Combat vehicles

Department of electrical power engineering

Submitted TO –COL TEMSEGEN

Submitted BY-YOSEF TSEGAYE

RDEG 124/11
 1 – Explain types of wiring system
Vehicle wiring systems can be broadly categorized into two main
types:

1. Single Wire System:

 In a single wire system, a single wire is used to carry the
electrical current from the power source (usually the battery) to
various components in the vehicle.
 Grounding is achieved through the vehicle's chassis. The chassis
serves as the return path for the electrical current.
 This type of system is simpler and less expensive but may have
limitations in terms of the amount of electrical power it can
efficiently transmit.
2. Two Wire or Insulated Return System:
 In a two-wire system, a pair of wires is used for each electrical
circuit. One wire carries the current from the power source to the
load (such as lights, motors, or sensors), and the other wire
serves as the return path.
 The return wire is insulated and runs separately from the
chassis, preventing unintended grounding and reducing the risk
of electrical interference.
 Two-wire systems are more common in modern vehicles as they
offer better control over electrical circuits and reduce the risk of
electrical faults.
Vehicle wiring systems can be categorized based on their complexity, and
the two main types are:

1. Conventional Wiring System:

 In a conventional wiring system, individual wires are used to connect
each electrical component to the power source (usually the vehicle
battery) and the ground.
 The wiring harness consists of numerous individual wires, each serving
a specific function. For example, there are separate wires for the
headlights, taillights, ignition system, sensors, and other electrical
components.
 Conventional wiring systems can become complex and challenging to
manage as the number of electrical components in a vehicle increases.
2. Multiplex Wiring System:
 A multiplex wiring system, also known as a multiplexed network or
multiplex wiring, simplifies the wiring architecture by using a
communication network to share information among various
electronic components.
 In a multiplex system, a central computer or body control module
(BCM) is responsible for managing communication between different
components. Instead of running individual wires for each function, the
components are connected to a network, and the BCM controls the
flow of information.
 Multiplex wiring reduces the amount of physical wiring needed,
making the overall system more streamlined and lighter.
 It also allows for easier diagnostics and troubleshooting as the BCM
can monitor the status of various components and report issues.

Vehicle wiring systems can be broadly categorized based on their

architecture and complexity. The two main types are:

1. Conventional Wiring System:

 Description: In a conventional or traditional wiring system,

individual wires are used to connect each electrical component

to the power source (typically the vehicle battery) and ground.
Each component has a dedicated wire or set of wires for power
and ground connections.
 Characteristics:

 Individual Wiring: Each electrical function has its own

dedicated set of wires, creating a network of individual

circuits throughout the vehicle.
 Simplicity: Conventional wiring systems are relatively simple

in design, making them easier to understand and repair.

 Wiring Harness: The collection of all these wires bundled

together is referred to as a wiring harness.

2. Multiplex Wiring System:
 Description: In a multiplex wiring system, communication buses
or networks are used to transmit information between various
electronic control units (ECUs) and sensors throughout the
 vehicle. Instead of having dedicated wires for each function,
components share data over the network.
 Characteristics:
 Data Communication: Components communicate with each
other through a central computer or a network, reducing the
need for extensive individual wiring.
 Reduced Wiring: Multiplexing reduces the overall amount of

wiring in the vehicle, contributing to weight reduction and

improved fuel efficiency.
 Centralized Control: A central control unit, often referred to

as a body control module (BCM) or similar, manages the flow

of information between different vehicle systems.
 Advanced Features: Multiplex systems enable the
integration of advanced features, such as electronic
stability control, advanced driver-assistance systems
(ADAS), and in-vehicle communication systems.

Vehicle wiring systems can be broadly categorized based on their

architecture and complexity. The two main types are:

1. Conventional Wiring System:

 Description: In a conventional or traditional wiring system, individual
wires are used to connect each electrical component to the power
source (typically the vehicle battery) and ground. Each component has
a dedicated wire or set of wires for power and ground connections.
 Characteristics:
 Individual Wiring: Each electrical function has its own dedicated
set of wires, creating a network of individual circuits throughout
the vehicle.
 Simplicity: Conventional wiring systems are relatively simple in
design, making them easier to understand and repair.
 Wiring Harness: The collection of all these wires bundled
together is referred to as a wiring harness.
2. Multiplex Wiring System:
 Description: In a multiplex wiring system, communication buses or
networks are used to transmit information between various electronic
control units (ECUs) and sensors throughout the vehicle. Instead of
 having dedicated wires for each function, components share data over
the network.
 Characteristics:
 Data Communication: Components communicate with each other
through a central computer or a network, reducing the need for
extensive individual wiring.
 Reduced Wiring: Multiplexing reduces the overall amount of
wiring in the vehicle, contributing to weight reduction and
improved fuel efficiency.
 Centralized Control: A central control unit, often referred to as a
body control module (BCM) or similar, manages the flow of
information between different vehicle systems.
 Advanced Features: Multiplex systems enable the integration of
advanced features, such as electronic stability control, advanced
driver-assistance systems (ADAS), and in-vehicle communication
systems.
 2-What kind of wiring system we use in combat vehicle especially
for T-55 and also explain equipment's use different types of wiring
system and why each comports use the wiring diagram.

1. Conventional Wiring System:

 Description: Many combat vehicles, including older models like the T-
55, often employ conventional wiring systems for critical functions. In
this setup, individual wires connect each electrical component directly
to the power source and ground.
 Characteristics:
 Reliability: Conventional wiring is known for its simplicity and
reliability, which is crucial in combat scenarios where the vehicle
may face extreme conditions.
 Ease of Maintenance: The straightforward nature of conventional
wiring makes it easier to troubleshoot and repair in the field.
 Durability: Combat vehicles require robust wiring systems to
withstand vibrations, shocks, and potential damage during
military operations.
2. Multiplex Wiring System:
 Description: Some modern combat vehicles, especially those with
advanced electronic systems, may incorporate multiplex wiring. This
allows for a centralized control system to manage communication
between various electronic components.
 Characteristics:
 Reduced Wiring: Multiplex systems help reduce the amount of
physical wiring, contributing to weight savings and increased
efficiency.
 Advanced Features: Multiplexing facilitates the integration of
advanced technologies, such as electronic control of weapon
systems, communication systems, and other mission-critical
functions.
 Diagnostic Capabilities: Centralized control allows for better
diagnostics, monitoring, and management of the vehicle's
electronic systems.

Why Wiring Diagrams are Essential: Wiring

diagrams are crucial in combat vehicles for several
reasons:
1. Maintenance and Repairs: Combat vehicles may need maintenance and
repairs in the field. Wiring diagrams provide detailed visual representations
 of the vehicle's electrical system, aiding technicians in identifying,
troubleshooting, and repairing issues.
2. Training: Wiring diagrams are used for training military personnel in the
maintenance and operation of combat vehicles. They provide a
comprehensive understanding of the electrical systems.
3. System Integration: For vehicles with multiplex wiring systems, wiring
diagrams help in the integration of various electronic systems. They show
how different components communicate and share data.
4. Mission Readiness: Wiring diagrams contribute to mission readiness by
ensuring that the vehicle's electrical systems are correctly configured and
functioning as intended. They are essential for pre-mission checks and
troubleshooting.

In summary, combat vehicles like the T-55 may use a combination

of conventional and multiplex wiring systems, with wiring
diagrams playing a crucial role in maintenance, training, system
integration, and mission readiness. The choice of wiring system
depends on the vehicle's design, technological requirements, and
the need for advanced features in modern military operations.
The T-55 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that was widely used during the Cold War
era. The wiring system in combat vehicles, including the T-55, is crucial for the operation
of various equipment and systems onboard. While I can provide you with a general
overview, please note that specific details about the wiring system of the T-55 may vary
depending on the version and modifications made to individual tanks.

The wiring system of a combat vehicle like the T-55 typically consists of a network of
electrical cables, connectors, switches, and control devices. It serves to distribute power
and transmit signals between different components and systems within the vehicle. The
main purpose of the wiring system is to ensure reliable and efficient communication
between various equipment, sensors, and control units.

The equipment and systems in a combat vehicle, such as the T-55, can vary depending on
the specific configuration and mission requirements. Here are some examples of
equipment commonly found in combat vehicles and their use in relation to the wiring
system:

Engine and Powertrain Systems: The T-55 is powered by a diesel engine, which requires
electrical power for ignition and control systems. The wiring system facilitates the
transmission of power and signals between the engine, fuel system, battery, starter
motor, and other related components.

Communication Systems: Combat vehicles are equipped with communication systems for
internal crew communication and external communication with other vehicles or
command centers. The wiring system enables the connection of radios, intercom
systems, antennas, and associated controls, allowing effective communication in the
battlefield.

Fire Control Systems: The T-55 is equipped with a fire control system that includes a
range of sensors, such as gunner sights, ballistic computers, and gun stabilization
mechanisms. The wiring system plays a crucial role in connecting these sensors to the
central control unit, allowing precise targeting and firing of the tank's main gun.

Vehicle Control Systems: Combat vehicles have various control systems, including
steering, braking, and suspension systems. The wiring system facilitates the transmission
of control signals between the driver's controls, such as the steering wheel or pedals,
and the respective actuators or control units responsible for executing the desired
actions.

Environmental and Auxiliary Systems: Combat vehicles may have auxiliary systems, such
as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), as well as various sensors for
monitoring environmental conditions. The wiring system enables the connection of
these systems to their respective controls and power sources.

Each component and system in a combat vehicle requires a specific wiring diagram to
ensure proper installation, operation, and maintenance. Wiring diagrams provide
detailed information about the routing of cables, the connection points, and the
electrical characteristics of the circuits involved. These diagrams are essential for
troubleshooting electrical issues, identifying faults, and conducting repairs or upgrades.
It's important to note that the specific wiring diagrams and
configurations can vary depending on the manufacturer, version,
and modifications made to the combat vehicle. Therefore,
consulting the technical documentation and manuals provided by
the vehicle's manufacturer or relevant military authorities is
crucial for accurate and specific information regarding the wiring
system of a particular combat vehicle like the T-55.