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    Irrigation

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    03. IRRIGATION ENGINEERING [1 | Irrigation and its Method 1, Water for irrigation supplied as per crop requirement throughout the erop period/year is called: (a) inundation irrigation (b) perennial irrigation (0) lift irrigation (d) drip irrigation RSMSSB JEn (Degree) 12.09.2021 SSC JE Civil 29.10.2020 (Morning) ‘Ans. (b) : Perennial Canals—This system assumes the] supply of water throughout the crop period/year. In this| Ithe necessary water to land is provided throughout the| year. Inundation irrigation-In this system large quantity of water flowing in a river during flood is allowing to| flood or inundated the land to be cultivated. Lift irrigation—Lift irrigation is a method of irrigation in which water is not transported by natural flow (as in sgravity-fed canal system) but is lifted with pumps or other means. Drip irrigation-Drip irrigation is type of micto-| irrigation system that has the potential to save water and| Inutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants. The goal is to place water directly into the root| Izone and minimize evaporation. 2, From the following, which is an advantage of irrigation? (a) Reduced span for cultivation (b) Less variety of crop for cultivation (©) Increased salinity of farm land (d) Increased crop success and yield NWDA JE 01.08.2021 [Ans. (d) : Advantages of irrigation— () Stabilized yield of crops (ii) Protection from famine ii) Improvement of cash crops (iv) Prosperity of farmers. (v) Source of revenue (vi) navigation (vii) Hydraulic power generation (viii) water supply (ix) Development of fishery Major Irrigation schemes are those which have some Culturable command area, (a) more than 10,000 ha (b) between 5000 to 7000 ha (©) between 2000 to 5000 ha (d) between 1000 to 2000 ha NWDA JE 01.08.2021 ‘Ans. (a) : litigation schemes which involve culturable command area (CCA) more than 10,000 hectares are major irrigation scheme: CCA (hectares) Irrigation schemes Up to 2000 Minor | Between 2000 to 10000 | Medium Greater than 10000 Major 4. Irrigation canals are generally aligned along (a) Contour line (b) Water shed (©) Straight line (@) Valley line MH Chandrapur MNC 2017 GSSSB Municipal Engineer 8.10.2017 MP VYAPAM Draftsman 8.07.2017, 9.00 am MH WRD 2016 NWRD (Shift-I1) 25.11.2016 KPSC JE Code 11/2016 MH PWD 2016 GSSSB ITI Supervisor 27.03.2016 Mizoram PSC JE 2015, Paper IT Maharashtra PSC HOD 5.10.2014 APPSC AEE 2011 Paper-II SSC JE 2012 [Ans. (b) J+ Watershed canal runs perpendicular to contour line. J+ Irrigation canal are generally aligned along the water shed line J+ It irrigating the both side of are so that CCA is large| for irrigation J+ ‘The water shed line does not eross the drainage line hence cross drainage work are not required. Sprinkler irrigation is best suited for where: (a) Slopes are excessive and soil is erosive (b) The land cannot be prepared for surface method (©) Topography is irregular (@) All of the above B JE (Mains) 20.03.2021 (Evening) HPSSC JE 05.09.2021 Kerala PSC Harbour Engg. (Draftsman) 2019 SSC JE 3.3.2017, Morning Shift MP VYAPAM Sub Engg. 3.04.2016, 9.00 am Rajasthan (Diploma) 2016 Shift-I WBPSC JE 2005 WBPSC SAE 2003 WBPSC SAE 2000 [Ans. (d) : The conditions favouring the adoption of] sprinkler method, are — |G) When the land topography is irregular, and hence unsuitable for surface irrigation. ii) When the land gradient is steeper, and soil is easily erodible. Trrivation Envineerine 490 YcCT (Gii) When the land soil is excessively permeable, so as| not to permit good water distribution by surface irrigation; or when the soil is highly impermeable. (iv) When the water table is high (v) When the water is available with difficulty and is| Intra pipe > Ht cannot used for rice growth 6. Well irrigation is a type of (a) Inundation irrigation (b) Infiltration irrigation (0) Lift irrigation (8) Gravity irrigation RPSC Lect. (Tech.Edu.) Paper-II 2021 Gujarat PSC AE 2020 'WBPSC SAE 2000 [Ans. (¢) : Well irrigation— /* Well irrigation is a lift type of irrigation. © it required some manual and mechanical means to| lift water. © Use of wells and tubewells comes under the| category of lift irrigation, 7. Which technique of water distribution in farms is also called trickle irrigation? (a) Border flooding —-(b) Sprinkler irrigation (©) Drip irrigation (d) Free flooding NWDA JE 01.08.2021 DSSSB AE 27.09.2021 Shift-2 SSC JE 23.09.2019 (Morning) MH Mahabeej 2019 ‘Ans. (©) : Drip Irrigation Method— Drip irrigation, also called trickle irrigation is the latest field irrigation ltechnique, and is meant for adoption at places where| there exists acute scarcity of irrigation water and other| salt problems. + In this method, water is slowly and directly applied to| the root zone of plants, thereby minimizing the losses| [by evaporation and percolation. 8. are sown in autumn & harvested in Spring. (a) Rabi crops (b) Perennial crops (©) Eight months crop _(d) Kharif crops RSMSSB JEn (Degree) 12.09.2021 ‘Ans. (a) : Rabi crops are sown in autumn and harvested] in spring. © Kharif crops are sown in April and harvested in September, = Kharif crop is combined designated as_monsoon [Ans. (d) : Culturable or cultivated area— J+ Itis the that part of gross command area which includes land of GCA on which cultivation is possible. It will, thus include pastures and fallow land (barren| land), which can be made cultivable. Obviously does not include uncultivable part of the gross| command area like, populated area, ponds, roads, reserved forest, Which of the following irrigation method is adopted when the land gradient is steeper and soil is easily erodible? (a) Furrow irrigation method (b) Basin irrigation method (©) Sprinkler irrigation method (4) Drip irrigation method HPPCL JE Civil 13.02.2021 WBPSC SAE 2000 DSSSB JE 4.11.2019, Evening HPSSC JE Code 519/2018 MH PWD 2018 [Ans. (c) : Sprinkler irrigation— The sprinkler method| lconsists of applying the water in the from of a spray some what as in ordinary rain, as is done in the garden lawn sprinkling, [This method is more useful, where : (i) The land cannot be prepared for surface method. (ii) Slopes are excessive or Hilly areas or uneven areas, \iii) Topography is irregular tiv) Soil is erosive (v) Soil is excessively permeable or impermeable (vi) Depth of soil is shallow over gravel or sand. IL, Application of fertilizer along with irrigation water is called : (a) Fertigation (©) Pruning 10. (b) Notching (d) None of these HPPCL JE Civil 13.02.2021 ‘Ans. (a) : Application of fertilizer through irrigation] water is known as fertigation. It refers to the application lof water soluble fertilizers through irrigation water. So, that the nutrients are carried into the soil in form of solution. 12, In border strip flooding method, the farm is divided into a series of strips : (a) 8mto 15 m wide & 50 m to 100 m long. (b) 10 mo 20 m wide & 100 m to 300 m long (c) 20 m to 30 m wide & 300 m to 400 m long (d) 5 mto 10m wide & 50 m to 100 m long, RSMSSB JEn (Degree) 12.09.2021 (Ans. (b) : Border flooding— In this method, the land is \divided into a number of strips separated by low levees} called borders. The land areas over confined in each| strips is of the order of 10-20 metres width and 100 to crops. is ord 5. Pick up the incorrect statement from the | LW00 metres in length - —____ following : 13. An irrigation scheme is known as minor, if Culturable commanded area is the gross area command area is equal to or less than- (in) of an irrigation canal system less hectares (a) Populated area (b) Alkaline area (a) 2000 (b) 1000 (©) Forest area (@) Fallow area (©) 500 (a) 100 HPSSC JE. 05.09.2021 DSSSB JE (Mains) 20.03.2021 (Afternoon) Trrigation Fneineerine 491 YCT ‘Ans. (a): Irrigation schemes which involve culturable command area (CCA) upto 2000 hectares are minor irrigation schemes. CCA (hectares) Irrigation schemes Up to 2000 Minor Between 2000 to 10000__| Medium Greater than 10000 Major 14, In which type of irrigation system water is directly diverted to. the canal without attempting to store the water? (a) River canal irrigation (b) Combined storage (©) Storage irrigation (4) Tank irrigation HRRL (HPCL) 07.08.2021 [Ans. (a) : In direct irrigation system or river canal irrigation system water is directly diverted from the| Iriver into canal by the construction of diversion weir or barrage across the river without attempting to store| water. iB. South-western monsoon season that includes cultivation of crops such as rice, maize, jowar, bajra, groundnut, cotton is also known as : (a) Rabi season (b) Kharif season (©) December to February season (d) April to June season NWDA JE 01.08.2021 ‘Ans. (b) : The South-west monsoon is generally accepted to begin around the beginning of June & fade away by the end of September. This time period is of] Kharif crops. 16. In irrigation engineering, evapotranspiration is also referred as which of the following? (a) Combined use (b) Paleo water (©) Consumptive use (d) None of these NWDA JE 01.08.2021 Ans. (c) : Evapotranspiration is also referred as| (Consumptive use in irrigation engineering, 17, What is impact of development? (a) Only positive (b) Only negative (©) Both positive as well as negative (d) Neither positive nor negative NWDA JE 01.08.2021 [Ans. (c) : The yield of crops increase with controlled irrigation method. So that the more crop produced| which will effect economy positively. © Where as, the uncontrolled irrigation results in fewer| crop yield & lesser production which effect economy adversely. Hence, the irrigation impa & negative. ‘gation on economic economy in both positive| 18, Identify the type of flooding shown in the given figure. (a) Check flooding (©) Free flooding (b) Border flooding (d) Basin flooding DSSSB AE 27.09.2021 Shift-2 [Ans. (@) : Free flooding or ordinary flooding J+ In this method, ditches are excavated in the field and| they may be either’s on the contour or up or down of| the slope. Work from these ditcher, flows across the field. J+ Some time this method also called wild flooding l* This method may be used on rolling land] (topography irrigation) where border, check, basin and furrow are not possible. ‘Art of irrigation is practiced in India Since (a) Ancient times (b) Mughal period (©) British period (d) Independence Nagaland PSC JE 2016 Paper-II [Ans. (a) : The adoption of irrigation practice in our [country is not a new thing, as it appears to be, because sufficient proofs are available in Indian history, which| lconfirm that irrigation was being practiced not only lduring the period of Mughals and Aryans, but even| lduring the periods of Pandavas (about 3150 B.C.) For Jexample, the most famous old irrigation work, which is functioning even today, is the ‘Grand Anicut’ which was fbuitt by Chola rulers in the first century A.D, on the [Cauvery river. 21, The irrigation is necessary in an area (a) where there is scanty of rainfall (b) where there is controlled water supply (©) where the rainfall is non-uniform (d) all the above 20. WBPSC SAE 2000 PSSSB JE 22.11.2015 WB PSC SAE 2003 [Ans. (d) : litigation is necessary to rising a crops. Irrigation is the method by which water collected, stored and supplied controllably when required to the erop. [Necessity of irrigation J+ Uneven or Non-uniform rainfall distribution |+ Where commercial crops require more water. |+ Development of agriculture in descent area #2._In which method, water is sprayed in the air simulating rainfall? (a) Drip itrigation (©) Lift Irrigation (b) Sprinkler Irrigation (d) Flow Irrigation Assam PSC AE (PRD) 2020 Kerla PSC harbor Engineering (Draftsman) 2019 ‘Haryana SSC JE 11.04.2018 (Shift-1) WBPSC JE 2005 Trrivation Envineering 992 YCT [Ans. (b) : Sprinkler irrigation— In this type of irrigation water is applied to the land in the form of spray some what as in ordinary rain through a network| lof pipes and pumps. It has efficiency of 80% of applied| water, [+ Sometime itis also know as overhead irrigation. js Best for very light soil + Used for undulated of topography. ¢ Used for tea, cofie and vegetables. 23. Because of large stream discharge, irrigation is more suitable for permeable soil. (a). Free flooding (b) Check flooding (©) Check basin (d) Furrow UPPCL JE 13.11.2016 [Ans. (b) Because of large stream discharge— © Check flooding is more suitable for permeable soil] having large stream discharge. + It is same as ordinary flooding except that the water| is controlled by surrounding the check area with low and flat le 24. Which type of irrigation is practiced when the water supply is at too low a level to run by gravitation of the land? (a) Inundation irrigation (b) River canal irrigation (©) Lift irrigation (d) Flow irrigation ‘SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Evening) ‘Ans. (¢) : Lift Irrigation—This irrigation is practiced] lwhen the water supply is at too low level to run by gravitation of the land, Inundation irrigation—In this irrigation a large quantity lof water flowing in a river during flood is allowed to flood or inundated the land to be cultivated. 'Flow irrigation—When the water is available at a higher level and it is supplied to lower level, by the action of leravity, then itis called flow irrigatio Which of the follo correct? (a) Gram-rice (b) Wheat-Gram-Jowar (©) Jowar-Gram-Cotton (@) Cotton-wheat-Gram or sugareane HPSSC JE CODE 502/2018 [Ans. (4) : Rotational system of water distribution i called warabandhi, |Wara means ‘tum’ and Bandhi mean ‘fixation’, | Under the warabandhi system, the distributaries are| operated at full capacity usually on eight day periods. J+ Warabandhi is the system of equitable water distribution by turns according to a predetermined schedule specifying the day, time and duration of| supply to each irrigator in proportion to land holding in the outlet command. J+ The number of these periods would depends on the| available water and crop-requirement, Exam Points # Percentage of water available on earth that is saline is 97% Irrigation is basically required in— Humid regions, Arid regions, Semiarid regions © Minor irrigation servi Upto 2000 hectares # Best method of assessment of irrigation water is Volumetric rate fe gross commanded area for a distributary is 6000 hectares, 80% of which is culturable irrigable. The intensity of irrigation for Rabi season is 50% and that for kharif season is 25%, If the average duty at the head of the distributary is 2000 hectare/eumee for Rabi season and 1000 hectares/cumec for Kharif season, find out the discharge required. (a) 2.0 cumees (b) 1.33 cumees (©) 1.0 cumees (4) 1.2 cumees MP VYAPAM Sub Engg. 9.07.2017, 2.00 pm ‘Ans. (d) GCA = 6000 ha. ICCA = 6000 x 0.80 = 4800 ha. [Total yearly intensity = 50 + 25= 75% Duty in kharif = 1000 ha/eumee For Rabi is = 2000 ha/eumec [Total irrigated area = 4800 x 0.75 = 3600ha Then discharge = = ee" 350 ‘Ans. (4) + In general, the following rotations of crops]| 28. On rolling land, the method of applying water Imay be adopted depending upon the soil conditions. is: Wheat Jowar- Gram \C JE 13.2017 Morning Shift Rice— Gram Nagaland PSC JE 2016 Paper-II ii) Cotton — Wheat - Gram-Fallow (up to July) Chandigarh JE 17.07.2016 (iv) Cotton Jowar—Gram CREF SI Overseer 2017 (v) Sugarcane (18 month) — Thadwa-Wheat or grain —| KPCL JE 2018 [Follow (upto July) OR 26. Under the Warabandhi system, the Which of the following methods of applying distributaries are operated at full capacities, water may be used in rolling land? usually on : (a) Border flooding —_(b) Check flooding (a) seven-day periods —_(b) six-day periods (©) Furrow flooding —(d) Free flooding (©) nine-day periods _(d) eight-day periods KPSC Overseer, Grll, Irvi. Dept. (code 85/ 2016) DSSSB JE 4.11.2019, Evening HPSSC JE 2015 Trrigation Fneineerine 993 YCT Ans. (@) : Free flooding — In this method, ditches are lexcavated in field, and they may be either on the [contour or up and down the slope. + Water from these ditches flows across the field. © After the water leaves the ditches, no attempt is| ‘made to control the flow by means of levees ete. © It is some times called wild flooding (as. the| movement of water is not restricted), + The initial cost of land preparation is low but labour| requirement are usually high during irrigation. Application efficiency is low. The method may be useful for rolling land (topography irregular) where borders, checks, basins and furrows are not feasible. = IL is suitable for close growing crops, pastures etc, where the land is steep. pote win suplyf [Ans. (a) : River Ganga has the largest catchment area as| it flow from Uttarakhand to West Bengal through Uttar| [Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand. It has catchment area of] labout 10 lakh sq km, 33. For irrigation purposes, the pH value of water should be : (a) 3006 (b) 608 (©) 8toll (4) more than 11 Odisha JE (Mains) 2015 [Ans. (b) : The normal pH range for irrigation water is Hom 6.5 to 8.4. An abnormal value is a warning that the| lwater needs further evaluations. Exam Points A aA, ron supply itches Tt is termed as . because in this type of irrigation, water does not wet the soil surface : (a) Surface irrigation (b) Flood irrigation (©) Subsurface irrigation (d) None of these KPSC Overseer, Grell, Irri, Dept. (code 148/2017) [Ans. (c) : Subsurface irrigation It is termed as sub-| surface irrigation, because in this type of irrigation,| Iwater does not wet the soil surface. The underground| |water nourishes the plant roots by capillarity 2. 30. Sprinkler irrigation is not suitable for : (a) rice (b) coffee plant (©) plantation crops __(d) none of them KPSC Overseer, Gr-Il, Irri. Dept. (code 148/2017) ‘Ans. (a) : Sprinkler irrigation is not suitable for rice] |due to high delta required by ri The maximum water application effic Sub-surface Irrigation @ For row crops, the most commonly adopted method of surface irrigation is Furrow and corrugation irrigation Basically imigation engineering is related to purpose of- Nutrients of crops # To reduce salinity by leaching the best method of irrigation is— Check flooding = 34. The canal which can irrigate only on one side is: (a) contour canal (©) ridge canal (b) side lope canal (d) watershed canal WRPSC SAE 2004 [Ans. (a) : The canal which can irrigate only one side of] the field is called contour canal. J+ It is aligned nearly parallel to the contour of the| country. Js_It is generally provided is hilly area, 35.__ Why do we need fo do the lining of the canal A. To minimize seepage losses in canal B. to prevent erosion of bed and sides due to high velocities C. To decrease the discharge in the canal section by increasing the velocity (@) Only A (6) Only A and B (©) Only (@) AIA,BandC SSC JE 3.3.2017, Morning Shift 31, __ In surface method of irrigation water direetly from a: (a) Pipe (b) Channel (©) Drip head (d) Sprinkler KPSC Overseer, Gr-Il, Irri. Dept. (code 148/2017) (Ans. (b) : Surface irrigation is type of irrigation in Iwhich water is directly applied from channel through] the network of canals. Surface irrigation is of two types (i) Flow irrigation, (ii) Lift irrigation is applied ‘Ans. (b) Lining of canal- To minimize the losses due to seepage. ‘+ To prevent the area prone to water logging due to rise in water table, ‘+ To increase the discharge capacity of the canal. ‘+ Improvement of command and larger working head for power generation, ‘+ To prevent erosion of bed and sides due to high velocities. 32, Among the major river basing in India, the |36- The loss of water caused by the leaves of the largest catchment area is for : growing vegetation is (a) Ganga (b) Brahmaputra (a) transpiration (b) evaporation (©) Godavari (@) Indus (©) percolation (a) surface runoff KPSC Overseer, Gr-Il, Irri. Dept. (code 148/2017) Hariyana SSC JE 13.04.2018, Morning Trrigation Fneineerine $94 YCT [Ans. (a) : Transpiration— In hydrological cycle the Itranspiration is the part of evaporation that take place in] plants. ‘© Transpiration is process by which plants use water for their metabolism and growth. Plants extract water from soil through roots and transfer it to. the atmosphere as vapor through stomata, When a water table is within the root zone depth and is determined to the plant life, the and is said to be: (a) basin flood (©) over nourished 37. (b) water logged (d) super saturated KERLA PSC Code 197/2015 [Ans. (b) : An agricultural land is said to be waterlogged| Iwhen its productivity or fertility is affected by high] Iwater table. The depth of water-table at which it tends {to make the soil water-logged and harmful to the growth] and subsistence of plant life depends upon the height of apillary fringe. 38, Well irriga (a) aquifer (b) aquifer is confined (©) rainfall is distributed throughout the year (@) rainfall is restricted during mons 'WBPSC SAE 2000 [Ans. (a) : The utilization of ground water though dug| Iwell irrigation is an indigenous form of irrigation water lcollected in the well and is lifted of ground surface| Ithrough a water lift. So well ittigation is most useful |where aquifer is unconfined, 39, ‘The main disadvantage of well irrigation is, (a) creation of water logging (b) lowering of ground water table (©) consumption of electric power (d) presence of impurities in water WBPSC SAE 2000 ‘Ans. (b) : Disadvantage of well irrigation is following| listed below— 1. Only limited area can be irrigated, 12. The well may dry up and may be rendered useless for irrigation if excessive water is taken out. 3. Lowering of ground water table, 40. The method of irrigation used for orchards mn is most useful where unconfined (b) Free flooding (©) Border flooding _ (a) Check flooding UKSSSC JE 20.12.2020 Morning Odisha JE (Mains) 2018 [Ans. (a) : Basin flooding — This is used in Orchards Free flooding — This is used in Rolling lands. Check Flooding — This is used in Jowar or paddy fields. [Ans. (a) : Bandhara Irrigation is a special type of] irrigation scheme some where in between inundation ltype and permanent type of irrigation. It is essentially a minor irrigation scheme where in| small streams which otherwise allow their flow to be lwasted are dammed at places by Bandharas (small lweirs) and canal are taken off from them for irrigation| lof small area. Exam Points Irrigation with sewage from a town is— Broad irrigation Furrow method of irrigation is most suitable for Potatoes ¢ Method of applying water may be used on rolling land— Free flooding The most suitable method of irrigation for areas having low rainfall and strong winds is Drip irrigation The technique of water distribution in farms is Drip irrigation The suitable method for irrigating highly modulating land is— Sprinkler irrigation @ In arid areas, with uneven land surface most suitable method of irrigation is Sprinkler irrigation The maximum application rate by sprinklers is limited by- The infiltration capacity of the soil The methods of irrigation has minimum wastage of water Sprinkler irrigation # About 80% irrigation efficiency is possible with the sprinkler irrigation particularly in— Humid and semi-arid regions 42,__If in the harvest season when the river flow is low which method should be adopted for irrigation : (a) Direct Irrigation (©) Lift Inigation (b) Storage Irrigation (d) Irrigation by wells Rajasthan JEn (Diploma) 2016 Shift-1 [Ans. (b) : Storage Irrigation-It is used in the harvest season when the river flow is low. A dam is constructed lacross the reservoir to store water upstream in al reservoir. [Direct irrigation-In direct irrigation no storage of] hwater is required on the upstream, only diversion weir is provided. Water is directed to canals without any storage. ILift Irrigation-it is the process of lifting water Inormally from underground sources and sometimes| from surface source by pump through mechanical lpower or man power. [Well irrigation-It is a type of irrigation in which the| fields are irrigated by using well. [Border flooding— It is the most popular. 43. The ratio of the actually irrigated area during a 41. A special type of irrigation scheme somewhere in year or during a crop to the culturable between inundation type and permanent type irrigable area of irrigation, is : (a) Capacity coefficient (b) Annual intensity (a) Bandhara Irrigation (b) Well irrigation (©) Crop intensity (©) flow Irrigation —__(d) Terrance Irrigation (d) Intensity of irrigation UKSSSC JE 20.12.2020 Evening KPSC Overseer (Irrigation) 2017 Trrigation Fneineerine 795 YCT ‘Ans. (d) : The ratio of the actual irigated area during lyear or during a crop to the culturable irrigable area is called as intensity of irrigation. 44, Which of the following irrigation technique is preferred where area has a irregular topography with excessive slope? (a). Sprinkler Irrigation (b). Sub-surface Irrigation (©) Furrow Irrigation (@) Border Irrigation ‘UPPCL JE 13.11.2016 ‘Ans. (a) For the area of inigation topography with lexcess slope, sprinkler irrigation is required. Sub surface irrigation It is required where the water| [does not wet the soil surface rather it flow under ground| and nourishes the plant roots by capillarity— (i) Natural sub surface irrigation Artificial sub surface irrigation. Name the type of irrigation, when a storage weir is constructed across the river or water is a reservoir or lake, (a) Canal Irrigation —_(b) Surface Irrigation (©) Tank Irrigation _(d) None of the above KPSC JE Code 137/2014 [Ans. (c) : A tank irrigation is an artificial reservoir of any size. They are mainly found in India. Tank irrigation is practiced by constructing mud banks across| small streams to make a small reservoir which collect] lexcess water during the rainy season, Tank use is lespecially critical in parts of South India without perennial rainfall where water supply replenishment is| [dependent on a cycle of dry seasons alternating with Imonsoon seasons. 46. Water lifted by pumps fo an area whose level is too high for irrigation by flow is known as (a) Flow irrigation () High level irrigation (©) Artificial irigation (d) Lif irrigation WBPSC JE 2007 [Ans. (d) : Water lifted by pumps to an area whose level is too high for irrigation by flow is known as Lift irrigation. Lift irrigation system is generally defined as| ithe lifting of water from perennial sources of rivers with Iheavy capacity electric pumps and then distributed| through the pipeline. 47. ‘The best irrigation method that suits area where scarcity of irrigation water is: (a) check flooding (b) furrow irrigation. (©) drip irrigation (d) sprinkler irrigation Kerala JID 12.12.2019 [Ans. (€) : Drip irrigation is the best method of irrigation] lwhen there is scarcity of water because in this method| water is provided directly to the roots drop by drop and| thus preventing water loss. 48. In which one of the following irrigation methods, the loss of water due to evaporation is negligible? (a) Furrow irrigation (©) Drip irrigation (b) Sprinkle irrigation (d) Border irrigation Punjab JE July 2018 [Ans. (¢) : Drip irrigation— J+ This method of irrigation is used where large| scarcity of water is found and salt problems are acute. J+ Water is directly applied to the root of the plants by drop. J+ Centrifugal pump is used for this method. J+ Evaporation loss is less. |+ Crops like tomato, grapes, corn, citrus, melon fruits, cauliflower, cabbage and turnips are grown. J+ Land levelling not required, low labour required. 4. Which of the following has the highest irrigation efficiency ? (a) Power loom irrigation(b) Drip irrigation (©) Surface irrigation (4) Sprinkler irrigation UPPCL JE 25.02.2020 [Ans. (b) : Method of irrigation |) Drip irrigation (Trickle irrigation) ls Water & fertilizer directly applied to root zone of plant J+ Best suited for row crops and orchard like grapes, tomato, fiuits ete. J+ Ithas highest efficiency approx 90%. J+ Used in desert & arid area. (2) Sprinkles irrigation— J+ Best suited for light soil ls Efficiency is 80% J+ Used for tea, coffee and not used for rice or Jute ls Suitable for steep gradient land « Suitable for low infiltration rates (clay) 3) Basin flooding— Adopted for orchard trees Not suitable for coarse sand because of high per collation losses. (4) Free flooding— J+ Used on rolling ground (irregular topography) Js Efficiency is low (5) Border flooding- J+ Land is divided into number of strips separated by| low leaves called border J+ Water is allowed to flow from supply ditch into] each strip. (6) Check Flooding~ J+ Similar to ordinary flooding except water is| controlled by surrounding the check area with low] & flat levees. J+ Close growing crops such as Jowar or Paddy’ preferred. |(7) Kurrow Irrigation— J+ Water is supplied through long furrow field] channels J+ Water flowing through furrow infiltrates into soil &| spread laterally J+ Crops grown on ridges between Furrows J+ Crops grown are maize, cotton, potatoes, sugar| cane, groundnut tobacco ete, |+ Sprinkler & drip irrigation system are pressurized] irrigation system. Trrivation Envineering 496 YCT 50. Irrigation may be defined as the process: (a) OF supplying water to soil f... artificially (b) OF harassing and controlling the natural sources of water (©) Of controtting the river, drainage of areas (d) Allof the above crops WBPSC SAE 2000 ‘Ans. (4) : Irrigation may be defined as the process of artificial application of water to the soil or land for the| growth of agricultural crops. In other words, it is a science of planning and designing a water supply system for the agricultural land to protect the crops| from adverse effects of weather SI. Pick up the correct statement from the following: (a) Gravity water is harmful to crops (b) Hygroscopic water is harmful (©) Capillary moisture held in the soil porosity against gravity surface tension, is utilized by plants (d) All the above WBPSC SAE 2000 [Ans. (c) : At the point the soil pores are completely] filled with water and the soil contains the maximum possible content, which thus constitutes the upper limit] lof the gravitational water. Gravitational water— Which is not held by soil but| [drain out freely under the influence of gravity. Capillary water— Capillary water is held in the soil by| surface tension as a continuous film around the soil particles and in the capillary pores between the soil] particles 52, The flow irrigation is by : (a) Lift irrigation (b) Gravity flow irrigation (©) Electrical energy irrigation (d) Sub-soil irrigation WBPSC SAE 2002 [Ans. (b) : When the water is available at a high level] and it is supplied to lower level, by the mere action of gravity, then it is called flow irrigation, 53, In which method the field is divided into a number of long parallel strips? (a) Border flooding irrigation (b) Furrow irrigation (©). Free flooding irrigation (@)_ Check flooding irrigation MPPI (Drafts 2016, Morning ‘Ans. (a) Border flooding irrigation— In this method, the land is divided into a number of strips separated by low levees called borders. The land areas confined in each strips is of the order of 10 to 20 meters in width and 100 to 400 meter in length. 54, Flow irrigation is done from (a) Wells (b) Rivers (©) Sea (@)_ Canals UPIN JE 2016 Shift 1 [Ans. (d): Flow irrigation— When water is available at] la higher level and it is supplied to lower level, by the lmere action of gravity, then it is called flow irrigation lin flow irrigation of canal, reservoirs, lakes play good] role for surface irrigation 58. Which of the following statements is/are not among the major limitations of sprinkler irrigation? ‘A. Strong wind disturbs the sprinkling. B. It requires heavy initial investment. C. It minimizes the erosion of the soil. (@) OnlyB (b) A,BandC (©) Only A (d) Only C DFCCIL, 17-04-2016 [Ans : (d) Limitations of sprinkler— Under strong| lwindy condition and high temperatures, the water distribution and water application efficiency are low. J+ Saline water cause leaf burns in many crops, J+ System is costly to install, operate and maintain, J+ Continuous supply of power is required, J+ Comer remain under irrigated and therefore| uniformity of application is to some extent affected INote : Minimization of soil erosion is advantage of] sprinkler irrigation, The method of irrigation in which water is led by mechanical means 56. irrigation, (a) flow (b) border (c) sub-surface (d) lit MP Sub Engineer 2020 [Ans. (d) : Lift irrigation— Method of irrigation in| lwhich water is lifted by mechanical method called lift irvigation 57. _In which method, Irrigation water is useful for row crops? DSSSB JE 20.11.2019, Morning Or Which one of the following methods is used for supplying water for crops sown in rows? (a) Furrow method (b) Contour method (©) Basin method (d) Flooding method UPSC AE (PWD) 19.09.2021 ‘Ans. (a) :Furrow Method — J+ Water is supplied through long furrow field] channels J+ Water flowing through furrow infiltrates into soil &| spread laterally J+ Crops grown on ridges between Furrows J+ Crops grown are maize, cotton, potatoes, sugar cane, groundnut, tobacco ete. ls Sprinkler & drip irrigation system are pressurized] irrigation system. Irrigation Engineering 497 YCT 58. In irrigation engineering, development of desert area factor comes under which case? (a) Necessity of irrigation (b) [l-effects of irrigation (©) Benefits of irrigation (d) Types of irrigation DSSSB JE 20.11.2019, Mornin [Ans. (a) : In irrigation engineering, development o' desert area factor comes under necessity of irrigation. 59. For spray application, the quantity to be applied in a field will depend upon (a) Pressure (b) Forward speed (©) No. of nozzles (d) Allof these HPSSC JE Code 519/2018 [Ans. (d) : For the application, the quantity to be applied in a field will depend on = Pressure of water transferred by motor. = Forward speed + No. of nozzles 60. Irrigation water eyed to the land by means gravity flow indicates which of the following type of irrigation? (a) Drip irrigation (b) Flow irrigation (©) Lift irrigation (d) Sprinkler irrigation NWDA JE 2018, AFTERNOON ‘Ans. (b) : When the water is available at a higher level, and it is supplied to lower level, by the mere action of leravity, then itis called flow irrigation. The canal, reservoirs, lakes are major source of flow in| irrigation. a. With an increase in the supply of irrigation water, yields of the crops (a) decrease continuously (b) increase continuously (©) increase up to a certain limit and then becomes constant (@) increase up to a certain limit and then decrease SSC JE 25.01.2018, Evening Shift 63. Out of total lig: water is: (a) above 95 percent (b) around 75 percent (c) around 50 percent (@)_ estimates are not available Manipur AE Paper-Il 2016 [Ans : (a) 95% of the water on earth is salty, in the face| lof fresh water shortages, many regions have no choice| [but to use this resources, which is most often abundant, lwhether it comes from seawater or brackish water |(marshes, ponds underground, aquifers affected by the| salt water wedge). water on earth, the brackish 64, Which of the following is also called inundation irrigation? (a) Flow irrigation _(b) Combined sche (c) Storage imigation _(d) Diversion irrigation SSC JE 23.09.2019 (Morning) [Ans. (*) : Types of Irrigation— |(1) Surface Irrigation on er Irrigation Flood Irrigation Lift Irigation Flood Irrigation-Flood irrigation is also called Inundation Inrigation. In inundation method of irrigation, soil is kept submerged and thoroughly flooded with water, so as to cause thorough saturation of the land. |2) Sub-surface Irrigation Natural sub-itrigation * Artificial sub-irrigation Note : The commission has rejected the question in| revised answer key. Which of the following statement is correct for sprinkler irrigation method? © Flow Irrig 6. (a) Itisused for rice and jute. (b) Is is used for the soil has very low infiltration rate (©) Itis best suitable for very light soil (@)_Itrequires borders and field channel SSC JE 24.01.2018 (Evening) [Ans. (d) : With an increase in the supply of irrigation] lwater, yields of the crops increases up-to the certain limit then decreases because in the initial stage the crop] Irequires for growth but when the water is provided! beyond the required limit there the certain types of problems like water logging, increase in the salt content| lete. happens which decreases the yield of crop. 62. Type of surface irrigation method generally practiced in hilly area is : (a) Flooding (b) Farrow method ‘Ans. (e) Sprinklers are best suited to sandy soil with hhigh infiltration rates although they are adaptable to most soil, + It is best suitable for very light soil, /+ This method is more useful, where : (i) The land cannot be prepared for surface method. (ii) Slopes are excessive or Hilly areas or uneven areas, Gi) Topography is irregular (iv) Soil is erosive (v) Soil is excessively permeable or impermeable (vi) Depth of soil is shallow over gravel or sand. (©) Contour farming (d) Sprinkler irrigation | 64 method of irrigation by which each tree is GSSSB ITI Supervisor 27.03.2016 surrounded by a border to form a pool when GMC Surveyor 2018 water is applied, is called : Ans.(@) : In hilly area the contour farming is done to| (@) Basin irrigation (b) Broad irrigation stop the erosion of soil and to hold rainwater. (©) Distributed irrigation (d) Spot irrigation + _Forhilly areas contour furrow as considered best Rajasthan JEn (Diploma) 2020 Trriwation Emvinecrine ory vor [Ans. (a) : Basin irrigation : A method of irrigation by] Iwhich each tree is surrounded by a border to form a| [pool when water is applied, is called basin irrigation. Broad irrigation : In this method water is distributed lover the soil surface by gravity flow. Distributed irrigation : In this method, water is| applied in the form of spray. This spraying is| performed by seties of pipes and pumps. Drip irrigation : In this system the water is applied ldirectly to the roots by an arrangement made| lunderground. This method is also called trickle irrigation. 67. Lands of climate, that are neither arid nor strictly humid in which inferior crops can be grown without irrigation is called? (a) Hybrid arid zone (b) Medium arid zone (©) Partly arid zone (4) Semi arid zone Rajasthan JEn (Diploma) 2020 [Ans. (d) : Semi arid zone — Land of climate, that are| neither arid nor strictly humid in which inferior crops| [can be grown without irrigation is called semi arid zone. 68. A system of irrigation very suitable in tracts where there are number of small rivers and streams, (a) Bandhara system (b) Closed system (©) Well system (d) Lifting system UKSSSC JE 19.12.2020 Afternoon [Ans. (a) : Bandhara Irrigation is a special type o} irrigation scheme some where in between inundation| type and permanent type of irrigation. }* It is essentially a minor irrigation scheme where in| small streams which otherwise allow their flow to be| Iwasted are dammed at places by Bandharas (small weirs) and canal are taken off from them for irrigation| lof small area. 69.__In which method of irrigation, the entire field is divided into number of leveled plots surrounded by levees? (a) basin method (©) Furrow method (b) Check method (@) Border strip method UPPCL JE 25.02.2020 [Ans. (b) : In check method of flooding, the entire field is divided into the number of compartment and the| water is controlled by surrounding the flat/check area| lwith low and flat levees. © Good for both permeable and Impermeable soil, mainly paddy or jowar are grown. For standing crops in undulating sandy fields, the best method of irrigation is (a) Sprinkler Irrigation (b) Check method (©) Furrow method (d) All of these Mizoram PSC JE 2015, Paper I WBPSC SAE 2000 Mizoram PSC 26.03.2010 Paper-II ‘TNPSC JE/Supervisor 2012 70. [Ans. (a) : The best method of irrigation is sprinkler irrigation for standing crops in undulating sandy fields. [his method fs used wh 1. The land can not be prepared for surface methods, 2. Slope are excessive. 3. Topography is irregular 4. Soil is erosive. 5. Soil is excessively permeable or impermeable 6. 7. 8. 7 Depth of soil is shallow over gravels or sand When seepage loss is more. The availability of water is difficult, I. The irrigation method where only one-fifth to one-half of the land surface is wetted by water resulting in less evaporation and less pudding of soil is called__. (a) Border irrigation method (b) Basin flooding method (©). Sprinkler irrigation method (@)_ Furrow irrigation method MP VYAPAM Sub Engg. 9.07.2017, 2.00 pm ‘Ans. (d) In furrow irrigation only one-fifth to one half lof the land is wetted which result in the reduced] Jevaporation losses. J+ Furrow irrigation is suitable for a wide range of soil type, crops (especially row crops) and land slopes. J+ Furrow irrigation is preferred on uniformly flat or gentle slope which should not exceed 0.5%. The term “corrugations” is associated with which of the following irrigation method? (a) Furrow irrigation method (b) Basin irrigation method (c) Sprinkler irrigation method (4) Drip irrigation method 7. MH PWD 2019 [Ans. (a) : Furrow irrigation method : The furrow] Imethod of irrigation is very much used for row crops| like, maize, jowar, sugarcane, cotton, tobacco, ground Inut, potatoes etc. In this method only one-half to one-| Hifth of the surface is wetted and thus evaporation losses| lvery much reduced, J+ Small shallow furrows called corrugations are particularly suitable for relatively irregular topology and [closed growing crop such as meadows and small grains. 73. Method of irrigation for cereal crops is (a) Sub surface irrigation(b) Basin flooding (c) Check flooding (d) Furrow irrigation Nagaland PSC 2015 Paper-II Rajasthan JE (Diploma) 2016 Shift-II [Ans. (e) : For cereal crops the check flooding is| considered best. J+ Cereal grains are the grains found by some grass like| crop. Js Wheat, rice paddy, barley, maize, popcorn etc. Trrivation Envineering 999 YCT 74. ‘Flood irrigation’ works best on (a) Level or gentle terrain (b) Steep terrain (e) Drought hit areas (d) Coasted areas Nagaland PSC 2015 Paper-I ‘Ans. (a) : In flood irrigation, ditches are excavate in the] field and they may be either on the contour up and down the slope. + After the water leaves the ditches, no attempt is made to control the flow by means of levees ete. © This method may be used on rolling land (gentle| slope) where, borders, checks, basins & furrow are not feasible. What classification held for water present in soil is normally found? (a) Hydroscopic water (b) Surface water (©) Capillary water (d) Centrifugal water Karnataka PSC JE Code 126/2018 KPSC JE 13.11.2016 [Ans. (c) : Capillary water is held in the soil by surface tension as a continuous film around the soil particles| and in the capillary pores between the soil particles. © ‘The capillary water is held in the soil against the| force of gravity. © The plant roots gradually absorb the capillary water| which thus constitutes the principal source of water| for plant growth. _Itis principle source of water for plants. B. 78. Most fertile soil is (a) Alluvial (b) Black soil (©) Laterite soil (d) Red soil Nagaland PSC JE 2016 Paper-IT [Ans. (a) : Most fertile soit Alluvial soil is considered] las the best in fertile soil. J+ It has humus in it and contains water for long period. Js It has rich mineral to make soil highly fertile like, potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for] growth of Sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal] and pulse crops. The requirement of water is the highest for (a) livestock (b) irrigation (©) domestic needs _(d) toughness modulus APPSC AE 2004 Paper-I [Ans. (b) : + The requirement of water is highest for irrigational need. J+ The 70% of total fresh water goes for the irrigation] apart from drinking, sanitary, industrial and other| 7. 80. Kharif season generally extends from (a) January - July (b) March- August (©) September April _(d) June October APPSC AE 2004 Paper-II Kharif season generally extended from June [Ans. (4) to October. Je It is sown at the beginning of the first rains during the| advent of the south — west mansoon. I+ Rice, Ragi, groundnut, cotton, maize, bajra all the| type are the kharif crops. 76. It is that part in excess of hygroscopic water which exists in the pore space of the soil by molecular attraction (a) Sea water (©) Capillary water (b) River water (d) None of these Kerala PSC Draftsman 2019 Ans. (6) : Capillary water—Water that remains in the| soil after gravitational water is drained out, that is| subject to the laws of capillary movement and that is in Ithe form of a film around the soil grains. 77. Permanent wilting point moisture content for a crop represents the: (a) Hygroscopic water (b) Capillary water (0) Field capacity water (d) None of the above UJVNL AE 12.09.2021 Ans. (a) : Permanent wilting point (PWP)- It is the| |water content in a soil when plants become permanently| wilted. ‘This value is 2% for sand soil and 30% for| clayey soils. Hygroscopie water— ‘The water that is sandwiched or| adsorbed or rightly held between the colloidal of soil] particles is called hygroscopic water. This water is| ldifficult to extract even by the plant as a force of attraction between soil and water may reach as high as| 1000 atm. The water left in the soil after the permanent wilting point is reached, can not be removed and is| known as unavailable moisture or hygroscopic water. 81. A climatic region lacking enough water for agriculture without artificial irrigation is called (a) arid zone (b) dry zone (©) desert zone (d) none of the above APPSC ARE 2011 Paper-II [Ans. (a) : A climatic region lacking enough water for lagriculture without irrigation is called as arid zone, 82. Following are the different types of method of irrigation 1. Furrow irrigation IIL. Drip ittigation Arrange the above irrigation methods in decreasing order of their wetting area of the IL. Sprinkler ierigation soil surface. (a) 1,11, I (b) M1, 1,1 (©) HL, (@) 1 Punjab JE 2016 [Ans. (d) : Sprinkler irrigation— The welting area of] sprinkler irrigation large as compared to furrow and arip. J+ It wets almost whole upper surface of the land. [Furrow irrigation In furrow irrigation the one by half} lo one by fifth area is wetted which results in less| levaporation losses. [Drip irrigation In this method the water is applied to] the root of the plant. Js It shows very less water requirement. J+ Evaporation and wind losses are almost negligible Trrivation Envineering 500 YCT The method of growing crop on running on the sides of water difches used in certain agricultural ficld is called as? (a) Drip irrigation (b) Flood irrigation (©) Furrow irrigation (4) Check irrigation NPCC 2017 [Ans : (©) Furrow In this method of] irrigation, water is applied to land to be irrigated by a series of furrows. * Furrows are small and parallel channels, made to carry water for irrigating crops. + It is suitable for a wide range of soil type and crops especially row crops) and land slopes. 84. The water table of underground water generally corresponds to water level of (a) streams (b) rivers (©) sea (@) all of these Mizoram PSC JE (RRD) 2016 Paper-I [Ans. (4) : The water table of under ground water-| Water table of under ground water increases due to| percolation of surface water slowly from high pressure| evel to lower pressure level, ©The main source for increasing water table of ground| are the stream, rivers, sea, ditches, wells and reservoirs. © The aquifers plays good role for the storation of the| ground water. ‘Assertion (A): In the border strip method of irrigation, the size of the strip depends on soil characteristics, slope of the land and discharge. Reason (R): Border strip method is a controlled type of subsurface irrigation method. (a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A ) 85. both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A Ais true but R is false Ais false but R is true © @ JESE 2010} [Ans. (c) Border strip method is @ type of surface| irrigation method, In the border strip flooding method the farm is| \divided in to a series of strips 10 to 20 m wide and 100] {to 300 m, long. Type of soil Length of border strip (1D) Sandy soil or Sandy | 60 to 90m. Joam_ @) Medium silt loam 90 to 150m. (3) Clay foam or clay soil | 150 to 300 m. 86. _ Assertion(A): Sprinkler method of irrigation has a higher water application/use efficiency. Reason(R): Sprinkler system causes less interference in cultivation and other farming operations. (a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation (©) Ais true but Ris false (d) Ais false but R is true [ESE 2002 Ans. (c) |+ Sprinkler method of irrigation has a higher water application/use efficiency. J+ Sprinkler system consists of network of pipes| running across the field. Thus it will cause interference in cultivation and other operation. J+ In this system, the cost of land preparation and| permanent water delivery system of channels or conduits are less. 87. Which one of the following is not a major deterrent in water harvesting through water tanks ? (a) Deforestation mainly due to population pressure in the catchments of tank systems (b) Siltation (©) Lack of maintenance and repairs and breaches of tank embankments (@) Shallow depth of water tanks 2020 ‘Ans. (d) : Rain water harvesting is a technique of] collection and storage of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the infiltration of surface water into subsurface aquifers. Major deterrent in water harvesting through water tanks (1) Deforestation mainly due to population pressure in the catchments of tank s (2) Siltation. (3) Lack of maintenance and repair and breaches of tank embankments. Lift irrigation doesn't includes (a) Doon (b) Deep tube wells (©) Mote (d)_Indundation irrigation Nagaland PSC 2017 Paper-II [Ans. (a) : In lift irrigation when water is lift by some| lmechanical supplied for irrigation, then it is called lift irrigation. [Well and tube well are for supplying irrigation water falls under the category 89. Method of applying water directly to the root zone of the plant is called .. (@) check flooding (b) drip method (c) furrow method (4) _sprinkle irrigation SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift [Ans. (b) In drip method water is directly apply to the| root zone of the plants by a network of plastic pipes| (PVC Pipes) and drip ‘nozzles called emitters or ldrippers. Evaporation losses are very less in this| Imethod. Highest water application efficiency (as high as| 190%). It is not suitable for closely planted crops such as| lwheat, rice etc. |* Sprinkler irrigation method— In this method, water is applied in the form of spray by pipes and nozzle system. In this method no land preparation is required land erosion of soil is eliminated. 88. Trrivation Envineering S01 YCT 92, 90. If the moisture tension for a soil is 8 atmospheres, then the soil is at (a) Field capacity (b) Optimum moisture content (©) Permanent wilting point (d) Equivalent moisture GPSC AAE (GMC) Class-3, 19.09.2021 Gujarat PSC AE 2020 [ESE 2006} ‘Ans. (6) : Soil moisture tension is the force per unit area that must be exerted by the root to extract water from soil. Moisture in the soil is held in capillary by surface tension and can be used easily by roots of the plants for its evapotranspiration need. ‘Level of water Moisture tension Field capacity (water is [1/10 to 1/3 available for plant. Plant can extract it very easily) ‘Optimum moisture content | T (water is still available to plant 50 to 60% of field capacity level. Plant ‘manages to extract water) Permanent wilting point (high | atm — 32aim soil moisture tension. Plant can not extract this water). 91. The total depth of water required by a crop during the entire period the crop is in the field If A is depth, B is base period and D is duty, then the relation between delta and duty in meters is given by : 8.643 11.20 a) A= A= @ D (b) B 8.64D 11.28 ©) A= @ A= © 3 @ > HPSSC JE - 18.04.2021 Rajasthan JEn (Diploma) 2020 Rajasthan JEn (Degree) 2020 1B JE -23.10.2019 First Shift DSSSB JE 23.10.2019, Shift-II M.P. VYAPAM Sub Engg. 4.9.2018, 2.00 pm DMRC JE 12.04.2018 HPSSC JE Code 386/2018 Rajasthan JEn (Diploma) 2016 Shift-1 ‘Chandigarh JE 17.07.2016 KPSC JE Code 13772014 SSC JE 2011 (Morning ) Mizoram PSC 26.03.2010 Paper-Il WBPSC JE 2007, WBPSC JE 2005 WBPSC SAE 2004, WBPSC SAE 2003 WBPSC SAE 2000 oR The relationship between the duty D ha/eumecs, the water depth A in em and base period B in days, is: (a) A=864 B/D (b) A= 864 DIB (©) A=864B/D(D) (@) B= 864. A/D MIDC 25.08.2021 Shift-1 GPSC AE (NWR) Class-2, 05.09.2021 DSSSB JE (Mains) 20.03.2021 (Evening) is known as UKSSSC JE 2017 (PTCUL, UPCL (a) Delta (b) Duty [Ans. (a) If D is the duty of water on the field in| (©) Base period (d) Crop Period hectare per cumec, A is the total depth of water in meter MIDC 25.08.2021 Shift-1 | |supplied to a crop growing on the field during the entire [base period and B the base period in days. [Then, the total quantity of water supplied for growing a| BMC TA 2019 | crop on the field = D x A ha-m = D x A x 10* cubic Kerala PSC Draftsman 2019 | |meter. SJVNL JE 07.10.2018 ||Further, for the same field of area D hectare for growing Mizoram PSC (PWD) Paper-II, March 2020 Kerala JID 12.12.2019 DSSSB JE 4.11.2019, Afternoon HPSSC JE Code 438/2018 KPSC Overseer, Gr-II, Irri. Dept. (code 42/2017) Odisha JE (Mains) 2015 KPSC Code 96/2016, JKSSB J [Ans. (a) : Delta—The total depth of water (in em) Duty—Usually defined as area irrigated using 1 cumec| jof water applied to land continuously for entire base| period of the crop. (hectares/cumec) Total depth of water applied over an irrigated land at| different watering throughout entire base period. It is| denoted by A and expressed in cm of m. 93. a= y D where, A= Meters B = Base period in days D=hec/cumee la crop, if water is supplied at the rate of 1 cumec for lentire base pe Jorg | |The total quanti required by a crop to come to maturity is called its delta,|||D A x 10" od of B days. of water supplied to the field. = 1x Bx 24 x 60 x 60 cubic meter 8.64 x 10°B 8.64xB D ha/cumec 8.64xB | _ 8648 D D The intensity of irrigation means (a) percentage of culturable commanded area to be irrigated annually (b) percentage of gross commanded area to be irrigated annually (©) percentage of the mean of culturable commanded area and the gross commanded area to be irrigated annually ‘cm Trrivation Envineerine 502 YcCT (@) total depth of water supplied by the number of watering SC JE 43.2017, Morning Shift HPSSC JE 2015, WBPSC SAE 2002 ‘Ans. (a): Intensity of irrigation— The intensity of| imvigation is defined as the percentage of the culturable command area proposed to be irrigated annually. +The area irrigated during each crop season (Rabi or Kharif) is expressed is a percentage of the! culturable commanded area, which represents the intensity of irrigation for the crop season, Yearly intensity of irrigation may be obtained by adding the intensities of irrigation for all the crop seasons. /Exp.— If intensity of irrigation for Rabi is 50% and that of Kharif is 60% then yearly intensity of irrigation will be 110%, 94. The relation between the area of crop irrigated and the quantity of irrigation water required during the entire period of the growth of that crop is known as : NWDA JE 01.08.2021 SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Afternoon) ‘ASSAM PSC JE 27.12.2020 MH Nagpur Zila Parishad 2015 WBPSC SAE 2003 OR ‘The relation between the area irrigated and the quantity of water used is expressed as (a) Duty (b) Delta (©) Base period (d) Crop period ‘MIDC 25.08.2021 Shift-1 KPSC Overscer/Draftsman 2020 M.P. VYAPAM Draftsman 1.9.2018 9.00 am ‘Ans. (a) : Duty-The duty of water is the relationship| between the volume of water and the area of the crop it matures. Or It is defined as the area irrigated cume running for base period B. represented by 'D’ Delta-tt is the total depth of water required by crop| |during the entire base period and is represented by the| symbol ‘A’ Base period—The number of day between time of first Iwatering to the time of last watering is called as the| [base period 'B' 95, of discharge] ‘The duty is generally| ‘Consumptive use refers to the loss of water as a result of (a) evaporation and transpiration (b) crop water requirement (©) evaporation and infiltration (@) evaporation and transpiration cropped area from the JPSC AE Paper-II 10.04.2021 GPSC AAE (GMC) Class-3, 19.09.2021 [Ans. (d) : Consumptive use refers to the loss of water as| la result of evaporation and transpiration from the lcropped area. lin consumptive use irrigation losses are not considered. 96. Kor watering is (a) First watering to crop when crop is few centimeter high (b) Watering to crop anytime when crop is few centimeter high (c) First watering to land. (@) All ofthese JE 23.03.2021 (Morning) HPSSC JE - 18.04.2021 HPPCL JE Civil 13.02.2021 MP Sub Engineer 2020 ESIC 2019 HPSSC JE Code 51972018 [Ans. (a) : Kor- watering:- It is first watering after a| lcrop has grown to a few centimeters or the second| lwatering from the beginning. Js- Kor watering generally requires maximum depth of] lwater called kor- depth and is therefore important for ldesigning irrigation channels. ‘The period of kor lwatering is called kor-period 97. Inirrigation, duty is largest HPPSC AE (PWD) 19.09.2021 Chandigarh JE (Municipal Corp.) 05.09.2021 or The duty of irrigation water for a given crop is maximum (2) Atthe head of the main canal (b) At the head of the water course (©) On the field (d) None of these RRPSC Lect. (Tech Edu) Papert 2021 JE Code 519/2018, Nagaland PSC JE 2016 Paper ‘Odisha JE (Mains) 02.08.2015 MH Nagpur Zila Parishad 2015 ‘Odisha JE (Main) 2014 [Ans. (c) : Duty is the area that can be irrigated by the| discharge of | cumec of water. J+ Duty of water changes from place to place, it will be lmaximum at the field and minimum at the head of the canal Trrivation Envineering 503 YCT 98. Lysimeter is used to measure (a) Infiltration (b) Evaporation (©) Evapotranspiration (d) Vapour pressure JPSC AE Paper-II 10.04.2021 WB AE 2020 Mizoram PSC JE PWD 2018 Paper-I KPSC Overseer, Gr--lII, Irri, Dept. (Code 148/2017) Maharashtra PSC HOD 5.10.2014 [Ans. (¢) Lysimeter used to measure Evapotranspiration. Infiltrometer & rainfall simulator used for measurement of infiltration. [Atnometer is used to measure evaporation. 99. If the depth is 8.64 cm on a field over a base period of 10 days, than the duty is is (a) 10 hectares per cum/s (b) 100 hectares per cum/s (©) 864 hectares per cum/s (@)_ 1000 hectares per cum’s GPSC AAE (GMO) Class-3, 19.09.2021 UKSSSC JE 20.12.2020 Morning Rajasthan JE (Diploma) 2016 Shift II IESE 2000] [Ans. (d) Given data Delta 'A’= 8.64 em. = 0.0864 m. Base period 'B’ = 10 days, 8.643 Duty 'D'= 8.6410 0.0864 1D = 1000 hectare/eumee: 100. The ratio of the quanti root zone of the crops to the quantity of water actually delivered in the field is known as (a) Water conveyance efficiency (b) Water application efficiency (©) Water used efficiency (d) None of these RPSC ACF and FRO 24.02.2021 Lect. (Tech.Edu.) Paper-II 2021 JKPSC AE 25.08.2021 DSSSB JE 20.11.2019, Evening BSPHCL29.01.2019 Shift-II DMRC JE 13.4.2018 2nd Shift WBPSC JE 2018 KPCL JE 2018 HPSSC JE 2015, of water stored in the RPS 101, ‘The water content at which plants can no- longer extract sufficient water from the soil for its growth, is called Kerala PSC Overseer Draftsman Gr-II 27.07.2021 ESE 18.07.2021 or ‘The state of the soil when plants fail to extract sufficient water for their requirements is .. (a) maximum saturated poi (b) permanent wilting point (©) ultimate utilization point (@)_ None of these SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift MH PWD 2016 [Ans. (b) Permanent wilting point — Permanent wilting] point is that water content at which plants can no longer lextract sufficient water from the soil for its growth. | It is at the lower end of the available moisture range. |- If the plant does not got sufficient water to. meet] Ineeds. It is called permanent wilting point, 102, Which of these is a Rabi season crop? (a) Maize (b) Wheat (©) Rive (d) Sorghum DSSSB AE 26.09.2021 DSSSB AE 27.09.2021 Shift-3 UPPCL JE 25.02.2020 [Ans. (b) : Rabi Crop- Sown month (Sept & Oct) Harvesting month (March & April) Ex— Gram, Wheat, Barley, Peas. [Kharif Crop— Sown month (April & May) [Harvesting month (September & Oct). Ex— Maize, Rice, cotton, Jowar, Bajra, 103. If the irrigation efficiency is 80%, conveyance losses are 20% and the actual depth of watering is 16 em, the depth of water required at the canal outlet is (@) 10cm (©) 200m (b) 15cm (a) 25em HPSSC JE 10.08.2021 JE 4.3.2017, Morning Shift © 26.03.2010 Paper-IL Ans. (d) Irrigation effic Conveyance losses = 20% actual depth of irrigation = 16 em Depth of water required at the canal outlet = x ‘Ans. (b) : Efficiency of water application (1), It is the ratio of water (quantity) stored in the root zone lof the crops to the quantity of water actually delivered into the field + It takes into consideration water loss in the field ~* x10] in, 2 (ote ( 80 ( 16) (xi90) (00) 0.64x= 16 AS

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