speed of 10 m/s. The second piece starts
moving at an angle of 30° with respect to the x-axis.
The velocity of the ball moving at 30° with x-axis is
x m / s . The configuration of pieces after collision is
shown in the figure below.
The value of x to the nearest integer is ………… 77. A ball collides elastically with another ball of the same
mass. The collision is oblique and initially one of the
balls was at rest. After the collision, the two balls
move with same speeds. What will be angle (in
degrees) between the velocities of the balls after the
collision?
78. A body of mass m moving with velocity v collides
perfectly elastically and head on with another body of
mass 2m which is initially at rest. The ratio of K.E. of
the colliding body (first body) before and after
75. Board A is placed on board B as shown. Both boards
slide, without moving with respect to each other, along K.E.before
collision, i.e, will be
a frictionless horizontal surface at a speed 6 m/s. K.E.after
Board B hits a resulting board C “head-on”. After the 79. A ball leaves a horizontal table with velocity
collision, boards B and C stick together and board A v0  5m / s . The ball bounces elastically from a
slides on top of board C and stops its motion relative
vertical wall at a horizontal distance D (=8m) from the
to C in the position shown on the diagram. What is the
table, as shown in figure. The ball strikes the floor a
length (in m) of each board? All three boards have the
same mass, size and shape. The coefficient of kinetic distance x 0 from the table  g  10m / s  .
2
Find the
friction between boards A and C and between boards value of x 0 (in m).
A & B is 0.3 (Take g  10 m / s 2 )
76. A ball is projected with velocity 20 2 m/s at an angle

of 45° with horizontal as shown in figure. The ball
collide with the wall, the coefficient of restitution
1
between the ball and wall A is and with the wall B
2 80. Two bodies of the same mass are moving with the
1 same speed, but in different directions in a plane. They
is , distance of point (in m) where ball collide with
4 have a completely inelastic collision and move
the ground from the projection point (correct to two together thereafter with a final speed which is half of
decimal places) is their initial speed. The angle between the initial
velocities of the two bodies (in degree) is ____.
EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEARS JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

1. A ball with a speed of 9 m/s collides with another identical [a is an area as shown in the figure] (2021)
ball at rest. After the collision, the direction of each ball
makes an angle of 30° with the original direction. The ratio
of velocities of the balls after collision is x : Y, where x is
_______. (2021)
2. Two particles having masses 4g and 16 g respectively are
moving with equal kinetic energies. The ratio of the
magnitude of their linear momentum is n : 2. The value of n
will be _______. (2021)
3. A ball of mass 10 kg moving with a velocity 10 3 ms –1
along X-axis, hits another ball of mass 20 kg which is at

rest. After collision, the first ball comes to rest and the
second one disintegrates into two equal pieces. One of the a
5. A circular hole of radius   is cut out of a circular disc of
pieces starts moving along Y-axis at a speed of 10 m/s. The 2
second piece starts moving at as speed of 20 m/s at an radius ‘a’ as shown in figure. The centre of mass of the
angle  (degree) with respect to the X-axis. remaining circular portion with respect to point ‘O’ will be:
The configuration of pieces after collision is shown in the (2021)
figure
The value of  to the nearest integer is ________.
(2021)
1 5
(a) a (b) a
6 6
4. The disc of mass M with uniform surface mass density 
is shown in the figure. The centre of mass of the quarter
2 10
(c) a (d) a
x a x a 3 11
disc (the shaded area) is at the position  , ; where
 3  3 
x is ______.
[Round off to the Nearest Integer]
6. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion

A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: Body ‘P’ having mass M moving with speed
‘u’ has head-on collision elastically with another body ‘Q’
having mass ‘m’ initially at rest. If m<<M, body ‘Q’ will
have a maximum speed equal to ‘2u’ after collision.
Reason R: During elastic collision, the momentum and
kinetic energy are both conserved.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most
appropriate answer from the options given below:
(2021) (a) 821.4 m/s (b) 841.4 m/s
(a) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct (c) 831.4 m/s (d) 811.4 m/s
explanation of A 9. A rubber ball is released from a height of 5 m above the
(b) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
81
of A floor. it bounces back repeatedly, always rising to of
100
(c) A is not correct but R is correct
(d) A is correct but R is not correct. the height through which it falls. Find the average speed of
7. Two masses A and B, each of mass M are fixed together by the ball. (Take g = 10 m/s2) (2021)
a massless spring. A force acts on the mass B as shown in (a) 3.0 m/s (b) 3.50 m/s
figure. If the mass A starts moving away from mass B with (c) 2.0 m/s (d) 2.50 m/s
magnitude of acceleration as ‘a’, then the magnitude of 10. Two identical block A and B each of mass m resting on the
acceleration of mass B at that instant will be: (2021) smooth horizontal floor are connected by a light spring of
natural length L and spring constant K. A third block C of
mass m moving with a speed v along the line joining A and
B collides with A. the maximum compression in the spring
MF Ma – F is: (2021)
(a) (b)
F  Ma M
F  Ma F – Ma
(c) (d)
M M
m mv
8. A large block of wood of mass M = 5.99 kg is hanging from (a) v (b)
2K 2K
two long massless cords. A bullet of mass m = 10 g is fired
into the block and gets embedded in it. The (block + bullet) mv m
then swing upwards, their centre of mass rising a vertical (c) (d)
K 2K
distance h = 9.8 c m before the (block + bullet) pendulum
11. An object of mass m1 collides elastically with another object
comes momentarily to rest at the end of its arc. The speed
of mass m2, which is at rest. After the collision the object
of the bullet just before collision is: (take g = 9.8 ms–2)
move with equal speeds in opposite direction. The ratio of
(2021)
the masses m2 : m1 is: (2021)
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 1
12. Two bodies of mass 1 kg and 3 kg have position 18. An object of mass 8 kg is hanging from one end of a
vectors iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ and 3iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ respectively. The uniform rod CD of mass 2 kg and length 1 m pivoted
at its end C on a vertical wall as shown in figure. It is
magnitude of position vector of centre of mass of this
supported by a cable AB such that the system is in
system will be similar to the magnitude of vector.
equilibrium. The tension in the cable is : (Take
(JEE Main 2022)
ˆ g  10 m / s 2 ) (JEE Main 2023)
ˆ ˆ
(a) i  2 j  k (b) 3iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ
(c) 2iˆ  2kˆ (d) 2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ
13. Two blocks of masses 10 kg and 30 kg are placed on
the same straight line with coordinates (0, 0) on and (x,
0) cm respectively. The block of 10 kg is moved on the
same line through as distance of 6 cm towards the
other block. The distance through which Me block of
30 kg must be moved to keep the position of centre of
mass of the system unchanged is : (JEE Main 2022)
(a) 4 cm towards the 10 kg block
(b) 2 cm away from the 10 kg block
(c) 2 cm towards the 10 kg block
(d) 4 cm away from the 10 kg block (a) 240 N (b) 90 N
14. What percentage of kinetic energy of a moving particle (c) 300 N (d) 30 N
is transferred to a stationary particle when it strikes the 19. As per the given figure, a small ball P slides down the
stationary particle of 5 times its mass? (Assume the
quadrant of a circle and hits the other ball Q of equal
collision to be head-on elastic collision)
(JEE Main 2022) mass which is initially at rest. Neglecting the effect of
(a) 50.0% (b) 66.6% friction and assume the collision to be elastic, the
(c) 55.6% (d) 33.3% velocity of ball Q after collision will be:
15. The distance of centre of mass from end A of a one
dimensional rod (AB) having mass density  g  10m / s 2
(JEE Main 2023)
 x2  3L
  0 1  2 
 and length L (in meter) is m. The
 L  
value of α is ___ (JEE Main 2022)
16. Three identical spheres each of mass M are placed at
the corners of a right angled triangle with mutually
perpendicular sides equal to 3 m each. Taking point of
(a) 0 (b) 0.25 m/s
intersection of mutually perpendicular sides as origin,
(c) 2 m/s (d) 4 m/s
the magnitude of position vector of centre of mass of
20. A machine gun of mass 10 kg fires 20 g bullets at the
the system will be x m. The value of x is
rate of 180 bullets per minute with a speed of 100ms–1
(JEE Main 2022) each. The recoil velocity of the gun is :
17. A man of 60 kg is running on the road and suddenly (JEE Main 2023)
jumps into a stationary trolly car of mass 120 kg. (a) 0.02 m/s (b) 2.5 m/s
Then. the trolly car starts moving with velocity 2 ms–1. (c) 1.5 m/s (d) 0.6 m/s
The velocity of the running man was ______ ms–1,
when he jumps into the car. (JEE Main 2022)
21. Figures (a), (b), (c) and (d) show variation of force v
(a) (b) v
with time. 2
v v
(c) (d)
3 4
24. A bullet of 10g leaves the barrel of gun with a velocity
of 600 m/s. If the barrel of gun is 50 cm long and mass
of gun is 3 kg, then value of impulse supplied to the
gun will be: (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 6 Ns (b) 12 Ns
(c) 3 Ns (d) 36 Ns
25. I CM is moment of inertia of a circular disc about an
axis (CM) passing through its center and perpendicular
to the plane of disc. I AB is it’s moment of inertia about
an axis AB perpendicular to plane and parallel to axis
2
CM at a distance R from center. Where R is the
3
radius of the disc. The ratio of I AB and I CM is x : 9 .
The value of x is _____. (JEE Main 2023)
26. A body of mass 1 kg collides head on elastically with a

stationary body of mass 3 kg. After collision, the
smaller body reverses its direction of motion and
moves with a speed of 2m/s. The initial speed of the
The impulse is highest in figure. (JEE Main 2023) smaller body before collision is _____ ms 1 .
(a) Fig (c) (b) Fig (b) (JEE Main 2023)
(c) Fig (a) (d) Fig (d) 27. A solid sphere of mass 2kg is making pure rolling on a
22. A bullet of mass 0.1 kg moving horizontally with horizontal surface with kinetic energy 2240 J. The
speed 400 ms–1 hits a wooden block of mass 3.9 kg velocity of centre of mass of the sphere will be ____
kept on a horizontal rough surface. The bullet gets ms–1. (JEE Main 2023)
embedded into the block and moves 20 m before 28. A solid sphere of mass 1 kg rolls without slipping on a
coming to rest. The coefficient of friction between the
plane surface. Its kinetic energy is 7 103 J . The
block and the surface is ________.
(Given g = 10 m/s2) (JEE Main 2023) speed of the centre of mass of the sphere is cms 1
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.90 (JEE Main 2023)
(c) 0.65 (d) 0.50 29. A ball is dropped from a height of 20m. If the
23. A particle of mass m moving with velocity v collides coefficient of restitution for the collision between ball
with a stationary particle of mass 2m. After collision, and floor is 0.5, after hitting the floor, the ball
they stick together and continue to move together with rebounds to a height of _____ m. (JEE Main 2023)
velocity (JEE Main 2023)
EXERCISE - 3: ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Singal Choice Questions (a) at a distance of 2R from O
1. Three idential spheres, each of mass 1 kg are placed (b) at a distance of 3R from O
touching each other with their centres on a straight line. (c) at a distance of 4R from O
Their centres are marked P, Q and R respectively. The (d) at a distance of 5R from O
distance of centre of mass of the system from P is : 4. From a circular disc of radius R, a square is cut out with a
PQ  PR  QR PQ  PR radius as its diagonal. The centre of mass of remainder is at
(a) (b) a distance (from the centre) :
3 3
R R
PQ  QR (a)  4  2  (b)
(c) (d) none of these 2
3
R R
2. A circular ring of mass 6 kg and radius a is placed such that (c)    2  (d)  2  2 
its centre lies at the origin. Two particles of masses 2 kg
each are placed at the intersecting points of the circle with 5. You are supplied with three identical rods of same length
+ve x–axis and +ve y–axis. Then, the angle made by the and mass. The length of each rod is 2. Two of them are
position vector of centre of mass of entire system with converted into rings and then placed over the third rod as
x–axis is : shown in figure. If points A is considered as origin of the
co-ordinate system the co-ordinate of the centre of mass
(a) 45° (b) 60°
will be (you may assume AB as x–axis of the co-ordinate
1  4 
system) :
(c) tan   (d) 30°
5
3. A carpenter has constructed a toy as shown in the
adjoining figure. If the density of the material of the sphere
is 12 times that of cone, the position of the centre of mass
of the toy is given by :
  1  2
(a)  ,  (b)  , 
 2 3  2 3
 1  2
(c)  ,  (d)  , 
 3  3
6. An object comprises of a uniform ring of radius R and its
uniform chord AB (not necessarily made of the same
material) as shown. Which of the following can not be the
centre of the mass of the object ?
R R  R R 
(a)  ,  (b)  , 
3 3  2 2
R R
(c)  ,  (d) None of these
4 4
7. A circular plate of diameter d is kept in contact with a square (a) a vertical straight line
plate of edge d as shown in figure. The density of the (b) a horizontal straight line
material and the thickness are same everywhere. The centre
(c) a straight line at angle  (< ) with horizontal
of mass of the compositive system will be
(d) a parabola
11. Two bodies having masses m1 and m2 and velocity
 
u1 and u 2 collide and form a composite system. If
 
m1 u1  m 2 u 2  0  m1  m2  , the velocity of composite
system will be :
(a) inside the circular plate    
(a) u1  u 2 (b) u1  u 2
(b) inside the square plate
(c) at the point of contact  
u1  u 2
(d) outside the system (c) (d) zero
2
8. A circular plate of uniform thickness has a diameter of 28
cm. A circular portion of diameter 21 cm is removed from 12. A boy of mass m is standing on a block of mass M kept on
the plate as shown. O is centre of mass of complete plate. a rough surface. When the boy walks from left to right on
The position of centre of mass of remaining portion will the block, the centre of mass (boy + block) of system :
shift towards left from ‘O’ by
(a) remains stationary
(b) shift towards left
(c) shifts towards right
(d) shifts towards right if M > m and towards left if M < m
Comprehension Type Questions

(a) 5 cm (b) 9 cm Passage–1
(c) 4.5 cm (d) 5.5 cm Using the following passage, solve Q. 13 to 15
9. Three identical uniform rods of the same mass M and length The entire mass of a system is assumed to be concentrated
L are arranged in xy plane as shown. A fourth uniform rod at a point, which we call the centre of mass. Such an
of mass 3M has been placed as shown in the xy plane.
assumption must be in someway helpful to us. This point
What should be the value of the length of the fourth rod
may even be outside of the system. Once the journey has
such that the center of mass of all the four rods lie at the
origin ? started, a given system may have exploded by itself or
have broken down into number of pieces, each piece moving
with a different velocity in a different direction than that of
the original system, but this point of centre of mass will
continue to move with same velocity in the same direction,
as if nothing has happened.
Suppose a man of mass 60 kg is on a trolley of mass 40 kg
moving at a speed of 4 m/sec. The man jumps off the trolley
in the direction opposite to the motion of the trolley with a
speed of 2 m/sec.
(a) 3L (b) 2L
13. What may be essential condition to work out the velocity
L(2 2  1) and direction of centre of mass :
(d) L( 2  1) / 3 (d)
3 (a) Centre of mass moves with constant velocity.
10. Two balls of equal mass are projected from a tower (b) The system breaks down into number of fragments.
simultaneously with equal speeds. One at angle  above
the horizontal and the other at the same angle  below the (c) There is no external force acting on the system
horizontal. The path of the centre of mass of the two balls is : (d) The different parts of the system move with different
velocities.
14. If V1 and V2 are velocities of centre of mass of the system (a) (1, 0) (b) (3, 0)
just before and after the man jumps off the trolley, find (c) (5, 0) (d) (2.25, 0)
correct option : 20. A cracker is thrown into air with a velocity of 10 m/s at an
(a) V1 = V2 (b) V1 > V2 angle of 45° with the vertical. When its is at a height of
(c) V1 < V2 (d) Unpredictable 1
  m from the ground, it explodes into a number of peices
15. The velocity of centre of mass of the system just after the 2
man jumps off the trolley is : which follow different parabolic paths. What is the velocity
(a) 2 m/sec (b) 3 m/sec of centre of mass, when its is at a height of 1 m from the
–2
ground ? (g = 10 m/s )
(c) 4 m/sec (d) 8 m/sec
(a) 4 5 ms1 (b) 2 5 ms1
Assertion & Reason –1
(c) 5 4 ms1 (d) 5 ms
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
correct explanation for assertion. 21. In a free space, a rifle of mass M shoots a bullet of mass m
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the at a stationary block of mass M distance D away from it.
correct explanation for assertion. When the bullet has moved through a distance d towards the
(c) Assertion is true and reason is false. block, the centre of mass of the bullet-block system is at a
distance of:
(d) Assertion is false and reason is true.
16. Statement–1 : Centre of mass of a body will continue to D  d m
(a) from the bullet
move with constant velocity, if external forces acting on it Mm
are zero. md  MD
Statement–2 : Centre of mass of a moving car is achieved (b) from the block
Mm
to come to rest by applying brakes as the internal forces of
2md  MD
the brakes bring the required change. (c) from the bullet
Mm
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D D  d M
(d) from the bullet
17. Statement – 1: If no external force acts on a system of Mm
particles, then the centre of mass will not move in any 22. Two blocks m1 and m2 are pulled on a smooth horizontal
direction. surface, and are joined together with a spring of stiffness k
Statement – 2: If net external force is zero, then the linear as shown. Suddenly, block m2 receives a horizontal velocity
momentum of the system remains constant. v0, then the maximum extension xm in the spring is
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
18. Statement–1: If net force acting on a system is zero then
centre of mass of the system always remains at rest.
Statement–2: If net force acting on a system is zero then
acceleration of centre of mass is zero.
m1m 2 2m1m 2
(a) A (b) B (a) v0 m  m (b) v0
1 2  m1  m2  k
(c) C (d) D
19. Block A and B are resting on a smooth horizontal surface
m1m 2 m1m 2
given equal speeds of 2 m/s in opposite sense as shown in (c) v0 2 m  m k (d) v0
the figure. At t = 0, the position of block are shown, then  1 2  m1  m2  k
the coordinates of centre of mass at t = 3 s will be : 23. A 50 kg man is standing on a flat boat at rest in a river. He
moves 5 m to north and halts. If the boat has a mass of 450
kg, then the boat moves through :
(a) 0.5 m to the south (b) 0.25 m to the south
(c) 0.5 m to the north (d) 0 m
24. A boy is standing at the centre of a boat, which is free to

R
move on water. If the masses of the boy and the boat are m1 28. A ball of mass m and radius   is placed as shown, on
and m2 respectively, and the boy moves a distance of 1 m  10 
forward, then the movement of the boat is ..... metres : a block B of mass 9 m which is placed on a smooth surface.
When the ball comes down to the lowest position, the
m1 m2
(a) m  m (b) m  m block B will move to the left by a distance of :
1 2 1 2
m1 m2
(c) m (d) m
2 1
m
25. A man of mass m stands on a plane plank of mass   ,
2
(a) 0.25 R (b) 0.14 R
lying on a smooth horizontal floor. Initially both are at rest.
Then the man starts walking on the plank towards the east (c) 0.15 R (d) 0.20 R
and stops after a distance l on the plank. Then : 29. The sphere A of mass m1 moves with velocity V on a
(a) the plank will slide to the west by a distance l/3 frictionless horizontal surface and strikes with sphere B of
(b) the planks will continue to move towards the west over mass m2 at rest. The sphere A comes back with speed V/10.
the smooth floor. Find the correct option :
2
(c) the plank will slide to the west by   l and then stop
3
(a) m1 > m2 (b) m1 = m2
26. Block A and B shown in the figure are having equal masses
(c) m1 < m2 (d) none of these
m. The system is released from rest with the spring
unstretched. The string between A and ground is cut when 30. The ball B is at rest. A moving ball A collides elastically
there is maximum extension in the spring. The acceleration with it in one dimension. The masses of balls are equal. For
of centre of mass of the two blocks at this instant is : ball B, which of the following will be greatest, if velocity of
A is greater than 2m/sec. ?
(a) Kinetic energy (b) Momentum
(c) Potential energy (d) None of these
31. In the previous problem, if mB >> mA, which of the following
will be greatest for ball B ?
(a) Speed (b) Momentum
(c) Kinetic energy (d) None of these
32. Three particles A, B and C of equal masses move with
equal speeds v along the medians of an equalateral triangle.
They collide at the centroid O of the triangle. After collision
A comes to rest while B retraces its path with speed v. The
g
(a) g (b) velocity of C is then
2
(c) 2 g (d) zero
27. A man of mass m moves with a constant speed on a plank
of mass M and length l kept initially at rest on a frictionless
horizontal surface, from one end to the other in time t. The
speed of the plank relative to ground while man is moving, is
M  m 
(a)   (b)  
tm t mM
 
 M  (a) v, direction OA (b) 2v, direction OA
(c)  
t Mm
(d) none of these  
(c) 2v, direction OB (d) v, direction BO
Match the Column Assertion & Reason

33. Two particles of mass m1 and m2 have velocity of centre of (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
mass as V. Match the columns : correct explanation for assertion.
Column–I Column–II (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
(a) If velocity of two particles (P) V  V0 correct explanation for assertion.
are same (say V0), then (c) Assertion is true and reason is false.
(b) If velocity of two particles (Q) V  V0 (d) Assertion is false and reason is true.
are not same (velocity of one 36. Statement–1 : It is not possible to know details of final
particle is V0), then motion just by knowing details of initial motion and without
knowing the forces which are changing the motion of the
1
(c) When velocities of the (R)  m1 +m2 V02 system.
2

particles are same (say V0), dp
Statement–2 : Fext 
then kinetic energy of the dt
system will be (a) A (b) B
1 (c) C (d) D
(d) When velocities of the (S)  m1 +m2 V 2 37. Two bodies with masses, m1 and m2 (m1 > m2) are joined by
2
a string passing over a fixed pulley. The centres of gravity
particles are not same
of the two masses are initially at the same height. Assume
(velocity of one particle
masses of pulley and weight of the thread negligible. The
is V0), then kinetic energy acceleration of the centre of mass of m1 and m2, is :
of the system will be
34. Centre of mass of a system is a unique point which is very  m1  m 2  m1g
(a)  m  m  g (b)  m  m 
helpful in solving the problems related to the motions of  1 2  1 2
rigid bodies. In columns I and II, some statements regarding 2

centre of mass are given. Match the columns:  m1  m 2  m2g
(c)   g (d)  m  m 
Column I Column II  m1  m 2  1 2
(a) in the absence of external (p) inside the material of the 38. A car of mass m is initially at rest on the boat of mass M
force, the internal forces body tied to the wall of dock through a massless, inextensible
(b) Centre of mass of a (q) may affect the motion of string as shown in figure. The car accelerates from rest to
body can be individuals velocity v0 in time t0. At t = t0 the car applies brake and
(c) The kinetic energy (r) do not affect the motion comes to rest relative to the boat in negligible time. Neglect
friction between the boat and water; the time ‘t’ at which
of the system of two of centre of mass
boat will strike the wall is :
blocks
(d) Centre of mass of (s) outside the material of
solid cylinder is the body
35. Match the following:
Column I Column II
(a) Inelastic collisions (p) Kinetic energy of the system
may decrease
(b) Elastic Collisions (q) Kinetic energy of the system
may increase
(c) Total work done is (r) kinetic energy of the system L (M  m)
(a) t0 + L/v0 (b) t 0 
zero may remain constant mv0
(d) Non-conservative (s) just before and after collision,
LM
forces are not present momentum remains constant (c) mv (d) None of the above
0
39. A sphere of mass m moving with a constant velocity u hits 42. The quantities remaining constant in a collision are
another stationary sphere of same mass. If e is the (a) momentum, kinetic energy and temperature
coefficient of restitution, then ratio of velocities of the two (b) momentum and kinetic energy but not temperature
v1 (c) momentum and temperature but not kinetic energy
spheres v after collision will be :
2 (d) momentum, but neither kinetic energy nor temperature
43. The sphere A starts moving from one end with velocity V
on the stationary wedge B of mass M, as shown, Find the
coefficient of restitution, if A falls off after rising upto top
1 e 1 e of the wedge B with zero velocity (w.r.t. wedge):
(a) (b)
1 e 1 e
e 1 e 1
(c) (d)
e 1 e 1
40. A mass m moves with a velocity v and collides inelastically
with another identical mass. After collision the Ist mass
v
moves with velocity in a direction perpendicular to
3 m cos
(a) (b) 0
the initial direction of motion. Find the speed of the 2nd M
mass after collision : M cos  M
(c) (d)
m m
44. In a two block system an initial velocity v0 with respect to
ground is given to block A :
(a) the momentum of block A is not conserved

2 v
(a) v (b) (b) the momentum of system of block A and B is conserved
3 3
(c) the increase in momentum of B is equal to the decrease
(c) v (d) 3v in momentum of block A
41. A particle A of mass m initially at rest slides down a height (d) all the above
of 1.25 m on a frictionless ramp, collides with and sticks to 45. A projectile is moving at 60 m/s at its highest point, where
an identical particle B of mass m at rest as shown in the it breaks into two equal parts due to an internal explosion.
figure. Then particles A and B together collide elastically One part moves vertically up at 50 m/s with respect to the
with particle C of mass 2 m at rest. The speed of particle A ground. The other part will move at :
2
after the collision with particle B would be : (g = 10 m/s ) (a) 110 m/s (b) 120 m/s
(c) 130 m/s (d) 10 61 m / s

46. A man weighing 80 kg is standing on a trolley weighing 320
kg. The trolley is resting on frictionless horizontal rails. If
the man starts walking on the trolley along the rails at a
speed of 1 m/s relative to trolley, then after 4 s, his
displacement relative to the ground will be :
(a) 2.0 m/s (b) 1.25 m/s
(a) 4.2 m (b) 4.8 m
(c) 2.5 m/s (d) 5 m/s
(c) 3.2 m (d) 3.0 m
47. Statement–1 : When initial and final velocities are equal, a 50. A stationary body explodes into four identical fragments
quick and slow collision between two bodies will be equally such that three of them fly off mutually perpendicular to
violent. each other, each with same KE, E0.The energy of explosion
Statement–2 : Whether a force is small or large, rate of will be
change of momentum will determine the state of collision
4E 0
of being violent or not. (a) 6 E0 (b)
3
(a) A (b) B
(c) 4 E0 (d) 8 E0
(c) C (d) D
51. Two bodies of massses m1 and m2 have equal momenta. If
48. Two identical spheres A and B of radius r are released
E1 and E2 be their respective K.E., the ratio E1 : E2 is equal :
simultaneously from the positions as shown, in a vessel C
of radius (R + r) and which moves on a smooth surface. If (a) m1 : m2 (b) m2 : m1
1 (c) m1 : m 2 (d) m12 : m 22

coefficient of restitution is , find the velocity of A after
2
52. A mass of 10 g moving horizontally with a velocity of 100
collision with B. cm/s strikes a pendulum bob of mass 10 g. Length of string
is 50 cm. The two masses stick together. The maximum
2
height reached by the system now is : (g = 10 m/s )
(a) 2gR (b) gR

(a) 7.5 cm (b) 5 cm
gR (c) 2.5 cm (d) 1.25 cm
(c) (d) 2 gR
2 53. A bullet of mass 0.01 kg and travelling at a speed of 500 m/s
strikes a block of mass 2 kg, which is suspended by a
49. In a vertical plane inside a smooth hollow thin tube, a block
string of length 5 m. The centre of gravity of the block is
of same mass as that of tube is released as shown. When it
found to rise a vertical distance of 0.1 m. What is the speed
is slightly disturbed it moves towards right. By the time the
of the bullet after it emerges from the block :
block reaches the right end of the tube, the displacement
of the tube will be (where ‘R’ is the mean radius of tube the (a) 780 m/s (b) 220 m/s
assume that the tube remains in vertical plane) (c) 1.4 m/s (d) 7.8 m/s
54. A cannon ball is fired with a velocity 200 m/s at an angle of
60° with the horizontal. At the highest point of its flight, it
explodes into 3 equal fragments, one going vertically
upwards with a velocity 100 m/s, the second one fallings
vertically downwards with a velocity 100 m/s. The third
fragement will be moving with a velocity.
(a) 100 m/s in the horizontal direction
2R 4R
(a) (b) (b) 300 m/s in the horizontal direction
 
(c) 300 m/s in a direction making an angle of 60° with the
R horizontal
(c) (d) R (d) 200 m/s in a direction making an angle of 60° with the
2
horizontal
55. An isolated particle of mass m is moving in a horizontal 60. A ball strikes a horizontal floor at 45°.25% of its kinetic
plane (x, y) along the x–axis at a certain height above the energy is lost in collision. Find the coefficient of restitution:
ground. It suddenly explodes into two fragments of masses
1 1
m 3m . An instant later, the smaller fragment is (a) (b)
2 2
and
4 4
1 1
at y = + 15 cm. The larger fragment at this instant is at : (c) (d)
2 2 4
(a) y = – 5 cm (b) y = + 20 cm
(c) y = + 5 cm (d) y = – 20 cm 61. In the previous problem, when the string is taut the velocity
of the centre of mass is :
56. A block of mass m is pushed towards a movable wedge of
mass nm and height h, with a velocity u. All surfaces are m0 v0 2 m0 v0
smooth. The minimum value of u for which the block will (a)  m +m  (b)  m +m 
0 0
reach the top of the wedge is :
m0 v0  m0 +m v0
(c)  2 m +m  (d)
0  2 m0 +m
62. A moving particle of mass m, makes a head on elastic
collision with a particle of mass 2m, which is initially at rest.
The fraction of energy lost by colliding particle is :
1 2
(a) (b)
9 3
(a) 2gh (b) 2 ngh
8
(c) (d) no loss
 1  1 9
(c) 2gh 1   (d) 2gh 1  
 n  n 63. A body A of mass 2 kg is projected upward from the surface
57. A projectile of mass 3 m explodes at highest point of its of the ground at t = 0 with a velocity of 20 m/s. One second
after a body B, also of mass 2 kg is dropped from a height
path. It breaks into three equal parts. One part retraces its
of 20 m. If they collide elastically, then their velocities just
path, the second one comes to rest. The range of the
projectile was 100 m if no explosion would have taken place. after collision are :
The distance of the third part from the point of projection (a) vA = 5 m/s downward, vB = 5 m/s upward
when it finally lands on the ground is : (b) vA = 10 m/s downward, vB = 5 m/s upward
(a) 100 m (b) 150 m
(c) vA = 10 m/s upward, vB = 10 m/s downward
(c) 250 m (d) 300 m
(d) both move downward with velocity 5 m/s
58. At high altitude, a body explodes at rest into two equal
fragments with one fragment receiving horizontal velocity 64. A pendulum consists of a wooden bob of mass m and of
of 10 m/s. Time taken by the two radius vectors connecting lenght l. A bullet of mass m1 is fired towards the pendulum
2
point of explosion of fragments to make 90° is: (g = 10 m/s ) with a speed v1. The bullet emerges out of the bob with a
speed v1/3 and the bob just completes motion along a
(a) 10 s (b) 4 s
vertical circle. Then v1 is
(c) 2 s (d) 1 s
59. A ball thrown with velocity 30 m/s and making an anlge 37° m 3 m 
with horizontal. The ball strikes a vertical wall at a distance (a)  m  5g (b) 2  m  5g
 1  1
of 12 m from the point of projection and coefficient of
restitution between wall and the ball is equal to 0.5. What
2  m1   m1 
is the velocity of the ball just after impact on the wall ? (c)   5g (d)   g
3 m  m
(a) 17.7 m/s (b) 15.6 m/s
(c) 20.4 m/s (d) 19.4 m/s
65. Ball A strikes with velocity u elastically with identical ball B Assertion & Reason
at rest, inclined at an angle of 60° with line joining the (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
centres of two balls. What will be the speed of ball B after correct explanation for assertion.
collision: (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
u 3 correct explanation for assertion.
(a) u (b)
2 (c) Assertion is true and reason is false.
u (d) Assertion is false and reason is true.
u
(c) (d)
2 2 69. Statement–1 : In one dimensional elastic collision between
66. A smooth sphere is moving on a horizontal surface with an incoming body A and body B which is at rest, mass of
body B should be quite lesser than mass of body A so that
velocity vector 2iˆ  2ˆj immediately before it hits a vertical
body B recoil with greatest speed.
wall. The wall is parallel to ĵ vector and the coefficient of Statement–2 : Linear momentum and energy is conserved
in elastic collision.
restitution between the sphere and the wall is e = 1/2. The
velocity vector of the sphere after it hits the wall is : (a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
(a) î  ˆj (b) î  2ˆj
70. Statement–1: A particle strikes head–on with another
stationary particle such that first particle comes to rest
(c) î  ˆj (d) 2iˆ  ˆj
after collision. The collision should necessarily be elastic.
67. Particles P and Q of masses 20 g and 40 g respectively are Statement–2: In elastic collision there is no loss of
projected from positions A and B on the ground. The initial momentum of the system of both the particles.
velocities of P and Q make angles of 45° and 135°, repectively
(a) A (b) B
with the horizontal as shown. Each particle has an initial
(c) C (d) D
speed of 49 m/s. The separation AB is 245 m. Both particles
travel in the same vertical plane and undergo a collision. 71. Statement–1: If a sphere of mass m moving with speed u
After the collision P retraces its path. The position of Q undergoes a perfectly elastic head–on collision with
when it hits the ground is another sphere of heavier mass M at rest (M > m), then
direction of velocity of sphere of mass m is reversed due to
collision (no external force acts on system of two spheres).
Statement–2: During a collision of spheres of unequal
masses, the heavier mass exerts more force on the lighter
mass in comparison to the force which lighter mass exerts
on the heavier one.
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
245
(a) 245 m (b) m
3
More than one Option Correct Type
245 245
(c) m (d) m 72. Which of the following is/are correct?
2 2
(a) If centre of mass of three particles is at rest and it is
68. Match the columns : known that two of them are moving along different
Column–I Column–II lines then the third particle must also be moving.
(a) Elastic collision (P) Constant kinetic energy (b) If centre of mass remains at rest, then net work done by
(b) Inelastic collision (Q) Work done is path the forces acting on the system must be zero.
independent (c) If centre of mass remains at rest then the net external
(c) Non conservative (R) Constant linear momentum force must be zero.
forces (d) If speed of centre of mass is changing then there must
be some net work being done on the system.
(d) Conservative forces (S) None of the above
73. A bag P (mass M) hang by a long thread and a bullet (mass (a) the deceleration of ball A on horizontal plane is g, if 
m) comes horizontally with velocity v and gets caught in the is the coefficient of friction.
bag. Then for the combined (bag + bullet) system, (b) the deceleration of ball A on horizontal plane is 2g.
(a) momentum is mv throughout (c) the value of coefficient of friction is 0.25.
(b) momentum is (M + m)v throughout (d) the value of coefficient of friction is 0.50.
1 2 78. A ball A of mass m is given an initial velocity to slide down
(c) kinetic energy ismv throughout and collide with ball B of mass (2m) so that ball B now has
2
sufficient energy just to hit ball at C. As the ball A slides
(d) loss in kinetic energy in collision process is down its velocity becomes twice of its initial velocity before
1 2 M  collision. The coefficient of restitution is (1/2) :
mv  
2 Mm
74. The momentum of a particle is given by

P  4 sin ti  4 cos tj kg m / s . Select the correct
 
alternative(s).
(a) Momentum P of the particle is always parallel to F.
(b) Momentun P of the particle is always perpendicular to
F.
(c) Magnitude of momentum P is always constant.
(d) None of the above (a) the velocity of ball B after collision is  2 g  h+s  
75. A body moving towards a body of finite mass at rest
collides with it. It is possible that (b) the velocity of ball B after collision is 2 g  h+s  .
(a) both bodies come to rest
(b) both bodies move after collision (c) the initial velocity of ball A is 2 g  h+s  .
(c) the moving body stops and the body at rest starts
moving (d) the initial velocity of ball A is 2 g  h+s  .
(d) the stationary body remains stationary and the moving
body rebounds 79. A ball A of mass 3m is placed at a distance d from the wall
on a smooth horizontal surface. Another ball B of mass m
76. Which of the following statement are true?
moving with velocity u collides with ball A. The coefficient
(a) In an elastic collision of two bodies, the momentum
of restitution between the balls and the wall and between
and energy of each body is conserved.
the balls is e :
(b) The total energy of a system is always conserved
irrespective of whether external forces act on the
system.
(c) The work done by a force in nature on a body, over a
closed loop, is not always zero.
(d) In an inelastic collision of two bodies, the final kinetic
energy is less than the initial kinetic energy of the u  3 e – 1
system. (a) the velocity of ball B after collision is .
4
77. The inclined plane is smooth and horizontal plane is rough.
The ball placed at A collides elastically with similar ball u  2 e  1
(b) the velocity of ball B after collision is .
placed at C. After moving a distance R, the ball at C stops: 4
(c) After collision, ball A will move away by distance
d  2e 1
.
d  2e – 1
(d) After collision, ball A will move away by distance
d  e 1
.
 3e –1
80. Two blocks A and B each of mass m are connected by a (a) Tension in the string is 17 mg/9
massless spring of natural length L and spring constant K.
(b) Tension in the string is 3 mg
The blocks are initially resting on a smooth horizontal floor
with the spring at its natural length, as shown. A third
2g
identical block C (of mass m) moves on the floor with a (c) The velocity of the block is
speed V along the line joining A and B and collides elastically 3
with A : (d) The maximum height attained by the pendulum bob
4
after impact is (measured from the lowest position)
9

82. Two particles of masses 5 kg and 3 kg are at a separation of
(a) the kinetic energy of (A – B) system at maximum 8 m. If the 5-kg mass is moved towards the 3-kg mass by a
compression of the spring is zero. distance of 1.8 m, then by what distance and in which
(b) the kinetic energy of (A – B) system at maximum direction the second particle should be moved so that the
2
compression of the spring is mV /4. centre of the system does not change (in m)?
83. Blocks A and B of mass 1 kg each are moving with 4 m/sec
(c) the maximum compression of the spring is V  m/K  and 2 m/sec, respectively, as shown in the figure. The
coefficient of friction for all surfaces is 0.10. Find the
distance by which the centre of mass travels before coming
(d) the maximum compression of the spring is V  m/ 2 K 
to rest (in m).
81. A pendulum bob of mass m connected to the end of an 84. Two balls A and B of masses 0.10 kg and 0.25 kg, repectively,
ideal string of length l is released from rest from horizontal are connected by a stretched spring. The system is placed
2
position as shown. At the lowest point, the bob makes an on a smooth table. The initial acceleration of B is 2 m/sec
elastic collision with a stationary block of mass 5m, which westwards when the system is released. Find the magnitude
2
is kept on a frictionless surface. Mark out the correct and direction of the acceleration of A (in m/sec ) towards
statement(s) for the instant just after the impact. east.
85. Two blocks A and B of equal mass m = 1 kg are lying on a
smooth horizontal surface as shown in the figure. A spring
of force constant K = 200 N/m is fixed at one end of the
block A. Block B collides with block A with velocity
v0 = 2 m/sec. What will be the maximum compression of the
–1
spring (in 10 m)?
EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEARS JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

1. Two particles of masses m1 and m2, in projectile motions, 4. A particle of mass m, moving in a circular path of radius R
have velocities v1 < v2 respectively at time t = 0. They with a constant speed v2 is located at point (2R, 0) at
  time t = 0 and a man starts moving with a velocity v1 along
collide at time t0. Their velocities become v '1 and v '2 at
the +ve of y-axis from origin at time t = 0. Calculate the
time 2t 0 while moving in air. The value of
linear momentum of the particle with respect to the man as
  
   
 a function of time. (2003)
 m1 v '1  m 2 v '2  –  m1 v1  m 2 v 2  is (2001)
   
(a) zero (b) (m1 + m2) gt0
1
(c) 2(m1 + m2) gt0 (d) (m + m2) gt0
2 1
2. A car P is moving with a uniform speed of 5 3 m/s towards

a carriage of mass 9 kg at rest kept on the rails at a point B
as shown in figure. The height AC is 120 m. Cannon balls 5. There is a rectangular plate of mass M kg, of dimensions
of 1 kg are fired from the car with an initial velocity 100 m/ (a × b). The plate is held in the horizontal position by striking
s at an angle 30° with the horizontal. The first cannon ball n small balls, each of mass m, per unit area per unit time.
hits the stationary carriage after a time t0 and sticks to it. These are striking in the dotted half region of the plate.
Determine t0. At t0, the second cannon ball is fired. Assume The balls are colliding elastically with velocity v. What is
that the resistive force between the rails and the carriage v?
is constant and ignore the vertical motion of the carriage
throughout. If the second ball also hits and sticks to the
carriage, what will be the horizontal velocity of the carriage
just after the second impact. (2001)
It is given : n = 100, M = 3kg, m = 0.01 kg

2
b = 2m, a = 1m, g = 10 m/s . (2006)
 ^  ^
6. Two balls, having linear momenta p1  pi and p 2  – p i ,

3. Two blocks of masses 10 kg and 4 kg are connected by a undergo a collision in free space. There is no external force
spring of negligible mass and placed on a frictionless  
horizontal surface. An impulse gives a velocity of 14 m/s acting on the balls. Let p '1 and p '2 be their final momenta.
to the heavier block in the direction of the lighter block. The following option(s) is/are NOT ALLOWED for any
The velocity of the centre of mass is (2002) non-zero value of p, a1, a2, b1, b2, c1 and c2. (2008)
 ^ ^
(a) 3 m/s (b) 20 m/s  ^ ^ ^
(a) p '1  a1 i  b1 j  c1 k, p '2  a 2 i  b 2 j
(c) 10 m/s (d) 5 m/s  ^  ^
(b) p '1  c1 k, p '2  c 2 k
 ^ ^ ^  ^ ^ ^
(c) p '1  a1 i  b1 j  c1 k, p '2  a 2 i  b 2 j  c1 k
 ^ ^  ^ ^
(d) p '1  a1 i  b1 j, p '2  a 2 i  b 2 j
7. A shell is fired from a cannon with a velocity v (m/s) at an 11. Two small particles of equal masses start moving in
angle  with the horizontal direction. At the highest point opposite directions from a point A in a horizontal circular
in its path it explodes into two pieces of equal mass. One of orbit. Their tangential velocities are v and 2 v respectively,
the pieces retraces its path to the cannon and the speed (in as shown in the figure. Between collisions, the particles
m/s) of the other piece immediately after the explosion is move with constant speeds. After making how many elastic
(2008) collisions, other than that at A, these two particles will
again reach the point A ? (2009)
(a) 3v cos  (b) 2v cos 
3 3
(c)  cos  (d)  cos 
2 2
Passage
A small block of mass M moves on a firctionless surface of
an inclined plane, as shown in figure. The angle of the
(a) 4 (b) 3
incline suddenly changes from 60° to 30° at point B. The
block is initially at rest at A. Assume that collisions between (c) 2 (d) 1
2
the block and the incline are totally inelastic (g = 10 m/s ) 12. Look at the drawing given in the figure, which has been
drawn with ink of uniform line-thickness. The mass of ink
used to draw each of the two inner circles, and each of the
two line segments is m. The mass of the ink used to draw
the outer circle is 6 m. The coordinates of the centres of the
different parts are : outer circle (0, 0), left inner circle (–a, a),
right inner circle (a, a), vertical line (0, 0) and horizontal line
(0, –a). The y–coordinate of the centre of mass of the ink in
this drawing is (2009)
8. The speed of the block at point B immediately after it strikes

the second incline is (2008)
(a) 60 m / s (b) 45 m / s
(c) 30 m / s (d) 15 m / s
a a
9. The speed of the block at point C, immediately before it (a) (b)
10 8
leaves the second incline is (2008)
a a
(c) (d)
(a) 120 m / s (b) 105 m / s 12 3
13. If the resultant of all the external forces acting on a system
(c) 90 m / s (d) 75 m / s of particles is zero, then from an inertial frame, one can
10. If collision between the block and the incline is completely surely say that (2009)
elastic, then the vertical (upward) component of the velocity (a) linear momentum of the systmem does not change in
of the block at point B, immediately after it strikes the second time
incline is (2008) (b) kinetic energy of the system does not change in time
(a) 30 m / s (b) 15 m / s (c) angular momentum of the system does not change in
time
(c) zero (d)  15 m / s (d) potential energy of the system does not change in time
Multiple Choice Questions with One or More than One Correct Assertion & Reason
Answer (a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the
14. A point mass of 1 kg collides elastically with a stationary Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
point mass of 5 kg. After their collision, the 1 kg mass (b) The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the Reason
reverses its direction and moves with a speed of 2 ms–1. is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct for
(c) Our Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
the system of these two masses ? (2010)
(d) The statement of the Assertion is false but the Reason is
(a) Total momentum of the system is 3 kg ms–1.
true.
(b) Momentum of 5 kg mass after collision is 4 kg ms–1. 17. Statement I A point particle of mass m moving with speed
(c) Kinetic energy of the centre of mass is 0.75 J. v collides with stationary point particle of mass M. If the
(d) Total kinetic energy of the system is 4 J. 1 2
maximum energy loss possible is given as f  mv  , then
2 
Assertion & Reason  M 
f  .
(a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Mm
Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion. Statement II Maximum energy loss occurs when the particles
(b) The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the Reason get stuck together as a result of the collision. (2013)
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. (a) A (b) B
(c) Our Assertion is true but the Reason is false. (c) C (d) D
(d) The statement of the Assertion is false but the Reason is 18. A flat plate is moving normal to its plane through a gas
true. under the action of a constant force F. The gas is kept at a
15. Satement I : Two particles moving in the same direction do very low pressure. The speed of the plate v is much less
not lose all their energy in a completely inelastic collision. than the average speed u of the gas molecules. Which of
Satement II : Principal of conservation of momentum holds the following options is/are true? (2018)
true for all kinds of collisions. (2010) (a) The pressure difference between the leading and
(a) A (b) B trailing faces of the plate is proportional to u
(c) C (d) D (b) The plate will continue to move with constant non-
zero acceleration, at all times
16. A ball of mass 0.2 kg rests on a vertical post of height 5 m.
A bullet of mass 0.01 kg, travelling with a velocity v m/s in (c) At a later time the external force F balances the resistive
a horizontal direction, hits the centre of the ball. After the force
collision, the ball and bullet travel independently. The ball (d) The resistive force experienced by the plate is
hits the ground at a distance of 20 m and the bullet at a proportional to v
distance of 100 m from the foot of the post. The initial 19. A spring-block system is resting on a frictionless floor as
velocity v of the bullet is (2011) shown in the figure. The spring constant is 2.0 Nm and
–1
the mass of the block is 2.0 kg. Ignore the mass of the
spring. Initially the spring is in unstretched condition.
Another block of mass 1.0 kg moving with a speed of 2.0
–1
ms collides elastically with the first block. The collision is
such that the 2.0 kg block does not hit the wall. The
distance, in metres, between the two blocks when the
spring returns to its unstretched position for the first time
after the collision is......................
(2018)
(a) 250 m/s (b) 250 2 m / s

(c) 400 m/s (d) 500 m/s
20. A small particle of mass m moving inside a heavy, hollow  

(a) u0  2 ghxˆ (b) v  2 gh  xˆ  zˆ 
and straight tube along the tube axis undergoes elastic
collision at two ends. The tube has no friction and it is
d
closed at one end by a flat surface while the other end is (c)   60 (d) h  2 3
fitted with a heavy movable flat piston as shown in figure. 1
When the distance of the piston from closed end is L  L0 22. A bar of mass M = 1.00 kg and length L  0.20 m is lying
on a horizontal frictionless surface. One end of the bar is
the particle speed is v  v0 . The piston is moved inward at pivoted at a point about which it is free to rotate. A small
mass m  0.10 kg is moving on the same horizontal surface
dL
a very low speed V such that V  v 0 . .Where dL is the with 5.00 ms 1 speed on a path perpendicular to the bar..
L
infinitesimal displacement of the piston. Which of the L
It hits the bar at a distance from the pivoted end and
following statement(s) is/are correct? (2019) 2
returns back on the same path with speed v. After this
elastic collision, the bar rotates with an angular velocity
 . Which of the following statement is correct?
(2023)
(a) After each collision with the piston, the particle speed (a)   6.98 rad s 1 and v  4.30 ms 1
increases by 2V.
(b)   3.75 rad s 1 and v  4.30 ms 1
(b) If the piston moves inward by dL, the particle speed
increases by 2v (c)   3.75 rad s 1 and v  10.0 ms 1
(c) The particle kinetic energy increases by a factor of 4
(d)   6.80 rad s 1 and v  4.10 ms 1
1
when the piston is moved inward from L 0 to L 0 23. A thin circular coin of mass 5 gm and radius 4/3 cm is
2
initially in a horizontal xy-plane. The coin is tossed
(d) The rate at which the particle strikes the piston is v/L vertically up (+z direction) by applying an impulse of
21. A slide with a frictionless curved surface, which becomes
 2
horizontal at its lower end, is fixed on the terrace of a  10 N-s at a distance 2/3 cm from its center. The
2
building of height 3h from the ground, as shown in the
coin spins about its diameter and moves along the +z
figure. A spherical ball of mass m is released on the slide
direction. By the time the coin reaches back to its initial
from rest at a height h from the top of the terrace. The ball
 position, it completes n rotations. The value of n is
leaves the slide with a velocity u0  u0 xˆ and falls on the _____.
ground at a distance d from the building making an angle [Given: The acceleration due to gravity g  10 ms 2 ]

 with the horizontal. It bounces off with a velocity v
and reaches the maximum height h1 . The acceleration due
to gravity is g and the coefficient of restitution of the
1
ground is . Which of the following statement(s) is(are)
3
correct? (2023)
(2023)
CENTRE OF MASS, MOMENTUM AND

COLLISION
ROTATIONAL MOTION 117
08
ROTATIONAL MOTION
SCAN CODE
ROTATIONAL MOTION
Chapter
ROTATIONAL 08
MOTION 118
ROTATIONAL MOTION
System of particles can move in different ways as displacement then the right-hand thumb gives us the
observed by us in daily life. To understand this, we direction of angular velocity. It is always along the
axis of the rotation.
1. KINEMATIC OF THE SYSTEM OF PARTICLES (iii) Angular Acceleration
Angular acceleration of an object about any point is
need to understand few new parameters.
rate of change of angular velocity about that point.
Rigid body: A body in which distance between any two
particles remain same regardless of any external
changes.
1.1 Kinematic of Rotational Motion
(i) Angular Displacement
Consider a particle moving from A to B in the
following figures.
Fig.8.3
d d 2 
 
dt dt 2
d d d
 . 
dt d d

avg 
t
Fig. 8.1 Unit  Rad/s2.
Angle  is the angular displacement of the particle Angular acceleration is also a vector quantity.
about O. If  is constant, then like equations of translatory
Unit: radian (rad). motion we can also write relations between 
(ii) Angular Velocity and t.
The rate of change of angular displacement is   0  t
called as angular velocity. 1
  0 t  t 2
2
2  02  2
Here, 0 is initial angular velocity and  is final
angular velocity.
1.2 Various Types of Motion

(i) Translational Motion
Fig. 8.2 A system is said to be in translational motion, if all
Instantaneous Angular Velocity
the particles within the system have same linear
d
 velocity
dt
Average Angular Velocity Example: Motion of a rod as shown below.


t
Unit  Rad/s.
Angular velocity is a vector quantity whose
direction is given by right hand thumb rule.
According to right hand thumb rule, if we curl the Fig. 8.4

fingers of right hand along the direction of angular
SCAN CODE
ROTATIONAL MOTION
  
Example: Motion of body of car on a straight rod. v p   r
  
a  at  ar
  
at    r
  
a r   v
Fig.8.5
In both the above examples, velocity of all the
particles is same as they all have equal displacements
in equal intervals of time.
(ii) Rotational Motion
An object is said to be in pure rotational motion,
when all the points lying on the system are in circular
Fig.8.8
motion about one common fixed axis.
Example
Fig.8.6
In pure rotational motion, angular velocity of all the
points is same about the fixed axis. Fig.8.9
(iii) Rotational + Translational motion L

An object is said to be in rotational + translational v B  L and vA  , with directions as shown in the
2
motion, when the particle is rotating with some
figure above.
angular velocity about a movable axis.
Now in rotational + translational motion, we just
For Example superimpose velocity and acceleration of axis on the
velocity and acceleration of any point about the axis of
rotation. (i.e.)
Fig.8.7
v = velocity of axis. Fig.8.10

 = Angular velocity of system about O.

v PO  Ri

vO  vi
  
1.3 Relationship Between Kinematics Variables  v P  vO  v PO
  
In general, if a body is rotating about any axis (fixed or  vP  v PO  vO   R  v  i

Similarly, vQO  Rj
movable), with angular velocity  and angular
acceleration , then velocity of any point p with respect 
to axis is vO  vi

 vQ  vi  R j
SCAN CODE
ROTATIONAL MOTION
2. MOMENT OF INERTIA
Moment of inertia gives the measure of mass
distribution about an axis.
I   mi ri2
Fig.8.13
Where ri  Perpendicular distance of the i th mass from
Keep in mind that here the quantity r is the
the axis of rotation.
perpendicular distance of point mass from axis of
Moment of inertia is always defined about an axis. rotation, not the distance to the origin. To evaluate this
integral, we must express m in terms of r.
2.3 Moment of Inertia of Some Important Bodies
(i) Circular Ring
Axis passing through the centre and perpendicular
to the plane of ring.
I = MR2
Fig.8.11 Fig.8.14
(ii) Hollow Cylinder
For example, moment of inertia for above case, I = MR2
I  M1r12  M 2 r22  M3 r32  M 4 r42
 SI unit  kg-m2
 Gives the measure of rotational inertia and is
analogous to mass in linear motion.
2.1 Moment of Inertia of a Discreet Particle System:
Fig.8.15
(iii) Solid Cylinder and a Disc
About its geometrical axis as shown below
1
I  MR 2
2
Fig.8.12
I  M r  M r  M3 r32
11
2 2
2 2
2.2 Moment of Inertia of Continuous Bodies Fig.8.16

When the distribution of mass of a system of particle is
continuous, the discrete sum I   m1r12 is replaced by (iv) Sphere
Solid Sphere: Axis passing through the centre of
an integral. The moment of inertia of the whole body
mass
takes the form
2
I  MR 2
I   r 2dm 5
SCAN CODE
ROTATIONAL MOTION
parallel axes and M is the mass of the body then

according to the parallel axis theorem:
Fig.8.17
Hollow Sphere:
Axis passing through the centre of mass,
2
I  MR 2 Fig.8.21
3 2
I P  Icm  Md
(v) Thin Rod of length l:
(ii) Perpendicular Axis Theorem:
 Axis passing through midpoint and Consider a planar body (i.e., a body of zero
perpendicular to length: thickness) of mass M. Let X and Y axes be two
mutually perpendicular lines in the plane of the
body. The axes intersect at origin O.
Fig.8.18
M 2
I
12
 Axis passing through an end and perpendicular
to the rod:
Fig.8.22
Let Ix  moment of inertia of the body about X–
axis.
Let I y  moment of inertia of the body about Y–
axis.
Fig.8.19
Then the moment of inertia of the body about Z–
M 2 axis (Passing through O and perpendicular to the
I
3 plane of the body) is given by:
(vi) Rectangular Sheet: Iz  I x  I y
 axis passing through centre of the rectangular The above result is known as the perpendicular
sheet axis
theorem.
NOTE:
Perpendicular axis theorem is not valid for 3D bodies.
2.5 Radius of Gyration

If M is the mass and I is the moment of inertia of a rigid
Fig.8.20 body about a given axis then the radius of gyration (K)
I M
a 2
 b2  of the body about that axis is given by :
12 I
K
2.4 Theorems on Moment of Inertia M
R
(i) Parallel Axis Theorem: Let I CM be the moment e.g. K ring  R, K disc 
(About an axis passing
2
of inertia of a body about an axis through its through the com and perpendicular to the plane of
centre of mass and let IP be the moment of inertia body)
of the same body about another axis which is
parallel to the first one. If d is the distance
between these two
SCAN CODE
ROTATIONAL MOTION
 If    0 , then the body is said to be in

3. ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS rotational equilibrium.
 If  F  0 along with    0 , then body is
said to be in mechanical equilibrium
3.1 Torque (Translation and rotational equilibrium).
Similar to force, the cause of rotational motion is a  If two forces of equal magnitude, opposite
physical quantity called a torque/moment of direction and do not share a line of action act
force/angular force. to produce same torque, then they constitute a
Torque incorporates the following factors. couple. It does not produce any translation,
 Amount of force. only rotation.
 Point of application of force.  For calculating torque, it is very important to
 Direction of application of force. know the effective point of application of
Combining all the above, force.
Torque about point O, 3.2 Newton's Law in Rotation
  
  r F
 = I
  r.Fsin 
Where, Where, I = moment of Inertia
r = distance from the point O to point of application of
force.
 = Angular Acceleration
F = force 3.3 Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies
 
 = angle between r and F The conditions of equilibrium for a rigid body are
different from that of a particle. Unlike particle such as
bodies, rigid bodies have a tendency to rotate, therefore,
one must consider the rotational equilibrium also, in
addition to the translational equilibrium.
The equations of equilibrium (in two dimensions) for a
rigid body are stated as:

Translational equilibrium:  F  0

Fig. 8.23 Rotational equilibrium:  C  0
Note that for rotational equilibrium of a rigid body, the
Magnitude of torque can also be rewritten as
net torque about its centre of mass must be zero.
  rF or   rF Action of two forces on a particle and a rigid body is
Where, shown in Figs. 8.24 and 8.25.
F  component of force in the direction perpendicular A particle is in equilibrium under the action of two

to r. equal and opposite forces.
r  component of distance in the direction

perpendicular to F.
(i) Direction of Torque:
Direction of torque is given by right hand thumb
rule. If we curl the fingers of right hand from first
 

vector  r  to the second vector F then right-
hand thumb gives us direction of their cross
product, i.e., the torque. F  0
(ii) Some Important Points about Torque:   0
C
Torque is always defined about a point or about an
axis. Fig. 8.24
When there are multiple forces, the net torque
The body have both translational and rotational
needs to be calculated. i.e., all torque about same
equilibrium.
point/axis.
   
net  F1  F2  ...Fn
SCAN CODE
ROTATIONAL MOTION
A rigid body may or may not be in equilibrium under

the action of two equal and opposite forces. 4. ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND
ANGULAR IMPULSE
4.1 Angular Momentum

(i) For a particle
Angular momentum about a point (O) is given as
      
 
L  r  p  r  mv  m r  v  

where r is position vector of the particle w.r.t. O
F  0 
and v is velocity of particle
  0
C
(ii) For a particle moving in a circle
Fig. 8.25 For a particle moving in a circle of radius r with a
speed v, its linear momentum is mv, magnitude of
The body is in translational equilibrium but not in angular momentum (L) is given as :
rotational equilibrium.
L  mvr  mvr
Figures 8.26 and 8.27 show equilibrium of a rigid body
under the action of three parallel or concurrent forces. As  being 90, sin 90  1

A rigid body may be in equilibrium under the action of Direction of L is out of the plane of circle.
three forces if their lines of action are parallel to each
other.
Fig.8.28
(iii) For a rigid body (about a fixed axis)
L = sum of angular momentum of all particles
about that axis
 L  m1 v1r1  m 2 v 2 r2  m 3 v3 r3  ....
Fig. 8.26
 L  m1r12   m 2 r22   m 3 r32   ....  v  r
A rigid body may be in equilibrium under the action of
three concurrent forces (concurrent means having a  L   m1r12  m 2 r22  m 3 r32  .... 
common point of application).  L  I
Angular momentum is also a vector and its

direction is same as that of 
We know that,
 
L  I
 
dL d   
I  I  net (Considering I constant)
dt dt
Similar to the definition of linear force in linear
motion, Torque can be defined as the rate of
Fig. 8.27
change of angular momentum.
SCAN CODE
ROTATIONAL MOTION
4.2 Conservation of Angular Momentum The total kinetic energy of a body which is translating
 as well as rotating is given by :
If net  0 K  K translational  K rotational

dL 1 1
 0 K 2
MVCM  ICM 2
dt 2 2

 L  constant Where,
  VCM = speed of the centre of mass
 L f  Li ICM = moment of inertia about axis passing through
CM.
 = angular velocity of rotation
4.3 Angular Impulse
  
J   dt  L 6.
ROL
LING Rolling motion is a combination of
5. WORK AND ENERGY rotation and translation
In case of rolling all point of a rigid body have same
5.1 Work Done by a Torque angular speed but different linear speed.
Consider a rigid body acted upon by a force F at
perpendicular distance r from the axis of rotation.
Suppose that under this force, the body rotates through
an angle d.
Work done = force × displacement
dW  F(rd) Fig.8.29
 dW  d 6.1 Pure Rolling (without Slipping)
 Work done = (torque) × (angular displacement) For a rolling motion to be pure rolling the velocity of
point of contact of body with platform should be equal
 W   d  Where  is function of   for both rolling body and platform.
dW d
Power    
dt dt
5.2 Kinetic Energy
Rotational kinetic energy of the system rotating about
a fixed axis
Fig.8.30
1 1
 m1v12  m2 v22  .... (i) General case (when surface is moving)
2 2
1 1 VA  VB
 m1r12 2  m2 r22 2  ....
2 2  Vcm  R  VB
1
 
 m1r2  mr22  m3 r32  .... 2
2
2
In terms of acceleration: a cm  R  a B
1 (ii) Special case (when VB = 0)

Hence rotational kinetic energy of the system  I2
2 Vcm  R  0
Where I = Moment of inertia about the axis.  Vcm  R
NOTE: 6.2 Total KE of Rolling Body
Comparing the expression of rotational kinetic energy
with 1/2 mv2, we can say that the role of moment of
inertia (I) is same in rotational motion as that of mass in
linear motion. It is a measure of the resistance offered
by a body to a change its rotational motion.
Fig. 8.31
SCAN CODE
ROTATIONAL MOTION
1 6.5 Rolling and Sliding Motion on an Inclined Plane

(i) K  IP 2
2 (i) Pure rolling on an incline plane
or
1 1
(ii) K  I cm 2  MVcm
2
2 2
Here,
(a) I P  Icm  MR 2 (parallel axes theorem)
(b) Vcm  R (condition for pure rolling)

Fig.8.34
NOTE: g sin 
aR 
Friction is responsible for the motion, but work done or I
1
dissipation of energy against friction is zero in pure mR 2
rolling motion as point of application has zero velocity. If initial velocity of body is zero then by using
equation of motion,
2g sin  h
6.3 Forward Slipping VR2  02 
I sin 
1
MR 2
2gh
 VR 
I
1
MR 2
1 2h  I 
Fig.8.32 Also, t R  1  
sin  g  MR 2 
The bottom most point slides in the forward direction Where, VR = Final velocity of com of rolling body,
w.r.t. ground, so friction force acts opposite to velocity tR = Time taken by body to reach the ground,
at lowest point i.e., opposite to direction of motion. (ii) Sliding on an incline plane
Example: When sudden brakes are applied to car its ‘v’
remain same while ‘r’ decreases so it slides on the
ground.
6.4 Backward Slipping
Fig.8.35
Using energy conservation,
1
mVs2  mgh
Fig.8.33 2
 Vs  2gh
The bottom most point slides in the backward direction
w.r.t. ground, so friction force acts opposite to velocity Component of acceleration along incline is g sin.
i.e., friction will act in the direction of motion. Time taken by body to reach ground by sliding:
h 1
Example: When car starts on a slippery ground, its  g sin  t s2
sin  2
wheels have small ‘v’ but large ‘r’ so wheels slips on
the ground and friction acts against slipping. 1 2h
 ts  .
sin  g
SCAN CODE
ROTATIONAL MOTION
Fig.8.38
7.TOPPLING
Now, if F or b (or both) is increased, distance a also
increases. But it cannot go beyond the right edge
You might have seen in your practical life that if a
of the block. So, in extreme case (beyond which the
force F is applied to a block A of smaller width and
block will topple down), the normal reaction
greater height it is more likely to topple down
before sliding while if the same force F is applied passes through E as shown in (b) Fig. 8.38
to another block B of broader base, chances of its Now, if F or b is further increased, the block will
sliding are more compared to its toppling. topple down. This is why the block having the
broader base has less chances of toppling in
comparison to a block of smaller base. Because the
block of larger base has more margin for the
normal reaction to shift. On the similar ground we
Fig.8.36 can see why the rolling is so easy.
Have you ever thought why it happens so? To
understand it in a better way let us take an example.
Suppose a force F is applied at a height b above the
base AE of the block.
Further, suppose the friction f is sufficient to
prevent sliding.
Fig.8.39
Because in this case the normal reaction has zero
margin to shift.
Fig.8.37
So even if the body is in translational equilibrium
In this case, if the normal reaction N also passes
(F = f, N = mg) an unbalanced torque is left behind
through C, then despite the fact that the block is in
and the body starts toppling and here the toppling
translational equilibrium (F = f and N = mg), an
means motion. Under ideal conditions, the body
unbalanced torque (due to the couple of forces F
will start moving by a very small force F tending to
and f ) is there.
zero also.
This torque has a tendency to topple the block
about point E. To cancel the effect of this
unbalanced torque the normal reaction N is shifted
towards right a distance ‘a’ (as shown in (a) of
Fig.8.38) such that, net anticlockwise torque is
equal to the net clockwise torque or Fb   mg  a
Fb
or a 
mg
SCAN CODE
ROTATIONAL MOTION
SUMMARY
1. Ideally a rigid body is one for which the distances (2) It is in rotational equilibrium, i.e., the total
between different particles of the body do not change, external torque on it is zero:
  
even though there are forces acting on them.   rt t  Ft  0.
2. A rigid body fixed at one point or along a line can
10. The centre of gravity of an extended body is that point
have only rotational motion. A rigid body not fixed in
about which the total gravitational torque on the body
some way can have either pure translational motion or
is zero.
a combination of translational and rotational motions.
11. The moment of inertia of a rigid body about an axis is
3. In rotation about a fixed axis, every particle of the 2
rigid body moves in a circle which lies in a plane defined by the formula I  m r i i where ri is the
th
perpendicular to the axis and has its centre on the axis. perpendicular distance of the i point of the body
Every point in the rotating rigid body has the same from the axis.
angular velocity at any instant of time.
12. The theorem of parallel axes: I '  I com  Ma 2 , allows
4. In pure translation, every particle of the body moves
us to determine the moment of inertia of a rigid body
with the same velocity at any instant of time.
about an axis as the sum of the moment of inertia of
5. Angular velocity is a vector quantity. Its magnitude is the body about a parallel axis through its centre of
d mass and the product of mass and square of the
 and it is directed along the axis of rotation.
dt perpendicular distance between these two axes.

For rotation about a fixed axis this vector  has a 13. Rotation about a fixed axis is directly analogous to
fixed direction. linear motion in respect of kinematics and dynamics.
6. The linear velocity of a particle of a rigid body 14. The kinetic energy of rotation about an axis is
  
rotating about a fixed axis is given by v   r, 1
K  I2 .
 2
where r is the position vector of the particle with
respect to an origin along the fixed axis. The relation 15. For a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis of rotation,
applies even to more general rotation of a rigid body L = I, where I is the moment of inertia about that
 axis.
with one point fixed. In that case r is the position
vector of the particle with respect to the fixed point 16. The angular acceleration of a rigid body rotating about
taken as the origin. a fixed axis is given by I = .
7. The angular momentum of a system of n particles 17. If the external torque  acting on the body about the
about the origin is axis is zero, then angular momentum about the axis
 n   (L = I) of such a rotating body is constant.
L   r t  pt
t 1
18. For rolling motion without slipping on ground vcm =
R, where vcm is the velocity of translation (i.e., of the
8. The torque or moment of force on a system of n
centre of mass), R is the radius and m is the mass of
particles about the origin is
the body. The kinetic energy of such a rolling body is
 n   the sum of kinetic energies of translation and rotation:
   r t  Ft
t 1
1 2 1
K mvcm  Icm 2
9. A rigid body is in mechanical equilibrium if 2 2
(1) It is in translational equilibrium, i.e., the total

external force on it is zero: F t  0, and
SCAN CODE
ROTATIONAL MOTION

Introduction to Rotational Motion
8. An electric fan has blades of length 30 cm as
1. The driving side belt has a tension of 1600 N and the measured from the axis of rotation. If the fan is
slack side has 500 N tension. The belt turns a pulley rotating at 1200 rpm, the acceleration of a
40 cm in radius at a rate of 300 rpm. This pulley point on the tip of a blade is about:
drives a dynamo with 90% efficiency. How many (a) 4740 m/sec2 (b) 5055 m/sec2
kilowatts are being delivered to the dynamo? (c) 1600 m/sec 2
(d) 2370 m/sec2
(a) 12.4 (b) 6.2
(c) 24.8 (d) 13.77 Moment of Inertia
2. The angular velocity of a wheel increases from 9. The moment of inertia of a body does not depend on:
100 rad/s to 300 rad/s in 10 s. The angle rotated (in (a) the mass of the body
radians) by the wheel is: (b) the angular velocity of the body
(a) 600 (b) 1500 (c) the axis of rotation of the body
(c) 1000 (d) 2000 (d) the distribution of the mass in the body
3. When a ceiling fan is switched off, its angular 10. Three point masses m1, m2 and m3 are located at the
velocity vertices of an equilateral triangle of side ‘a’. What is
falls to half while it makes 36 rotations. How many the moment of inertia of the system about an axis
more rotations will it make before coming to rest? along the altitude of the triangle passing through m1?
[Assume constant average angular retardation]
a2 a2
(a) 24 (b) 36 (a)  m1  m2  (b)  m2  m3 
4 4
(c) 18 (d) 12
4. A rigid body rotates about a fixed axis with variable a2 a2
(c)  m1  m3  (d)  m1  m2  m3 
angular velocity equal to    t at time t where 4 4
11. A circular disc X of radius R is made from an iron
 and  are constants. The angle through which it
plate of thickness t, and another disc Y of radius 4R
rotates before it comes to rest is: is made from an iron plate of thickness t/4. Then the
2 2  2 relation between the moment of inertia IX and IY is :
(a) (b)
2 2 (a) IY = 32 IX (b) IY = 16 IX
(c) IY = IX (d) IY = 64 IX
2 2  (   )
(c) (d) 12. The ratio of the squares of radii of gyration of a
2 2
circular disc and a circular ring of the same radius
5. A wheel is subjected to uniform angular acceleration about a tangential axis is:
about its axis. Initially, its angular velocity is zero. In (a) 1:2 (b) 5:6
the first 2 s, it rotates through an angle 1 , in the next (c) 2:3 (d) 2:1
2 13. Moment of inertia of a uniform annular disc of
2s, it rotates through an angle  2 . The ratio of is:
1 internal radius r and external radius R and mass M
(a) 1 (b) 2 about an axis through its centre and perpendicular to
(c) 3 (d) 5 its plane is:
6. The linear velocity of a particle on the equator is 1 1
(a) M ( R2  r 2 ) (b) M ( R2  r 2 )
nearly (radius of the earth is 4000 miles): 2 2
(a) zero (b) 10 miles/hr M (R4  r 4 ) 1 M (R4  r 4 )
(c) 100 miles/hr (d) 1000 miles/hr (c) (d)
2( R 2  r 2 ) 2 (R2  r 2 )
7. A stone of mass m is tied to a string of length L and
14. For the same total mass which of the following will
rotated in a circle with a constant speed v; if the
have the largest moment of inertia about an axis
string is released the stone files:
passing through the centre of gravity and
(a) Radially outward
perpendicular to the plane of the body?
(b) Radially inward
(a) A disc of radius a
(c) Tangentially
(b) A ring of radius a
mv 2 (c) A square lamina of side 2a
(d) With an acceleration
L (d) Four roads forming square of side 2a
15. If the radius of a solid sphere is 35 cm, calculate the MR 2 MR 2

radius of gyration when the axis is along a tangent: (c) (d)
L 2
(a) 7 10cm (b) 7 35 cm 21. The moment of inertia of a metre stick of mass 300
gm, about an axis at right angles to the stick and
7 2
(c) cm (d) cm located at 30 cm mark, is:
5 5
(a) 8.3 105 g  cm2 (b) 5.8 g  cm2
16. The moment of inertia of a straight thin rod of mass
(c) 3.7 105 g  cm2 (d) none of these
M, length L about an axis perpendicular to its length
and passing through its one end is: 22. The moment of inertia of a solid sphere about an axis
2
1 1 passing through centre of gravity is MR 2 ; then its
(a) ML2 (b) ML2 5
12 3 radius of gyration about a parallel axis at a distance
1 2 2R from first axis is:
(c) ML (d) ML2
2 22
(a) 5R (b) R
17. A closed tube partly filled with water lies in a 5
horizontal plane. If the tube is rotated about 5 12
perpendicular bisector, the moment of inertia of the (c) R (d) R
2 5
system: 23. Four spheres of diameter 2a and mass M are placed
(a) increases with their centres on the four corners of a square of
(b) decreases side b. Then the moment of inertia of the system
(c) remains constant about an axis along one of the sides of the square is:
(d) depends on sense of rotation
4 8
18. Two rings of same mass (m) and radius (r) are placed (a) Ma 2  2 Mb 2 (b) Ma 2  2 Mb2
5 5
such that their centres are at a common point and
their 8 4
(c) Ma 2 (d) Ma 2  4 Mb 2
planes are perpendicular to each other. The moment 5 5
of inertia of the system about an axis passing through 24. For the given uniform square lamina ABCD, whose
the centre and perpendicular to the plane of one of centre is O, Choose the correct statement about
the moment of inertial about certain axes.
rings is
1 2
(a) mr (b) mr2
2
3 2
(c) mr (d) 2mr2
2
19. What is the moment of inertia I of a uniform solid (a) 2 I AC  I EF (b) IAD = 3IEF
sphere of mass M and radius R, pivoted about an axis
that is tangent to the surface of the sphere? (c) IAC = IEF (d) I AC  2 I EF
25. Moment of inertia of a circular wire of mass M and
radius R about its diameter is:
MR 2
(a) (b) MR2
2
MR 2
(c) 2MR2 (d)
4
2 3
(a) MR 2 (b) MR 2 26. One solid sphere A and another hollow sphere B are
3 5
of same mass and same outer radii. Their moments of
6 7 inertia about their diameters are respectively IA and
(c) MR 2 (d) MR 2
5 5 IB such that
20. The moment of inertia of a solid cylinder of mass M, (a) IA = IB (b) IA > IB
radius R and length L about its axis I d
(c) IA < IB (d) A  A
(a) ML2 (b) MR2 IB d B
27. Three-point masses, each of mass M, are placed at 33. A uniform rod is kept on a frictionless horizontal
the corners of an equilateral triangle of side L. Then table and two forces F1 and F2 are acted as shown in
the moment of inertia of this system about an axis figure. The line of action of force FR1 (which
along one side of the triangle is:
produces same torque) is at a perpendicular distance
(a) 3 ML2 (b) ML2 ‘C’ from O. Now F1 and F2 are interchanged and F1
3 3 is reversed. The new forces FR2 (which produces
(c) ML2 (d) ML
2
4 2 torque of same magnitude in the present case) has its

28. Moment of inertia of a uniform circular disc about a C
diameter is I. Its moment of inertia about an axis line of action at a distance from O. If the FR1 :
2
perpendicular to its plane and passing through a point
FR2 in the ratio 2:1, then a: b is (assume F2 a  F1b) :
on its rim will be:
(a) 5I (b) 3I
(c) 6I (d) 4I
29. The moment of inertia of a circular ring of radius R
and mass M about a tangent in its plane is:
1 2
(a) MR 2 (b) MR 2 F2  F1 F2  4 F1
2 (a) (b)
4 F3  F1 4 F2  F1
3 2
(c) MR (d) 2MR 2 F2  3F1 F2  F1
2 (c) (d)
F1  F2 2 F2  3F1
30. A wheel comprises of a ring of radius R and mass M 
and three spokes of mass m each. The moment of 34. What is the torque of force F  2iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ acting

inertia of the wheel about its axis is : at a point r  3iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ about the origin?
(a) 6iˆ  6 ˆj  12kˆ (b) 6iˆ  6 ˆj  12kˆ
(c) 17iˆ  6 ˆj  13kˆ (d) 17iˆ  6 ˆj  13kˆ
35. A cubical block of mass M and edge a slides down a
rough inclined plane of inclination  with a uniform
velocity. The torque of the normal force on the block
 m 2
(a)  M   R (b) (M + m) R2 about its centre has a magnitude:
 4 (a) zero (b) Mga
M m 2 Mga sin 
(c) (M + 3m) R2 (d)  R (c) Mga sin  (d)
 2  2
31. Four identical rods are joined end to end to form a 36. A T- shaped object with dimensions shown in the

square. The mass of each rod is M. The moment of figure, is lying on a smooth floor. A force F is
inertia of the square about the median line is: [length applied at the point P parallel to AB, such that the
of each rod is L] object has only the translational motion without
ML2 ML2 rotation. Find the location of P with respect to C:
(a) (b)
3 4
ML2 2ML2
(c) (d)
6 3
Torque
32. When a steady torque or couple acts on a body, the
body:
(a) continues in a state of rest or of uniform motion 4l
by Newton’s 1st law (a) (b) l
3
(b) gets linear acceleration by Newton’s 2nd law 2l 3l
(c) gets an angular acceleration (c) (d)
3 2
(d) continues to rotate at a steady rate.
37. An equilateral prism of mass m rests on a rough

horizontal surface with coefficient of friction  . A
horizontal force F is applied on the prism as shown
in the figure. If the coefficient of friction is
sufficiently high so that the prism does not slide
before toppling, then the minimum force required to
topple the prism is:
(a) 0 m/s2 (b) 5 m/s2

2
(c) 10 m/s (d) 2.5 m/s2
42. Figure shows a uniform rod of length l and mass M
mg mg which is pivoted at end A such that it can rotate in a
(a) (b)
3 4 vertical plane. The free end of the rod ‘B’ is initially
 mg  mg vertically above the pivot and then released. As the
(c) (d)
3 4 rod rotates about A, its angular acceleration when it
38. A flywheel of mass 50 kg and radius of gyration is inclined to horizontal at angle  is
about its axis of rotation of 0.5m is acted upon by a
constant torque of 12.5 Nm. Its angular velocity at t
= 5 sec is:
(a) 2.5 rad/sec (b) 5 rad/sec
(c) 7.5 rad/sec (d) 10 rad/sec
39. A uniform metre stick of mass M is hinged at one
end and supported in a horizontal direction by a
string attached to the other end. What should be the
initial angular acceleration (in rad/sec2) of the stick if
the string is cut? 3g g
(a) cos  (b) tan 
3 2 
(a) g (b) g
2 5g g
(c) 3g (d) 4g (c) sin  (d) sin 
4 
40. A thin hollow cylinder is free to rotate about its 43. A constant torque acting on a uniform circular wheel
geometrical axis. It has a mass of 8 kg and a radius
changes its angular momentum from A0 to 4A0 in 4
of 20 cm. A rope is wrapped around the cylinder.
seconds. The magnitude of this torque is :
What force must be exerted along the rope to
produce an angular acceleration of 3 rad/sec2? 3 A0
(a) (b) A0
(a) 8.4 N (b) 5.8 N 4
(c) 4.8 N (d) None of these (c) 4A0 (d) 12A0

41. In the pulley system shown, if radii of the bigger and 44. A particle moves in a force field given by: F  rF ˆ ,
smaller pulley are 2 m and 1 m respectively and the where r̂ is a unit vector along the position vector r̂ ,
acceleration of block A is 5 m/s2 in the downward then which is true?
direction, then the acceleration of block B will be: (a) The torque acting on the particle is not zero
(b) The torque acting on the particle produces an
angular acceleration in it
(c) The angular momentum of the particle is
conserved
(d) The angular momentum of the particle increases
Rotational Kinetic Energy 6g 6g 

(a) sin  (b) sin
45. Figure shows a uniform rod of length l and mass M L L 2
which is pivoted at end A such that it can rotate in a 6g  6g
(c) cos (d) cos 
vertical plane. The free end of the rod ‘B’ is initially L 2 L
vertically above the pivot and then released. As the
Angular Momentum
rod rotates about A,
48. A particle of mass m is projected with a velocity v
making an angle of 45° with the horizontal. The
magnitude of angular momentum of the projectile
about an axis of projection when the particle is at
maximum height h is :
mv 3
(a) zero (b)
4 2g
The end B of the rod will hit the ground with a linear 2
mv
speed: (c) (d) m 2 gh 3
2g
(a) 2 g (b) 5 g
49. A particle of mass m = 5 units is moving with a
2g uniform speed v  3 2 m / s in the X–Y plane along
(c) 3 g (d)
 the line y = x + 4. When the particle crosses y-axis
46. A uniform rod of mass M and length L lies radially The magnitude of the angular momentum of the
on a disc rotating with angular speed w in a particle about the origin is :
horizontal plane about its axis. The rod does not slip (a) zero (b) 60 unit
on the disc and the centre of the rod is at a distance R
(c) 7.5 unit (d) 40 2 unit
from the centre of the disc. Then the kinetic energy
50. A particle is moving along a straight line parallel to
of the rod is:
x–axis with constant velocity. Its angular momentum
about the origin :
(a) decreases with time (b) increases with time
(c) remains constant (d) is zero
51. If a particle moves in the X – Y plane, the resultant
angular momentum has:
(a) only x– component (b) only y– component
1  L2  1 (c) both x & y component (d) only z–component
(a) M  2  R2   (b) M  2 R2 52. A rigid body rotates with an angular momentum L. If
2  12  2
its rotational kinetic energy is made 4 times, its
1 angular momentum will become:
(c) M  2 L2 (d) none of these
24 (a) 4 L (b) 16 L
(c) 2L (d) 2 L
47. A uniform rod of length L is free to rotate in a

vertical plane about a fixed horizontal axis through 53. The position of a particle is given by r  iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ :
B. The rod begins rotating from rest from its unstable and its linear momentum is given by:
equilibrium position. When it has turned through an 
p  3iˆ  4 ˆj  2kˆ . Then its angular momentum, about
angle  its average angular velocity  is given as:
the origin is perpendicular to:
(a) yz plane (b) z– axis
(c) y– axis (d) x– axis
1 (b) It is directly proportional to the square root of

54. If the radius of earth contracts th of its present-
n radius
day value, the length of the day will be (c) It does not depend upon radius
approximately: (d) It is directly proportional to the radius
24 24 60. A disc of radius r rolls on a horizontal ground with
(a) h (b) 2 h linear acceleration a and angular acceleration  as
n n
shown in figure. The magnitude of acceleration of
(c) 24n h (d) 24n2 h
point P shown in figure at an instant when its linear
55. A disc of moment of inertia I1 is rotating freely with
velocity is v and angular velocity is  will be:
angular velocity w1 when a second, non-rotating disc
with moment of inertia I2 is dropped on it gently.
The two then rotate as a unit. Then the total angular
speed is :
I I
(a) 1 1 (b) 2 1
I2 I1
I11  I1  I 2  1
(c) (d)
I 2  I1 I2 ar
(a) ( a  r ) 2  ( r  2 ) 2 (b)
56. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius R is R
rotating about its axis with a constant angular (c) r 2 2  r 2 4 (d) r
velocity w. Two objects, each of mass m, are 61. A string of negligible thickness is wrapped several
attached gently to the opposite ends of a diameter of times around a cylinder kept on a rough horizontal
the ring. The ring rotates now with an angular surface. A man standing at a distance from the
velocity: cylinder holds one end of the string and pulls the
M   M  2m  cylinder towards him. There is no slipping anywhere.
(a) (b)
M m M  2m The ratio of length of the string passed through the
M   M  m hand of the man to the distance moved by centre of
(c) (d) mass of cylinder is:
M  2m M
57. If a gymnast, sitting on a rotating stool with his arms
outstretched, suddenly lowers his arms :
(a) the angular velocity increases
(b) his moment of inertia increases
(c) the angular velocity remains same (a) 1 (b) 2
(d) the angular momentum increases (c) 3 (d) 4
58. A thin uniform circular disc of mass M and radius R 62. A solid sphere of mass M and radius R is placed on a
is rotating in a horizontal plane about an axis passing rough horizontal surface. It is pulled by a horizontal
through its centre and perpendicular to the plane with force F acting through its centre of mass as a result
angular velocity w. Another disc of same mass but
of which it begins to roll without slipping. Angular
half the radius is gently placed over it coaxially. The
angular speed of the composite disc will be: acceleration of the sphere can be expressed as:
5 4 3F 5F
(a)  (b)  (a) (b)
4 5 4MR 7 MR
2 5 7F 5F
(c)  (d)  (c) (d)
5 2 11MR 2MR
63. A sphere cannot roll on:
Combined Translational and Rotational Motion
(a) a smooth horizontal surface
59. A body is rolling down an inclined plane without (b) a rough horizontal surface
slipping. How does the acceleration of the rolling (c) a smooth inclined surface
body depend on its radius? (d) a rough inclined surface
(a) It is inversely proportional to the square root of
radius
64. A hoop rolls on a horizontal ground without slipping losses are negligible, the value of height h above the
with linear speed v. Speed of a particle P on the ground where the ball stops is:
circumference of the hoop at angle  is: (a) 14.3 m (b) 28.6 m
(c) 57.2 m (d) 9.8 m
71. A solid sphere is rolling on a frictionless surface,
shown in figure with a translational velocity v m/s. If
it is to climb the inclined surface then v should be:

(a) 2 v sin (b) v sin 
2
10
 (a)  gh (b)  2 gh
(c) 2 v cos (d) v cos  7
2
65. A sphere of mass m rolls without slipping on an 10
(c) 2gh (d) gh
inclined plane of inclination . The linear 7
acceleration of the sphere is: 72. A disc is rolling on an inclined plane. What is the
1 2 ratio of its rotational K.E. to the total K. E.?
(a) g sin  (b) g sin 
7 7 (a) 1:3 (b) 3:1
3 5 (c) 1:2 (d) 2:1
(c) g sin  (d) g sin 
7 7 73. A spherical ball of mass 20 kg is stationary at the top
66. A sphere of mass m rolls without slipping on an of a hill of height 100 m. It goes down a smooth
inclined plane of inclination . The force of friction surface to the ground, then climbs up another hill of
on the sphere is: height 30 m and finally goes down to a horizontal
1 2 base at a height of 20 m above the ground. The
(a) Mg sin  (b) Mg sin 
7 7 velocity attained by the ball is :
3 5 (a) 40 m/s (b) 20 m/s
(c) Mg sin  (d) Mg sin 
7 7 (c) 10 m/s (d) 10 30 m/s
67. A sphere of mass m rolls without slipping on an 74. Figure shows a hemisphere of radius 4R. A ball of
inclined plane of inclination . the minimum value of radius R is released from position P. It rolls without
coefficient of friction so that sphere may roll without slipping along the inner surface of the hemisphere.
slipping is: Linear speed of its centre of mass when the ball is at
2 2 position Q is:
(a) sin  (b) cos 
7 7
2 2
(c) tan  (d) cot 
7 7
68. A hoop rolls without slipping down an 30o incline of
slope 30°. Linear acceleration of its centre of mass is
g g
(a) (b)
2 3 30 gR 24 gR
(a) (b)
g g 7 5
(c) (d)
4 6 40 gR
(c) (d) 6 gR
69. A 6 kg ball starts from rest and rolls down a rough 9
gradual slope until it reaches a point 80 cm lower 75. If a spherical ball rolls on a table without slipping,
than its starting point. Then the speed of the ball is: the fraction of its total energy associated with
(a) 1.95 ms-1 (b) 2.5 ms-1 rotation is
(c) 3.35 ms -1
(d) 4.8 ms-1 3 2
(a) (b)
70. A uniform solid sphere rolls on a horizonal surface at 5 7
20 ms-1. It then rolls up an incline having an angle of 2 3
(c) (d)
inclination at 30° with the horizontal. If the friction 5 7

5. A cord is wound around the circumference of wheel
1. Moment of inertia (M.I.) of four bodies, having same of radius r . The axis of the wheel is horizontal and
mass and radius, are reported as; the moment of inertia about it is I . A weight mg is
I1  M.I. of thin circular ring about its diameter, attached to the cord at the end. The weight falls from
I 2  M.I. of circular disc about an axis perpendicular rest. After falling through a distance ‘ h ’, the square
to disc and going through the centre, of angular velocity of wheel will be (2021)
I 3  M.I. of solid cylinder about its axis and 2mgh 2 gh
(a) (b)
I  2 mr 2 I  mr 2
I 4  M.I. of solid sphere about its diameter.
Then: (2021) 2mgh
(c) 2gh (d)
I  mr 2
5
(a) I1  I 3  I 2  I 4 (b) I1 I 2  I 3  I4 6. Four equal masses, m each are placed at the corners
2
(c) I1  I 2  I 3  I 4 (d) I1  I 2  I 3  I 4 of a square of length ( l ) as shown in the figure. The
moment of inertia of the system about an axis passing
2. Consider two satellites S1 and S 2 with periods of
through A and parallel to DB would be: (2021)
revolution 1hr. and 8hr. respectively revolving around
a planet in circular orbits. The ratio of angular
velocity of satellite S1 to the angular velocity of
satellite S 2 is (2021)
(a) 1:8 (b) 2:1
(c) 1:4 (d) 8:1
3. A sphere of radius ‘a’ and mass ‘m’ rolls along a
horizontal plane with constant speed v0 . It
encounters an inclined plane at angle  and climbs (b) 2ml 2
(a) 3ml 2
upward. Assuming that it rolls without slipping, how
far along the incline sphere will travel? (2021) (c) 3ml 2 (d) ml 2

7. A triangle plate is shown F  4iˆ  3 ˆj is applied at
point P. The torque of the force with respect to point
‘O’ and ‘Q’ are: (2021)
5v02 7v02
(a) (b)
g sin  10 g sin 
5 v02 2v02
(c) (d)
2 g sin  g sin 
4. Four identical solid spheres each of mass 'm' and
radius 'a' are placed with their centres on the four   
(a) 15  20 3 kˆ, 15  20 3 kˆ 
corners of a square of side 'b'. The moment of inertia
of the system about one side of square where the axis (b)  15  20 3  kˆ,  15  20 3  kˆ
of rotation is parallel to the plane of the square is
(c)  15  20 3  kˆ, 15  20 3  kˆ
(2021)
4 8 (d)  15  20 3  kˆ, 15  20 3  kˆ
(a) ma 2  2 mb 2 (b) ma 2  mb 2
5 5
8 4
(c) ma 2  2 mb 2 (d) ma 2
5 5
8. A mass M hangs on a massless rod of length l which 10. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius r is rotating
rotates at a constant angular frequency. The mass M about its axis with an angular speed  . Two particles
moves with steady speed in a circular path of constant having mass m each are now attached at diametrically
radius. Assume that the system is in steady circular opposite points. The angular speed of the ring will
motion with constant angular velocity  . The become: (2021)
angular momentum of M about point A is LA which  M  2m   M 
(a)   (b)  
lies in the positive z direction and the angular  M   M  2m 
momentum of M about B is LB . The correct  M   M  2m 
(c)   (d)  
statement for this system is: M  m  M  2m 
(2021) 11. Consider a uniform wire of mass M and length L. It is
bent into a semicircle. Its moment of inertia about a
line perpendicular to the plane of the wire passing
through the centre is: (2021)
ML2 1 ML2
(a) 2
(b)
 2 2
1 ML2 2 ML2
(c) 2
(d)
4  5 2
12. A solid cylinder of mass m is wrapped with an
inextensible light string and, is placed on a rough
inclined plane as shown in the figure. The frictional
(a) LA and LB are both constant in magnitude and force acting between the cylinder and the inclined
direction plane is, if the coefficient of static friction is
(b) LB is constant in direction with varying  s  0.4 : (2021)
magnitude
(c) LB is constant, both in magnitude and direction
(d) LA is constant, both in magnitude and direction
9. A sphere of mass 2 kg and radius 0.5 m is rolling
with an initial speed of 1 m / s goes up an inclined
plane which makes an angle of 30 with the

horizontal plane, without slipping. How long will the (Take the coefficient of kinetic friction and
sphere take to return to the starting point A? (Take coefficient of static friction are equal)
2
g  10 ms ) (a) 0 (b) 5mg
(2021) mg 7
(c) (d) mg
5 2
13. A uniform thin bar of mass 6 kg and length 2.4 m is
bent to make an equilateral hexagon. The moment of
(a) 0.60 s (b) 0.52 s inertia about an axis passing through the centre of
(c) 0.56 s (d) 0.80 s mass and perpendicular to the plane of hexagon is …
101 kgm2 . (2021)
14. Consider a 20 kg uniform circular disk of radius 0.2

m. It is pin supported at its centre and is at rest
initially. The disk is acted upon by a constant force
F = 20N through a massless string wrapped around its
periphery as shown in the figure.

17. A force F  4iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ is applied on an
intersection point of x = 2 plane and x-axis. The
magnitude of torque of this force about a point (2, 3,
4) is ____. (Round off to the Nearest Integer) (2021)
18. The angular speed of truck wheel is increased from
Suppose the disk makes n number of revolutions to 900 rpm to 2460 rpm in 26 seconds. The number of
attain an angular speed of 50 rad s 1 . revolutions by the truck engine during this time is
The value of n, to the nearest integer, is ………
___________. (Assuming the acceleration to be uniform).
[Given: In one complete revolution, the disk rotates (2021)
by 6.28 rad) (2021) 19. The following bodies,
15. Consider a frame that is made up of two thin massless (1) a ring
rods AB and AC as shown in the figure. A vertical (2) a disc
 (3) a solid cylinder
force P of magnitude 100 N is applied at point A of
(4) a solid sphere,
the frame.
of same mass ' m ' and radius ‘ R ’ are allowed to roll
down without slipping simultaneously from the top of
the inclined plane. The body which will reach first at
the bottom of the inclined plane is ……… [Mark the
body as per their respective numbering given in the
question] (2021)

Suppose the force is P resolved parallel to the arms
AB and AC of the frame.
The magnitude of the resolved component along the
arm AC is xN. 20. A uniform disc with mass M=4 kg and radius R=10
The value of x, to the nearest integer, is cm is mounted on a fixed horizontal axle as shown in
___________. figure. A block with mass m=2 kg hangs from a
[Given: sin  35   0.573, cos  35   0.819 massless cord that is wrapped around the rim of the
disc. During the fall of the Nock, the cord does not slip
sin 110   0.939, cos 110   0.342 ] (2021)
and there is no friction at the aide. The tension in the
16. A solid disc of radius ' a ' and mass ‘ m ’ rolls down cord is N. (Take g = 10 ms–2) (JEE Main 2022)
without slipping on an inclined plane making an
angle  with the horizontal. The acceleration of the
2
disc will be g sin  where b is _____. (Round off
b
to the Nearest Integer) (g = acceleration due to
gravity; and  = angle as shown in figure)
(2021)
21. A rolling wheel of 12 kg is on an inclined plane at 27. A pulley of radius 1.5 m is rotated about its axis by a
position P and connected to a mass of 3kg through a force F = (12t – 3t2)N applied tangentially (while t is
string of fixed length and pulley as shown in figure. measured in seconds). If moment of inertia of the
pulley about its axis of rotation is 4.5 kg m2, the
Consider PR as friction free surface.
number of rotations made by the pulley before its
The velocity of centre of mass of the wheel when it
K
reaches at the bottom Q of the inclined plane PQ will direction of motion is reversed, will be . The value

1 of K is ____. (JEE Main 2022)
be xgh m/s. The value of x is _________
2 28. A solid cylinder length is suspended symmetrically
(JEE Main 2022) through two massless strings, as shown in the figure.
The distance from the initial rest position, the cylinder
should by unbinding the strings to achieve a speed of 4
ms–1, is…….cm. (take g = 10 ms–2)
(JEE Main 2022)
22. Momentum of inertia (M.I) of four bodies having same

mass ‘M’ and radius ‘R’ as follows:
(JEE Main 2022) 29. Four identical discs each of mass ‘M’ and diameter ‘a’
I1 = M.I. of solid sphere about its diameter are arranged in a small plane as shown in figure. If the
I2 = M.I of solid cylinder about its axis x
moment of inertia of the system about OO' is Ma 2 .
I3 = M.I of solid circular disc about its diameter 4
I4 = M.I of thin circular ring about its diameter Then, the value of x will be _____.
(JEE Main 2022)
If 2(I2 + I3) + I4 = x. I1 then the value of x will be
23. A meter scale is balanced on a knife edge at its centre.
When two coins, each of mass 10 g are put one on the
top of the other at the 10.0 cm mark the scale is found
to be balanced at 40.0 cm mark. The mass of the metre
scale is found to be x  102 kg. The value of x is ___ .
(JEE Main 2022)
24. The moment of inertia of a uniform thin rod about a
perpendicular axis passing through one end is I1. The 30. Match List I with List II
same rod is bent into a ring and its moment of inertia List I List II
2
I1 x
about a diameter is I2. If is , then the value of A. Moment of inertia of solid sphere of 5
I2 3 I. MR 2
radius R about any tangent 3
x will be ____ . (JEE Main 2022)
25. A disc of mass 1 kg and radius R is free of rotate about B. Moment of inertia of hollow sphere 7
a horizontal axis passing through its centre and II. MR 2
of radius (R) about any tangent. 5
perpendicular to the plane of disc. A body of same
mass as that of disc is fixed at the highest point of the C. Moment of inertia of circular ring of 1
disc. Now the system is released, when the body III. MR 2
radius (R) about its diameter 4
comes to the lowest position, its angular speed will be
D. Moment of inertia of circular disc of 1
4
x
rad s–1 where x = ____ . (g = 10 ms–2) IV. MR 2
radius (R) about any diameter 2
3R
(JEE Main 2022) Choose the correct answer from the options given
26. The radius of gyration of a cylindrical rod about an below: (JEE Main 2022)
axis of rotation perpendicular to its length and passing (a) A  II, B  I, C  IV, D  III
through the center will be ______. Given, the length of
(b) A  I, B  II, C  IV, D  III
the rod is 10 3 m. (JEE Main 2022) (c) A  II, B  I, C  III, D  IV
(d) A  I, B  II, C  III, D  IV
31. A 34 m long ladder weighting 10 kg leans on a 36. The torque of a force 5iˆ  3 ˆj  7 kˆ about the origin is
frictionless wall. Its feet rest on the floor 3m away  . If the force acts on a particle whose position vector
from the wall as shown in the figure. If F f and Fw is 2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ, then the value of  will be
are the reaction forces of the floor and the wall< then (JEE Main 2022)
F (a) 11iˆ  19 ˆj  4 kˆ (b) 11iˆ  9 ˆj  16 kˆ
ratio of w will be (JEE Main 2022)
Ff
(c) 17iˆ  19 ˆj  4 kˆ (d) 17iˆ  9 ˆj  16kˆ
37. A solid cylinder and a solid sphere, having same mass
M and radius R, roll down the same inclined plane
from top without slipping. They start from rest. The
ratio of velocity of the solid cylinder to that of the
solid sphere, with which they reach the ground, will
be: (JEE Main 2022)
6 3
(a) (b) 5 4
110 113 (a) (b)
3 5
3 2
(c) (d)
109 109 3 14
(c) (d)
32. A solid spherical ball is rolling on a frictionless 5 15
horizontal plane surface about its axis of symmetry. 38. A car is moving with a constant speed of 20 m/s in a
The ratio of rotational kinetic energy of the ball to its
circular horizontal track of radius 40 m. A bob is
total kinetic energy is - (JEE Main 2022)
(a) 2/5 (b) 2/7 suspended from the roof of the car by a massless
(c) 1/5 (d) 7/10 string. The angle made by the string with the vertical
33. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius R is rotating
with a constant angular velocity 2 rads–1 in a horizontal will be : (Take g  10m / s 2 ) (JEE Main 2023)
plane about an axis vertical to its plane and passing  
through the center of the ring. If two objects each of (a) (b)
6 2
mass m be attached gently to the opposite ends of a
diameter of ring, the ring will then rotate with an  
(c) (d)
angular velocity (in rads–1) (JEE Main 2022) 4 3
M  M  2m  39. A disc is rolling without slipping on a surface. The
(a) (b)
 M  m 2M radius of the disc is R. At t = 0, the top most point on
2M 2  M  2m  the disc is A as shown in figure. When the disc
(c) (d)
  2m 
M M
completes half of its rotation, the displacement of

34. If force F  3iˆ  4 ˆj  2kˆ acts on a particle having point A from its initial position is (JEE Main 2023)
position vector 2iˆ  ˆj  2 kˆ then, the torque about the
origin will be: (JEE Main 2022)
(a) 3iˆ  4 ˆj  2kˆ (b) 10iˆ  10 ˆj  5kˆ
(c) 10iˆ  5 ˆj  10 kˆ (d) 10iˆ  ˆj  5kˆ
35. A torque meter is calibrated to reference standards of
mass, length and time each with 5% accuracy. After (a) R  2
 1 (b) 2R
calibration, the measured torque with this torque meter
will have net accuracy of : (JEE Main 2022) (c) 2 R 1  4  2
(d) R  2
 4
(a) 15% (b) 25%
(c) 75% (d) 5%
40. Solid sphere A is rotating about an axis PQ. If the 44. A thin uniform rod of length 2m. cross sectional area '
radius of the sphere is 5 cm then its radius of gyration A' and density 'd' is rotated about an axis passing
about PQ will be x cm. The value of x is ______ . through the centre and perpendicular to its length with
(JEE Main 2023) angular velocity  . If value of  in terms of its
E
rotational kinetic energy E is then the value of
Ad
 is ____ (JEE Main 2023)
45. A uniform disc of mass 0.5 kg and radius r is projected
with velocity 18 m/s at t = 0 s on a rough horizontal
surface. It starts off with a purely sliding motion at t =
0 s. After 2s it acquires a purely rolling motion (see
figure). The total kinetic energy of the disc after 2s
41. A uniform solid cylinder with radius R and length L will be ________ J
has moment of inertia I1, about the axis of cylinder. A (given, coefficient of friction is 0.3 and g = 10 m/s2).
(JEE Main 2023)
R
concentric solid cylinder of radius R  and length
2
L
L  is caned out of the original cylinder. If I2 is the
2
moment of inertia of the carved out portion of the
I1
cylinder then  ____ . (JEE Main 2023) 46. Two discs of same mass and different radii are made
I2
of different materials such that their thickness are 1cm
(Both I1 and I2 are about the axis of the cylinder) and 0.5 cm respectively. The densities of materials are
42. If a solid sphere of mass 5 kg and a disc of mass 4 kg in the ratio 3 : 5. The moment of inertia of these discs
respectively about their diameters will be in the ratio
have the same radius. Then the ratio of moment of
x
of . The value of x is (JEE Main 2023)
inertia of the disc about a tangent in its plane to the 6
moment of inertia of the sphere about its tangent will 47. A solid cylinder is released from rest from the top of
an inclined plane of inclination 30 and length 60 cm.
x
be . The value of x is ______. (JEE Main 2023) If the cylinder rolls without slipping, its speed upon
7
reaching the bottom of the inclined plane is ______
43. A particle of mass 100g is projected at time t = 0 with ms 1 . (Given g  10 ms 2 ) (JEE Main 2023)
a speed 20ms 1 at an angle 45 to the horizontal as
given in the figure. The magnitude of the angular
momentum of the particle about the starting point at
time t =2s is found to be Kkgm2 / s . The value of K

is (JEE Main 2023)
48. Moment of inertia of a dies of mass M and radius 'R'
MR 2
about any of its diameter is . The moment of
4
inertia of this disc about an axis normal to the disc and
x 2
passing through a point on its edge will be, M . The
2
value of x is (JEE Main 2023)
49. Two identical solid spheres each of mass 2 kg and 55. For a rolling spherical shell, the ratio of rotational
radii 10 cm are fixed at the ends of a light rod. The x
kinetic energy and total kinetic energy is . The value
separation between the centres of the spheres is 40 cm. 5
The moment of inertia of the system about an axis of x is ________ (JEE Main 2023)
perpendicular to the rod passing through its middle 56. A solid sphere and a solid cylinder of same mass and
point is ______ × 10–3 kg-m2 (JEE Main 2023) radius are rolling on a horizontal surface without
50. A ring and a solid sphere rotating about an axis slipping. The ratio of their radius of gyrations
passing through their centers have same radii of
gyration. The axis of rotation is perpendicular to plane
respectively k sph : kcyl  is 2 : x . The value of x is
of ring. The ratio of radius of ring to that of sphere is ___________ (JEE Main 2023)
57. A solid sphere is rolling on a horizontal plane without
2
. The value of x is _______. (JEE Main 2023) slipping. If the ratio of angular momentum about axis
x
of rotation of the sphere to the total energy of moving
51. The moment of inertia of a semicircular ring about an sphere is π : 22 then, the value of its angular speed will
axis, passing through the center and perpendicular to be _________ rad/s. (JEE Main 2023)
1 58. A light rope is wound around a hollow cylinder of
the plane of ring, is MR 2 , where R is the radius and
x mass 5kg and radius 70 cm. The rope is pulled with a
M is the mass of the semicircular ring. The value of x force 52.5 N. The angular acceleration of the cylinder
will be _______. (JEE Main 2023) will be _________ rad s–2. (JEE Main 2023)
52. ˆ
A force of  Pk acts on the origin of the coordinate
system. The torque about the point (2, –3) is
a x
 
P aiˆ  bjˆ , The ratio of
b
is . The value of x is –
2
(JEE Main 2023)
53. A solid sphere of mass 500 g and radius 5 cm is
rotated about one of its diameter with angular speed of
10 rad s–1. If the moment of inertia of the sphere about
its tangent is x×10–2 times its angular momentum
about the diameter. Then the value of x will be
________ (JEE Main 2023)
54. A circular plate is rotating in horizontal plane, about
an axis passing through its center and perpendicular to
the plate, with an angular velocity ω. A person sits at
the center having two dumbbells in his hands. When
he stretches out his hands, the moment of inertia of the
system becomes triple. If E be the initial Kinetic
energy of the system, then final Kinetic energy will be
E
. The value of x is (JEE Main 2023)
x

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option]
1. A uniform solid cylinder has a radius R and length L.
If the moment of inertia of this cylinder about an axis
passing through its centre and normal to its circular
face is equal to the moment of inertia of the same
cylinder about an axis passing through its centre and
normal to its length, then
(a) L = R (b) L  3 R 2 2
(a) ML2 (b) 2ML
3
(c) L  R / 3 (d) L = 0
8
(c) 3ML2 (d) ML2
2. A cricket mat of mass 50 kg is rolled loosely in the 3
form of a cylinder of radius 2m. Now again it is rolled
6. A thin rod of length 4l and mass 4M is bent at the
tightly so that the radius becomes 3/4th of original
point as shown in the figure. What is the moment of
value; then the ratio of moment of inertia of mat about
inertia of the rod about the axis passing through point
its axis in the two cases is:
O and perpendicular to the plane of the paper?
(a) 1:3 (b) 4:3
(c) 3:5 (d) 16:9
3. A circular disc is to be made using iron and
aluminium. To keep its moment of inertia maximum
about a geometrical axis, it should be so prepared that: M 2 10M  2
(a) (b)
(a) aluminium at interior and iron surrounds it 3 3
(b) iron at interior and aluminium surrounds it M 2 M 2
(c) (d)
(c) aluminium and iron layers in alternate order 12 24
(d) sheet of iron is used at both external surface and 7. Consider a uniform square plate of side a and mass m.
aluminium sheet as inner material The moment of inertia of this plate about an axis
perpendicular to its plane and passing through one of
4 Three identical rods, each of mass m and length l, form its corners is
an equilateral triangle. Moment of inertia about one of
the sides is 2 5
(a) ma 2 (b) ma 2
3 6
1 7
(c) ma 2 (d) ma 2
12 12
8. From a circular disc of radius R and mass 9M, a small
disc of radius R/3 is removed from the disc. The
m 2 2 moment of inertia of the remaining disc about an axis
(a) (b) ml
4 perpendicular to the plane of the disc and passing
through O is:
3m 2 m 2
(c) (d)
4 2
5. The moment of inertia of a system of four rods
forming a square each of length L and mass M, about
the axis shown is [axis is perpendicular to the plane of
the rod]
12. A solid sphere of radius R has moment of inertia I

about its geometrical axis. It is melted into a disc of
radius r and thickness t. If its moment of inertia about
the tangential axis (which is perpendicular to plane of
the disc), is also equal to I, then the value of r is equal
to:
40
(a) 4 MR2 (b) MR2
9
37 2 2
(c) 10 MR2 (d) MR2 (a) R (b) R
9 15 5
9. The moment of inertia of a hollow cylinder of mass M, 3 3
radius R and Length L about its axis is: (c) R (d) R
15 15
(a) MR2 (b) ML2
13. Let I be the moment of inertia of a uniform square
2 2
MR MR plate about an axis AB that passes through its centre
(c) (d)
L 2 and is parallel to two of its sides. CD is a line in the
plane of the plate that passes through the centre of the
10. Two thin discs, each of mass M and radius r, are
plate and makes an angle q with AB. The moment of
attached as shown in the figure, to form a rigid body.
inertia of the plate about the axis CD is then equal to:
The rotational inertia of this body about an axis
perpendicular to the plane of disc B and passing (a) I (b) I sin2 
through its centre is:
(c) I cos2  (d) I cos2 (  /2)
14. A stone of mass m tied to a string of length l is rotating
along a circular path with constant speed v. The torque
on the stone is:
mv
(a) mvl (b)
l
(a) 2Mr
2
(b) 3Mr
2 mv2
(c) (d) zero
l
2 2
(c) 4Mr (d) 5Mr
15. A body is under the action of two equal and oppositely
11. A uniform rod of mass m is bent into the form of a directed forces and the body is rotating with constant
semicircle of radius R. The moment of inertia of the acceleration. Which of the following cannot be the
rod about an axis passing through A and perpendicular separation between the lines of action of the forces?
to the plane of the paper is:
(a) 1m (b) 0.4 m
(c) 0.25 m (d) zero
16. A uniform ladder of mass 10 kg leans against a smooth
vertical wall making an angle of 53° with it. The other
end rest on a rough horizontal floor. The normal force
2
(a) mR 2 (b) mR2 and frictional force that the floor exerts on the ladder
3
are respectively
5 (a) 98 N, 65 N (b) 98 N, 0
(c) mR 2 (d) 2mR2
 (c) 0, 65 N (d) 65 N, 98 N
17. A uniform beam of length L whose mass ‘m’ is 1.8 kg

rests with its ends on two digital scales, as in figure. A
uniform block whose mass M is 2.7 kg rests on the
beam, its centre is at a distance L/4 from the beam’s
left end. What do the scales read?
a 
(a) Mg (b) Mg
 a
a 
(c) Mg (d) Mg
a a
(a) 29 N on right scale and 15 N on left scale 21. A motor car is travelling at 60 m/s on a circular road of
radius 1200 m. It is increasing its speed at the rate of 4
(b) 15 N on right scale and 29 N on left scale
m/s2. The acceleration of the car is:
(c) 10 N on right scale and 20 N on left scale
(a) 3m/s2 (b) 4 m/s2
(d) 2.25 N on right scale and 7 N on left scale
(c) 5 m/s2 (d) 7 m/s2
18. O is the centre of an equilateral triangle ABC. F1, F2
and F3 are three forces acting along the sides AB, BC 22. A particle moves in a circle of radius 25 cm at two
and AC as shown in the adjoining diagram. What revolutions per sec. The acceleration of the particle in
should be the magnitude of F3 so that the total torque m/s2 is:
about O is zero? (a) 2 (b) 8 2
(c) 4 2 (d) 2 2
23. The maximum possible velocity of the bob at the
lowest position of a simple pendulum of length L to
oscillate is
(a) 5 gL (b) 3 gL
F1  F2 (c) 2 gL (d) gL
(a) (b) 2 (F1 + F2)
2
(c) (F1 + F2) (d) (F1 – F2)
24. A pendulum of mass m is oscillating in a vertical circle
with angular amplitude of 90°. The acceleration of the
19. A solid cube of side 1 m is just tilted by a horizontal bob at ‘B’ is
force of 10 N. The weight of cube is
(a) 5 N (b) 10 N
(c) 15 N (d) 20 N (a) g (b) zero
20. A horizontal bar of length l and negligible mass is (c) greater than g
supported at its two ends. A mass M is hung from the
(d) less than g but not zero
bar at a distance ‘a’ from the left end, as shown. What
is the magnitude of the force that the support on the
right applies to the bar?
25. Two racing cars of mass m1 and m2 are moving in 31. For a particle in uniform circular motion, the

circles of radii r1 and r2 respectively; their speeds are acceleration a at a point P ( R, ) on the circle of
such that they each make a complete circle in the same radius R is
length of time t. The ratio of the angular speed of the
v2 ˆ v2 ˆ v2 ˆ v2 ˆ
first to the second car is: (a) i j (b) i j
R R R R
(a) m1 : m2 (b) r1 : r2
v2 v2
(c) 1:1 (d) none (c)  sin  iˆ  cos  ˆj (d)
R R
26. For a particle of a rotating rigid body moving with v2 v2
 cos  iˆ  sin  ˆj
constant angular velocity  & v = rw So: R R
(a)   1 / r  (b) ω  v 32. Two particles A and B are situated at a distance
d = 2m apart. Particle A has a velocity of 10 m/s at an
(c) v  r (d) none of these angle of 60º and particle B has a velocity v at an angle
27. A planet P revolves around the Sun in a circular orbit, 30º as shown in figure. The distance d between A and
with the sun at the centre, which is coplanar with and B is constant. The angular velocity of B with respect to
concentric to the circular orbit of Earth E around the A is:
Sun. P and E revolve in the same direction. The time
required for the revolution of P and E around the sun
are 3 year and 1 year respectively. The time required
for P to make one revolution around the sun relative to
E is
(a) 1.5 year (b) 3 year
5
(c) 10 year (d) 1 year (a) 5 3 rad/sec (b) rad/sec
3
28. A toy car travels in horizontal circle of radius 2a, kept
10
on the track by a radial elastic string. Its period is T. (c) 10 3 rad/sec (d) rad/sec
3
The length of the unstretched string is found to be a.
When the car is speeded up, the string stretches until 33. Two particles A and B are moving as shown in figure.
the car is moving in a circle of radius 3a. Assuming At this moment of time, the angular speed of A with
that the string obeys Hooke’s’ law, the period of respect to B is:
revolution is
(a) T(3/4) (b) T 3 / 4
(c) T 4 / 3 (d) T
29. A circular disc of Moment of inertia 0.5 kg m2 and
(a)
 va  vb 
radius 0.2 m has a weightless string passing around its
r
rim. The string is pulled down by a force F and it
acquires an angular speed of 5 revolution per second in (b)
 va  vb 
5 sec. The force F is r
(a) 5 N (b) 4 N (c)
 vb sin  2  va sin 1  in anticlockwise direction
r
(c) 2.5 N (d) 2 N
(d)
 vb sin  2  va sin 1  in anticlockwise direction
30. A mass of 2 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle by
r
means of a string at an initial speed of 5 rpm. Keeping
the radius constant, the tension in the string is doubled. 34. A wheel initially at rest, is rotated with a uniform
The new speed is nearly. angular acceleration. The wheel rotates through an
angle q1 in first one second and through an additional
(a) 14 rpm (b) 10 rpm
angle q2 in the next one second. The ratio q2/q1 is:
(c) 2 rpm (d) 7 rpm (a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 1
35. A sphere S rolls without slipping, moving with a (a) g (b) g/2
constant speed on a plank P. The friction between the (c) g/3 (d) 2g/3
upper surface of P and the sphere is sufficient to
39. Each pulley shown in the given figure below has
prevent slipping, while the lower surface of P is
radius r and moment of inertia I. The acceleration of
smooth and rests on the ground. Initially, P is fixed to
the block is
the ground by a pin N. If N is suddenly removed.
(a) S will begin to slip on P

(b) P will begin to move backwards
 M  m g  M  m g
(a) (b)
 2I   2I 
(c) the speed of S will decrease, and its angular M m 2  M m 2 
 r   r 
velocity will increase
(d) there will be no change in the motion of S and P  M  m g  M  m g
(c) (d)
will still be at rest.  I   I 
M m 2  M m 2 
36. A mass m is hanged from a solid cylindrical shaft of  r   r 
radius R and mass 2m (as shown in the figure). Shaft is 40. A uniform rod of length 2l is placed with one end in
free to rotate. What is the acceleration of mass m? contact with the horizontal table and is then inclined at
an angle a to the horizontal and allowed to fall. When
it becomes horizontal, its angular velocity will be
3 g sin  2
(a) (b)
2 3 g sin 
g sin  
(c) (d)
(a) g (b) 2g/3  g sin 
(c) g/2 (d) g/3 41. A fly wheel rotating about a fixed axis has a kinetic
37. The moment of inertia of a body about a given axis is energy of 360 joule when its angular speed is
1.2 kg m2. Initially, the body is at rest. In order to 30 radian/sec. The moment of inertia of the wheel
produce a rotational kinetic energy of 1500 joule, an about the axis of rotation is
angular acceleration of 25 radian/sec2 must be applied (a) 0.6 kg m2 (b) 0.15 kg m2
about that axis for a duration of (c) 0.8 kg m2 (d) 0.75 kg m2
(a) 4 seconds (b) 2 seconds 42. A ring of radius r and mass m rotates about an axis
(c) 8 seconds (d) 10 seconds passing through its centre and perpendicular to its
38. A mass M is supported by a massless string wound plane with angular velocity w. Its kinetic energy is:
around a uniform cylinder of mass M and radius R. On 1
releasing the mass from rest, it will fall with (a) mr (b) mr 2
2
acceleration.
1 2 2
(c) mr 2 2 (d) mr 
2
43. A wheel of mass 2 kg, having practically all the mass
concentrated along the circumference of a circle of
radius 20 cm, is rotating on its axis with an angular
velocity of 100 rad/s. The rotational kinetic energy of
the wheel is:
(a) 4 joule (b) 70 joule
44. A rod AB is 1 m long. It is hinged at A so as to rotate

in a vertical plane. Initially the rod is horizontally
placed and then it is released from rest. Obtain the (C)
angular speed of the rod and the linear speed of its free
end as it passes through the position shown in the
(a) pattern A is more sturdy
diagram
(b) pattern B is more sturdy
(c) pattern C is more sturdy
(d) all will have same sturdiness
48. A cylindrical rod of mass M, length L and radius R has
two cords wound around it whose ends are attached to
the ceiling. The rod is held horizontally with the two
cords vertical. When the rod is released, the cords
unwind, and the rod rotates. The linear acceleration of
the cylinders as it falls, is:
(a) w = 5.05 rad/s, v = 5.05 m/s
(b) w = 1 rad/s, w = 1 m/s (a) g (b) g/3
(c) w = 4.04 rad/s, v = 2.02 m/s (c) 2g/3 (d) g/2
(d) w = 5.05 rad/s, v = 1.01 m/s 49. A hollow sphere and a solid sphere of same mass and
45. A rod AB of length L revolves in a horizontal plane radius are allowed to roll down an inclined plane from
about the axis YY’ with an angular velocity  . If A is same height simultaneously. Which will reach bottom
area of cross-section of rod and  is its density, its first.
kinetic energy is (a) Hollow sphere (b) Solid sphere
(c) Both together (d) None of these
50. A bicycle is performing pure rolling and moving at a
speed of 30 km/h. Then speeds at the highest and
lowest point of the front wheel are
(radius = 2 m)
1 3 2 1 (a) 60 km/h and 0 respectively
(a) AL   (b) AL3 2 
3 2 (b) 60 km/h for both the points
1 (c) 30 km/h for both the points
(c) AL3 2  (d) none of these
24
(d) Not possible to calculate
46. A rod of length L is hinged from one end. It is brought
51. A body of mass m slides down an incline and reaches
to a horizontal position and released. The angular
the bottom with a velocity u. If the same body were in
velocity of the rod when it is in vertical position is:
the form of a hollow cylinder which rolls down from
(a) 2g / L (b) 3g / L this incline, the velocity of the cylinder at the bottom
(c) g / 2L (d) g/L would be
47. A streetlight of mass M is suspended from the end of a u
(a) 1/ 3 u (b)
uniform rod of length L in different possible patterns 2
as shown in figure, then:
(c) 2/ 5u (d) 2/ 3u
(A) (B)
52. A solid sphere radius 1 m and mass 2 kg is rolling with

a linear speed of 2 m/s. What is speed of point A
 3
(a) (b)
2 4
(c) l (d) none of these
57. A wheel of radius r rolls without slipping with a speed
v on a horizontal road. When it is at a point A on the
(a) 2 m/s (b) 2 2 m / s road, a small blob of mud separates from the wheel at
its highest point and lands at point B on the road.
(c) 4 m/s (d) 2 m/s
r r
53. Consider a wheel of a bicycle rolling on a level road at (a) AB  v (b) AB  2v
g g
a linear speed V0. Choose the incorrect statement
r
(c) AB  4v
g
(d) If v  4 rg , the blob of mud will land on the

wheel and not on the road
58. A string is wrapped several times round a solid
cylinder and then the end of the string is held
(a) the speed of the particle A is zero stationary while the cylinder is released from rest with
(b) the speed of C is 2 V0 no initial motion. The acceleration of the cylinder and
tension in the string will be
(c) the speed of B, C and D are all equal to V0
(d) the speed of B is greater than the speed of O
54. A circular disc rotates in a vertical plane about a fixed
horizontal axis which passes through a point X on the
circumference of the disc. When the centre of the disc
moves with speed v, the speed of the opposite end of
the diameter through X is
2 mg mg
(a) g and (b) g and
(a) 2v (b) 2v 3 3 2
1 g mg g mg
(c) v (d) v (c) and (d) and
2 3 2 2 3
55. A ring, hollow sphere and solid sphere are rolled down 59. A solid homogeneous sphere is moving on a rough
from inclined plane. Which will take least time to horizontal surface, partly rolling and partly sliding.
reach the ground? During this kind of motion of the sphere
(a) solid sphere (b) hollow sphere (a) Total kinetic energy is conserved
(c) ring (d) both 2 and 3 (b) Angular momentum of the sphere about the point
56. A cylindrical drum is pushed along by a board of of contact with the plane is conserved
length l. The drum rolls forward on the ground a (c) Only the rotational kinetic energy about the centre
distance of l/2. There is no slipping at any instant. of mass is conserved
During the process of pushing the board, the distance
(d) Angular momentum about centre of mass is
moved by the man on the ground is:
conserved
60. An inclined plane makes an angle of 30° with the 5g  R  r  10 g  R  r 

horizontal. A solid sphere rolling down this inclined (a) 2
(b)
17r 17r 2
plane from rest without slipping has a linear
acceleration equal to: 5g  R  r  10 g  R  r 
(c) 2
(d)
(a) g/3 (b) 2g/3 10r 7r 2
(c) 5g/7 (d) 5g/14 66. A solid sphere of mass m is lying at rest on a rough
horizontal surface. The coefficient of friction between
61. A round uniform body of radius R, mass M and
the ground and sphere is m. The maximum value of F,
moment of inertia I, rolls down (without slipping) an
so that the sphere will not slip, is equal to
inclined plane making an angle q with the horizontal.
Then, its acceleration is
g sin g sin 
(a) (b)
I MR2
1 1
MR2 I
g sin g sin  7 4
(c) (d) (a)  mg (b)  mg
I MR2 5 7
1 1
MR2 I
5 7
(c)  mg (d)  mg
62. A solid sphere and a hollow sphere of equal mass and 7 2
radius are placed over a rough horizontal surface after
67. A disc of radius R and mass M is rolling horizontally
rotating it about its mass centre with same angular
without slipping with speed v. It then moves up an
velocity w0. Once the pure rolling starts let v1 and v2
incline as shown. The maximum height up to which it
be the linear speeds of their centre of mass. Then:
can reach is
(a) v1 = v2 (b) v1 > v2
(c) v1 < v2 (d) data is insufficient
63. In the above problem, let t1 and t2 be the times when
pure rolling of solid sphere and of hollow sphere is
started. Then:
(a) t1 = t2 (b) t1 < t2
(a) v2/g (b) v2/2g
(c) t1 > t2 (d) none of these
(c) v2/3g (d) 3v2/4g
64. A constant horizontal force F is applied on the top of a
solid sphere and a hollow sphere of same mass and 68. A ring of 1 kg mass and 1 m radius is moving forward
radius both kept on a sufficiently rough surface. Let a1 with velocity 1 m/s by rolling without slipping in a
horizontal plane. Its kinetic energy would be:
and a2 be their linear accelerations then:
1
(a) joule (b) 1 joule
2
69. A solid sphere rolls down two different inclined planes
of the same height but of different inclinations:
(a) In both cases the speeds and time of descent will be
same
(a) a1 = a2 (b) a1 > a2 (b) The speeds will be same but time of descent will be
(c) a1 < a2 (d) data sufficient different
(c) The speeds will be different but time of descent
65. A uniform ball of radius r rolls without slipping down
will be same
from the top of a sphere of radius R. The angular
velocity of the ball when it breaks from the sphere is (d) Speeds and time of descent both will be different.
70. A ball rolls down an inclined groove acquiring a 74. A wheel of mass M and radius a and Moment of
velocity Vr as it reaches the bottom. If the same ball inertia IG (about centre of mass) is set rolling with
slide without friction rather than rolled from the same angular velocity w up a rough inclined plane of
height down a similar track to acquire a velocity Vs , inclination  . The distance travelled by it up the plane
is:
which of the following statement is true?
(a) Vr < Vs because work must be done by the rolling I G 2  2  Ma2  IG 
(a) (b)
ball against frictional forces 2 mg sin  2 Mg sin 
(b) Vr > Vs because the rotational kinetic energy
I G 2 IG
acquired makes the rolling ball travel faster (c) (d)
2  Mg sin  2 Mg sin
(c) Vr = Vs because the kinetic energy must be
75. A loop and a disc have the same mass and roll without
conserved. slipping with the same linear velocity v. If the total
(d) Vr < Vs because the rolling ball acquires rotational K.E. of the loop is 8 J, the K.E. of the disc must be:
as well as translational kinetic energy (a) 6 J (b) 8 J
(e) Vr < Vs, because the rotating ball has an angular (c) 12 J (d) 16 J
acceleration as well as a linear acceleration 76. A particle of mass m is projected with a velocity v
71. The speed of a homogeneous solid sphere after rolling making an angle of 45° with the horizontal. The
down an inclined plane of vertical height h from rest magnitude of the angular momentum of the projectile
without sliding is about the point of projection when the particle is at
maximum height h is
10 gh
(a) (b) gh mv 3
7 (a) zero (b)
4 2g
6 gh
(c) 2 gh (d) mv 3 m
5 (c) (d)
2g 2 gv3
72. A spherical ball rolls on a table without slipping. The
fraction of its total energy associated with rotation is: 77. When a mass is rotating in a plane about a fixed point
its angular momentum is directed along
2 2
(a) (b)
5 7 (a) the radius
3 3 (b) the tangent to orbit

(c) (d)
5 7 (c) line at an angle of 45° to the plane of rotation
73. A person slides freely down a frictionless inclined (d) the axis of rotation
plane while his bag falls down vertically from the 78. A mass M is moving with constant velocity parallel to
same height. The final speeds of the man ( vM ) and the x–axis. Its angular momentum with respect to origin.
bag (vB) should be such that: (a) is zero (b) remain constant
(a) vM  vB (c) goes on increasing (d) goes on decreasing

79. A projectile is projected at certain angle. The angular
(b) vM  vB momentum about origin will
(c) the depend on the masses (a) always increase
(d) vM  vB (b) always decrease
(c) will first increase then decrease
(d) remain constant
80. A conical pendulum consists of a mass M suspended (d) constant torque

from a strong string of length l. The mass executes a 83. A particle performs uniform circular motion with an
circle of radius R in a horizontal plane with speed v. angular momentum L. If the frequency of particle’s
At time t, the mass is at position R i and has v j motion is doubled and its kinetic energy is halved, the
angular momentum becomes:
velocity. At time t, the angular momentum vector of
(a) 2L (b) 4L
mass M about the point from which the string passes
on the ceiling is L L
(c) (d)
2 4
84. A disc of mass m and radius R moves in the x–y plane
as shown the figure. The angular momentum of the
disc about the origin O at the instant shown is
(a) MvRk
(b) Mvk 5 7
(a) mR 2 (b) mR 2 
 2  R 2  2 3
(c) Mv  i  R k 
    9 3
(c) mR 2 (d) mR 2
2 2
 2  R 2  85. A uniform sphere of mass m, radius r and moment of
(d)  Mv  i  R k 
    inertia I about its centre moves along the x-axis as
shown in the figure. Its centre of mass moves with
81. A penguin of mass m falls from rest at point A. At velocity = v0, and it rotates about its centre of mass
horizontal distance d from the origin O with angular velocity = w0. Let L = Iw0 + mv0r is the
angular momentum of the body about the origin O is
(A) What is the angular momentum of the falling (a) L, only if v0 = w0r
penguin about O (b) greater than L, if v0 > w0r
(B) What torque does the weight mg acting on the (c) less than L is v0 > w0r
penguin exert about the origin O (d) L, for all values of w0 and v0
(a) 0 for (A) mu2/R for (B) where R is the height of A 86. A stone attached to one end of a string is revolved
from ground. around a stick so that the string winds upon the stick
(b) 0 for (A) and 0 for (B) and gets shortened. What is conserved.
(c) mg td for (A) and mgd for (B) (a) angular momentum (b) linear momentum
(d) Since angular momentum and torque both vary (c) Kinetic energy (d) none of these
continuously so it is not possible to calculate them 87. A particle of mass m is attached to a light string which
82. Angular momentum of the particle rotating with a passes through a hollow tube. The tube is held by one
central force is constant due to hand and the string by the other. The object is set into
rotation in a circle of radius R and velocity V. The
(a) constant force string is then pulled down, shortening the radius of
(b) constant linear momentum path to r. What is conserved?
(c) zero torque (a) angular momentum (b) linear momentum
(c) Kinetic Energy (d) None of these
88. An athlete diving off a high springboard can perform a 93. A solid sphere is rotating in free space. If radius of the
variety of physical movements in the air before sphere is increased keeping mass same which one of
entering the water below. Which one of the following the following will not be affected?
parameters will remain constant during the fall? The (a) Moment of inertia
athlete’s
(b) Angular momentum
(a) linear velocity (b) linear momentum
(c) Angular velocity
(c) moment of inertia (d) angular momentum
(d) Rotational kinetic energy
89. Initial angular velocity of a circular disc of mass M is
w1. Then two small spheres of mass m each are 94. A cubical block of edge a is moving with velocity v on
attached gently to two diametrically opposite points on a horizontal smooth plane as shown in figure. It hits a
the edge of the disc. What is the final angular velocity ridge at point O. The angular speed of the block after it
of the disc? hits O is:
M m M m
(a)   1 (b)   1
 M   m 
 M   M 
(c)   1 (d)   1
 M  4m   M  2m  3v 3v
(a) (b)
90. A uniform disc of radius a and mass m is rotating  a
4  a
2
freely with angular speed  in a horizontal plane,
about a smooth fixed vertical axis through its centre. A (c) 3v  2a  (d) Zero
particle, also of mass m, is suddenly attached to the
rim of the disc and rotates with it. The new angular 95. In the following figure a massive rod AB of length l is
speed is held in horizontal position by two massless strings. If
the string at B breaks and if the horizontal acceleration
(a)  / 3 (b)  / 3 of centre of mass, vertical acceleration and angular
acceleration of rod about the centre of mass are ax, ay
(c)  / 5 (d)  / 5
and a, respectively, then
91. A rigid horizontal smooth rod AB of mass 0.75 kg and
length 40 cm can rotate freely about a fixed vertical
axis through its midpoint O. Two rings each of mass 1
kg initially at rest at a distance of 10 cm from O on
either side of the rod. The rod is set in rotation with an
angular velocity of 30 radians per sec. and when the (a) 2 3a y  3a  2ax (b) 3a y  3a  ax
rings reach the ends of the rod, the angular velocity in
rad/sec. is (c) a y  3a  2ax (d) 2a y  a  2 3ax
(a) 5 (b) 10 96. A meter rule is freely pivoted about its centre. A piece
(c) 15 (d) 20 of putty of mass 20 g travelling at 5 ms-1 strikes and
adheres to one end of the rule so that the rule starts to
92. A rigid spherical body is spinning around an axis rotate in a horizontal circle. Given that the moment of
without any external torque. Due to changes in inertia of the rule and putty about pivot is 0.02 kg m2,
temperature, the volume increases by 1%. Its angular the initial angular velocity of the rule is
speed will
(a) 1.58 rad s-1 (b) 2.24 rad s-1
(a) increase approximately by 1%
(c) 2.50 rad s-1 (d) 5.00 rad s-1
(b) decrease approximately by 1%
(c) decrease approximately by 0.67%
(d) decrease approximately by 0.33%
97. A uniform bar of length 6a and mass 8m lies on a 99. A mass m is moving at speed v perpendicular to a rod
smooth horizontal table. Two-point masses m and 2m, of length d and mass M = 6 m which pivots around a
moving in the same horizontal plane with speeds 2v frictionless axle running through its centre. If it strikes
and v respectively, strike the bar (as shown in figure) and sticks to the end of the rod. The moment of inertia
and stick to the bar after collision. Denoting angular of the rod about its centre is Md2/12. Then the angular
velocity (about centre of mass), total energy and speed of the system just after the collision is:
velocity of centre of mass by w, E and v0 respectively,
after the collision which of the following is incorrect?
2v 2v
(a) (b)
3d d
v 3v
(c) (d)
d 2d
3v
(a) v 0  0 (b)  
5a
v 3mv 2
(c)   (d) E  [One or more than one correct option]
5a 5a
98. A stick of length L and mass M lies on a frictionless 100. The moment of inertia of a thin square plate ABCD, of
horizontal surface on which it is free to move in any uniform thickness about an axis passing through the
way. A ball of mass m moving with speed v collides centre O and perpendicular to the plane of the plate is
elastically with the stick as shown in the figure. If after
the collision the ball comes to rest, then what should
be the mass of the ball?
(a) I1 + I2 (b) I3 + I4
(c) I1 + I3 (d) I1 + I2 + I3 + I4
where I1, I2, I3 and I4 are respectively moments of
inertia about axes 1, 2, 3 and 4 which are in the plane
(a) m = 2 (b) m = M of the plate.
(c) m = M/2 (d) m = M/4
101. A pair of uniform identical wires are bent into semi-

circular rings, and then glued together so that the two
rings have a common centre, but the planes of the
semicircles are mutually perpendicular as shown in the
figure:
Note that B is the common mid–point of the semi-
circular rings. While O is the centre of the rings. If m
is the total mass of the system and R is the radius of
the rings. Which of the following statements is (are)
true?
(a) Friction force decelerates the disc M1 and
accelerates the disc M2.
(b) The final angular speeds of the discs are in the ratio
1 R1
 .
2 R2
(c) The angular momentum of the system (M1 + M2) is
conserved about the point of contact.
(d) The final rotational energy is less than the initial
(a) Moment of inertia of the system about the axis OB
rotational energy.
is given by mR 2
104. A constant external torque t acts for a very brief period
(b) Moment of inertia of the system about the axis OB Dt on a rotating system having moment of inertia I.
mR 2 (a) The angular momentum of the system will change
is given by
2 by t Dt
(c) Radius of gyration of the system about the axis OB (b) The angular velocity of the system will change by
R tDt/I
is given by (c) If the system was initially at rest, it will acquire
2 2
t 
(d) Radius of gyration of the system about the axis OB rotational kinetic energy
2I
is given by R .
(d) The kinetic energy of the system will change by
102. Four identical rods, each of mass m and length l, are 2
joined to form a rigid square frame. The frame lies in t 
the x-y plane, with its centre at the origin and the sides I
parallel to the x and y axis. Its moment of inertia 105. In the figure, the disc D does not slip on the surface S.
about. The pulley P has mass, and the string does not slip on
it. The string is wound around the disc.
2 2
(a) the x– axis is m
3
4 2
(b) the z– axis is m
3
(c) and axis parallel to the z– axis and passing through (a) The acceleration of the block B is double the
acceleration of the centre of D
10 2
a corner is m (b) The force of friction exerted by D on S acts to the
3
left
5 2 (c) The horizontal and the vertical sections of the
(d) one side is m
3 string have the same tension
103. A circular disc of mass M1 and radius R1 initially (d) The sum of the kinetic energies of D & B is less
moving with an angular speed w0 about the horizontal than the loss in the potential energy of B as it move
centroidal axis is brought in contact with another down.
stationary circular disc of mass M2 and radius R2 as
shown in the figure.
106. A disc of circumference s is at rest at a point A on a 110. A ring (R), a disc (D), a solid sphere (S) and a hollow
horizontal surface when a constant horizontal force sphere with thin walls (H), all having the same mass
begins to act on its centre. but different radii, start together from rest at the top of
an inclined plane and roll down without slipping.
Then:
(a) all of them will reach the bottom of the incline
together
Between A and B there is sufficient friction to prevent (b) the body with the maximum radius will reach the
slipping, and the surface is smooth to the right of B. bottom first
AB = s. The disc moves from A to B in time T. To the (c) they will reach the bottom in the order S, D, H and
right of B- R
(a) the angular acceleration of the disc will disappear; (d) all of them will have the same kinetic energy at the
linear acceleration will remain unchanged bottom of the incline
(b) linear acceleration of the disc will increase 111. A particle of mass m is projected with a velocity v
(c) the disc will make one rotation in time T/2 making an angle of 45° with the horizontal. The
(d) the disc will cover a distance greater than in further magnitude of the angular momentum of the projectile
time T about the point of projection when the particle is at its
107. A particle of mass m is travelling with a constant maximum height h, are:
  Mv 3
velocity v  v0 iˆ along the line y = b, z = 0. Let dA be (a) zero (b)
the area swept out by the position vector from origin to 4 2g
the particle in time dt and L the magnitude of angular
momentum of particle about origin at any time t. Then: (c) Mv 3 / 2 g (d) m  2 gh 
3
(a) L = constant (b) L ¹ constant 112. A thin uniform rod of mass m and length l is free to
dA 2 L dA L rotate about its upper end. When it is at rest, it receives
(c)  (d)  an impulse I at its lowest point, normal to its length.
dt m dt 2 m
Immediately after impact,
108. A ring rolls without slipping on the ground. Its centre
C moves with a constant speed u. P is any point on the (a) the angular momentum of the rod is Il
ring. The speed of P with respect to the ground is v. (b) the angular velocity of the rod is 3I/ml
(a) 0 < v < 2 u (c) the kinetic energy of the rod is 3I2/2m
(b) v = u, if CP is horizontal (d) the linear velocity of the midpoint of the rod is
(c) v = u, if CP makes an angle of 30° with the 3I/2m
horizontal and P is below the horizontal levels of C 113. A small ball of mass m suspended from the ceiling at a
point O by thread of length l moves along a horizontal
(d) v  2 u , if CP is horizontal.
circle with a constant angular velocity w.
109. The disc of radius r is confined to roll without slipping
at A and B. If the plates have the velocities shown
then:
(a) angular momentum is constant about O

(b) angular momentum is constant about C
(a) Angular velocity of the disc is 2v/r (c) vertical component of angular momentum about O
(b) Linear velocity, v0 = v is constant
(c) Angular velocity of the disc is 3v/2r (d) magnitude of angular momentum about O is
constant
(d) None of these
114. A horizontal disc rotates freely about a vertical axis 117. A smooth solid sphere of weight 1000 N is supported
through its centre. A ring, having the same mass and by the light frame OAB as shown in figure. The frame
radius as the disc, is now gently placed on the disc. is hinged at O. Determine the reactions at B (in
After some time, the two rotate with a common newtons)
angular velocity, then:
(a) some friction exists between the disc and the ring
(b) the angular momentum of the “disc plus ring” is
conserved
(c) the final common angular velocity is 2/3rd of the
initial angular velocity of the disc
(d) (2/3)rd of the initial kinetic energy changes to heat
115. A rod AC of length l and mass m is kept on a
horizontal smooth plane. It is free to rotate and move.
A particle of same mass m moving on the plane with
velocity v strikes rod at point B making angle 37° with
the rod. The collision is elastic. After collision. 118. A smooth solid sphere of weight 1000 N is supported
by the light frame OAB as shown in figure. The frame
is hinged at O. Determine the reactions at A (in
newtons)
72 v
(a) The angular velocity of the rod will be
55 

(b) The centre of the rod travel a distance in the
3
time at which it makes half rotation
24 mv
(c) Impulse of the impact force is
55 119. The angular velocity of the rotation of a disc as a
(d) None of these function of time is given by w = 2 + 6t. The disc is
homogeneous with a radius 0.2 m and mass 5 kg. It
Numerical Value Type Questions rotates around an axis passing through its centre. Find
the tangential force applied to the rim of the disc (in
116. A man whose mass is 75 kg holds the 25 kg mass. The
N).
platform on which the man is standing is suspended by
two ropes at A and B. Determine the tension (in 120. A rigid body rotates about a fixed axis. Its angular
newton) in one of the ropes at A as shown in figure velocity is variable and is given by a – bt, where a and
[quote nearest integer] b are constants and t is the time. The angle through
which it rotates before coming to rest is given by
2
 , where I is an integer. Find I.
I
121. The figure shows a thin ring of mass M = 1 kg and Assertion & Reason
radius R = 0.4 m spinning about a vertical diameter For the following questions choose the correct
 1 2
answer from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) defined
 Take I  MR  . A small bead of mass m = 0.2 kg as follows.
 2 
(A) Statement–I is True, Statement–II is True;
can slide without friction along the ring. When the
Statement–II is a correct explanation for
bead is at the top of the ring, the angular velocity is 5 Statement–I.
rad/s. What is the angular velocity when the bead slips
(B) Statement–I is True, Statement–II is True;
halfway to the horizontal ( = 45°)? Statement–2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement–I.
(C) Statement–I is True, Statement–II is False.
(D) Statement–I is False, Statement–II is True.
127. Statement-I : The hard boiled egg and raw egg can be
distinguished on the basis of spinning of both.
Statement-II : The moment of inertia of hard boiled
122. A body rotating at 20 rad/s is acted upon by a constant egg is more as compared to raw egg.
torque providing it a deceleration of 2 rad/s2. At what (a) A (b) B
time (in sec) will the body have kinetic energy same as (c) C (d) D
the initial value if the torque continues to act?
128. Statement–1: The mass of a body cannot be
123. If the square of the velocity of a body sliding down an
considered to be concentrated at the centre of mass of
incline is 160 (m2/sec2), find the velocity of a ring of
the body for the purpose of computing its moment of
same mass at the bottom which rolls down this incline
inertia.
(in m/s) (g = 10 m/sec2) [quote nearest integer]
124. A uniform ring of mass m, radius R, and centre C lies Statement–2: Then the moment of inertia of every
at rest on a smooth horizontal table. An impulse of body about an axis passing through its centre of mass
would be zero.
mv 7 is given to a point P on the circumference
horizontally to move in a direction at 60° to PC. If the (a) A (b) B
v (c) C (d) D
initial speed of point P is ( x m/sec). then value of
4 129. Statement–I : Angular velocity is a characteristic of
x is the rigid body as a whole.
125. A particle of mass m and velocity v0 is fired at a solid Statement-II : Angular velocity may be different for
cylinder of mass M and radius R. The cylinder is different particles of rigid body about the axis of
initially at rest and is mounted on a fixed horizontal rotation.
axle that runs through the centre of mass. The line of (a) A (b) B
motion of the particle is perpendicular to the axle and (c) C (d) D
at a distance d, less than R, from the centre.
130. Statement 1: A uniform thin rod of length L is hinged
If the angular speed of the system just after the particle
about one of its end and is free to rotate about the
strikes and sticks to the surface of the cylinder is
hinge without friction. Neglect the effect of gravity. A
 pmv0  d force F is applied at a distance x from the hinge on the
 M+2m  R 2 , then value of p is:
  rod such that force always is perpendicular to the rod.
126. A particle of mass m and velocity v0 is fired at a solid As the value of x is increased from zero to L, the
cylinder of mass M and radius R. The cylinder is component of reaction by hinge on the rod
initially at rest and is mounted on a fixed horizontal perpendicular to length of rod increases.
axle that runs through the centre of mass. The line of Statement 2: Under the conditions given in statement
motion of the particle is perpendicular to the axle and 1 as x is increased from zero to L, the angular
at a distance d, less than R, from the centre. acceleration of rod increases.
Is mechanical energy conserved in this process?
(a) A (b) B
Explain your answer.
[write 1 for ‘Yes’ and 0 for ‘No’] (c) C (d) D
131. Statement 1 : A rigid disc rolls without slipping on a Match the Columns
fixed rough horizontal surface with uniform angular Each question has two columns. Four options are given
velocity. Then the acceleration of lowest point on the
representing matching of elements from Column-I and
disc is zero.
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
Statement 2 : For a rigid disc rolling without slipping to a correct matching.
on a fixed rough horizontal surface, the velocity of the
For each question, choose the option corresponding
lowest point on the disc is always zero.
to the correct matching.
(a) A (b) B
137. In Column I information about the force(s) acting on a
(c) C (d) D body are mentioned, while in Column II information
132. Statement–1: A solid sphere is rolling on a rough about the motion of a body is given. Match the entries
horizontal surface. Acceleration of contact point is of Column II with the entries of Column I.
zero. Column I Column II
Statement–2: A solid sphere can roll on the smooth (a) A single force through (p) Rotational motion
surface. centre of mass
(a) A (b) B (b) Equal and opposite (q) Translational motion
(c) C (d) D forces separated by
133. Statement–1: A sphere is performing pure rolling on a non-zero distance
rough horizontal surface with constant angular (c) Equal and opposite (r) No motion
velocity. Frictional force acting on the sphere is zero.
forces acting at same
Statement–2: Velocity of contact point is zero.
point
(a) A (b) B
(d) A single force not (s) Centre of mass
(c) C (d) D through centre of mass performs
134. Statement–1: A disc is rolling on a rough horizontal curvilinear motion
surface. The instantaneous speed of the point of 138. A disc of radius R is rolling with angular velocity w,
contact during perfect rolling is zero with respect to angular acceleration a and linear acceleration a, along
the ground. x–direction. There are 4 points A, B, C and D on the
Statement–2: The force of friction can help in disc as shown.
achieving pure rolling condition.
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
135. Statement–1: A ring moving down on a smooth
inclined plane will be in slipping motion.
Statement–2: Work done by friction in pure rolling
motion is zero.
Column–I Column–II
(a) A (b) B
2 2
(c) C (d) D (a) Acceleration of point A (p)  a   R    R 
2
136. Statement–1: Torque is equal to rate of change of 2 2

(b) Acceleration of point B (q)  a   R    2 R 
angular momentum.
Statement–2: Angular momentum depends on the 2 2
(c) Acceleration of point C (r)  a   R    2 R 
moment of inertia and angular velocity.
2
(a) A (b) B (d) Acceleration of point D (s) a   R
2
  R 
2
(c) C (d) D
139. In each situation of column–I, a uniform disc of mass Using the following passage, solve Q.140 to Q.142
m and radius R rolls on a rough fixed horizontal Passage
surface as shown. At t = 0 (initially) the angular
Two rods 1 and 2 are released from rest as shown in figure.
velocity of disc is w0 and velocity of centre of mass of
disc is v0 (in horizontal direction). The relation Given: l1 = 4l, m1 = 2m, l2 = 2l and m2 = m.
between v0 and w0 for each situation and also initial There is no friction between the two rods. If a be the angular
sense of rotation is given for each situation in column–
I. Then match the statements in Column–I with the acceleration of rod 1 just after the rods are released. Then:
corresponding results in column–II.
Column–I Column–II
(a) (p) The angular
momentum
of disc about
point A
remains
conserved.
140. What is the normal reaction between the two rods at
(b) (q) The kinetic this instant?
energy of
disc after it 4 m
(a) 16 3 m (b)
starts rolling 3
without
slipping is 32 m
(c) (d) 12 3 m
less than its 3 3
initial kinetic
141. What is the horizontal force on rod 1 by hinge A at this
energy.
instant?
(c) (r) In the
 32  12 3   16  2 3 
duration disc (a)   m (b)  
rolls with  3 3   3 
slipping, the
friction acts 
(c) 14  2 3 m (d) 3 m
on disc
towards left. 142. What is initial angular acceleration of rod 2 in terms of
the given parameters in the question?
(d) (s) In the
duration disc 2 3 g  3 3 g 
(a)   2 3  (b)   3 
rolls with  2    
slipping, the
friction acts 6 3 g  3 3 g 8 
(c)   5 3  (d)   
on disc for
 8   8 3 
some time to
right and for
some time to
left.
Using the following passage, solve Q.143 to Q.145 4g 3g

(c) (d)
Passage 7 7
A uniform rod of mass M = 2 kg and length L is suspended 147. The speed of the point of contact of the sphere with the
by two smooth hinges 1 and 2 as shown in the figure. A inclined plane when the sphere reaches the bottom of
force the incline is
F = 4 N is applied downward at a distance L/4 from hinge 2.
10 gh
(a) 2gh (b)
Due to the application of force F, hinge 2 breaks. At this 7
instant, applied force F is also removed. The rod starts to (c) zero (d) 2 2gh
rotate downward about hinge 1.
148. The time taken by the sphere to reach the bottom is
2h 70h
(a) (b)
g 9g
25h 25h
(c) (d)
143. The reaction at hinge 1, before hinge 2 breaks, is 18g 6g
(a) 24 N (b) 12 N Using the following passage, solve Q.149 to Q.150

(c) 11 N (d) 10 N Passage
144. The reaction at hinge 1, just after breaking of hinge 2, A hollow sphere is released from the top of an inclined
is plane
(a) 20 N (b) 10 N of inclination q.
(c) 5 N (d) 0 149. What should be the minimum coefficient of friction
between the sphere and the plane to prevent sliding?
145. The acceleration of the end point of the rod, when the
rod becomes vertical is 6 4
(a) tan  (b) tan 
(a) 30 m/s 2
(b) 20 m/s 2 5 5
(c) 10 m/s2 (d) 0 (c)

2
tan  (d)
1
tan 
5 5
Using the following passage, solve Q.146 to Q.148
150. Find the kinetic energy of the sphere as it moves down
Passage
a length l on the incline if the friction coefficient is
In the given figure, a uniform solid sphere is released on the half the value calculated in problem 149.
top of a fixed inclined plane of inclination 37° and height 9 7
(a) mg  sin  (b) mg  sin 
‘h’. 5 8
It rolls without sliding. 3 5
(c) mg  sin  (d) mg  sin 
8 8
146. The acceleration of the centre of the sphere is
3g 4g
(a) (b)
5 5
Objective Questions I [Only one correct option]

3. A thin wire of length L and uniform linear mass
1. An equilateral triangle ABC formed from a uniform
density  is bent into a circular loop with centre at O
wire has two small identical beads initially located at
as shown. The moment of inertia of the loop about
A. The triangle is set rotating about the vertical axis
AO. Then the beads are released from rest the axis XX is : (2000)
simultaneously and allowed to slide down, one along
AB and other along AC as shown. Neglecting
frictional effects, the quantities that are conserved as
beads slides down are: (2000)
 L3  L3
(a) (b)
8 2 16 2
5 L3 3 L3
(c) (d)
16 2 8 2
4. A cylinder rolls up an inclined plane, reaches some
(a) angular velocity and total energy (kinetic and height and then rolls down (without slipping
throughout these motions). The directions of the
potential)
frictional force acting on the cylinder are: (2002)
(b) total angular momentum and total energy
(a) up the incline while ascending and down the
(c) angular velocity and moment of inertia about the
incline
axis of rotation
(d) total angular momentum and moment of inertia while descending.
about the axis of rotation. (b) up the incline while ascending as well as
2. A cubical block of side L rests on a rough horizontal
descending
surface with coefficient of friction . A horizontal
force F is applied on the block as shown. If the (c) down the incline while ascending and up the
coefficient of friction is sufficiently high, so that the incline
block does not slide before toppling, the minimum while descending.
force required to topple the block is: (2000)
(d) down the incline while ascending as well as
descending
mg
(a) infinitesimal (b)
4
mg
(c) (d) mg 1   
2
5. A circular platform is free to rotate in a horizontal 6. Consider a body, shown in figure, consisting of two
plane about a vertical axis passing through its centre. identical balls, each of mass M connected by a light
A tortoise is sitting at the edge of the platform. Now rigid rod. If an impulse J  Mv is imparted to the
the platform is given an angular velocity 0 . When body at one of its end, what would be its angular
the tortoise moves along a chord of the platform with velocity?
a constant velocity (with respect to the platform). The (2003)
angular velocity of the platform   t  will vary with
time t as: (2002)
(a)
v 2v
(a) (b)
L L
v v
(c) (d)
3L 4L
7. A particle undergoes uniform circular motion. About
which point on the plane of the circle, will the
(b) angular momentum of the particle remain conserved?
(2004)
(a) Centre of circle
(b) On the circumference of the circle
(c) Inside the circle
(d) Outside the circle
8. A disc is rolling (with slipping) on a horizontal
surface. C is its centre & Q & P are two points
(c) equidistant from C. Let vP , vQ , vC be the magnitude
of velocities of points P, Q & C respectively, then:
(2004)
(d)
(a) vQ  vC  vP (b) vQ  vC  vP
1
(c) v P  vQ , vC  vP (d) vQ  vC  vP
2
9. A child is standing with folded hands at the centre of
a platform rotating about its central axis. The kinetic
energy of the system is K. The child now stretches his
arms so that the moment of inertia of the system
doubles. The kinetic energy of the system now is:
(2004)
K
(a) 2K (b)
2
K
(c) (d) 4K
4
10. A particle moves in a circular path with decreasing

speed. Choose the correct statement: (2005)
(a) Angular momentum remains constant


(b) Acceleration a is towards the centre
(c) Particle moves in a spiral path with decreasing (a) ring (b) solid sphere
radius
(c) hollow sphere (d) disc
(d) The direction of angular momentum remains
constant. 14. A block of base 10 cm 10 cm and height 15 cm is
kept on an inclined plane. The coefficient of friction
11. A block of mass m is at rest under the action of force
F against a wall as shown in figure. Which of the between them is 3. The inclination  of this
following statement is incorrect? (2005) inclined plane from the horizontal plane is gradually
increased from 0°. Then, (2009)
(a) at  = 30°, the block will start sliding down the
plane
(b) the block will remain at rest on the plane up to
certain  and then it will topple
(a) f = mg [where f is the frictional force]
(c) at  = 60°, the block will start sliding down the
(b) F = N [where N is the normal force] plane and continue to do so at higher angles.
(c) F will not produce torque (d) at  = 60°, the block will start sliding down the
(d) N will not produce torque plane and on further increasing , it will topple at
certain 
12. A ball moves over a fixed track as shown in the
figure. From A to B the ball rolls without slipping. If 15. A wire, which passes through the hole in a small
surface BC is frictionless and K A , K B and KC are bead, is bent in the form of quarter of a circle. The
wire is fixed vertically on ground as shown in the
kinetic energies of the ball at A, B and C respectively,
figure. The bead is released from near the top of the
then: (2006)
wire and it slides along the wire without friction. As
the bead moves from A to B, the force it applies on
the wire is:
(2014)
(a) hA  hC ; K B  KC (b) hA  hC ; KC  K A
(c) hA  hC ; K B  KC (d) hA  hC ; K B  KC
13. A small object of uniform density rolls up a curved

surface with an initial velocity v. It reaches up to a
3v 2 (a) always radially outwards.
maximum height of with respect to the initial
4g (b) always radially inwards.
position. The object is: (2007)
(c) radially outwards initially and radially inwards
later.
(d) radially inwards initially and radially outwards
later.
16. A ring of mass M and radius R is rotating with 18. A football of radius R is kept on a hole of radius
angular speed  about a fixed vertical axis passing r (r < R) made on a plank kept horizontally. One end
through its centre O with two point masses each of of the plank is now lifted so that it gets tilted making
M and angle θ from the horizontal as shown in the figure
mass at rest at O. These masses can move
8 below. The maximum value of θ so that the football
radially outwards along two massless rods fixed on does not start rolling down the plank satisfies (figure
the ring as shown in the figure. At some instant the is schematic and not drawn to scale) (2020)
8
angular speed of the system is  and one of the
9
3
masses is at a distance of R from O. At this instant
5
the distance of the other mass from O is (2015)
r r
(a) sin   (b) tan  
R R
r r
(c) sin   (d) cos  
2R 2R
19. A small roller of diameter 20 cm has an axle of
diameter 10 cm (see below on the left). It is on a
2 1 horizontal floor and a meter scale is positioned
(a) R (b) R
3 3 horizontally on its axle with one edge of the scale on
3 4 top of the axle (see figure on the right). The scale is
(c) R (d) R now pushed slowly on the axle so that it moves
5 5
without slipping on the axle, and the roller starts
17. A uniform wooden stick of mass 1.6 kg and length l rolling without slipping. After the roller has moved
rests in an inclined manner on a smooth, vertical wall 50 cm, the position of the scale will look like (figures
of height h (< l) such that a small portion of the stick are schematic and not drawn to scale) (2020)
extends beyond the wall. The reaction force of the
wall on the stick is perpendicular to the stick. The
stick makes an angle of 30° with the wall and the
bottom of the stick is on a rough floor. The reaction
of the wall on the stick is equal in magnitude to the
h
reaction of the floor on the stick. The ratio and the
l
frictional force f at the bottom of the stick are
(a) (b)
 g  10 ms 
2
(2016)
h 3 16 3
(a)  , f  N
l 16 3
h 3 16 3
(b)  , f  N (c) (d)
l 16 3
h 3 3 8 3
(c)  , f  N
l 16 3
h 3 3 16 3
(d)  , f  N
l 16 3
20. A flat surface of a thin uniform disk A of radius R is

glued to a horizontal table. Another thin uniform disk
B of mass M and with the same radius R rolls without
slipping on the circumference of A, as shown in the
figure. A flat surface of B also lies on the plane of the
table. The center of mass of B has fixed angular (a) hA  hC ; K B  KC (b) hA  hC ; KC  K A
speed  about the vertical axis passing through the
(c) hA  hC ; K B  KC (d) hA  hC ; K A  KC
center of A. The angular momentum of B is nM  R2
23. A sphere is rolling without slipping on a fixed
with respect to the center of A. Which of the
horizontal plane surface. In the fig., A is the point of
following is the value of n ? contact. B is the centre of the sphere and C is its
topmost point. Then, (2009)
       

(a) v C  v A  2 v B  v C  (b) vC  v B  v B  v A
      
(c) v C  v A  2 v B  v C (d) v C  v A  4 v B
(2022) 24. Two thin circular discs of mass m and 4m, having
(a) 2 (b) 5 radii of a and 2a, respectively, are rigidly fixed by
massless, rigid rod of length l  24 a through their
7 9 centers. This assembly is laid on a firm and flat
(c) (d)
2 2 surface and set rolling without slipping on the surface
so that the angular speed about the axis of the rod is
. The angular momentum of the entire assembly
[One or more than one correct option] 
about the point ‘O’ is L (see the figure). Which of
21. A solid sphere is in pure rolling motion on an inclined the following statement(s) is(are) true? (2016)
surface having inclination  (2006)

(a) The magnitude of the z-component of L is
55ma 2
(a) frictional force acting on sphere is f =  mg cos  (b) The magnitude of angular momentum of the
(b) f is dissipative force 
assembly about its center of mass is 17 ma 2
2
(c) friction will increase its angular velocity and
decrease its linear velocity (c) The magnitude of angular momentum of center of
mass of the assembly about the point O is
(d) If  decreases, friction will decrease 81ma 2
22. A small ball starts moving from A over a fixed track (d) The center of mass of the assembly rotates about
as shown in the figure. Surface AB has friction. From 
the z-axis with an angular speed of
A to B the ball rolls without slipping. Surface BC is 5
frictionless K A , K B and KC are kinetic energies of
the ball at A, B and C respectively. Then (2006)

25. The position vector r (t ) of a particle of mass m is 27. A thin and uniform rod of mass M and length L is
 held vertical on a floor with large friction. The rod is
given by the following equation r  t    t 3 i   t 2 j
released from rest so that it falls by rotating about its
10 3 contact-point with the floor without slipping. Which
where   ms ,   5 ms 2 and m  0.1 kg. At t =
3
of the following statement(s) is/are correct, when the
1 s, which of the following statement(s) is (are) true
rod makes an angle 600 with vertical?
about the particle? (2016)
[g is the acceleration due to gravity) (2019)
 
(a) the velocity v is given by v  10i  10 j ms 1
  2g
(a) The angular acceleration of the rod will be
 L
(b) The angular momentum L with respect to the
 5 (b) The normal reaction force from the floor on the
origin is given by L     k Nms
 3 rod will be
mg
16
 
(c) The force F is given by F  i  2 j N   (c) The radial acceleration of the rod’s center of mass

(d) The torque  with respect to the origin is given 3g
will be
4
  20 
by      k Nm
 3  3g
(d) The angular speed of the rod will be
2L
26. Consider a body of mass 1.0 kg at rest at the origin at
 28. A rod of mass and length L, pivoted at one of its
 
time t = 0. A force F  tiˆ  Bjˆ is applied on the
ends, is hanging vertically. A bullet of the same mass
1
body, where   1.0Ns and   1.0N The torque moving at speed strikes the rod horizontally at a
acting on the body about the origin at time t = 1.0 s is distance from its pivoted end and gets embedded in

 Which of the following statements is (are) true? it. The combined system now rotates with angular
speed ω about the pivot. The maximum angular
(2018)
speed ωM is achieved for x = xM. Then (2020)
 1
(a)   Nm
3

(b) The torque  is in the direction of the unit vector
 k
(c) The velocity of the body at t = 1s is

 1
2
 
v  iˆ  2 ˆj ms 1 3vx 12vx
(a)   (b)  
L2  3 x 2 L2  12 x 2
(d) The magnitude of displacement of the body at t =
L v
1 (c) xM  (d) M  3
1s is m 3 2L
6

29. A horizontal force is applied at the center of mass (c) L  4k when the particle passes through the
of a cylindrical object of mass and radius R,
point  x  l , y   h 
perpendicular to its axis as shown in the figure. The

coefficient of friction between the object and the (d)   k when the particle passes through the point
ground is . The center of mass of the object has an  x  0, y   h 
acceleration a. The acceleration due to gravity is g.
31. One end of a horizontal uniform beam of weight W
Given that the object rolls without slipping, which of
and length L is hinged on a vertical wall at point O
the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
and its other end is supported by a light inextensible
(2021) rope. The other end of the rope is fixed at point Q, at
a height L above the hinge at point O. A block of
weight  W is attached at the point P of the beam, as
shown in the figure (not to scale). The rope can
 
sustain a maximum tension of 2 2 W . Which of
the following statement(s) is(are) correct? (2021)
(a) The vertical component of reaction force at O
does not depend on 
(b) The horizontal component of reaction force at O
is equal to W for   0.5
(c) The tension in the rope is 2 W for   0.5
(d) The rope breaks if   1.5
(a) For the same F, the value of does not depend on
whether the cylinder is solid or hollow 32. An annual disk of mass M , inner radius a and outer
radius b is placed on a horizontal surface with
(b) For a solid cylinder, the maximum possible value
coefficient of friction  , as shown in the figure. At
of is 2
some time, an impulse J 0 xˆ is applied at a height h
(c) The magnitude of the frictional force on the object
due to the ground is always  mg above the center of the disk. If h  hm then the disk
rolls without slipping along the x-axis. Which of the
F following statement(s) is(are) correct?
(d) For a thin-walled hollow cylinder, a 
2m
30. A particle of mass M  0.2kg is initially at rest in
the xy-plane at a point  x  l , y   h  where
l  10 m and h  1m . The particle is accelerated at
time = 0 with a constant acceleration a  10m / s 2
along the positive x-direction. Its angular momentum (2023)
and torque with respect to the origin, in SI units, are b
  (a) For   0 and a  0, hm 
represented by L and  , respectively. i, j and k are 2
unit vectors along the positive x, y and z-directions, (b) For   0 and a  b, hm  b
respectively. If k  i  j then which of the following (c) For h  hm , the initial angular velocity does not
statement(s) is(are) correct? (2021) depend on the inner radius a .
(a) The particle arrives at the point  x  l , y   h  at (d) For   0 and h  0, the wheel always slides
time t  2 s without rolling.

(b)   2k when the particle passes through the
point  x  l , y   h 
Numerical Value Type Questions (2014)
33. Four solid spheres each of diameter 5 cm and mass

0.5 kg are placed with their centres at the corners of a
square of side 4 cm. The moment of inertia of the
system about the diagonal of the square is N × 10–4
kg m2, then N is. (2011) 37. A uniform circular disc of mass 1.5 kg and radius 0.5
m is initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless
surface. Three forces of equal magnitude F= 0.5 N
34. A boy is pushing a ring of mass 2 kg and radius 0.5 m
are applied simultaneously along the three sides of an
with a stick as shown in the figure. The stick applies a
equilateral triangle XYZ with its vertices on the
force of 2 N on the ring and rolls it without slipping
perimeter of the disc (see figure). One second after
with an acceleration of 0.3m / s 2 . The coefficient of applying the forces, the angular speed of the disc in
friction between the ground and the ring is large rad s–1 is (2014)
enough that rolling always occurs and the coefficient
P
of friction between the stick and the ring is   .
 10 
The value of P is. [quote nearest integer] (2011)
38. The densities of two solid spheres A and B of the

r
same radii R vary with radius r as  A  r   k  
R
5
r
and  B  r   k   , respectively, where k is a
R
constant. The moments of inertia of the individual
spheres about axes passing through their centres are
35. A uniform circular disc of mass 50 kg and radius 0.4 I n
m is rotating with an angular velocity of 10 rad/s I A and I B , respectively. If B  , the value of n
I A 10
about its own axis, which is vertical. Two uniform
is: (2015)
circular rings, each of mass 6.25 kg and radius 0.2 m,
39. Two identical uniform discs roll without slipping on
are gently placed symmetrically on the disc in such a
two different surfaces AB and CD (see figure)
manner that they are touching each other along the
starting at A and C with linear speeds v1 and v2 ,
axis of the disc and are horizontal. Assume that the
friction is large enough such that the rings are at rest respectively, and always remain in contact with the
relative to the disc and the system rotates about the surfaces. If they reach B and D with the same linear
original axis. The new angular velocity (in rad s–1) of speed and v1  3m / s then v2 in m/s is (g = 10 m/s2)
the system is (2013) (2015)
36. A horizontal circular platform of radius 0.5 m and
mass 0.45 kg is free to rotate about its axis. Two
massless spring toy-guns, each carrying a steel ball of
mass 0.05 kg are attached to the platform at a
distance 0.25 m from the centre on its either side
along its diameter (see figure). Each gun
simultaneously fires the balls horizontally and
perpendicular to the diameter in opposite directions.
After leaving the platform, the ball has horizontal
speed of 9 ms–1 with respect to the ground. The
rotational speed of the platform in rad/s after the balls
leave the platform is
40. A ring and a disc are initially at rest, side by side, at pendulum about the point of suspension just before
o
the top of an inclined plane which makes an angle 60 the bob lifts off is Jkg−m2/s. The kinetic energy of the
with the horizontal. They start to roll without slipping pendulum just after the liftoff is K Joules.
at the same instant of time along the shortest path. If The value of J is_______. (2021)
the time difference between their reaching the ground 43. A pendulum consists of a bob of mass m = 0.1kg and
a mass less in extensible string of length L = 1.0m. It
is
 2  3  s, then the height of the top of the is suspended from a fixed point at height H = 0.9m
10
above a friction less horizontal floor. Initially, the bob
inclined plane, in metres, is ______. Take
of the pendulum is lying on the floor at rest vertically
g  10ms 2 . (2018)
below the point of suspension. A horizontal
41. A thin rod of mass M and length is free to rotate in
impulse P = 0.2kg -m/s is imparted to the bob at some
horizontal plane about a fixed vertical axis passing
instant. After the bob slides for some distance, the
through point O. A thin circular disc of mass M and
string becomes taut and the bob lifts off the floor. The
a
of radius is pivoted on this rod with its center at a magnitude of the angular momentum of the pendulum
4
about the point of suspension just before the bob lifts
a
distance from the free end so that it can rotate off is Jkg -m2/s. The kinetic energy of the pendulum
4
just after the lift-off is K Joules.
freely about its vertical axis, as shown in the figure.
The value of K is_______. (2021)
Assume that both the rod and the disc have uniform
44. At time t = 0, a disk of radius 1 m starts to roll
density and they remain horizontal during the motion. without slipping on a horizontal plane with an angular
An outside stationary observer finds the rod rotating 2
acceleration of   rad s 2 . A small stone A stuck
with an angular velocity Ω and the disc rotating about 3
to the disk. At t = 0, it is at the contact point of the
its vertical axis with angular velocity4Ω. The total
disk and the plane. Later, at time t   8, the stone
angular momentum of the system about the point O detaches itself and flies off tangentially from the disk.
The maximum height (in m) reached by the stone
 Ma 2  
is   n. find the value of n (2021) 1 x
measured from the plane is  . The value of x is
 48  2 10
___________ [Take g  10 ms 2 ] (2022)
45. A solid sphere of mass I kg and radius 1 m rolls
without slipping on a fixed inclined plane with an
angle of inclination   30 from the horizontal. Two
forces of magnitude 1 N each, parallel to the incline,
42. A pendulum consists of a bob of mass m = 0.1kg and act on the sphere, both at distance r = 0.5 m from the
center of the sphere, as shown in the figure. The
a mass less in extensible string of length L = 1.0m. It acceleration of the sphere down the plane is _____
is suspended from a fixed point at height H = 0.9 m ms 2 . [Take g  10 ms 2 ]
above a friction less horizontal floor. Initially, the bob
of the pendulum is lying on the floor at rest vertically
below the point of suspension. A horizontal
impulse P = 0.2kg −m/s is imparted to the bob at
some instant. After the bob slides for some distance,
the string becomes taut and the bob lifts off the floor.
The magnitude of the angular momentum of the (2022)
Assertion & Reason 48. When disc B is brought in contact with disc A, they
acquire a common angular velocity in time t. The
average frictional torque on one disc by the other
from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) defined as follows.
during this period is (2007)
(A) If Statement–I is true, Statement–II is true;
2I 9I
Statement–II is the correct explanation for (a) (b)
3t 2t
Statement–I.
(B) If Statement–I is true, Statement–II is true; 9I 3I 
(c) (d)
Statement–II is not a correct explanation for 4t 2t
Statement–I. 49. The loss of kinetic energy during the above process
(C) If Statement–I is true; Statement–II is false. is:
(D) If Statement–I is false; Statement–II is true. (2007)
I 2 I 2
46. Statement–I: Two cylinders, one hollow (metal) and (a) (b)
the other solid (wood) with the same mass and 2 3
identical dimensions are simultaneously allowed to
I 2 I 2
roll without slipping down an inclined plane from the (c) (d)
4 6
same height. The hollow cylinder will reach the
bottom of the inclined plane first. Using the following passage, solve Q.50 to Q.52
Statement–II: By the principle of conservation of Passage
energy, the total kinetic energies of the both the
A uniform thin cylindrical disk of mass M and radius
cylinders are identical when they reach the bottom of
R is attached to two identical massless springs of
the incline. (2008)
spring constant k which are fixed to the wall as
(a) A (b) B shown in the figure. The springs are attached to the
(c) C (d) D axle of the disk diametrically on either side at a
distance d from its centre. The axle is massless and
Using the following passage, solve Q.47 to Q.49 both the springs and the axle are in a horizontal plane.
Passage The unstretched length of each spring is L. The disk
is initially at its equilibrium position with its centre of
Two discs A and B are mounted coaxially on a mass (CM) at a distance L from the wall. The disk
vertical axle. The discs have moments of inertial I  
rolls without slipping with velocity v0  v0iˆ. The
and 2I respectively about the common axis. Disc A is
imparted an initial angular velocity 2 using the coefficient of friction is .
entire potential energy of a spring compressed by a
distance x1. Disc B is imparted an angular velocity 
by a spring having the same spring constant and
compressed by a distance x2 . Both the discs rotate in
the clockwise direction.
x1
47. The ratio is (2007)
x2
50. The net external force acting on the disk when its
1 centre of mass is at displacement x with respect to its
(a) 2 (b) equilibrium position is (2008)
2
(a)  kx (b)  2kx
1 2kx 4kx
(c) 2 (d) (c)  (d) 
2 3 3
51. The centre of mass of the disk undergoes simple

harmonic motion with angular frequency  equal to
(2008)
k 2k
(a) (b)
M M
2k 4k
(c) (d)
3M 3M 53. The distance r of the block at time t is
52. The maximum value of v0 for which the disk will roll (2016)
R R
without slipping is (2008) (a) cos 2t (b)  e 2 t  e 2t 
2 4
M M
(a)  g (b)  g R R t
k 2k (c) cos  t (d)  e  e t 
2 4
3M 5M 54. The net reaction of the disc on the block is
(c)  g (d)  m
k 2K (2016)
Using the following passage, solve Q.53 and Q.54 (a) m R sin t j  mgk
2
Passage (b) m 2 R cos t j  mgk

1
m 2 R  et  e t  j  mgk
A frame of reference that is accelerated with respect
(c)
to an inertial frame of reference is called a non- 2
inertial frame of reference. A coordinate system fixed 1
(d) m 2 R  e 2t  e 2t  j  mg k
on a circular disc rotating about a fixed axis with a 2
constant angular velocity  is an example of a non-
inertial frame of reference. The relationship between

the force F rot experienced by a particle of mass m

moving on the rotating disc and the force F in
experienced by the particle in an inertial frame of
      
  
reference is F rot  F in  2 m v rot    m   r   

where v rot is the velocity of the particle in the

rotating frame of reference and r is the position
vector of the particle with respect to the centre of the
disc.
Now consider a smooth slot along a diameter of a
disc of radius R rotating counter-clockwise with a
constant angular speed  about its vertical axis
through its center. We assign a coordinate system
with the origin at the center of the disc, the x-axis
along the slot, the y-axis perpendicular to the slot and

the z-axis along the rotation axis    k . A small
 
block of mass m is gently placed in the slot at
  R
r    i at t = 0 and is constrained to move only
2
along the slot.
ROTATIONAL MOTION
GRAVITATION 173
09
GRAVITATION
SCAN CODE
GRAVITATION
Chapter 09
GRAVITATION 174
GRAVITATION
INTRODUCTION
1.3 Vector Form
Gravity is the force of attraction exerted by earth towards is In vector form, Newton’s law of gravitation is

centre on a body lying on or near the surface of earth. represented in the following manner. The force F21  
Gravity is merely a special case of gravitation and is also exerted on particle m2 by particle m1 is given by,
called earth’s gravitational pull.  mm
F21  G 1 2 2  ˆr12  ...  i 
Weight of a body is defined as the force of attraction exerted r
Where  r̂12  is a unit vector drawn in the direction of
by the earth on the body towards its centre.
vector from particle m2 to
The units and dimensions of gravity pull or weight are the 
same as those of force. particle m1. Similarly, the force F 
12 exerted on
particle m1 by particle m2 is given by
 mm
1. NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITATION F12  G 1 2 2  ˆr12  ... ii 
r
1.1 Definition From (i) and (ii)
 
Every particle attracts every other particle with a force  F12  F21
which is directly proportional to the product of their
masses and inversely proportional to the square of the 2. ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY
distance between them.
2.1 Definition
Acceleration due to gravity is the acceleration gained by
a an object due to gravitational force.
Fig. 9.1 It SI unit is m / s2 . It has both magnitude direction,
hence, it is a vector quantity.
1.2 Mathematical Form Acceleration due to gravity is represented by g.
If m1 and m2 are the masses of the particles and r is the The stranded value of g on the surface of earth at sea
distance between them, the force of attraction F level is 9.8 m / s 2 .
between the particles is given by
mm 2.2 The Acceleration due to Gravity at a Height h
F  12 2 above the Earth’s Surface
r
mm Let M and R be the mass and radius of the earth and g
 F  G 12 2
r be
Where G is the universal constant of gravitation. the acceleration due to gravity at the earth’s surface.
Universal gravitational constant is measured in Suppose that a body of mass m is placed on the surface
of the earth.
N m 2 / kg 2
GMm
The dimensional formula is  L3 M 1T 2  universal  mg 
R2
gravitational constant GM
 g  2 ...  i 
The value of G is: 6.67408 1011 Nm2 / kg 2 R
Now suppose that the body is raised to a height h, above
the earth’s surface,
SCAN CODE
GRAVITATION
GRAVITATION 175
GMm Because it will acts as a shell and point is inside.

Mg n  2
....  ii 
R  h
Fig. 9.3
4 3
Now, M  R  d 
Fig. 9.2 3
Dividing eq (ii) by eq (i), we get, GM1
gd 
gh R2 R  d
2

g  R  h 2
4
or g d  G  R  d   ...  ii 
 R2  3
 gh   g
2
  R  h   Dividing the equation (ii) by (i), we have
4
G  R  d  
2.3 Acceleration due to Gravity at a Very Small gd 3 R d  d
  or g d  g  1   ..  iii 
Height g 4 R  R 
GR
2 3
Rh Therefore, the value of acceleration due to gravity
gh  g  
 R  decreases with depth.
2
 h
g h  g 1   2.5 Variation of ‘g’ with Latitude due to Rotational
 R Motion of Earth
If h << R, then neglecting high power’s of ‘h’ we get,
Due to the rotational of the earth the force mr2 cos 
 2h  radially outwards. Hence the net force of attraction
g h  g 1  
 R  exerted by the earth of the particle and directed towards
the centre of the earth is given by
2.4 Effect of Depth on a Acceleration due to Gravity
Also g in terms of  mg  mg  mr2 cos 
GM where g is the value of the acceleration due to gravity
g
R2 at the point P.
If  is density of the material of earth, then
4
M  R 3
3
4
G  R 3
 g 3
R2
4
 g  GR
3
Let gd be acceleration due to gravity at the point B at a
depth d below the surface of earth. A body at the point
B
will experience force only due to the portion of the Fig. 9.4
earth of radius OB (R – d). The outer spherical shell,  g  g  r2 cos 

whose thickness is d, will not exert any force on body at Now, r  R cos  (where R is the radius of the earth)
point B.
SCAN CODE
GRAVITATION
GRAVITATION 176
Then g   g   R cos   2 cos  The unit of the intensity of gravitational field is N kg-1.
Intensity of gravitational field due to point mass:
 g  g  R2 cos 2 
The force due to test mass m0 placed at point P is given
The effective acceleration due to gravity at a point ‘P’ is b:
given by, g  g  R2 cos 2  GMm 0
F
Thus, value of ‘g’ changes with  and  r2
1. At poles, F GM
Hence E  E 2
  90 m0 r
 GM
g  g  R2 cos 2 90 In vector form E   2 rˆ
g  g r
Dimensional formula of intensity of gravitational field
This is maximum acceleration due to gravity. 2
F MLT 
2. At equator    M0 LT2 
0 m  
M
g  g  R2 cos 2 0 3.2 Gravitational Potential
2 The gravitational potential at any point in a
g  g  R
gravitational field is defined as the work done to bring a
This is minimum acceleration due to gravity.
unit mass slowly from infinity to that point.
Variation due to shape.
1. The gravitational potential (V) at a point at distance r
NOTE: from a point mass M is given by,
GM
The variation of acceleration due to gravity according to V (Where G is the constant of gravitation)
the depth and the height from the earth’s surface can be r
2. The work done on a unit mass is converted into its
expressed with help of following graph. potential energy. Thus, the gravitational potential at any
point is equal to the potential energy of a unit mass
placed at that point.
3. If a small point mass m is placed in a gravitational
field at a point where the gravitational potential is V,
the gravitational
potential energy (P.E.) of the mass m is given by.
P.E. = mass × gravitational potential
P.E = mV
GMm
Fig. 9.5 P.E  
r
3. GRAVITATION FIELD AND 3.3 Gravitational Potential Energy
GRAVITATION POTENTIAL Gravitational potential energy of a body at a point is
defined as the work done in slowly bringing the body
from infinity to that point.
3.1 Gravitational Field Let a body of mass m is displaced through a distance
The space surrounding the body within which its ‘dr’
gravitational force of attraction is experienced by other towards the mass M, then work done given by,
r
bodies is called gravitational field. Gravitational field is GMm GMm
dW  Fdr  2 dr   dW   2 dr
very similar to electric field in electrostatics where r  r
charge ‘q’ is replaced by mass ‘m’ and electric constant Gravitational potential energy,
‘K’ is replaced by gravitational constant ‘G’. The GMm
intensity of gravitational field at a points is defined as U
r
the force experienced by a unit mass placed at that (i) From above equation, it is clear that gravitational
point. potential energy increases with increase in distance (r)

 F (i.e. it becomes less negative).
E (ii) Gravitational P.E. becomes maximum (or zero) at
m r
SCAN CODE
GRAVITATION
GRAVITATION 177

Object Potential (V) Gravitational field( E ) Figure
Ring GM  GMr

V E rˆ
2 1/2 3/ 2
a 2
r  a 2
 r2 
Thin circular 2GM  2 2   2GM  r 

V a r r E   2 1   rˆ
a2   a  2 2
r a 
Uniform Thin spherical

shell
(a) Point P inside the shell GM E0

(r < a) V
a
(b) Point P outside the
GM  GM
shell (r > a) V
r E  2 rˆ
r
Uniform Solid sphere

(a) Point P inside the  GMr
GM 2 2
sphere (r  a) V
2a 3
 3a  r  E
a3
ˆr
(b) Point P outside the
sphere (r ≥ a) GM  GM
V E  2 rˆ
r r
SCAN CODE
GRAVITATION
GRAVITATION 178
4. ESCAPE VELOCITY OF A BODY 5. SATELLITE
4.1 Expression for the Escape Velocity of a Body at 5.1 Definition

Rest on the Earth’s Surface Any smaller body which revolves around another larer
The minimum velocity with which a body should be body under the influence of its gravitation is called a
projected from the surface of the earth, so that it escapes satellite. The satellite may be natural or artificial.
from the earth’s gravitational field, is called the escape 1. The moon which revolves around the earth, is a
velocity. satellite of the earth. There are sixteen satellites
Thus, if a body or a satellite is given the escape revolving around the planet Jupiter. These satellites are
velocity, its kinetic energy of projection will be equal to called natural satellites.
its binding energy. 2. A satellite made and launched into circular orbit by
Kinetic Energy of projection = Binding Energy. man is called an artificial satellite. The first satellite was
1 GMm launched by USSR named SPUTNIK–I and the first
 mv c2  Indian satellite was ‘ARYABHATTA’.
2 R
2GM There are two types of satellites:
 vc  1. GEO stationary satellite
R
2. SPY satellite
4.2 Expression for ‘Ve’ in Terms’s of ‘g’ Let’s discuss GEO stationary satellite
The escape velocity for any object on the earth’s surface
is given by.
2GM
ve 
R
If m is the mass of the object, its weight mg is equal to
the gravitational force acting on it.
GMm
 mg 
R2
 GM  gR 2 Fig 9.6
Substituting this value in the expression for ve we get, We know that the earth rotates about tis axis with
angular velocity earth and time period Tearth  24 hours .
ve  2gR
Suppose a satellites is set in an orbit which is in plane
4.3 Expression for ‘Ve’ in Terms’s of Density of the equator, whose  is equal to earth , (or its T is
We have,
equal to Tearth  24 hours ) and direction is also same as
2GM that of earth. Then as seen from earth, it will appear to
ve 
R be stationery. This type of satellite is called geo-
stationery satellite.
Let  be the mean density of the planet. Then,
satellite  earth
4 3
M R   Tsatellite  Tearth  24 hr.
3
So time period of a geo-stationery satellite must be 24
2G 4 3
ve   R  hours. To achieve T = 24 hour, the orbital radius geo-
R 3 stationery satellite.
G  4 2  3
ve  2R
3 T2   r
 GM e 
Putting the values, we get orbital radius of geo-
stationery satellite r  6.6R e (here Re = Radius of the
earth) height from the surface h  5.6R e .
SCAN CODE
GRAVITATION
GRAVITATION 179
6. PERIOD OF REVOLUTION OF A SATELLITE 7.2 An Expression for the Orbital Velocity of a

Satellite Revolving Round the Earth
The time taken by a satellite to complete one revolution
round the earth is called its period or periodic time Suppose that a satellite of mass m is raised to a height h
(T). above the earth’s surface and then projected in a
Consider a satellite of mass m revolving in a circular horizontal direction with the orbital velocity v0 . The
orbit with a orbital velocity v0 at a height h above the satellite begins to move round the earth in a circular
surface of the earth. Let M and R be the mass and the orbit of radius, R + h,
radius of the earth respectively. The radius (r) of the where R is the radius of the earth.
circular orbit of the satellite is r = R + h.
For the circular motion,
Fig.9.8
The gravitational force acting on the satellite is
Fig. 9.7 GMm
2
,
R  h 
GM
 v0  ...  i  where M is the mass of the earth and G is the constant
r
of
If T is the period of revolution of the satellite,
gravitation.
circumference of orbit 2r
Period (T)   For circular motion,
critical velocity v0
mv 20 GMm
2r  ,
R ...(From i)  R  h   R  h 2
GM
GM
r  v0 
R  h 
r3
 T  2 This expression gives the orbital velocity of the
GM
satellite.
This expression gives the periodic time of the satellite.
Squaring the expression, we get From the expression, it is clear that the orbital velocity
depends upon.
42 r 3
 T2  1. Mass of the earth
GM
2. Radius of earth and
 T 2  r 3 ...(since G and M are constants) 3. Height of the satellite above the surface of the earth.
Thus, the square of the time period of revolution of a
satellite is directly proportional to the cube of the radius 7.3 The Escape Velocity of a Body from the Surface
of its orbit of the Earth is 2 times its Critical Velocity
when it Revolves Close to the Earth’s Surface
7. ORBITAL VELOCITY Let M and R be the mass and radius of the earth and m
be the mass of the body. When orbiting close to the
7.1 Definition earth’s surface, the radius of the orbit is almost equal to
The horizontal velocity with which a satellite must be R. If ve is the critical velocity of the body, then for a
projected from a point above the earth’s surface, so that circular orbit.
it revolves in a circular orbit round the earth, is called Centripetal force = Gravitational force
the orbital velocity of the satellite.
SCAN CODE
GRAVITATION
GRAVITATION 180
GMm 4. If the velocity of the projection is equals to the

 mvc2 
R2 escape velocity, then the satellite moves in parabolic
path.
GM
 vc  ...  i  5. It the velocity of the projection is greater than the
R
If ve is the escape velocity from the earth’s surface, escape velocity, then orbit will hyperbolic and will
K.E. of projection = Binding energy escape the gravitational pull of the earth and continue to
1 GMm travel infinitely.
 mv e2 
2 2
2GM NOTE:
 ve  ...  ii 
R Launching of An Artificial Satellite Around Earth
From Eq (i) and Eq. (ii), we get,
ve  2vc
7.4 Different Cases of Projection
When a satellite is taken to some height above the earth
and then projected in the horizontal direction, the
following four cases may occur, depending upon the
magnitude of the horizontal velocity.
Fig. 9.9 Fig. 9.10

1. If the velocity of the projection is less than the orbital The satellite is placed upon the rocket which is
velocity then the satellite moves in elliptical orbit, but launched from the earth. After the rocket reaches its
the maximum vertical height h, a spherical mechanism
point of projection is apogee and in the orbit, the gives a thrust to the satellite at point A (figure)
satellite producing a horizontal velocity v. The total energy of
comes closer to the earth with its perigee point lying at the satellite at A is thus,
180°. If it enters the atmosphere while coming towards
perigee it will loose energy and spirally comes down. If 1 GMm
E mv 2 
it does not enters the atmosphere it will continue to 2 Rh
move in elliptical orbit.
2. If the velocity of the projection is equal to the orbital The orbit will be an ellipse (closed path), a parabola, or
velocity then the satellite moves in circular orbit round an hyperbola depending on whether E is negative, zero,
the earth. or positive. In all cases the centre of the earth is at one
3. If the velocity of the projection is greater than the focus of the path. If the energy is too low, the elliptical
orbital velocity but less than the escape velocity, then orbit will intersect the earth and the satellite will fall
the satellite moves in elliptical orbit and its apogee, or back. Otherwise, it will keep moving in a closed orbit,
point of greatest distance from the earth, will be greater or will escape from the earth, depending on the values
than projection height. of v and h.
Hence a satellite carried to a height h (<< R) and given
SCAN CODE
GRAVITATION
GRAVITATION 181
a horizontal velocity of 8 km/sec will be placed almost 1. The height of the communication satellite above the
in a circular orbit around the earth (figure). If launched earth’s surface is about 36000 km and its period of
at less than 8 km/sec, it would get closer and closer to revolution is 24 hours or 24 × 60 × 60 seconds.
earth until it hits the ground. Thus, 8 km/sec is the
critical (minimum) velocity. 9.1 Uses of the Communication Satellite
1. For sending TV signals over large distances on the
earth’s surface.
8. ENERGY OF SATELLITE 2. Telecommunication.
GMm 3. Weather forecasting.
The potential energy of the system is U  
r 4. For taking photographs of astronomical objects.
5. For studying of solar and cosmic radiations.
10. WEIGHTLESSNESS
1. The gravitational force with which a body is
attractedtowards the centre of earth is called the
weight of body.
2. When an astronaut is on the surface of earth,
Fig. 9.11 gravitational force acts on him. This gravitational
The kinetic energy of the satellite is, force is the weight of astronaut and astronant exerts
1 1  GM  this force on the surface of earth. The surface of
K  mv20  m   earth exerts an equal and opposte reaction and due to
2 2  r 
this reaction he feels his weight on the earth.
1 GMm
or K  3. For an astronaut in an orbiting satellite, the satellite
2 r
and astronaut both have same acceleration towards
GMm
The total energy is, E  K  U   the centre of earth and this acceleration is equal to
2r
the acceleration due to gravity at the place.
GMm
or E   4. Therefore astronaut does not produce any action on
2r
the floor of the satellite. Naturally the floor does not
This energy is constant and negative, i.e., the system is
exert any force of reaction on the astronaut. As there
closed. The farther the satellite from the earth the
is no reaction, the astronaut has a feeling of
greater its total energy.
weightlessness. (i.e. no sense of his own weight).
9. COMMUNICATION SATELLITE NOTE:
1. sensation of weightlessness experienced by an
An artificial satellite revolving in a circular orbit round
astronaut is not the result of there being zero
the earth in the same sense of the rotational of the earth
gravitational acceleration, but of there being zero
and having same period of revolution as the period of difference between the acceleration of the
rotation of the earth spacecraft and the acceleration of the astronaut.
(i.e. 1 day = 24 hours = 86400 seconds) is called as 2. The most common problem experienced by
geo-stationary or communication satellite. astronauts in the initial hours of weightlessness is
As relative velocity of the satellite with respective to the known as space adaptation syndrome (space
earth is zero it appears stationary from the earth’s sickness).
surface.
Therefore it is know as geo-stationary satellite or
11. KEPLER’S LAWS
geosynchronous satellite.
11.1 Law of Orbit

Each Planet moves around the sun in an elliptical orbit
SCAN CODE
GRAVITATION
GRAVITATION 182
with the sun at one of the foci as shown in figure. The semimajor axis of the elliptical orbit.
eccentricity of an ellipse is defined as the ratio of the T2  a 3
SO
distance SO and AO i.e. e 
AO Astronomical Data
SO
e  , SO  ea
a Body Sun Earth Moon
Mean radius, 6.95 108 6.37 106 1.74 106
Mass, kg 1.97 1030 5.96 1024 7.30 1022

Mean density,
1.41 5.52 3.30
103 kg/m3
Period of
Fig. 9.12 rotation about 25.4 1.00 27.3
The distance of closest approach with sun at F1 is AS. axis, days
This position is called perigee.
The greatest distance (BS) Inertial Mass
of the planet from the sun is at position B apogee.
At, Perigee (AS) = AO – OS = a – ea = a (1 – e) NOTE:
At, apogee (BS) = OB + OS = a + ea = a (1 + e) Inertial mass of a body is related to its inertia in linear
motion; and is defined by Newton’s second law of
11.2 Law of Area
motion.
The line joining the sun and a planet sweeps out equal Let a body of mass m G move with acceleration a under
areas in equal intervals of time. A planet takes the same
the action of an external force F. According to
time to travel from A to B as from C to D as shown in
Newton’s second law of motion, F = mi a or mi = F/a
figure.
Thus, inertial mass of a body is equal to the magnitude
(The shaded areas are equal). Naturally the planet has to
of external force required to produce unit acceleration
move faster between C to D.
in the body.
Gravitational Mass
NOTE:
Gravitational mass of a body is related to gravitational
pull on the body and is defined by Newton’s law of
Fig. 9.13 gravitational.
GMmG F F
area swept F or mG  
Areal velocity 
time
R 2

GM / R 2
 I
The mass mG of the body in this sence is the
1
r  rd  gravitational
1 d 1 mr 2  L
 2  r2   mass of the body. The inertia of the body has no effect
dt 2 dt 2 m 2m
on the gravitational mass of the body. mG = F
L Thus, Gravitational mass of a body is defined as the
Hence = constant. [ L is angular momentum and it
2m magnitude of gravitational pull experienced by the body
is constant as there is no external torque] in a gravitational field of unit intensity.
11.3 Law of Periods
The square of the time for the planet to complete a
revolution about the sun is proportional to the cube of
SCAN CODE
GRAVITATION
GRAVITATION 183
12. BINARY STAR SYSTEM
12.1 Double Star System
Fig. 9.14
For mass m B
Gm A m B
 m B 2 rB
r2
GmA 2 m A r

r2 mA  mB
G  mA  mB 
2 
r3
2
 2  G  mA  mB 
  
T
  r3
42 r 3
T2 
 mA  mB  G
42 r 3
T
 mA  mB  G
In reality all the planets arel satellite revolves around
their COM (also known as Barycenter) but if the mass
of planet is very large as compare to the mass of
satellite, then we can assume that planet is stationary
and satellite is removing around it in circular path
(because rA  0 )
SCAN CODE
GRAVITATION
GRAVITATION 184

Newtons Law of Gravitation Acceleration Due to Gravity
1. The SI unit of gravitational constant G is 8. The acceleration due to gravity g on earth is 9.8 ms-2.
(a) Nm kg–2 (b) Nm2 kg–2 What would the value of g for a planet whose size is
the same as that of earth but the density in twice that of
(c) Nm2 kg–1 (d) Nm kg–1
earth?
2. The value of gravitational constant G depends upon
(a) 19.6 ms-2 (b) 9.8 ms-2
(a) the masses of the bodies
(c) 4.9 ms-2 (d) 2.45 ms-2
(b) the sizes of the bodies
9. If both the mass and the radius of the earth decrease by
(c) the separation of the bodies
1%, the value of the acceleration due to gravity will
(d) none of the above quantities
(a) decrease by 1% (b) increase by 1%
3. A rocket is fired from the earth to the moon. The
(c) increase by 2% (d) remain unchanged
distance between the earth and the moon is r and the
mass of the earth is 81 times the mass of the moon. 10. The acceleration due to gravity on earth of radius Re is
The gravitational force on the rocket will be zero, ge and that on moon of radius Rm is gm. The ratio of
when its distance from the moon is the masses of the earth and the moon is given by
r r
(a) (b) ge Re ge Re
20 15 (a) . (b) .
g m Rm g m Rm
r r
(c) (d)
10 5 ge Re2 ge2 Re
(c) . (d) .
4. A mass M is divided into two parts xM and (1-x)M g m Rm2 g m2 Rm
For a given separation, the value of x for which the 11. Two planets of radii R1 and R2 are made from the same
gravitational attraction between the two pieces material. The ratio of the accelerations due to gravity
becomes maximum is g1/g2 at the surfaces of the planets is
1 3 R1 R2
(a) (b) (a) (b)
2 5 R2 R1
(c) 1 (d) 2 2 2
R  R 
5. Weight of an object is: (c)  1  (d)  2 
(a) Normal reaction between ground and the object  R2   R1 
(b) Gravitational force exerted on the object 12. Assuming that the earth is a sphere of radius R, at what
(c) Depends on frame of reference. altitude will the value of the acceleration due to
gravity be half its value at the surface of the earth?
(d) Net force on the object
R R
6. If the distance between two masses is doubled, the (a) h  (b) h 
gravitational attraction between them 2 2
(a) Is doubled (b) Becomes four times (c) h   
2 1 R (d) h   
2 1 R
(c) Is reduced to half (d) Is reduced to a quarter
13. The height of the point vertically above the earth’s
7. Two particles of equal mass m go round a circle R
surface at which the acceleration due to gravity
under the action of their mutual gravitational
becomes 1% of its value at the surface is (R is the
attraction. The speed of each particle is:-
radius of the earth)
1 1 Gm (a) 8 R (b) 9 R
(a) v  (b) v 
2 R GM 2R
(c) 10 R (d) 20 R
1 Gm 4Gm
(c) v  (d) v 
2 R R
GRAVITATION 185
14. The radius of the earth is about 6400 km and that of 20. The angular speed of earth in rad/s, so that the object
mars is about 3200 km. The mass of the earth is about on equator may appear weightless is: (radius of earth =
10 times the mass of mars. An object weighs 200 N on 6400 km)
the surface of the earth. Its weight on the surface of (a) 1.25 × 103 (b) 1.50 × 103
mars would be
(c) 1.56 (d) 1.25 × 101
(a) 6 N (b) 20 N
(c) 40 N (d) 80 N 21. If we move from equator to pole value of g:
15. What must be the angular velocity of rotation of the (a) first increases then decreases
earth so that the effective acceleration due to gravity at (b) remains same
the equator is zero?
(c) increases
The radius of the earth = 64 × 104 m.
(d) decreases
g
[given:  0.39 ] 22. If the spinning speed of the earth is increased, then
8
weight of the body at the equator:
(a) 3.3 × 10-3 rad s-1 (b) 3.5 × 10-3 rad s-1
(a) does not change (b) doubles
(c) 3.7 × 10-3 rad s-1 (d) 3.9 × 10-3 rad s-1
(c) decreases (d) increases
3
16. If a man at the equator would weigh   th of his 23. The speed of earth’s rotation about its axis is . Its
5
speed is increased to x times to make the effective
actual weight, the angular speed of the earth is
acceleration due to gravity equal to zero at the equator.
2 g g then x is:
(a) (b)
5 R R (a) 1 (b) 8.5
R 2 R (c) 17 (d) 34
(c) (d)
g 5 g
17. Assuming earth to be a sphere of uniform density. Gravitational Field
What is the value of acceleration due to gravity at a
point 100 km below the earth’s surface? 24. Three particles, each of mass m, are placed at the
vertices of an equilateral triangle of side a. The
(given R = 6380 × 103m)
gravitational field intensity at the centroid of the
(a) 3.6 m/s2 (b) 6.6 m/s2 triangle is
(c) 7.66 m/s2 (d) 9.65 m/s2
Gm2
18. Assertion: A tennis ball bounces higher on hills than (a) zero (b)
in plains. a2
Reason: Acceleration due to gravity on the hill is 2Gm2 3Gm 2
(c) (d)
greater than that on the surface of earth. a2 a2
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is
25. Infinite number of masses, each of mass m, are placed
the correct explanation of assertion. along a straight line at distances of r, 2r, 4r, 8r, etc.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not from a reference point O. The gravitational field
the correct explanation of assertion. intensity at point O will be
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
5 Gm 4 Gm
(d) Both assertion and reason are false. (a) (b)
4 r2 3r2
19. What will be the formula of the mass in terms of g, R
and G? (R = radius of earth) 3 Gm 2Gm
(c) (d)
R 2 2 r2 r2
R
(a) g 2 (b) G
G g
R R2
(c) G (d) g
g G
GRAVITATION 186
26. A mass m is placed in the cavity inside a hollow R R

(a) (b)
sphere of mass M as shown in the figure. What is the 3 2
gravitational force on mass m? mR mR
(c) (d)
 M  m M
32. The change in the gravitational potential energy when

a body of mass m is raised to a height nR above the
surface of the earth is (here R is the radius of the earth)
 n   n 
(a)   mgR (b)   mgR
 n 1  n 1 
GMm GMm
(a) (b) mgR
R2 r2 (c) nmgR (d)
n
GMm
(c) 2
(d) zero 33. A body of mass m placed on earth surface is taken to a
R  r height of h = 3R, then change in gravitation potential
energy is
Gravitational Potential Energy
mgR 2
27. Radius of orbit of satellite of earth is R. Its Kinetic (a) (b) mgR
energy is proportional to: 4 3
1 1 3 mgR
(a) (b) (c) mgR (d)
R R 4 4
1 34. The masses and radii of the earth and moon are M1, R1
(c) R (d) 3 and M2, R2 respectively. Their centres are a distance d
2
R apart. The minimum speed with which a particle of
28. Two objects of masses m and 4m are at rest at infinite mass m should be projected from a point midway
separation. They move towards each other under between the two centres so as to escape to infinity is
mutual gravitational attraction. Then, at a separation r, given by
which of the following is true? 1/ 2 1/ 2
(a) The total energy of the system is zero.  G  M1  M 2    G  M1  M 2  
(a) 2   (b) 2  
(b) The force between them is not zero.  md   d 
(c) The centre of mass of the system is at rest.
1/ 2 1/ 2
(d) All the above are true.  G  M1  M 2    G  M1  M 2  
(c) 2   (d) 2  
29. A body is released from a height equal to the radius  md   d 
(R) of the earth. The velocity of the body when it
35. A rocket is launched vertically from the surface of the
strikes the surface of the earth will be
earth of radius R with an initial speed v. If atmospheric
(a) gR (b) 2 gR resistance is neglected, the maximum height attained
(c) 2 2 gR (d) 2 gR by the rocket is given by
30. A high jumper can jump 2.0 m on earth. With the same R R
(a) h  (b) h 
effort how high will he be able to jump on a planet  2 gR   2 gR 
 2  1  2  1
whose density is one-third and radius one-fourth those  v   v 
of the earth?
 2 gR   2 gR 
(a) 4m (b) 8m (c) h  R  2  1 (d) h  R  2  1
(c) 12m (d) 24m  v   v 
31. A body of mass m is raised to a height h above the 36. The escape velocity of a body projected vertically
surface of the earth of mass M and radius R until its upwards from the surface of the earth is v. If the body
1 is projected in a direction making an angle  with the
gravitational potential energy increases by mgR.
3 vertical, the escape velocity would be
The value of h is (a) v (b) v cos 
(c) v sin  (d) v tan 
GRAVITATION 187
37. The escape velocity from the earth is ve. What is the 44. A satellite is moving around the earth in a stable
escape velocity from a planet whose mass and radius circular orbit. Which one of the following statements
are twice those of the earth? will be wrong for such a satellite?
(a) ve (b) 2 ve (a) It is moving at a constant speed.
(c) 4 ve (d) 16 ve (b) Its angular momentum remains constant.
3 (c) It is acted upon by a force directed away from the
38. A body is projected up with a velocity equal to th of
4 centre of the earth which counterbalances the
the escape velocity from the surface of the earth. The gravitational pull of the earth.
height it reaches is: (Radius of the earth = R)
(d) It behaves as if it were as freely falling body.
10 R 9R
(a) (b) 45. Astronauts in a stable orbit around the earth are said to
9 7
be in a weightless condition. The reason for this is that
9R 10 R
(c) (d) (a) the capsule and its contents are falling freely at the
8 3
same rate
39. Mass of moon is 1/81 times that of earth and its radius
(b) there is no gravitational force acting on them
is 1/4 of the earth radius. If the escape velocity on the
earth’s surface is 11.2 km/s. Then its value at the (c) the gravitational force of the earth balances that of
surface of moon will be the sun
(a) 5 km/s (b) 2.5 km/s (d) there is no atmosphere at the height at which they
(c) 1.25 km/s (d) none of these are orbiting
40. The ratio of the radii of the planet P1 and P2 is k. The 46. Choose the wrong statement. The orbital velocity of a
ratio of acceleration due to gravity on them is r. Then body in a stable orbit around a planet depends upon
the ratio of the escape velocities from them will be: (a) the average radius of the planet
r k (b) the height of the body above the planet
(a) (b)
k r (c) the acceleration due to gravity on surface
(c) kr (d) kr (d) the mass of the orbiting body
47. Two satellites of masses 3M and M orbit the earth in
Motion of a Satellite circular orbits of radii r and 3r respectively. The ratio
41. The ratio of the escape velocity of an earth satellite to of their speeds is
its orbital velocity is very nearly equal to
(a) 1:1 (b) 3 :1
(a) 2 (b) 2
(c) 3:1 (d) 9:1
(c) 1/2 (d) 1/ 2
48. The gravitational force between two objects is
42. An earth satellite is kept moving in orbit by the
proportional to 1/R (and not as 1/R2) where R is
centripetal force provided by
separation between them, then a particle in circular
(a) the burning of fuel in its engine orbit under such a force would have its orbital speed v
(b) the ejection of hot gases from its exhaust proportional to
(c) the gravitational attraction of the sun
1 0
(d) the gravitational attraction of the earth (a) (b) R
R2
43. An instrument package is released from an orbiting
earth satellite by simply detaching it from the outer 1
(c) R1 (d)
wall of the satellite. The package will R
(a) go away from the earth and get lost in outer space 49. Two satellites of the same mass are orbiting round the
(b) fall to the surface of the earth earth at heights of R and 4R above the earth’s surface:
(c) continue moving along with the satellite in the R being the radius of the earth. Their kinetic energies
same orbit and with the same speed are in the ratio of
(d) fall through a certain distance and then move in an (a) 4:1 (b) 3:2
orbit around the earth. (c) 4:3 (d) 5:2
GRAVITATION 188
50. An artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around

the earth has a total (kinetic + potential) energy E0. Its
potential energy is
(a) – E0 (b) 1.5 E0
(c) 2 E0 (d) E0
51. An object weights W newton on earth. It is suspended
from the lower end of a spring balance whose upper (a) t2 > t1 (b) t1 = 4t2
end is fixed to the ceiling of a space capsule in a stable (c) t1 = 2t2 (d) t1 = t2
orbit around the earth. The reading of the spring
57. The radius vector, drawn from the sun to a planet,
balance will be
sweeps out equal areas in equal times. This is the
(a) W (b) less than W
statement of:
(c) more than W (d) zero
(a) Newton’s third law (b) Kepler’s third law
52. A seconds pendulum is mounted in a rocket. Its period
of oscillation decreases when the rocket (c) Kepler’s second law (d) Kepler’s first law
(a) comes down with uniform acceleration 58. The orbital angular momentum of a satellite revolving
(b) moves round the earth in a geostationary orbit at a distance r form the center is L. If the distance is
(c) moves up with a uniform velocity increased to 16r, then the new angular momentum will
(d) moves up with uniform acceleration be
53. The distance of a geostationary satellite from the (a) 16 L (b) 64 L
centre of earth (radius R = 6400 km) is nearest to: L
(a) 18 R (b) 10 R (c) (d) 4L
4
(c) 7 R (d) 5 R 59. A satellite is orbiting the earth in a circular orbit of
54. A geostationary satellite orbits around the earth in a radius r. Its period of revolution varies as
circular orbit of radius 36000 km. Then, the time
period of satellite orbiting a few hundred kilometres (a) r (b) r
above the earth’s surface (Rearth = 6400 km) will (c) r 3/ 2
(d) r2
approximately be 60. A satellite of mass m is in a stable circular orbit
1 around the earth at an altitude of about 100 kilometres.
(a) h (b) 1 h
2 If M is the mass of the earth, R is its radius and g the
(c) 2 h (d) 4 h acceleration due to gravity, the time period T of the
55. A ball is dropped from a satellite revolving around the revolution of the satellite is given by
earth at a height of 120 km. The ball will:
R g
(a) continue to move with same speed along a straight (a) T  2 (b) T  2
g R
line tangentially to the satellite at that time
(b) continue to move with the same speed along the MR mR
(c) T  2 (d) T  2
original orbit of satellite mg Mg
(c) fall down to earth gradually
61. A satellite is launched into a circular orbit of radius R
(d) go far away in space around the earth. A second satellite is launched into an
orbit of radius 1.01 R. The period of the second
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion satellite is longer than that of the first by
56. The figure shows elliptical orbit of a planet m about approximately
the sun S. The shared area SCD is twice the shaded (a) 0.5% (b) 1.0%
area SAB. If t1 is the time for the planet to move from (c) 1.5% (d) 3.0%
C to D and t2 is the time to move from A to B, then 62. If the distance between the earth and the sun were half
its present value, the number of days in a year would
have been
(a) 64.5 (b) 129
(c) 182.5 (d) 730
GRAVITATION 189
63. Two satellites A and B of masses m1 and m2 68. A satellite orbiting the circular orbit of radius R
(m1 = 2m2) are moving in circular orbits of radii r1 and completes one revolution in 3 h. If orbital radius of
r2 (r1 = 4r2), respectively, around the earth. If their geostationary satellite is 36000 km, the orbital radius
periods are TA and TB, then the ratio TA/TB is R of satellite is:
(a) 4 (b) 16 (a) 6000 km (b) 9000 km
(c) 2 (d) 8 (c) 12000 km (d) 15000 km
64. A geostationary satellite is orbiting the earth at a 69. Assertion: The comet does not obey Kepler’s law of
height of 6 R above the surface of the earth; R being planetary motion.
the radius of the earth. What will be the time period of
Reason: The comet does not have elliptical orbit.
another satellite at a height 2.5 R from the surface of
the earth?
the correct explanation of assertion.
(a) 6 2 hours (b) 6 2.5 hours (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not
(c) 6 3 hours (d) 12 hours the correct explanation of assertion.
65. Two satellites A and B are orbiting around the earth in (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
circular orbits of the same radius. The mass of A is 16 (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
times that of B. The ratio of the period of revolution of 70. Assertion: The square of the period of revolution of a
B to that of A is planet is proportional to the cube of its distance from
(a) 1:16 (b) 1:4 the sun. [Assuming circular orbit]
(c) 1:2 (d) 1:1 Reason: Sun’s gravitation field is inversely
66. A planet revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit. proportional to the square of its distance from the
The linear speed of the planet will be maximum at planet:
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
(a) D (b) B
(c) A (d) C
67. Suppose the gravitational force varies inversely as the
nth power of the distance. The time period of a planet
in circular orbit of radius R around the sun will be
proportional to:
 n1  n1
2 2
(a) R (b) R
(c) R n 1 (d) R n 1
GRAVITATION 190

1. Four identical particles of equal masses 1 kg made to sphere (as shown in figure) and the force becomes F2.
move along the circumference of a circle of radius 1 The value of F1 : F2 is: (2021)
m under the action of their own mutual gravitational
attraction. The speed of each particle will be (2021)
G
(a)
2

2 2 1  (b) 
G 1 2 2 
1  2 2  G G
(c)
2
(d)
2

1 2 2 
2. Two stars of masses m and 2m at a distance d rotate (a) 50:41 (b) 36:25
about their common centre of mass in free space. The
(c) 25:36 (d) 41:50
period of revolution is (2021)
6. Two satellites A and B of masses 200 kg and 400 kg
3Gm d3 are revolving round the earth at height of 600 km and
(a) 2 (b) 2
d3 3Gm 1600 km respectively. If TA and TB are the time
1 d3 1 3Gm periods of A and B respectively then the value of

(c) (d) TB  TA :
2 3Gm 2 d3
3. A body weighs 49 N on a spring balance at the north
pole. What will be its weight recorded on the same
weighing machine, if it is shifted to the equator?
GM
[use g   9.8ms 2 and radius of earth,
R2
R = 6400 km.] (2021)
[Given: radius of earth = 6400 km, mass of earth
(a) 49.17 N (b) 48.83 N
 6 1024 kg ] (2021)
(c) 49 N (d) 49.83 N
3 2
4. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as (a) 4.24 10 s (b) 4.24 10 s
Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. (c) 1.33 10 s 3
(d) 3.33 102 s
Assertion (A): The escape velocities of planet A and
7. Assume that a tunnel is dug along a chord of the
B are same. But A and B are of unequal mass. earth, at a perpendicular distance (R/2) from the
Reason (R): The product of their mass and radius earth's centre, where 'R' is the radius of the Earth. The
must be same. M 1 R1  M 2 R2 wall of the tunnel is frictionless. If a particle is
released in this tunnel, it will execute a simple
In the light of the above statements, choose the most harmonic motion with a time period: (2021)
appropriate answer from the options given below: 1 g R
(2021) (a) (b) 2
2 R g
(a) A is not correct but R is correct
2 R g
(b) A is correct but R is not correct (c) (d)
g 2 R
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
8. A particle is moving with uniform speed along the
explanation of A
circumference of a circle of radius R under the action
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct of a central fictitious force F which is inversely
explanation of A proportional to R 3 . Its time period of revolution will
5. A solid sphere of radius R gravitationally attracts a be given by: (2021)
4
particle placed at 3R from its centre with a force F1.
(a) T  R 3 (b) T  R 2
R
Now a spherical cavity of radius   is made in the 5 3
2 (c) T  R 2 (d) T  R 2
GRAVITATION 191
9. A planet revolving in elliptical orbit has: (c) 3 (d) 5

(A) a constant velocity of revolution. 13. The time period of a satellite in a circular orbit of
(B) has the least velocity when it is nearest to the sun. radius R is T. The period of another satellite in a
(C) its areal velocity is directly proportional to its circular orbit of radius 9R is: (2021)
velocity. (a) 3 T (b) 9 T
(D) areal velocity is inversely proportional to its (c) 27 T (d) 12 T
velocity. 14. If the angular velocity of earth’s spin is increased
(E) to follow a trajectory such that the areal velocity such that the bodies at the equator start floating, the
is constant. duration of the day would be approximately:
Choose the correct answer from the options given [Take g = 10 ms–2, the radius of earth,
below: (2021)
R = 6400 × 103 m, Take   3.14 ] (2021)
(a) A only (b) C only
(c) E only (d) D only (a) does not change (b) 1200 minutes
10. Find the gravitational force of attraction between the (c) 84 minutes (d) 60 minutes
ring and sphere as shown in the diagram, where the 15. The initial velocity vi required to project a body
plane of the ring is perpendicular to the line joining vertically upward from the surface of the earth to
the centres. If 8R is the distance between the reach a height of 10 R, where R is the radius of the
centres of a ring (of mass 'm') and a sphere (mass 'M') earth, may be described in terms of escape velocity
where both have equal radius 'R'. (2021) x
ve such that vi   ve . The value of x will
y
x
be________[ where, is in smallest form].
y
(2021)
16. In the reported figure of earth, the value of
acceleration due to gravity is same at point A and C
8 GmM 1 GMm
(a) . (b) .2
but it is smaller than that of its value at point B
27 R 2 3 8 R (surface of the earth). The value of OA: AB will be x
2 2 GMm 8 GmM : y. The value of x is:
(c) . 2 (d) . [where x:y is in smallest form]
3 R 9 R
11. The maximum and minimum distances of a comet
from the Sun are 1.6  1012 m and 8.0 1010 m
respectively. If the speed of the comet at the nearest
point is 6 104 ms1 , the speed at the farthest point is
(2021)
3 3
(a) 6.0 10 m / s (b) 3.0 10 m / s
(c) 4.5 103 m / s (d) 1.5 103 m / s
(2021)
12. A geostationary satellite is orbiting around an
17. If one wants to remove all the mass of the earth to
arbitrary planet 'P' at a height of 11 R above the
infinity in order to break it up completely. The
surface of 'P', R being the radius of 'P'. The time
amount of energy that needs to be supplied will be
period of another satellite in hours at a height of 2 R
from the surface of 'P' is_________. 'P' has the time x GM 2
where x is ____ (Round off to the Nearest
period of 24 hours. 5 R
Integer)
(2021)
(M is the mass of earth; R is the radius of earth; G is
6
(a) 6 2 (b) the gravitational constant) (2021)
2
GRAVITATION 192
18. The radius in kilometres to which the present radius 25. An object of mass 1 kg is taken to a height from the
of earth (R = 6400 km) to be compressed, so that the surface of earth which is equal to three times the radius
escape velocity is increased by 10 times is________. of earth. The gain in potential energy of the object will
(2021) be [If, g = 10ms–2 and radius of earth = 6400 km]
19. The time period of a satellite revolving around earth in (JEE Main 2022)
a given orbit is 7 hours. If the radius of orbit is (a) 48 MJ (b) 24 MJ
increased to three times its previous value, then (c) 36 MJ (d) 12 MJ
approximate new time period of the satellite will be 26. Three identical particle A, B and C of mass 100 kg
(JEE Main 2022) each are placed in a straight line with AB = BC = 13
(a) 40 hours (b) 36 hours m. The gravitational force on a fourth particle P of the
(c) 30 hours (d) 25 hours same mass is F, when placed at a distance 13 m from
20. The percentage decrease in the weight of a rocket, the particle B on the perpendicular bisector of the line
when taken to height of 32 km above the surface of AC. The value of F will be approximately:
earth will be : (JEE Main 2022)
(Radius of earth = 6400 km) (JEE Main 2022) (a) 21 G (b) 100 G
(a) 1% (b) 3% (c) 59 G (d) 42 G
(c) 4% (d) 0.5% 27. An object is taken to a height above the surface of
21. A body is projected vertically upwards from the 5
earth at a distance R from the centre of the earth.
surface of earth with a velocity equal to one third of 4
escape velocity. The maximum height attained by the Where radius of earth, R = 6400 km. The percentage
body will be: decrease in the weight of the object will be(JEE Main
(Take radius of earth = 6400 km and g = 10 ms–2) 2022)
(JEE Main 2022) (a) 36% (b) 50%
(a) 800 km (b) 1600 km (c) 64% (d) 25%
(c) 2133 km (d) 4800 km 28. The approximate height from the surface of earth at
22. Two satellites A and B having masses in the ratio 4 : 3 1
are revolving in circular orbits of radii 3r and 4r which the weight of the body becomes of its weight
3
respectively around the earth. The ratio of total
on the surface of earth is
mechanical energy of A to B is: (JEE Main 2022)
(a) 9 : 16 (b) 16 : 9 [Radius of earth R=6400 km and 3  1.732 ]
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 4 : 3 (JEE Main 2022)
(a) 3840 km (b) 4685 km
23. A body of mass m is projected with velocity ev in
(c) 2133 km (d) 4267 km
vertically upward direction from the surface of the
29. The distance between Sun and Earth is R. The duration
earth into space. It is given that ev is escape velocity
of year if the distance between Sun and Earth becomes
and λ < 1. If air resistance is considered to the
3R will be (JEE Main 2022)
negligible, then the maximum height from the centre of
earth, to which the body can go, will be (R : radius of (a) 3 years (b) 3 years
earth) (JEE Main 2022) (c) 9 years (d) 3 3 years
R R 30. The height of any point P above the surface of earth is
(a) 2
(b)
1  1 2 equal to diameter of earth. The value of acceleration
due to gravity at point P will be : (Given g =
R 2R
(c) (d) acceleration due to gravity at the surface of earth)
1  1 2
(JEE Main 2022)
24. Assume there are two identical simple pendulum
(a) g/2 (b) g/4
Clocks-1 is placed on the earth and Clock-2 is placed
on a space station located at a height h above the earth (c) g/3 (d) g/9
surface. Clock-1 and Clock-2 operate at time periods 31. Two objects of equal masses placed at certain distance
4s and 6s respectively. Then the value of h is (consider from each other attracts each other with a force of F. If
radius of earth RE = 6400 km and g on earth 10 m/s2) one-third mass of one object is transferred to the other
(JEE Main 2022) object, then the new force will be (JEE Main 2022)
(a) 1200 km (b) 1600 km (a) 2/9 F (b) 16/9 F
(c) 3200 km (d) 4800 km
GRAVITATION 193
(c) 8/9 F (d) F (b) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
32. If the acceleration due to gravity experienced by a explanation of A
point mass at a height h above the surface of earth is (c) A is not correct but R is correct
same as that of the acceleration due to gravity at a (d) A is correct but R is not correct
depth αh (h << Re) from the earth surface. The value of 38. T is the time period of simple pendulum on the earth's
α will be _________. (use Re = 6400 km) surface. Its time period becomes x T when taken to a
(JEE Main 2022) height R (equal to earth's radius) above the earth's
33. Two satellites S1 and S2 are revolving in circular orbits surface. Then, the value of x will be:
around a planet with radius R1 = 3200 km and R2 = (JEE Main 2023)
800 km respectively. The ratio of speed of satellite S1 (a) 4 (b) 2
to the speed of satellite S2 in their respective orbits (c) ½ (d) ¼
1 39. Assume that the earth is a solid sphere of uniform
would be where x = (JEE Main 2022)
x density and a tunnel is dug along its diameter
34. The weight of a body at the surface of earth is 18 N. throughout the earth. It is found that when a particle is
The weight of the body at an altitude of 3200 km released in this tunnel, it executes a simple harmonic
above the earth’s surface is (given, radius of earth Re = motion. The mass of the particle is 100 g. The time
6400 km) (JEE Main 2023) period of the motion of the particle will be
(a) 9.8 N (b) 4.9 N (approximately) (take g  10 ms 2 , radius of earth =
(c) 19.6 N (d) 8 N 6400 km) (JEE Main 2023)
35. If the distance of the earth from Sun is 1.5 × 106 km. (a) 24 hours
Then the distance of an imaginary planet from Sun, if (b) 1 hour 24 minutes
its period of revolution is 2.83 years is: (c) 1 hour 40 minutes
(JEE Main 2023) (d) 12 hours
(a) 6 × 107 km (b) 6 × 106 km 40. A body of mass is taken from earth surface to the
6
(c) 3 × 10 km (d) 3 × 107 km height h equal to twice the radius of earth  Re  , the
36. Given below are two statements:
increase in potential energy will be: (g = acceleration
Statement I: Acceleration due to earth's gravity
due to gravity on the surface of Earth)
decreases as you go 'up' or 'down' from earth's surface.
(JEE Main 2023)
Statement II: Acceleration due to earth's gravity is
1
same at a height 'h' and depth 'd' from earth's surface, if (a) 3mgRe (b) mgRe
3
h = d.
In the light of above statements, choose the most 2 1
(c) mgRe (d) mgRe
appropriate answer form the options given below 3 2
(JEE Main 2023) 41. Every planet revolves around the sun in an elliptical
(a) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct orbit:
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect (A) The force acting on a planet is inversely
(c) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect proportional to square of distance from sun
(d) Both Statement I and II are correct
(B) Force acting on planet is inversely proportional to
37. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as
Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. product of the masses of the planet and the sun
Assertion A: A pendulum clock when taken to Mount (C) The centripetal force acting on the planet is
Everest becomes fast.
directed away from the sun.
Reason R: The value of g (acceleration due to gravity)
is less at Mount Everest than its value on the surface of (D) The square of time period of revolution of planet
earth. around sun is directly proportional to cube of
In the light of the above statements, choose the most semi-major axis of elliptical orbit.
appropriate answer from the options given below
(JEE Main 2023) (JEE Main 2023)
(a) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct (a) A and D only (b) C and D only
explanation of A (c) B and C only (d) A and C only
GRAVITATION 194
42. Two particles of equal mass ‘m’ move in a circle of 48. Given below are two statements:
radius ‘r’ under the action of their mutual gravitational Statement-I: Acceleration due to gravity is different at
attraction. The speed of each particle will be : different places on the surface of earth.
(JEE Main 2023) Statement-II: Acceleration due to gravity increases as
GM 4GM we go down below the earth's surface. In the light of
(a) (b) the above statements, choose the correct answer from
2r r
the options given below (JEE Main 2023)
GM GM (a) Both Statement I ad Statement II are true
(c) (d)
r 4r (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
43. The time period of a satellite of earth is 24 hours. If the (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
separation between the earth and the satellite is (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
decreased to one fourth of the previous value, then its 49. If earth has a mass nine times and radius twice to the
new time period will become. (JEE Main 2023) v
(a) 4 hours (b) 6 hours of a planet P. Then e xms 1 will be the minimum
3
(c) 12 hours (d) 3 hours
velocity required by a rocket to pull out of
44. If the gravitational field in the space is given as
gravitational force of P, where ve is escape velocity on
 K
  2  . Taking the reference point to be at r = 2cm earth. The value of x is (JEE Main 2023)
 r 
(a) 2 (b) 3
with gravitational potential V  10 J / kg . Find the (c) 18 (d) 1
gravitational potential at r = 3 cm in SI unit (Given, 50. For a body projected at an angle with the horizontal
that K  6 Jcm / kg ) (JEE Main 2023) from the ground, choose the correct statement.
(a) 9 (b) 11
(JEE Main 2023)
(c) 12 (d) 10
45. An object is allowed to fall from a height R above the (a) Gravitational potential energy is maximum at the
earth, where R is the radius of earth. Its velocity when highest point.
it strikes the earth’s surface, ignoring air resistance, (b) The horizontal component of velocity is zero at
will be : v
highest point.
(a) 2 gR (b) gR
(c) The vertical component of momentum is maximum
gR
(c) (d) 2gR at the highest point.
2
46. At a certain depth "d" below surface of earth. value of (d) The kinetic energy (K.E.) is zero at the highest
acceleration due to gravity becomes four times that of point of projectile motion.
its value at a height 3R above earth surface. Where R 51. The escape velocities of two planets A and B are in the
is Radius of earth (Take R = 6400 km). The depth d is ratio 1 : 2. If the ratio of their radii respectively is 1 : 3,
equal to (JEE Main 2023) then the ratio of acceleration due to gravity of planet A
(a) 4560 km (b) 640 km to the acceleration of gravity of planet B will be:
(c) 2560 km (d) 4800 km (JEE Main 2023)
47. A body weight W, is projected vertically upwards from (a) 4/3 (b) 3/2
earth's surface to reach a height above the earth which (c) 2/3 (d) ¾
is equal to nine times the radius of earth. The weight of 52. A planet has double the mass of the earth. Its average
the body at that height will be: density is equal to that of the earth. An object weighing
(JEE Main 2023) W on earth will weigh on that planet:
(a) W/91 (b) W/3 (JEE Main 2023)

2/3
(c) W/100 (d) W/9 (A) 2 W (b) W
(c) 2 W (d) 21/3 W
GRAVITATION 195
53. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as (c) 100 N (d) Zero
Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. 58. The orbital angular momentum of a satellite is L, when
Assertion A: Earth has atmosphere whereas moon it is revolving in a circular orbit at height h from earth
doesn't have any atmosphere. surface. If the distance of satellite from the earth centre
Reason R: The escape velocity in moon is very small is increased by eight times to its initial value, then the
as compared to that on earth. new angular momentum will be - (JEE Main 2023)
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct (a) 3L (b) 8L
answer from the options given below: (c) 9L (d) 4L
(JEE Main 2023) 59. The acceleration due to gravity at height h above the
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct earth if h< (JEE Main 2023)
explanation of A  2h 2 
(b) A is true but R is false (a) g   g 1  2 
 R 
(c) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct
explanation of A  h2 
(b) g   g 1  2 
(d) A is false but R is true  2R 
54. Choose the incorrect statement from the following: h 

(JEE Main 2023) (c) g   g 1  
 2 R
(a) For a planet revolving around the sun in an
elliptical orbit, the total energy of the planet  2h 
(d) g   g 1  
remains constant.  R
(b) When a body falls towards earth, the displacement 60. Assuming the earth to be a sphere of uniform mass
of earth towards the body is negligible. R
density, the weight of a body at a depth d  from
(c) The linear speed of a planet revolving around the 2
sun remains constant. the surface of earth, if its weight on the surface of earth
(d) The speed of satellite in a given circular orbit is 200 N, will be:
remains constant. (Given R = radius of earth) (JEE Main 2023)
55. The weight of a body on the surface of the earth is 100 (a) 100 N (b) 300 N
N. The gravitational force on it when taken at a height, (c) 500 N (d) 400 N
from the surface of earth, equal to one-fourth the 61. Two satellites of masses m and 3m revolve around the
radius of the earth is: (JEE Main 2023) earth in circular orbits of radii r & 3r respectively. The
(a) 25 N (b) 100 N ratio of orbital speeds of the satellites respectively as
(c) 50 N (d) 64 N (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 9 : 1 (b) 3 :1
Statement I: If E be the total energy of a satellite
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 3: 1
moving around the earth, then its potential energy will
E Statement I: Rotation of the earth shows effect on the
be .
2 value of acceleration due to gravity (g)
Statement II: The kinetic energy of a satellite Statement II: The effect of rotation of the earth on the
revolving in an orbit is equal to the half the magnitude value of 'g' at the equator is minimum and that at the
of total energy E. pole is maximum.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most In the light of the above statements, choose the correct
appropriate answer from the options given below answer from the options given below
(JEE Main 2023) (JEE Main 2023)
(a) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect (b) Statement I is true but Statement II are false
(c) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct (c) Statement I is false but Statement II are true
(d) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect (d) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
57. The weight of a body on the earth is 400 N. Then
weight of the body when taken to a depth half of the
radius of the earth will be: (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 200 N (b) 300 N
GRAVITATION 196
63. The time period of a satellite, revolving above earth's 69. Two identical particles each of mass 'm' go round a
surface at a height equal to R will be (given R = π2 circle of radius a under the action of their mutual
m/s2, R = radius of earth) (JEE Main 2023) gravitational attraction. The angular speed of each
(a) 4R (b) 2R particle will be: (JEE Main 2023)
(c) 32R (d) 8R Gm Gm

(a) (b)
64. The radii of two planets 'A' and 'B' are 'R' and '4R' and 8a 3 4a 3
their densities are ρ and ρ/3 respectively. The ratio of Gm Gm
(c) (d)
acceleration due to gravity at their surfaces (gA : gB) 2a 3 a3
will be: (JEE Main 2023) 70. A planet having mass 9 Me and radius 4Re, where Me
(a) 1 : 16 (b) 3 : 16 and Re are mass and radius of earth respectively, has
(c) 4 : 3 (d) 3 : 4 escape velocity in km/s given by:
65. A space ship of mass 2×104 kg is launched into a (Given escape velocity of earth Ve = 11.2 × 103 m/s)
circular orbit close to the earth surface. The additional (JEE Main 2023)
velocity to be imparted to the space ship in the orbit to (a) 16.8 (b) 11.2
overcome the gravitational pull will be (if g = 10 m/s2 (c) 33.6 (d) 67.2
and radius of earth = 6400 km): (JEE Main 2023) 71. Two planets A and B of radii R and 1.5 R have
(a) 8  
2  1 km / s densities ρ and ρ/2 respectively. The ratio of
acceleration due to gravity at the surface of B to A is:
(b) 7.9  
2  1 km / s (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 4:3 (b) 2:3
(c) 7.4  2  1 km / s (c) 3:4 (d) 2:1
(d) 11.2  2  1 km / s
Statement I: For a planet, if the ratio of mass of the
66. Two satellites A and B move round the earth in the planet to its radius increases, the escape velocity from
same orbit. The mass of A is twice the mass of B. The the planet also increases.
quantity which is same for the two satellites will be Statement II: Escape velocity is independent of the
(JEE Main 2023) radius of the planet.
(a) Potential energy (b) Total energy In the light of above statements, choose the most
(c) Kinetic energy (d) Speed appropriate answer from the options given below
67. The ratio of escape velocity of a planet to the escape (JEE Main 2023)
velocity of earth will be:- (a) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct
Given: Mass of the planet is 16 times mass of earth and (b) Both Statement I and statement II are incorrect
radius of the planet is 4 times the radius of earth. (c) Both Statement I and statement II are correct
(JEE Main 2023) (d) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect
(a) 2:1 (b) 1:4 1
73. If the earth suddenly shrinks to th of its original
(c) 4:1 (d) 1: 2 64
68. A body is released from a height equal to the radius volume with its mass remaining the same, the period of
(R) of the earth. The velocity of the body when it 24
rotation of earth becomes h . The value of x is
strikes the surface of the earth will be: x
(Given g = acceleration due to gravity on the earth.) __________ (JEE Main 2023)
(JEE Main 2023)
(a) 2gR (b) 4gR
gR
(c) (d) gR
2
GRAVITATION 197

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] (c) 4D/3 (d) 9D/10
8. Four identical point masses each equal to m are
1. The gravitational force between two objects does not
placed at the corners of a square of side a. The force
depend on
on a point mass m’ placed at the point of intersection
(a) Sum of the masses of the two diagonals is:
(b) Product of the masses 4Gmm’ 2Gmm’
(a) (b)
(c) Gravitational constant a2 a2
(d) Distance between the masses Gmm’
(c) (d) zero
2. The mass of the moon is about 1.2% of the mass of a2
the earth. Compared to the gravitational force the
9. Two planets have the same average density, but their
earth exerts on the moon, the gravitational force the
radii are R1 and R2. If acceleration due to gravity at
moon exerts on earth
surface on these planets are g1 and g2 respectively,
(a) is the same (b) is smaller then
(c) is greater (d) varies with its phase g1 R1 g1 R2
(a)  (b) 
3. Three identical point masses, each of mass 1 kg lie in g 2 R2 g 2 R1
the x-y plane at points (0, 0), (0, 0.2m) and (0.2m, 0).
The net gravitational force on the mass at the origin g1 R12 g1 R13
(c)  (d) 
is g 2 R22 g 2 R23
 
(a) 1.67 109 iˆ  ˆj N  
(b) 3.34 1010 iˆ  ˆj N 10. An iron ball and a wooden ball of the same radius are
released from a height ‘h’ in vacuum. The time taken
by both of them to reach the ground is
(c) 1.67 109 iˆ  ˆj  N (d) 3.34 1010 iˆ  ˆj  N (a) Unequal (b) Exactly equal
4. Four particles of masses m, 2m, 3m and 4m are kept (c) Roughly equal (d) Zero
in sequence at the corners of a square of side a. The 11. The correct answer to above question is based on
magnitude of gravitational force acting on a particle
(a) Acceleration due to gravity in vacuum is same
of mass m placed at the centre of the square will be
irrespective of size and mass of the body
24m2G 6m2 G (b) Acceleration due to gravity in vacuum depends
(a) (b)
a2 a2 on the mass of the body
4 2Gm2 (c) There is no acceleration due to gravity in vacuum
(c) (d) zero (d) In vacuum there is resistance offered to the
a2
motion of the body and this resistance depends on the
5. If the distance between two masses is doubled, the
mass of the body
gravitational attraction between them
12. A body weighs 700 gm wt on the surface of the earth.
(a) is doubled How much will it weigh on the surface of a planet
(b) becomes four times 1
whose mass and radius is th and half of the earth
(c) is reduced to half 7
(d) is reduced to a quarter respectively.
6. The gravitational force between two stones of mass (a) 200 gm wt (b) 400 gm wt
1 kg each separated by a distance of 1 metre in (c) 50 gm wt (d) 300 gm wt
vacuum is 13. Assume that the acceleration due to gravity on the
-5
(a) zero (b) 6.675 × 10 newton surface of the moon is 0.2 times the acceleration due
(c) 6.675 × 10-11 newton (d) 6.675 × 10-8 newton to gravity on the surface of the earth. If Re is the
7. The distance of the centres of moon and earth is D. maximum range of a projectile on the earth's surface,
The mass of earth is 81 times the mass of the moon. what is the maximum range on the surface of the
At what distance from the centre of the earth, the moon for the same velocity of projection
gravitational force will be zero (a) 0.2 Re (b) 2 Re
(a) D/2 (b) 2D/3 (c) 0.5 Re (d) 5 Re
GRAVITATION 198
14. The escape velocity for a body projected vertically 20. At what height above the earth’s surface does the
upwards from the surface of the earth is 11.2 km s-1. acceleration due to gravity fall to 1% of its value at
If the body is projected in a direction making an the earth’s surface?
angle 45° with the vertical, the escape velocity will (a) 9 R (b) 10 R
be: (c) 99 R (d) 100 R
11.2 21. At what height above the earth’s surface is the
(a) km s 1 (b) 11.2  2 km s 1 acceleration due to gravity 1% less than its value at
2
the surface? [R = 6400 km]
(c) 11.2 × 2 km s-1 (d) 11.2 km s-1 (a) 16 km (b) 32 km
15. A spring balance is graduated on sea level. If a body
(c) 64 km (d) 32 2 km
is weighed with this balance at consecutively
increasing heights from earth’s surface, the weight 22. At what depth below the surface of the earth
indicated by the balance acceleration due to gravity will be half its value at
1600 km above the surface of the earth?
(a) Will go on increasing continuously
(a) 4.3 × 106 m (b) 2.4 × 106 m
(b) Will go on decreasing continuously
(c) Will remain same (c) 3.2 × 106 m (d) 1.6 × 106 m
23. The rotation of the earth about its axis speeds up
(d) Will first increase and then decrease
such that a man on the equator becomes weightless.
16. An object weights 72 N on earth’s surface. Its weight In such a situation, what would be the duration of
at a height of R/2 from earth is one day?
(a) 32 N (b) 56 N 1
(a) 2 R / g (b) R/g
(c) 72 N (d) Zero 2
17. The depth d at which the value of acceleration due to 1
(c) 2 Rg (d) Rg
1 2
gravity becomes times the value at the surface, is
n 24. There are two bodies of same material of masses 103
[R = radius of the earth] kg and 105 kg separated by a distance of 1 km. At
R  n 1  what distance from the smaller body, the intensity of
(a) (b) R   gravitational field will be zero
n  n 
(a) 1/9 km (b) 1/10 km
R  n  (c) 1/11 km (d) 10/11 km
(c) (d) R  
n2  n 1  25. In some region, the gravitational field is zero. The
18. At what distance from the centre of the earth, the gravitational potential in this region
value of acceleration due to gravity g will be half that (a) Must be variable (b) Must be constant
on the surface (R = radius of earth) (c) Cannot be zero (d) Must be zero
(a) 2R (b) R 26. Two concentric shells of mass M1 and M2 are having
radii r1 and r2. Which of the following is the correct
(c) 1.414 R (d) 0.5 R
expression for the gravitational field (I) on a mass m?
19. Suppose a vertical tunnel is dug along the diameter
of earth assumed to be a sphere of uniform mass
having density  . If a body of mass m is thrown in
this tunnel, its acceleration at a distance y from the
centre is given by
G  M1  M 2 
(a) I  for r  r1
r2
G  M1  M 2 
(b) I  for r  r2
r2
4 3
(a) G  ym (b)  G  y M2
3 4 (c) I  G for r1  r  r2
r2
4 4 GM
(c)  y (d)  G y (d) I  2 1 for r1  r  r2
3 3
r
GRAVITATION 199
27. A spherical shell is cut into two pieces along a chord GMm 23 GMm
as shown in the figure. P is a point on the plane of (c) (d)
8R 2 100 R 2
the chord. The gravitational field at P due to the
upper part is I1 and that due to the lower part is I2. 31. A solid sphere of uniform density and radius R
What is the relation between them? applies a gravitational force of attraction equal to F1
on a particle placed at a distance 2R from the centre
of the sphere. A spherical cavity of radius R/2 is now
made in the sphere as shown in the figure. The
sphere with the cavity now applies a gravitational
force F2 on the same particle. The ratio F1/F2 is
(a) I1 > I2 (b) I1 < I2

(c) I1 = I2 (d) No definite relation
28. A particle of mass m is placed inside a spherical
shell, away from its centre. The mass of the shell is 1 3
(a) (b)
M. 2 4
(a) The particle will move towards the centre. 7 9
(b) The particle will move away from the centre, (c) (d)
8 7
towards the nearest wall.
32. The following figure shows two shells of masses m1
(c) The particle will move towards the centre if
and m2. The shells are concentric. At which point, a
m < M, and away from the centre if m > M.
particle of mass m shall experience zero force?
(d) The particle will remain stationary.
29. A uniform ring of mass m and radius r is placed
directly above a uniform sphere of mass M and of
equal radius. The centre of the ring is at a distance
3r from the centre of the sphere. The gravitational
force exerted by the sphere on the ring will be
GMm GMm
(a) (b)
8r 2
4r 2
3 GMm GMm (a) A (b) B
(c) 2
(d) (c) C (d) D
8r 16r 2
30. A solid sphere of radius R/2 is cut out of a solid 33. A solid sphere of uniform density and mass M has
sphere of radius R such that the spherical cavity so radius 4 m. Its centre is at the origin of the coordinate
formed touches the surface on one side and the centre system. Two spheres of radii 1 m are taken out so,
of the sphere on the other side, as shown. The initial that their centres are at P (0, –2, 0) and Q (0, 2, 0),
mass of the solid sphere was M. If a particle of mass respectively. This leaves two spherical cavities. What
m is placed at a distance 2.5 R from the centre of the is the gravitational field at the origin of the
cavity, then what is the gravitational attraction on the coordinate axes?
mass m?
31GM Gm
(a) (b)
GMm GMm 1024 1024
(a) (b)
R2 2R2 (c) 31 GM (d) zero
GRAVITATION 200
34. Gravitational field at the centre of a semicircle 38. Three particles each of mass 100 gm are brought
formed by a thin wire AB of mass m and length l is: from a very large distance to the vertices of an
equilateral triangle whose side is 20 cm in length.
The work done will be
(a) 0.33 × 10-11 Joule (b) – 0.33 × 10-11 Joule
(c) 1.00 × 10-11 Joule (d) –1.00 × 10-11 Joule
39. The change in potential energy, when a body of mass
Gm Gm m is raised to a height nR from the earth’s surface is
(a) 2 along + x axis (b) along +y axis
  2 (R = Radius of earth)
2 Gm 2 Gm n
(c) along + x axis (d) along + y axis (a) mgR (b) nmgR
 2
2 n 1
35. Two identical thin uniform rods of mass m and n2 n
length L are placed as shown in figure. The (c) mgR (d) mgR
n2  1 n 1
gravitational interaction force between the two rods
is 40. What impulse need to be given to a body of mass m,
released from the surface of earth along a straight
tunnel passing through centre of earth, at the centre
of the earth, to bring it to rest. (Mass of earth M,
Gm2 Gm2 radius or earth R)
(a) (b)
4 L2 2 L2 GM GMm
(a) m (b)
Gm 2
Gm 2
4 R R
(c) (d) n  
9 L2 L2
3 GM
(c) m (d) zero
36. Two rings having masses M and 2M, respectively, 2R
having same radius are placed coaxially as shown in 41. Two bodies of masses m and M are placed a distance
figure. d apart. The gravitational potential at the position
where the gravitational field due to them is zero is V,
then
G Gm
(a) V   m  M  (b) V  
d d
GM G 2
(c) V  
d
(d) V  
d
 m M 
42. P is a point at a distance r from the centre of a
If the mass distribution on both the rings is non- spherical shell of mass M and radius a, where r < a.
uniform, the gravitational potential at point P is The gravitational potential at P is
GM  1 2  GM GM
(a)   (a)  (b) 

R  2  r a
5
GM  2
r ar 
(b)  (c) GM (d) GM  2 
R 1  2  a2  a 
 
(c) zero
(d) cannot be determined from given information
37. The magnitude of gravitational potential energy of a
body at a distance r from the centre of earth is u. Its
weight at a distance 2r from the centre of earth is
u u
(a) (b)
r 4r
u 4r
(c) (d)
2r u
GRAVITATION 201
43. P is a point at a distance r from the centre of a solid 46. The escape velocity for the earth is 11.2 km/sec. The
sphere of radius a. The gravitational potential at P is mass of another planet is 100 times that of the earth
V. If V is plotted as a function of r, which is the and its radius is 4 times that of the earth. The escape
correct curves? velocity for this planet will be
(a) (a) 112.0 km/s (b) 5.6 km/s
(c) 280.0 km/s (d) 56.0 km/s
47. The ratio of the radii of planets A and B is k1 and
ratio of acceleration due to gravity on them is k2. The
ratio of escape velocities from them will be
(a) k1k2 (b) k1k2
(b) k1 k2
(c) (d)
k2 k1
48. For a satellite escape velocity is 11 km/s. If the
satellite is launched at an angle of 60° with the
vertical, then escape velocity will be
(a) 11 km/s (b) 11 3 km/s
11
(c) km/s (d) 33 km/s
(c) 3
49. A person sitting in a chair in a satellite feels
weightless because
(a) The earth does not attract the objects in a satellite
(b) The normal force by the chair on the person
balances the earth’s attraction
(c) The normal force is zero
(d) (d) The person in satellite is not accelerated
50. Planetary system in the solar system describes
(a) Conservation of energy
(b) Conservation of linear momentum
(c) Conservation of angular momentum
(d) None of these
51. A satellite S is moving in an elliptical orbit around
44. The gravitational potential due to the earth at infinite the earth. The mass of the satellite is very small
distance from it is zero. Let the gravitational compared to the mass of earth
potential at a point P be –5 J/kg. Suppose we
(a) The acceleration of S is always directed towards
arbitrarily assume that the gravitational potential at
the centre of the earth
infinity to be + 10 J/kg, then the gravitational
potential at P will be (b) The angular momentum of S about the centre of
the earth changes in direction but its magnitude
(a) –5 J/kg (b) +5 J/kg
remains constant
(c) –15 J/kg (d) +15 J/kg
(c) The total mechanical energy of S varies
45. A person brings a mass of 1 kg from infinity to a periodically with time
point A. Initially the mass was at rest but it moves
(d) The linear momentum of S remains constant in
with a speed of 2 m/s as it reaches A. The work done
magnitude
by the person on the mass is – 3 J. The potential of A
is
(a) – 3 J/kg (b) – 2 J/kg
(c) – 5 J/kg (d) – 7 J/kg
GRAVITATION 202
52. Inside a satellite orbiting very close to the earth’s 58. If orbital velocity of planet is given by v = Ga Mb Rc,
surface, water does not fall out of a glass when it is then
inverted. Which of the following is the best
explanation for this? 1 1 1
(a) a  , b  , c  
3 3 3
(a) The earth does not exert any force on the water.
(b) The earth’s force of attraction on the water is 1 1 1
(b) a  ,b  ,c 
exactly balanced by the force created by the 2 2 2
satellite’s motion.
1 1 1
(c) The water and the glass have the same (c) a  ,b  ,c
acceleration, equal to g, towards the centre of the 2 2 2
earth, and hence there is no relative motion 1 1 1
between them (d) a  ,b ,c
2 2 2
(d) The gravitation attraction between the glass and
the water balances the earth’s attraction on the 59. Two satellites of same mass are launched in the same
water. orbit of radius r around the earth so as to rotate
opposite to each other. If they collide inelastically
53. If a small part separates from an orbiting satellite, the
and stick together as wreckage, the total energy of
part will
the system just after collision is
(a) fall to the earth directly
(b) move in a spiral and reach the earth after few 2GMm GMm
(a)  (b) 
rotations r r
(c) continue to move in the same orbit as the satellite GMm
(c) (d) zero
(d) move farther away from the earth gradually 2r
54. If ve and v0 represent the escape velocity and orbital 60. Energy required in moving a body of mass m from a
velocity, respectively, of a satellite corresponding to distance 2R to 3R from centre of earth of mass M is
a circular orbit of radius R, then
(a) ve = v0 GMm GMm
(a) (b)
12 R 2 3R 2
(b) 2vo  ve
GMm GMm
(c) ve  v0 / 2 (c) (d)
8R 6R
(d) ve and v0 are not related 61. A satellite whose mass is m, is revolving in circular
55. Two satellites of masses m1 and m2 (m1 > m2) are orbit of radius r around the earth. Time of revolution
revolving round the earth in circular orbits of radius of satellite is [mass of earth is M]
r1 and r2(r1 > r2) respectively. Which of the following
statements is true regarding their speeds v1 and v2? r5 r3
(a) T  (b) T 
(a) v1 = v2 (b) v1 < v2 GM GM
v1 v2
(c) v1 > v2 (d)  r r3
r1 r2 (c) T  (d) T 
GM 2 / 3 GM 1 / 4
56. A satellite is moving around the earth with speed v in
a circular orbit of radius r. If the orbit radius is 62. The distances of two satellites from the surface of the
decreased by 1%, its speed will earth are R and 7R. Their time periods of rotation are
in the ratio:
(a) Increase by 1% (b) Increase by 0.5%
(c) Decrease by 1% (d) Decrease by 0.5% (a) 1 : 7 (b) 1 : 8
57. Two satellite A and B go round a planet P in circular (c) 1 : 49 (d) 1 : 73/2
orbits having radii 4R and R respectively. If the
speed of the satellite A is 3v, the speed of the
satellite B will be
(a) 12 v (b) 6 v
4 3
(c) v (d) v
3 2
GRAVITATION 203
63. The figure shows the motion of a planet around the 67. Which of the following statements is/are true about
sun in an elliptical orbit with sun at the focus. The the gravitational constant G?
shaded areas A and B are also shown in the figure (a) G is a dimensionless number.
which can be assumed to be equal. If t1 and t2
(b) The value of G is the same anywhere in the
represent the time for the planet to move from a to b universe.
and d to c respectively, then
(c) G has the same value in all systems of units.
b
a (d) The value of G does not depend on the nature of
A
the medium between the two bodies.
S
68. The value of the acceleration due to gravity g on
B earth depends upon
d c
(a) the mass of the earth
(a) t1  t2 (b) t1  t2 (b) the average radius of the earth
(c) t1  t2 (d) t1  t2 (c) the average density of the earth
64. The earth E moves in an elliptical orbit with the sun (d) none of the above quantities
S at one of the foci as shown in figure. Its speed of 69. Choose the correct statement (s) from the following
motion will be maximum at the point (a) The gravitational forces between two particles are
C an action and reaction pair.
E
(b) Gravitation constant (G) is scalar but acceleration
A B
S due to gravity (g) is a vector.
(c) The values of G and g are to be determined
D
experimentally.
(a) C (b) A (d) G and g are constant everywhere.
(c) B (d) D 70. Choose the correct statement (s) from the following
65. Four particles, each of mass M move along a circle (a) The magnitude of the gravitational force between
of radius R under the action of their mutual two bodies of mass 1 kg each and separated by a
gravitational attraction. The speed of each particle is distance of 1 m is 9.8 N.
GM GM (b) Higher the value of the escape velocity for a
(a) (b) 2 2
R R planet, the higher is the abundance of lighter
gases in its atmosphere.
GM GM  2 2 1
(c)
R

2 2 1  (d)
R
  (c) The gravitational force of attraction between two
 4  bodies of ordinary mass is not noticeable because
the value of the gravitation constant is extremely
small.
Objective Questions II (d) Force of friction arises due to gravitational
attraction.
[One or more than one correct option]
71. Choose the wrong statement (s) from the following
66. The magnitudes of the gravitational field at distance
(a) It is possible to shield a body from the
r1 and r2 from the centre of a uniform sphere of
gravitational field of another body by using a
radius R and mass M are F1 and F2 respectively. Then
thick shielding material between them.
F1 r1
(a)  if r1  R and r2  R (b) The escape velocity of a body is independent of
F2 r2 the mass of the body and the angle of projection.
F1 r22 (c) The acceleration due to gravity increases due to
(b)  if r1  R and r2  R the rotation of the earth.
F2 r12
(d) The gravitational force exerted by the earth on a
F1 r1 body is greater than that exerted by the body on
(c)  if r1  R and r2  R
F2 r2 the earth.
F1 r12
(d)  if r1  R and r2  R
F2 r22
GRAVITATION 204
72. A comet is revolving around the sun in a highly 78. Let V and E denote the gravitational potential and
elliptical orbit. Which of the following will remain gravitational field at a point. It is possible to have
constant throughout its orbit? (a) V  0 and E  0 (b) V  0 and E  0
(a) Kinetic energy (c) V  0 and E  0 (d) V  0 and E  0
(b) Potential energy
79. An orbiting satellite will escape if
(c) Total energy
(a) its speed is increased by 41%
(d) Angular momentum
73. The weight of an object will be
(b) its speed in the orbit is made 1.5 times of its
initial value
(a) zero at the centre of the earth
(c) its KE is doubled
(b) one-fourth of its value at sea level at a height
equal to the radius of the earth above its surface. (d) it stops moving in the orbit
80. An astronaut, inside an earth satellite, experiences
(c) same in all satellites
weightlessness because
(d) same at all points on the surface of the earth (a) no external force is acting on him
74. For two satellites at distance R and 7R above the (b) he is falling freely
earth’s surface, the ratio of their
(c) no reaction is exerted by floor of the satellite
(a) total energies is 4 and potential and kinetic (d) he is far away from earth’s surface
energies is 2
81. If the radius of the earth suddenly decreases to 80%
(b) potential energies is 4 of its present value, the mass of the earth remaining
(c) kinetic energies is 4 the same, the value of the acceleration due to gravity
(d) total energies is 4 will
(a) remain unchanged
75. A satellite is orbiting the earth in a circular orbit of
radius r. Its 9.8
(b) become ms 2
(a) kinetic energy varies as 1/r 0.64
(c) increase by 36%
(b) angular momentum varies as 1 / r
(d) increase by about 56%
(c) linear momentum varies as 1 / r 82. Which of the following are correct?
3/2 (a) Escape velocity tells us how fast an object needs
(d) frequency of revolution varies as 1/r
to go to escape the planet’s gravity.
76. An object is taken from a point P to another point Q
(b) The time period of a geostationary satellite is 24
in a gravitational field
h.
(a) Assuming the earth to be spherical, if both P and (c) If a satellite revolves close to the earth’s surface,
Q lie on earth’s surface the work done is zero
then velocity of the satellite is gR
(b) If P is on earth’s surface and Q above it, the work
done is minimum when it is taken along the (d) When a satellite is revolving around the earth in a
straight-line PQ fixed orbit, its linear momentum changes
continuously.
(c) The work done depends only on the position of P
and Q and is independent of the path along which
the particle is taken 83. A sky lab of mass 4 × 103 kg is first launched from
(d) There is no net work done if the object is taken the surface of earth in a circular orbit of radius 2R
from P to Q and then brought back to P, along and then it is shifted from this circular orbit to
another circular orbit of radius 3R. Calculate the
any path
minimum energy (in 108 J) required to shift the lab
77. Consider a planet moving in an elliptical orbit around from first orbit to the second orbit. R = 6450 km, g =
the sun. The work done on the planet by the 10 m/s2
gravitational force of the sun 84. Distance between the centres of two stars is 10 a. The
(a) is zero in any small part of the orbit. masses of these stars are M and 16M and their radii a
(b) is zero in some parts of the orbit. and 2a respectively. A body of mass m is fired straight
from the surface of the larger star towards the smaller
(c) is zero in complete revolution star. What should be its minimum initial speed (in km/s)
(d) is zero in no part of the motion to reach the surface of the smaller star?
(M = 6 × 1022 kg, a = 2000 km, G  6 1011 )
GRAVITATION 205
85. A man can jump vertically to a height of 1.5 m on the 92. Assertion: The time period of revolution of a
earth. Calculate the radius of a planet of the same satellite close to surface of earth is smaller than that
mean density as that of the earth from whose revolving away from surface of earth.
gravitational field he could escape by jumping. Reason: The square of time period of revolution of a
19.22 satellite is directly proportional to cube of its orbital
Radius of earth is  106 m .
3 radius.
86. Three particles of mass m each are placed at the three (a) A (b) B
corners of an equilateral triangle of side a. Find the (c) C (d) D
work (in 1010 J) which should be done on this 93. Assertion: Generally, the path of a projectile from
system to increase the sides of the triangle to 2a. the earth is parabolic but it is elliptical for projectiles
20 going to a very large height.
(m = 5 kg, a = 10 cm, G   10 11 )
3 Reason: The path of a projectile is independent of
the gravitational force of earth.
87. Earth is a sphere of uniform mass density. How
much would a body weigh (in N) half-way down the (a) A (b) B
centre of earth if it weighed 100 N on the surface? (c) C (d) D
88. An infinite collection of equal masses of 2 kg are 94. Assertion: We cannot move even a finger without
kept on a horizontal line (x–axis) at positions x = 1, disturbing all the stars.
2, 4, 8, ...... Find the magnitude of gravitational Reason: Everybody in this universe attracts every
potential at x = 0 (in SI units). other body with a force which is inversely
89. Two satellites of mass ratio 1 : 2 are revolving proportional to the square of distance between them.
around the earth in circular orbits such that the (a) A (b) B
distance of the second satellite is four times as
(c) C (d) D
compared to the distance of the first satellite. Find
the ratio of their centripetal force. 95. Statement - 1: Escape velocity is independent of the
angle of projection.
Assertion & Reason
Statement - 2: Escape velocity from the surface of
earth is proportional to R where R is radius of
from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) defined as follows.
earth.
(A) If both Assertion and reason are true and
(a) A (b) B
reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion. (c) C (d) D
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason 96. Statement - 1: Gravitational potential is zero inside
is not the correct explanation of the assertion. a shell.
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false. Statement - 2: Gravitational potential is equal to the
work done in bringing a unit mass from infinity to a
(D) If assertion is false but reason is true. point inside gravitational field.
90. Assertion: If earth suddenly stops rotating about its (a) A (b) B
axis, then the value of acceleration due to gravity (c) C (d) D
will become same at all the places.
97. Statement-1: A spherically symmetric shell
Reason: The value of acceleration due to gravity is produces no gravitational field anywhere.
independent of rotation of earth. Statement-2: The field due to various mass elements
(a) A (b) B cancels out, everywhere inside the shell.
(c) C (d) D (a) A (b) B
91. Assertion: Orbital velocity of a satellite is greater (c) C (d) D
than its escape velocity. 98. Statement-1: Rate of change of weight near the
Reason: Orbit of a satellite is within the gravitational earth’s surface with height h is proportional to h 0 .
field of earth whereas escaping is beyond the Statement-2: Since gravitational potential is given
gravitational field of earth.
GM
(a) A (b) B by V  
r
(c) C (d) D (a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
GRAVITATION 206
99. Statement - 1: Two particles are to be projected 102. Four identical satellites are orbiting in four elliptical
from the surface of earth so that particles just leave orbits having same semi-major axis but different
the gravitational field of earth. One particle is eccentricities. In Column–I some quantities
projected vertically upward and another is at an angle associated with four orbits are given and in Column–
of 45° with vertical. Speed given to both particles is II the words which can give the information about
same. physical quantities mentioned in Column–I. Match
Statement - 2: Escape speed does not depend upon the entries of Column–I with the entries of Column–
angle of projection. II.
(a) A (b) B 4
3
(c) C (d) D
100. Statement - 1: For a satellite revolving very near to 1 E 2
earth’s surface the time period of revolution is given r1 r2
by 1 hour 24 min.
Statement - 2: The period of revolution of a satellite
depends only upon its height above the earth’s r1 r2
surface.
(a) A (b) B Column–I Column–II
(c) C (d) D
(A) Total energy of (P) Same
all four orbits
Match the Following (B) Speed of satellite (Q) Different
Each question has two columns. Four options are given in all four orbits
representing matching of elements from Column-I and (C) Velocity of (R) Constant
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds satellite in all
to a correct matching. four orbits
For each question, choose the option corresponding (D) Angular (S) Varying
to the correct matching. momentum of
satellites about
101. For a planet orbiting about sun in elliptical orbit,
centre of earth in
some incomplete statements regarding physical
all four orbits
quantities are given in Column–I, which can be
completed by using entries of Column–II. Match the 103. Considering earth to be a homogeneous sphere but
entries of Column–I with the entries of Column–II. keeping in mind its spin, match the following:
Column–I Column–II Column–I Column–II
(A) Maximum PE of (P) is at perihelion.
(A) Acceleration due (P) May change
sun planet
to gravity from point to
system
point.
(B) Maximum speed (Q) is at aphelion
(B) Orbital angular (Q) Does not depend
of planet
momentum of on direction of
(C) Minimum PE of (R) is independent of the earth as seen projection
sun planet mass of planet from a distant
system star
(D) Minimum (S) is dependent on (C) Escape velocity (R) Remains
kinetic energy of semi-major axis from the earth constant
planet of orbit.
(D) Gravitational (S) Depend on
potential due to direction of
earth at a projection
particular point
GRAVITATION 207
Paragraph Type Questions Using the following Passage, solve Q. 107 to Q.113
Using the following Passage, solve Q. 104 to Q. 106 Passage
Passage The satellites when launched from earth are not
In the graph shown, the PE of earth-satellite system is given the orbital velocity initially, in practice, a
shown multi-stage rocket propeller carries the spacecraft up
by solid line as a function of distance r (the separation to its orbit and during each stage rocket has been
between earth's centre and satellite). The total energy of two fired to increase the velocity to acquire the desired
objects which may or may not be bounded to earth are velocity for a particular orbit. The last stage of the
shown rocket brings the satellite in circular/elliptical
in figure by dotted lines. (desired) orbit.
Consider a satellite of mass 150 kg in low circular
orbit, in this orbit, we can't neglect the effect of air
drag. This air drag opposes the motion of satellite
and hence total mechanical energy of earth-satellite
system decreases means total energy becomes more
negative and hence orbital radius decreases which
causes the increase in KE. When the satellite comes
in enough low orbit, the excessive thermal energy
generation due to air friction may cause the satellite
104. Mark the correct statement(s)
to burn up.
(a) The object having total energy E1 is bounded one. 107. What is the reason that during launching of satellite,
(b) The object having total energy E2 is bounded one. while crossing the atmosphere it doesn't get burnt,
but while falling down towards earth or if orbiting in
(c) Both the objects are bounded. lower orbit, it gets burnt up?
(d) Both the objects are unbounded. (a) While going up air friction force doesn't come
into existence
105. If object having total energy E1 is having same PE
curve as shown in figure, then (b) While going up satellite is with launching vehicle
whose speed is controllable
(a) r0 is the maximum distance of object from earth's
(c) While going up space-craft is protecting the
centre
satellite from air friction by itself getting burned
(b) this object and earth system is bounded one (d) None of these
(c) the KE of the object is zero when r = r0 108. What would be the motion of satellite if air drag has
to be considered?
(d) all the above
(a) Moves with uniform speed in the launching orbit
106. If both the object have same PE curve as shown in (b) Orbital radius decreases continuously as a result
figure, then moves with non-uniform velocity in elliptical
(a) for object having total energy E2 all values of r orbit
are possible (c) Orbital radius decreases continuously and hence
collapses with earth after some time in random
(b) for object having total energy E2 values of r < r0
manner and there is equal chance of burning up
are only possible the satellite due to air friction also
(c) for object having total energy E1 all values of r (d) Moves with non-uniform speed in the launching
are possible orbit
(d) none of these 109. It has been mentioned in passage that as r decreases,
E decreases but K increases. The increase in K is
[E = Total mechanical energy, r = Orbital radius,
K = Kinetic energy] is
(a) due to increase in gravitational PE
(b) due to decrease in gravitational PE
(c) due to work done by air friction force
(d) both (b) and (c)
GRAVITATION 208
110. If due to air drag, the orbital radius of earth decreases

Using the following Passage, solve Q. 114 to Q.115
from R to R – R , R << R, then the expression for
increase in orbital velocity Dv is Passage
R GM R GM The minimum and maximum distances of a satellite

(a) (b)  from the centre of the earth are 2R and 4R,
2 R3 2 R3
respectively, where R is the radius of earth and M is
GM GM the mass of the earth.
(c) R (d) R
R3 R3 114. The minimum and maximum speeds
111. For information given in above question, the change GM 2GM GM 3GM
in KE,  K is (a) , (b) ,
9R R 5R 2R
GMm GMm
(a)   R (b)  R GM 2GM GM 5GM
R2 R2 (c) , (d) ,
6R 3R 3R 2R
GMm GMm
(c) R (d)   R 115. Radius of curvature at the point of minimum distance
2R 2 2R 2 is
112. For information given in question no.110, the change
8R 5R
in PE, U is (a) (b)
3 3
GMm GMm
(a)  R (b) R 4R 7R
R2 R2 (c) (d)
3 3
GMm GMm
(c) R (d)  R
2R 2 2R2
113. For information given in question no. 110, the work
done by air friction force W, is
GMm GMm
(a)  R (b) R
R2 R2
GMm GMm
(c) R (d)  R
2R 2 2R2
where M is the mass of earth and m is mass of
satellite.
Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] 5. A spherically symmetric gravitational system of
  for r  R
1. A satellite S is moving in an elliptical orbit around particles has a mass density    0 where
the earth. The mass of the satellite is very small  0 for r  R
compared to the mass of the earth (1998) 0 is a constant. A test mass can undergo circular
(a) the acceleration of S is always directed towards motion under the influence of the gravitational field
the centre of the earth. of particles. Its speed v as a function of distance r
(b) the angular momentum of S about the centre of from the centre of the system is represented by
the earth changes in direction, but its magnitude (2008)
remains constant (a)
(c) the total mechanical energy of S varies
periodically with time.
(d) the linear momentum of S remains constant in
magnitude.
2. A simple pendulum has a time period T1 on the
earth’s surface and T2 when taken to a height R
above the earth’s surface, where R is the radius of the
(b)
T
earth. The value of 2 is: (2001)
T1
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 2
3. A geostationary satellite orbits around the earth in a
circular orbit of radius 36,000 km. Then, the time
period of a spy satellite orbiting a few hundred km
above the earth's surface  Re  6400 km  will (c)
approximately be (2002)
1
(a) h (b) 1 h
2
(c) 2 h (d) 4 h
4. A double star system consists of two stars A and B
which have time periods TA and TB . Radius
RA and RB and mass M A and M B . Choose the (d)
correct option. (2006)
(a) If TA  TB then RA  RB
(b) If TA  TB then M A  M B
2 3
T   R 
(c)  A    A 
 TB   RB 
(d) TA  TB
6. A satellite is moving with a constant speed v in a 3R R
circular orbit about the earth. An object of mass m is (a) (b)
5 6
ejected from the satellite such that it just escapes from
the gravitational pull of the earth. At the time of its 6R 5R
(c) (d)
ejection, the kinetic energy of the object is: 5 6
(2011) Objective Questions II
1 2 [One or more than one correct option)
(a) mv (b) mv 2
2
10. Two bodies, each of mass M, are kept fixed with a
3 separation 2L. A particle of mass m is projected from
(c) mv 2 (d) 2mv 2
2 the mid-point of the line joining their centres,

1 perpendicular to the line. The gravitational constant is
7. A planet of radius R   (radius of Earth) has the G. The correct statement(s) is (are):
10
(2013)
same mass density as Earth. Scientists dig a well of
R (a) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to
depth on it and lower a wire of the same length escape the gravitational field of the two bodies is
5
3 1 GM
and of linear mass density 10 kgm into it. If the 4
L
wire is not touching anywhere, the force applied at
the top of the wire by a person holding it in place is (b) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to
escape the gravitational field of the two bodies is
(take the radius of Earth  6  10 6 m and the
acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 10 ms–2) GM
2
L
(2014) (c) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to
(a) 96 N (b) 108 N escape the gravitational field of the two bodies is
(c) 120 N (d) 150 N 2GM
8. Consider a spherical gaseous cloud of mass density ρ L
(r) in a free space where r is the radial distance from (d) The energy of the mass m remains constant.
its centre. The gaseous cloud is made of particles of
equal mass m moving in circular orbits about their
common centre with the same kinetic energy K. The Numerical Value Type Questions
force acting on the particles is their mutual R
gravitational force. If ρ(r) is constant in time. The 11. There is a crater of depth on the surface of the
100
 (r ) moon (radius R). A projectile is fired vertically
particle number density n ( r )  is:
m upward from the crater with a velocity, which is equal
(G = universal gravitational constant) to the escape velocity v from the surface of the moon.
Find the maximum height attained by the projectile.
(2019)
Quote your answer in multiple of R (2003)
K K
(a) (b) 12. Gravitational acceleration on the surface of a planet is
6 r 2 m 2 G  r 2 m2G
6
3K K g , where g is the gravitational acceleration on
(c) (d) 11
 r 2 m2G 2 r 2 m 2 G the surface of the earth. The average mass density of
9. Two satellites P and Q are moving in different 2
circular orbits around the earth (radius R ). The the planet is times that of the earth. If the escape
3
heights of P and Q from the Earth surface are hP and speed on the surface of the earth is taken to be
R 11 kms 1 , the escape speed on the surface of the
hQ , respectively, where hP 
. The accelerations of
3 planet in kms 1 will be (2010)
P and Q due to Earth’s gravity are g P and gQ ,
g P 36
respectively. If  , what is the value of hQ ?
g Q 25 13. A large spherical mass M is fixed at one position and
(2023) two identical point masses m are kept on a line
passing through the Centre of M (see figure). The For the following questions choose the correct answer
point masses are connected by rigid massless rod of from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) defined as follows.
length l and this assembly is free to move along the
line connecting them. All three masses interact only (A) If Statement–I is true, Statement–II is true;
through their mutual gravitational interaction. When Statement–II is the correct explanation for
the point mass nearer to M is at a distance r  3l Statement–I.
from M, the tension in the rod is zero for (B) If Statement–I is true, Statement–II is true;
 M  Statement–II is not a correct explanation for
m k  . The value of k is
 288  Statement–I.
(2015) (C) If Statement–I is true; Statement–II is false.
(D) If Statement–I is false; Statement–II is true.
17. Statement–I: An astronaut in an orbiting space
station above the earth experiences weightlessness.
14. A bullet is fired vertically upwards with velocity v Statement–II: An object moving around the earth
from the surface of a spherical planet. When it under the influence of earth's gravitational force is in
reaches its maximum height, its acceleration due to a state of 'free-fall'. (2008)
1
the planet’s gravity is th of its value of the surface (a) A (b) B
4
of the planet. If the escape velocity from the planet is (c) C (d) D
vesc  v N , then the value of N is (ignore energy
loss due to atmosphere) (2015)
15. The distance between two stars of
masses 3M S and 6 M S is 9 R. Here R is the mean
distance between the centers of the Earth and the Sun,
and M s is the mass of the Sun. The two stars orbit
around their common center of mass in circular orbits
with period nT, where T is the period of Earth's
revolution around the Sun.
The value of n is______.
(2021)
16. Two spherical stars A and B have densities  A and
B , respectively. A and B have the same radius, and
their masses MA and MB are related by MB = 2MA.
Due to an interaction process, star A loses some of its
mass, so that its radius is halved, while its spherical
shape is retained and its density remains  A . The
entire mass lost by A is deposited as a thick spheric
shell on B with the density the shell being  A . If vA
and vB are the escape velocities from A and B after
vB 10n
the interaction process, the ratio  1
. The
vA
53
value of n is _____. (2022)
Assertion & Reason

ANSWER KEY 213
Answer Key
CHAPTER -5 WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
EXERCISE - 1 : EXERCISE - 2 :
BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEARS JEE MAIN QUESTIONS
DIRECTION TO USE - DIRECTION TO USE -

Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions. Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) 1. (1.00) 2. (2.00) 3. (10.00) 4. (6.00)

5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (d) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (c)
9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (d) 9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (a) 12. (c)
13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (d) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (b)
17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (c) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (b)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (c) 21. (b) 22. (120.00) 23. (600.00) 24. (5.00)
25. (c) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (a) 25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (40.00)
29. (b) 30.(b) 31. (b) 32. (b) 29. (100.00) 30. (300.00) 31. (4.00) 32. (7.00)
33. (a) 34.(a) 35.(b) 36. (c) 33. (40.00) 34. (132.00) 35. (2.00)
37. (d) 38.(b) 39.(d) 40. (a) 36. (375.00)37. (125.00) 38. (30.00) 39. (75.00)
41. (b) 42.(b) 43.(b) 44. (b) 40. (48.00) 41. (32.00) 42. (300.00)
45. (a) 46.(a) 47.(a) 48. (b) 43. (784.00)44. (30.00) 45. (3.00)
49. (a) 50.(a) 51. (c) 52. (d)
53. (b) 54.(c) 55.(b) 56. (b)
57. (c) 58.(b) 59.(b) 60. (b)
61. (d) 62.(a) 63.(a) 64. (b)
65. (b) 66.(a) 67. (c) 68. (c)
69. (b) 70.(a) 71. (b) 72. (c)
73. (a) 74.(c) 75. (b) 76. (c)
77. (a) 78.(d) 79. (a) 80. (b)
ANSWER KEY 214
CHAPTER -5 WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
EXERCISE - 3: EXERCISE - 4:
ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTION PREVIOUS YEARS JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a)

5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c)
9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (d) 9. (a,d) 10. (a,b,d) 11. (a,d) 12. (7)
13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (b) 13. (8) 14. (5) 15. (5) 16. (5)
17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (c) 17. (c)
21. (c) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (c) 18. [A  P, Q, R, T;B  Q, S; C  P, Q, R, S; D  P, R, T]
25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (b) 19. (b) 20. (a)
29. (b) 30.(b) 31. (b) 32. (c)
33. (d) 34.(a) 35.(a) 36. (a)
37. (a) 38.(b) 39.(b) 40. (b)
41. (b) 42.(a) 43.(c) 44. (d)
45. (a) 46.(c) 47.(a) 48. (c)
49. (c) 50.(a) 51. (a) 52. (d)
53. (c) 54.(d) 55.(a) 56. (d)
57. (c) 58.(d) 59.(a,b,c,d) 60. (a,b)
61. (b,c,d) 62.(a,b) 63.(a,b,c) 64. (b,c)
65. (a,c) 66.(3) 67. (0) 68. (3)
69. (1.2) 70. (a) 71. (a) 72. (a)
73. (a) 74.(c) 75. (d) 76. (d)
77. (a) 78. ( a  s, b  p, c  r, d  p )
79. (a) 80.(b)
ANSWER KEY 215
Answer Key
CHAPTER -6 CIRCULAR MOTION

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b)

5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (a)
9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (c) 9. (24.00) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (c)
13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (b) 13. (40.00) 14. (125.00) 15. (245.00)
17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (8)
21. (20) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (c)
25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (a)
29. (c) 30. (c) 31. (a) 32. (a)
33. (b) 34. (d) 35. (c) 36. (b)
37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (b)
41. (c) 42. (a) 43. (b) 44. (a)
45. (b) 46. (b) 47. (b) 48. (b)
49. (b) 50. (a) 51. (b) 52. (a)
53. (2) 54. (2.5) 55. (b) 56. (b)
57. (d) 58. (b) 59. (c) 60. (c)
61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (a) 64. (d)
65. (a) 66. (b) 67. (c) 68. (c)
69. (c) 70. (c) 71. (c) 72. (c)
73. (a) 74. (d) 75. (b) 76. (b)
77. (d)
ANSWER KEY 216
CHAPTER -6 CIRCULAR MOTION

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (a) 1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d)

5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 5. (d)
9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (d)
13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (a)
17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (d)
21. (a) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (a)
25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (d)
29. (b) 30. (c) 31. (c) 32. (c)
33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (b) 36. (b)
37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (a)
41. (c) 42. (d) 43. (a) 44. (b)
45. (a) 46. (d) 47. (c) 48. (c)
49. (a), (b), (d) 50. (a), (b), (c), (d)
51. (a), (b), (c) 52. (b), (d)
53. (b) (c) 54. (a), (b), (c)
55. (b), (d) 56. (5)
57. 10 58. (90)
59. 0.2 60. 40
ANSWER KEY 217
Answer Key
CHAPTER -7 CENTRE OF MASS, MOMENTUM AND COLLISION

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 1.(1.00) 2.(1.00) 3.(30.00)

4.(4.00) 5.(b) 6.(b) 7. (c)
5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b)
8.(c) 9.(d) 10.(a) 11. (a)
9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (d) 12. (d) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (8.00)
13. (b) 14. (11/12) 15. (2.4) 16. (c)
16. (2.00) 17. (6.00) 18. (c) 19. (c)
17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (c) 20. (d) 21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (c)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (a) 24. (a) 25. (17.00) 26. (4.00) 27. (40.00)
25. (6) 26. (0) 27. (10) 28. (d) 28. (10.00) 29. (5.00)
29. (d) 30. (c) 31. (b) 32. (d)
33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (a) 36. (a)
37. (d) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (d)
41. (d) 42. (c) 43. (d) 44. (b)
45. (c) 46. (a) 47. (c) 48. (a)
49. (c) 50. (c) 51. (c) 52. (5)
53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (d) 56. (a)
57. (b) 58. (b) 59. (a) 60. (b)
61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64. (a)
65. (b) 66. (a) 67. (c) 68. (d)
69. (b) 70. (b) 71. (c) 72. (a)
73. (d) 74. (20) 75. (1) 76. (4.37)
77. (90) 78. (9) 79. (6) 80. (120)
ANSWER KEY 218
CHAPTER -7 CENTRE OF MASS, MOMENTUM AND COLLISION

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a) 1. (c) 2. t0 = 12 second, 15.75 m/s 3.(c)

5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c)
V2
9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (c) 4. mv2 sin tiˆ  m  v2 cos t  v1  ˆj where  
13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (c) R
17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20. (a) 5. (10) 6.(a,d) 7.(a) 8.(b)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11.(c) 12. (a)
25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (b) 13.(a) 14. (a,c) 15.(a) 16. (d)
29. (c) 30. (a) 31. (b) 32. (d) 17.(d) 18. (a) 19.(2.09) 20.(a)
33. (AQ; BP; CR,S; DS) 21.(a, c, d) 22.(a) 23.(30)
34. (a  q, r; b  p, s; c  r; d  p)
35. (a  p, s; b  r, s; c  r; d  p, q, r)
36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (b)
40. (a) 41. (c) 42. (d) 43. (b)
44. (d) 45. (c) 46. (c) 47. (d)
48. (c) 49. (c) 50. (a) 51. (b)
52. (d) 53. (b) 54. (b) 55. (a)
56. (c) 57. (b) 58. (c) 59. (d)
60. (b) 61. (c) 62. (c) 63. (a)
64. (b) 65. (c) 66. (b) 67. (c)
68. (A  P,R; B  R; C  S; D  Q)
69. (a) 70. (d) 71. (c) 72. (a,c)
73. (a,d) 74. (b,c) 75. (b,c) 76. (c,d)
77. (a,d) 78. (b,c) 79. (a,d) 80. (b,d)
81. (a,c,d) 82. (3) 84. (5) 85. (1)
ANSWER KEY 219
Answer Key
CHAPTER -8 ROTATIONAL MOTION

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (a) 1.(d) 2.(d) 3.(b) 4.(c)

5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (a) 5.(d) 6.(c) 7.(a) 8.(d)
9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (b) 9.(c) 10.(b) 11.(a) 12.(c)
13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (b) 13.(8) 14.(20) 15.(82) 16.(3.00)
17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (d) 17.(20) 18.(728) 19. (4) 20. (10.00)
21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (c) 21. (0.66) 22. (5.00) 23. (6.00) 24. (8.00)
25. (a) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (c) 25. (5.00) 26. (5.00) 27. (18.00) 28. (120.00)
29. (c) 30.(b) 31. (d) 32. (c) 29. (3.00) 30. (a) 31. (c) 32. (b)
33. (b) 34.(c) 35.(d) 36. (a) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (b) 36. (c)
37. (a) 38.(b) 39.(a) 40. (c) 37. (d) 38. (c) 39. (d) 40. (110.00)
41. (32.00) 42. (5.00) 43. (800.00) 44. (3.00)
41. (d) 42.(a) 43.(a) 44. (c)
45. (54.00) 46. (5.00) 47. (2.00) 48. (3.00)
45. (c) 46.(a) 47.(b) 48. (b)
49. (176.00) 50. (5.00) 51. (1.00) 52. (3.00)
49. (b) 50.(c) 51. (d) 52. (d)
53. (35.00) 54. (3.00) 55. (2.00) 56. (5.00)
53. (d) 54.(b) 55.(c) 56. (c)
57. (4.00) 58. (15.00)
57. (a) 58.(b) 59.(c) 60. (a)
61. (b) 62.(b) 63.(c) 64. (a)
65. (d) 66.(b) 67. (c) 68. (c)
69. (c) 70.(b) 71. (b) 72. (a)
73. (a) 74.(a) 75. (b)
ANSWER KEY 220
EXERCISE - 3:
ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTION
DIRECTION TO USE -
Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (d) 127.(c) 128.(a) 129.(c) 130.(d)

5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (a) 131.(d) 132.(d) 133.(b) 134.(b)
9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (a) 135.(b) 136.(b)
13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (a) 137. (A  Q; B  P; C  R; D  P, Q, S)
17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (a)
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (a) 138. (A  Q); (B  S);(C  R);(D  P)
25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (b) 139. ( A  P,Q ,R ); ( B  P,Q ,R); (C  P,Q ); ( D  P,Q,R)
29. (a) 30.(d) 31. (d) 32. (b)
140.(c) 141.(a) 142.(d) 143.(c)
33. (c) 34.(c) 35.(d) 36. (c) 144.(c) 145.(a) 146.(d) 147.(c)
37. (b) 38.(d) 39.(a) 40. (a) 148.(b) 149.(c) 150.(b)
41. (c) 42.(d) 43.(c) 44. (a)
45. (c) 46.(b) 47.(a) 48. (c)
49. (b) 50.(a) 51. (b) 52. (b)
53. (c) 54.(a) 55.(a) 56. (c)
57. (c) 58.(a) 59.(b) 60. (d)
61. (a) 62.(c) 63.(b) 64. (b)
65. (b) 66.(d) 67. (d) 68. (b)
69. (b) 70. (d) 71. (a) 72. (b)
73. (b) 74.(b) 75. (a) 76. (b)
77. (d) 78. (b) 79. (a) 80. (c)
81. (c) 82. (c) 83.(d) 84. (a)
85. (d) 86.(a) 87. (a) 88. (d)
89. (c) 90.(b) 91. (b) 92. (c)
93. (b) 94.(a) 95.(d) 96. (c)
97. (b) 98.(d) 99.(a)
100.(a,b,c) 101.(b,c) 102.(a,b,c,d) 103. (a,c,d)
104.(a,b,c) 105.(a,b,d) 106.(b,c,d) 107. (a,d)
108.(a,c,d) 109.(a,b) 110.(c,d) 111. (b,d)
112. (a,b,c,d) 113.(b,c,d) 114.(a,b,d)
115.(a,b,c) 116.(333) 117.(1000) 118.(333)
119.(3) 120.(2) 121.(4) 122.(20)
123.(9) 124.(364) 125. (2) 126. (0)
ANSWER KEY 221
EXERCISE - 4:
PREVIOUS YEARS JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS
DIRECTION TO USE -
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b)

5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (a)
9. (b) 10.(d) 11.(b) 12.(a)
13.(d) 14.(b) 15.(d) 16.(d)
17.(d) 18.(a) 19.(b) 20.(b)
21.(c,d) 22.(a,b,d) 23.(b,c) 24.(b,d)
25.(a,b,d) 26.(a,c) 27.(b,c,d)
28.(a,c,d) 29.(b,d) 30.(a,b,c)
31.(a,b,d) 32.(a,b,c,d) 33.(9) 34.(4)
35.(8) 36.(4) 37.(2) 38.(6)
39.(7) 40.(0.75) 41.(49) 42.(0.18)
43.(0.16) 44.(0.52) 45.(0.286)
46.(d) 47.(c) 48.(a) 49.(b)
50.(d) 51.(d) 52.(c) 53.(d)
54.(c)
ANSWER KEY 222
Answer Key
CHAPTER -9 GRAVITATION

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 1.(c) 2.(b) 3.(b) 4.(b)

5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (a) 5.(a) 6.(c) 7.(b) 8.(b)
9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (a) 12. (d) 9.(c) 10.(a) 11.(b) 12.(c)
13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (a) 13.(c) 14.(c) 15.(10) 16.(4)
17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (a) 17.(3) 18.(64) 19. (b) 20. (a)
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (a) 21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (c)
25. (b) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (d) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (b)
29. (a) 30.(d) 31. (b) 32. (a) 29. (d) 30. (d) 31. (c) 32. (2.00)
33. (c) 34.(b) 35.(a) 36. (a) 33. (2.00) 34. (a) 35. (c) 36. (c)
37. (a) 38.(b) 39.(b) 40. (d) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (c)
41. (a) 42.(d) 43.(c) 44. (c) 41. (a) 42. (d) 43. (d) 44. (b)
45. (b) 46. (d) 47. (c) 48. (c)
45. (a) 46.(d) 47.(b) 48. (b)
49. (a) 50. (a) 51. (d) 52. (d)
49. (d) 50.(c) 51. (d) 52. (d)
53. (a) 54. (c) 55. (d) 56. (b)
53. (c) 54.(c) 55.(b) 56. (c)
57. (a) 58. (a) 59. (d) 60. (a)
57. (c) 58.(d) 59.(c) 60. (a)
61. (b) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64. (d)
61. (c) 62.(b) 63.(d) 64. (a)
65. (a) 66. (d) 67. (a) 68. (d)
65. (d) 66.(c) 67. (b) 68. (b)
69. (b) 70. (a) 71. (c) 72. (d)
69. (a) 70.(b)
73. (16.00)
ANSWER KEY 223
EXERCISE - 3:
ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTION
DIRECTION TO USE -
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 104.(c) 105.(d) 106.(a) 107. (b)

5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (d) 108.(c) 109.(b) 110.(a) 111. (c)
9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (b) 112. (a) 113.(d) 114.(c) 115. (a)
13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (a)
17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20. (a)
21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (c)
25. (b) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (d)
29. (c) 30.(d) 31. (d) 32. (d)
33. (d) 34.(d) 35.(d) 36. (a)
37. (b) 38.(d) 39.(d) 40. (a)
41. (d) 42.(b) 43.(c) 44. (b)
45. (c) 46.(d) 47.(b) 48. (a)
49. (c) 50.(c) 51. (a) 52. (c)
53. (c) 54.(b) 55.(b) 56. (b)
57. (b) 58.(b) 59.(a) 60. (d)
61. (b) 62.(b) 63.(c) 64. (b)
65. (d) 66.(a,b) 67. (b,d)
68. (a,b,c) 69.(a,b,c) 70. (b,c)
71. (a,c,d) 72. (c,d) 73. (a,b)
74. (b,c,d) 75. (a,c,d) 76. (a,c,d)
77. (b,c) 78. (a,c,d) 79. (a,c)
80. (b,c) 81. (b,d) 82. (a,b,c,d)
83. (215) 84.(4.5) 85.(3.1 × 103 m)
86. (250) 87. (50) 88.(4)
89. (8) 90.(c) 91. (d) 92. (a)
93. (c) 94.(a) 95.(a) 96. (d)
97. (d) 98.(b) 99.(a) 100. (a)
101.  A  Q,S; B  P,R,S; C  P, S; D  Q,S 
102.(A–P, R; B – Q, S; C – Q, S; D – P, R)
103.  A  P,Q; B  R; C  P,S; D  R
ANSWER KEY 224
EXERCISE - 4:
PREVIOUS YEARS JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS
DIRECTION TO USE -
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (d)

5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (d)
9. (a) 10.(b, d) 11.(99.5R) 12. (3)
13.(7) 14.(2) 15.(9) 16.(2.30)
17.(a)

XI-JEE M-2 Physics Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

XI-JEE M-2 Physics Final

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

XI-JEE M-2 Physics Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vedantu’s

Vedantu’s Tatva Practice

WORK, ENERGY & POWER

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 15

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 22

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 27

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 37

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 213

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 58

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 65

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 67

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 74

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 215

CENTRE OF MASS, MOMENTUM AND COLLISION

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 89

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 97

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 101

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 112

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 217

Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 118

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 128

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 135

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 142

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 161

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 219

Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 174

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 184

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 190

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 197

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 209

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 222

WORK, ENERGY & POWER

Obviously, work is a scalar quantity, i.e., it has

This is the dimensional formula of work.

From W  F cos  Fig. 5.2

Hence, work done by a variable force is numerically

2.1. Introduction to Kinetic Energy:

2.2. Relation Between Kinetic Energy and Linear

For simplicity, we assume the motion to be one E A  mgh .... 1

6.1 Stable Equilibrium

6.3 Neutral Equilibrium

Power of a person or machine is defined as the time rate

Thus, power of a body measures how fast it can do the

Power of a body is said to be one watt, if it can do one

EXERCISE – 1: BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

10 iˆ  2 ˆj  7 kˆ  m . The work done is (c)

11. A box is dragged across a floor by a rope which

47. A man weighing 60 kg lifts a body of mass 15 kg to mg

59. A coconut of mass 1.0 kg falls to earth from a height

Potential Energy Graphs Power

The force acting on the particle is zero at

EXERCISE – 2: PREVIOUS YEARS JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

8. A particle experiences a variable force

(a) W3 > W2 > W1 > W4

12. One end of a massless spring of spring constant k and v v

(c) 120 J (d) 128 J

and ĵ are the unit vectors along x and y axis. The

39. A hollow speherical ball of uniform density rolls up a

(a) mgl (1 – sin ) (b) mgl