Introduction:

The quantity of oxygen dissolved in water is known as dissolved oxygen (DO), and it is a
crucial metric for evaluating the quality of water. For aquatic animals like fish, invertebrates, and
plants to survive, it is essential. The solubility of oxygen in water is affected by several variables,
such as salinity, temperature, and pressure. greater pressure improves the solubility of oxygen,
colder water holds more dissolved oxygen than warmer water, and lower salinity water can hold
more dissolved oxygen than greater salinity water. Diffusion from the atmosphere,
photosynthesis by algae and aquatic plants, and aeration from water movement like waves and
rapids are some of the ways that DO enters water.

The amount of dissolved oxygen in water bodies is greatly impacted by human activity and
wastewater treatment. Increased microbial activity and oxygen consumption can result from the
introduction of organic matter and nutrients into water bodies through industrial process
discharges, agricultural runoff, and untreated sewage. Wastewater treatment facilities, such as
those run by Indah Water Konsortium Sdn. Bhd., are essential in reducing these impacts because
they eliminate impurities and guarantee that treated water that is discharged back into natural
water bodies complies with environmental regulations. To evaluate the efficacy of treatment
procedures and safeguard aquatic life against hypoxic (low oxygen) or anoxic (no oxygen)
conditions, which can result in severe marine life die-offs, it is imperative to monitor the dissolved
oxygen levels in treated wastewater.

A modern dissolved oxygen meter like the YSI Model 5000 may be used to measure the
dissolved oxygen levels in water samples with accuracy. This device is appropriate for both
laboratory and field applications because it uses an electrochemical sensor, which has great
sensitivity and quick reaction times. The YSI 5000 is well known for its accuracy and dependability
in measuring DO levels, which is crucial for ensuring accurate evaluations of water quality.

Objective:

a) To determine the dissolved oxygen concentration in a water sample

Material And Apparatus

a) Chemicals/Solutions:
I. Water samples
II. Distilled water for rinsing

b) Equipment/ Glassware:
I. YSI 5000-W dissolved oxygen meter
II. Dissolved oxygen probe (compatible with YSI 5000-W)
III. Clean 100 mL Beaker
Procedure DO:

1. Transfer the water sample that was taken from the intended source into a clean beaker.
To prevent infection, make sure you properly rinse the beaker. Give the sample time to
get acquainted to the testing environment's ambient temperature, if necessary.
2. Set up the probe in line with the guidelines found in the Probe Operations Manual.
3. Attach the measuring instrument to the probe.
4. To switch the instrument on, press the turn-on button. Make that all connections are
connected correctly and that the sensor is securely attached to the meter.
5. Give the probe at least 15 to 20 minutes for polarization and for the temperature to
stabilize. Premature calibration will cause results to drift and perhaps exceed
specification.
6. To switch to the Calibration mode, press the [CALIBRATE] soft key. This screen will
show up.
7. As indicated under Dissolved Oxygen, enter the barometric pressure as of right now.
8. Make sure that the display readings are stable and calibrate the dissolved oxygen by
pressing the [AUTO CAL] soft key. The machine will either sound a beep or display the
phrase "D.O. CALIBRATION SAVED" for a short while.
9. To get back to the Main mode, press [MODE]. Now that it has been calibrated, the
device is prepared to measure dissolved oxygen.
10. Make sure the sensing device is completely submerged and not in contact with the
container's sides or bottom when you carefully lower the sensor into the water sample.
To guarantee reliable readings, let the sensor a few moments to stabilize.
11. Take note of the dissolved oxygen concentration shown on the meter when the sensor
has stabilized. Additional data like temperature and salinity, which might affect
dissolved oxygen levels, may also be provided by some meters.
12. To guarantee a representative sample, take many measurements at various points
across the water body if needed. Between readings, gently stir the water sample to
guarantee that the dissolved oxygen is distributed evenly.
13. After every measurement is finished, record the information, and do an analysis. To
evaluate the condition of the aquatic environment, compare the observed dissolved
oxygen concentrations to specified water quality criteria or guidelines.
14. Rinse the sensor and any additional equipment with clean water after finishing the
measurements to get rid of any left residue or contaminants. To preserve the sensor's
functionality, store it as directed by the manufacturer.