Babylonian Exile
Exile - expel and bar (someone) from their
native country, typically for political or punitive
reasons.
Babylonian - Babylonia, ancient cultural region
occupying southeastern Mesopotamia between
the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (modern southern
Iraq from around Baghdad to the Persian Gulf).
Babylonian Map
Neo-Babylonian empire, ancient Middle Eastern
empire with its capital at Babylon.
Israel
In the 100 BC, King Saul established the
Israelites Monarchy
King David - jerusalem
King Solomon - nagtatag ng Solomon Temple in
jerusalem, Israel.
Israel
After the Death of King Solomon the United
Monarchy was split into Two
931 BC
Kingdom of Israel - samaria
Kingdom of Judah- jerusalem
Josiah was briefly succeeded his son Jehoahaz,
But Jehoahaz would be captured and taken
hostage by the egyptians, This replaced him
with his brother Jehoiakim.
II CHRONICLES 36:4
And the king of Egypt made Eliakim his brother
king over Judah and Jerusalem, and changed his
name of Jehoiakim. But Neco took Jehoahaz, his
brother and carried him to Egypt.
despite this victory against judah the egyptians
were defeated by the Babylonians at Carcamish
in 605 and retreated back across the Sinai
II Kings 23:34
And Pharaoh-nechoh made Eliakim the son of
Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father, and
turned his name to Jehoiakim, and took
Jehoahaz away: and he came to Egypt, and died
there.
JEREMIAH 46:2
Against Egypt, against the army of Pharaoh
Necho king of Egypt, which was by the river
Euphrates in Carchemish, which
Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon smote in the
fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king
of Judah.
- The Babylonian Captivity was a period of
time when the Jewish people were exiled in
Babylon from their home in Israel. The King of
Judah had refused to pay taxes to Babylon for
three years. As a result, Jerusalem was captured
by the Babylonians, who declared war on Judah.
- The Babylonian army under the command of
the New King Nebuchadnezzar II passed
through,
In order to prevent the destruction of Jerusalem,
Jehoiakim handed over a number of treasures
from the temple to the Babylonianians along
with taking a number of hostages from the royal
family and judean nobility among them being
the future Prophet Daniel,
II CHRONICLES 36:18
And all the vessels of the house of God, great
and small, and the treasures of the house of the
LORD, and the treasures of the king, and of his
princes; all these he brought to Babylon.
In 601 the Babylonians attempted a failed
invasion of egypt which disrupted Babylonian
control over levant.
He remained loyal for three years and then
revolted against Nebuchadnezzer. But in 598 the
Babylonians laid siege to the city and regained
control. Jehoiakim died during the siege and was
briefly succeeded by his own son Jehoiachin.
II Kings 24:8
Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he
became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem for
three months. His mother’s name was Nehushta
daughter of Elnathan; she was from Jerusalem.
II Kings 24:10
At that time the servants of Nebuchadnezzar,
king of Babylon came up against Jerusalem, and
the city was besieged.
After three months the Babylonians replaced
him with his Uncle Zedekiah.
II Chronicles 36:11
Zedekiah was one and twenty years old when he
began to reign, and reigned eleven years in
Jerusalem.
Zedekiah
Zedekiah was the twentieth and final King of
Judah before the conquest of the kingdom by
Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon.
After the siege of Jerusalem in 598 BC,
Nebuchadnezzar II deposed king Jeconiah and
installed his uncle Mattanyahu instead, changing
his name to Zedekiah.
588 BC - 586 BC
Zedekiah formed an alliance with Egypt and
revolted against the Babylonians. Due to that,
Nebuchadnezzar II came back and besieged
Jerusalem again.
II CHRONICLES 36:19
And they burnt the house of God, and broke
down the wall of Jerusalem, and burnt all the
palaces thereof with fire, and destroyed all the
goodly vessels thereof.
II CHRONICLES 36:20
And them that had escaped from the sword
carried he away to Babylon; where they were
servants to him and his sons until the reign of
the kingdom of Persia:
During the Babylonian Exile
Those who survived the war brought by
Nebuchadnezzar II and the Babylonian army to
Jerusalem, were forced to walk from Jerusalem
to Babylon.
In the midst of this calamity comes a message of
hope from Jerusalem the prophet urges the exiles
to rebuild their lives in Babylon.
JEREMIAH 29:5
Build ye houses, and dwell in them; and plant
gardens, and eat the fruit of them;
JEREMIAH 29:10
For thus saith the LORD, That after seventy
years be accomplished at Babylon I will visit
you, and perform my good word toward you, in
causing you to return to this place.
Ezekiel 34:10
Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against
the shepherds; and I will require my flock at
their hand, and cause them to cease from feeding
the flock; neither shall the shepherds feed
themselves anymore; for I will deliver my flock
from their mouth, that they may not be meat for
them.
The Jews embrace Babylonian customs and
language, engage in farming and commerce and
acquire wealth and status.
As the Jews thrive in Babylon their ties to the
land of Israel go weaker.
The Babylonian kings treated minorities
ruthlessly, under their rule the Jews would never
have a chance to go back to the land of Israel.
Three Captivities
1. Jehoiakim, also called Eliakim, was put into
power by Pharaoh Neco who had killed his
brother. Babylon attacked Judah and Jehoiakim
surrendered to Babylon for three years, but he
rebelled and Judah suffered its first devastating
blow by Nebuchadnezzar. Nebuchadnezzar took
away many in the ruling class. This is the wave
that took Daniel into captivity (II Kings
23:34-24:6; Daniel 1:1-4).
2. Jehoiachin, also called Coniah or Jeconiah,
only managed to reign three months under
Babylon. He was carted away in the second
attack by Nebuchadnezzar along with the middle
class, craftsmen, and the remainder of the upper
class. In this attack, the treasures of Israel were
carted off to Babylon. This was the wave that
took Ezekiel into captivity (II Kings 24:6-16).
3. Zedekiah, also called Mattaniah, managed to
reign eleven years before rebelling and the third
wave destroyed what was left of Judah. Most of
Jeremiah deals with Zedekiah's reign. (II Kings
24:17-25:21).
Cyrus the Great
In 539 BCE, the mighty army of Cyrus the Great
(King of Persia and media) conquered Babylon.
Cyrus declared jubilantly that all nations
including the jews were now permitted to return
to their homeland and rebuild their temples
Edict of Cyrus
EZRA 1:2
Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, The LORD God
of heaven hath given me all the kingdoms of the
earth; and he hath charged me to build him a
house at Jerusalem, which is in Judah.
EZRA 1:3
Who is there among you of all his people? His
God be with him, and let him go up to
Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the
house of the LORD God of Israel, (he is the
God,) which is in Jerusalem.
Cyrus Cylinder
The Cyrus Cylinder is an ancient clay cylinder,
now broken into several pieces, on which is
written an Achaemenid royal inscription in
Akkadian cuneiform script in the name of
Persian king Cyrus the Great.
EZRA 1:7
Also Cyrus the king brought forth the vessels of
the house of the LORD, which Nebuchadnezzar
had brought forth out of Jerusalem, and had put
them in the house of his gods;
The Return to Jerusalem
The Jews were exhilarated by the edict Cyrus,
the land of Israel was once again accessible the
return to Zion began.
What evidence is there from outside the Bible
for conditions in Babylon during the exile?
Excavations at Babylon have surfaced a variety
of so-called assignment lists. These texts list
names of prisoners at the Babylonian court who
were allowed rations of food.
A group of cuneiform inscriptions from al
Ya-hu-du (“the city of Judah/Yehud”) and some
other places in southern Mesopotamia, indicate
that exiled Judaeans were working as pioneers in
newly reclaimed agricultural areas.
Sheep wolves and Doves, and the Wrong
Translations
Wrong translation of Romans 3:3
1 Tesalonica 2:3-4 (ADB)
3. Sapagka’t ang aming iniaaral ay hindi sa
kamalian, ni sa karumihan, ni sa pagdaraya.
4. Kundi kung paanong kami'y minarapat ng
Dios upang pagkatiwalaan kami ng evangelio,
ay gayon namin sinasalita; hindi gaya ng
nangagbibigay lugod sa mga tao, kundi sa Diyos
na sumusubok ng aming mga puso.
II Corinto 5:18 ( ADB)
Datapuwa't ang lahat mga bagay ay pawang sa
Dios, na pinakipagkasundo tayo sa kaniya rin sa
pamamagitan ni Cristo, at ibinigay sa amin ang
ministerio sa pagkakasundo;
Mateo 18:18 (ADB)
Katotohanang sinasabi ko sa inyo, na ang lahat
ng mga bagay na inyong talian sa lupa ay
tinatalian sa langit: at ang lahat ng mga bagay na
inyong kalagan sa lupa ay kinakalagan sa langit.
Juan 20:21 (ADB)
At nang masabi niya ito, sila’y hinangahan niya,
at sa kanila’y sinabi, tanggapin ninyo ang
Espiritu Santo:
Wrong translations of Genesis 1:1
Only those who have number on letters are the
original translation of Gen 1:1.
Meaning, the original translation is "Beginning
God created heaven and earth".
Issue of this verse is dinadagdagan ng "in the"
kaya namali yung diwa.
Genesis 1:1
In the beginning God created the heavens and
the earth.
John 1:1
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word
was with God, and the Word was God.
Proverbs 8:22
The Lord possessed me in the beginning of his
way, before his works of old.
Genesis 1: 7-8
And God made the firmament, and divided the
waters which were under the firmament from the
waters which were above the firmament: and it
was so.
8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And
the evening and the morning were.
Genesis 1: 2
And the earth was without form, and void; and
darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the
Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
Note: *scientists believe that the universe can be
as old as 13 billion years while the earth is 4 to
4.5 billion years old
Genesis 1:3-5
3 And God said, Let there be light: and there
was light.
4 And God saw the light, that it was good: and
God divided the light from the darkness.
5 And God called the light Day, and the
darkness he called Night. And the evening and
the morning were the first day.
Deuteronomy 11:21
That your days may be multiplied, and the days
of your children, in the land which the LORD
swore unto your fathers to give them, as the days
of heaven upon the earth
Genesis 1:14-16
14 And God said, Let there be lights in the
firmament of the heaven to divide the day from
the night; and let them be for signs, and for
seasons, and for days, and years:
15 And let them be for lights in the firmament of
the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it
was so.
16 And God made two great lights; the greater
light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule
the night: the stars also.
Wrong Translation “Langit”
Ang Dating Biblia translation
GENESIS 1:1 (ADB) Nang pasimula ay nilikha
ng Dios ang langit at ang lupa.
Note: Dapat "MGA LANGIT" yan dahil may
tatlong langit, ayon sa Biblia
Supporting Verses for “tatlong langit”
GENESIS 1:8 (KJV)
And God called the firmament Heaven. And the
evening and the morning were the second day.
(UNANG LANGIT)
II CORINTHIANS 12:2 (KJV)
I knew a man in Christ above fourteen years
ago, (whether in the body, I cannot tell; or
whether out of the body, I cannot tell: God
knoweth;) such a one caught up to the third
heaven. (IKATLONG LANGIT)
Sheep, Wolves, and Doves
Tupa
Awit 79:13 (ADB)
Sa gayo’y kaming iyo ng bayan at mga tupa sa
pastulan mo nagpapasalamat sa iyo
magpakailanman: Aming ipakikilala ang iyong
kapurihan sa lahat ng mga lahi.
Awit 95:7 (ADB)
Sapagka't siya'y ating Dios, At tayo'y bayan ng
kaniyang pastulan, at mga tupa ng kaniyang
kamay. Ngayon, kung inyong didinggin ang
kaniyang tinig!
Awit 100:3 (ADB)
Alamin ninyo na ang Panginoon ay siyang Dios;
Siya ang lumalang sa atin, at tayo'y kaniya:
Tayo'y kaniyang bayan, at mga tupa ng kaniyang
pastulan.
Ezekiel 34:31 (ADB)
At kayong mga tupa ko, na mga tupa sa aking
pastulan ay mga tao, at ako'y inyong Dios, sabi
ng Panginoong Dios.
Sheep’s Behavior
Avoiding predators
Sheep flock closely together whenever they feel
threatened, and try to maintain a 'flight distance'
between themselves and a potential threat. They
have good eyesight, with a wide field of vision,
and accurate hearing, which helps them spot
possible threats
Sheep’s Cognitive Abilities
Sheep intelligence
Scientific evidence shows that sheep can form
complex social relationships within their flocks,
and have extremely good learning abilities and
memories. In one study reported by the BBC,
sheep were able to remember sheep over a
period of several years.
JUAN 10:16 (ADB)
At kayong mga tupa ko, na mga tupa sa aking
pastulan ay mga tao, at ako'y inyong Dios, sabi
ng Panginoong Dios.
Sheep’s Sense of Smell
Sheep have a very excellent sense of smell. They
have scent glands in front of their eyes and on
their feet.
LOBO
Gawa 20:29 (ADB)
Aking talastas na pag alis ko ay magsisi pasok sa
inyo ang mga ganid na lobo, na hindi
mangagawa patawad sa kawan;
Mateo 7:15 (ADB)
Mangaga ingat kayo sa mga bulaang propeta, na
nagsisilapit sa inyo na may damit tupa,
datapuwa’t sa loob ay mga lobong maninila.
Wolves’ Behavior
Like many carnivores, wolves are generally
afraid of humans and will avoid people,
buildings and roads if possible.
Wolves hate fire and a smokey campfire will
discourage a wolf from coming too near
JEREMIAS 23:29 (ADB)
Hindi baga ang aking salita ay parang apoy?
Sabi ng panginoon; at parang pamukpok na
dumudurog ng bato?
Kalapati
Genesis 8:8- 9 (ADB)
8 At nagpalipad siya ng isang kalapati, upang
tingnan kung humupa na ang tubig sa ibabaw ng
lupa.
9 Datapuwa’t hindi nakasumpong ang kalapati
ng madapuan ng talampakan ng kaniyang paa, at
nagbalik sa kaniya sa sasakyan, sapagka’t ang
tubig ay nangasa ibabaw pa ng buong lupa: at
iniunat ang kanyang kamay at hinawakan, at
ipinasok niya sa sasakyan.
Doves’ Behavior
Doves are vegetarian.
Doves have a primarily vegetarian diet, feeding
on seeds, fruits, grains, and occasionally small
insects. Their delicate beaks are perfectly
designed for picking up and consuming these
plant-based foods.
Jonah Swallowed
About Jonah:
● Son of Amittai (Jonah 1:1)
● Amittai - from Gath-Hepher in
Zebulun.(2 Kings 14:25; Jonah 1:1)
● A prophet sent by God to proclaim a
message to the city of Nineveh. (Jonah
1:2)
● A Hebrew who fear the LORD (Jonah
1:9)
Why did Jonah run away from God?
Jonah believed that God is compassionate, full
of grace, slow to anger, and abounding in love.
(Jonah 4:1-2)
But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was
very angry. And he prayed unto the Lord, and
said, I pray thee, O Lord, was not this my
saying, when I was yet in my country? Therefore
I fled before unto Tarshish: for I knew that thou
art a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger,
and of great kindness, and repentest thee of the
evil. Jonah 4:1-2
The place Jonah go instead of going to
Nineveh
Tarshish - where Jonah fled to, which was in the
opposite direction from Nineveh, then went to
Joppa (Jonah 1:3).
2,500 miles - The approximate distance from
Nineveh to Tarshish.
What happened to Jonah when he tried to
escape?
- A strong wind and a great storm arose at sea.
- Jonah was thrown overboard by the sailors
because they realized he was the cause of the
storm.
- He was swallowed by a large fish and
remained inside it for three days and three nights
before being vomited out (Jonah 1:4).
What did Jonah’s companions do when a
strong wind and big waves hit them?
- They were afraid and each prayed to their god.
- They threw the cargoes into the sea to lighten
their load.
- But Jonah had gone down into the lowest parts
of the ship, had lain down, and was fast asleep.
(Jonah 1:5)
What did Jonah do when a strong wind and
big waves hit them?
He goes down to the innermost part of the ship
and sleeps deeply. (Jonah 1:5)
He confessed to his companions that he was the
reason why the big waves and strong wind were
hitting them, and he told them to throw him into
the ocean. (Jonah 1:12)
Jonah didn't let himself fall into the ocean on
purpose because it would look like suicide.
The men prayed that whatever happened to
Jonah would not harm them, then decided to
throw Jonah after they prayed. (Jonah 1:14-15)
What happened after Jonah was thrown?
He got swallowed by the big/huge fish.
3 days & 3 nights - Jonah remained inside the
fish’s belly.
He prays to the LORD. (Jonah 2:1-5)
The kind of fish that swallowed Jonah
Jonah 2:5
There are seaweeds inside the fish’s belly.
Herbivores - have low gastric acid, which has
since they don’t digest meat.
The big fish has low gastric acid so Jonah can
survive the big fish’s belly.
The big fish who swallowed Jonah was most
likely a herbivore.
Translation (Hebrew) JONAH 1:17
Strong's #1709: dag (pronounced dawg)
or (fully) dag (Nehemiah 13:16) {dawg}; from
1711; a fish (as prolific); or perhaps rather from
1672 (as timid); but still better from 1672 (in the
sense of squirming, i.e. moving by the vibratory
action of the tail); a fish (often used
collectively):--fish.
MATEO 12:40 (ADB) - translate (greek)
Sapagka’t kung paanong si Jonas ay napasa
tiyan ng isang malaking isda na tatlong araw at
tatlong gabi; ay gayon ding mapapasa ilalim ng
lupa na tatlong araw at tatlong gabi ang Anak ng
tao.
Ketos - strong exhaustive concordance whale,
sea, monster. Probably from the base of chasma;
a huge fish (as gaping for prey) - whale.
According to Science
Where did the big fish vomit Jonah?
On dry land. (Jonah 2:10)
How long did Jonah walk from the dry land
to Nineveh?
3 days (Jonah 3:3)
What is the population of Nineveh?
120,000 (Jonah 4:11)
Why was Jonah upset with God?
Because God forgave the people of Nineveh
despite their wickedness. (Jonah 4:2)
PSALMS 95:6
AWIT 95:6 (ADB)
Oh magsiparito kayo,tayo'y magsisamba at
magsiyukod; Tayo'y magsiluhod sa harap ng
Panginoon na May-lalang sa atin.
PSALMS 95:6 (KJV)
O come, let us worship and bow down: let us
kneel before the Lord our maker.
“bow down”

What did God prepare for Jonah?

A plant to provide shade over Jonah's head to

ease his discomfort. (Jonah 4:6)

What did God prepare for Jonah the next KARA

morning?

God prepared a worm that damaged the gourd

plant. (Jonah 4:7)

When the sun rose, God also prepared a

scorching east wind, and the sun blazed on
Jonah's head so that he grew faint. GAWA 20:36 (ADB)

He wanted to die and said, "It would be better At nang makapagsalita na siya ng gayon, ay
for me to die than to live." (Jonah 4:8) nanikluhod siya at nanalanging kasama silang
lahat.
What did God want Jonah to understand?
ACTS 20:36 (KJV)
Jonah 4:9-11 And when he had thus spoken, he kneeled down,
Jonah showed concern about the gourd plant, and prayed with them all.
which he did not tend or make grow.
TITHEMI
It sprang up overnight and died overnight.

And should I not have concern for the great city

of Nineveh, in which there are more than
120,000 people who cannot tell their right hand
from their left—and also many animals?
MATEO 26:39 (ADB)
At lumakad siya sa dako pa roon, at siya’y
nagpatirapa, at nanalangin, na nagsasabi, Ama
ko, kung baga maaari, ay lumampas sa akin ang
sarong ito: gayon ma’y huwag ang ayon sa ibig
ko, kundi ang ayon sa ibig mo.
MATTHEW 26:39 (KJV)
And he went a little farther, and fell on his face,
and prayed, saying, O my Father, if it be
possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless
not as I will, but as thou wilt.
PANALANGIN
MARCOS 11:25 (ADB)
25 At kailanman kayo'y nangakatayong
nagsisipanalangin, mangagpatawad kayo, kung
mayroon kayo ng anomang laban sa kanino man;
upang ang inyong Ama naman na nasa langit ay
patawarin kayo ng inyong mga kasalanan.
MATEO 6:5 (ADB)
At pagka kayo ay nagsisinungaling, ay huwag
kayong gaya ng mga mapagpaimbabaw:
sapagkat iniibig nila ang magsidalangin ng
patayo sa mga sinagoga at sa mga likuang daan,
upang sila'y mangakita ng mga tao.
Katotohanang sinasabi ko sa inyo, Tinanggap na
nila ang sa kanila’y ganti.
MATEO 15:34-36 (ADB)
34 At sinabi ni Jesus sa kanila, Ilang tinapay
mayroon kayo? At sinabi nila, Pito, at ilang
maliliit na isda.
35 At iniutos niya sa karamihan na magsiupo sa
lupa;
36 At kinuha niya ang pitong tinapay at ang mga
isda; at siya'y nagpasalamat at pinagputolputol,
at ibinigay sa mga alagad, at ibinigay naman ng
mga alagad sa mga karamihan.
IMPORTANCE OF PRAYER
FILIPOS 4:6
Huwag kayong mangabalisa sa anomang bagay;
kundi sa lahat ng mga bagay sa pamamagitan ng
panalangin at daing na may pagpapasalamat ay
ipakilala ninyo ang inyong mga kahilingan sa
Dios.
SANTIAGO 5:16
Mangagpahayagan nga kayo sa isa’t isa ng
inyong mga kasalanan, at ipanalangin ng isa’t isa
ang iba, upang kayo’y magsigaling. Malaki ang
nagagawa ng maningas na panalangin ng taong
matuwid.
I TESALONICA 5:17
Magsipanalangin kayong walang patid;
Pangea
Pangea (sometimes spelled pangaea) was a
supercontinent that existed on Earth from 336 to
175 million years ago, during the late Paleozoic
and early Mesozoic eras. The name Pangaea
comes from an ancient Greek word that means
"all lands". Pangaea covered about a third of the
Earth's surface and contained almost all of the
land on the planet, surrounded by a single large
ocean.
Evidence that Supports Pangea
1. The shapes of continents fit together like a
puzzle.
Just look at the east coast of South America and
the west coast of Africa—it's almost a perfect
fit!
2. Identical rocks have been found on different
continents. These rocks formed millions of years
ago before the continents separated. They
formed from the same minerals and under the
same conditions.
EXAMPLE OF IDENTICAL ROCKS
A. Rocks on the west coast of Africa and the
east coast of South America are identical in age
and mineral composition.
B. A 2,000 million-year-old belt of ancient rocks
on the coast of Brazil matches up with rocks in
western Africa.
3. Fossils of the same kind of dinosaurs,
Mesosaurus, have been found in South America
and Africa. These dinosaurs roamed Earth
before the two continents broke apart.
Mesosaurus was a lizard-like animal that lived in
South America and Africa during the Permian
Period. Mesosaurus is considered one of the
earliest aquatic relatives of reptiles and
mammals.
What does the Bible say about Pangea?
GENESIS 1:9
At sinabi ng Dios, Mapisan ang tubig na nasa
silong ng langit sa isang dako, at lumitaw ang
katuyuan, at nagkagayon. (Ang Dating Biblia
1905)
GAWA 17:26
At ginawa niya sa isa ang bawa’t bansa ng mga
tao upang magsipanahan sa balat ng buong lupa,
na itinakda ang kanilang talagang ayos ng mga
kapanahunan at ang mga hangganan ng kanilang
tahanan; (ADB)
ACTS 17:26
And he made from one every nation of men to
live on all the face of the earth, having
determined allotted periods and the boundaries
of their habitation,
Word Origin;
G1093
2
γῆ
Gé
(ghay)
Contracted from a primary word; soil; by
extension a region, or the solid part or the whole
of the terrene globe (including: the occupants in
each application): -country, earth (-ly), ground,
land, world.
Total KJV occurrences: 252
Strong's Hebrew and Greek Dictionaries
What caused the supercontinent Pangea to
separate or break apart?
The supercontinent Pangea began to break apart
about 200 million years ago due to the
movement of tectonic plates.
TECTONIC ACTIVITY
Today, we know that the continents rest on
massive slabs of rock called tectonic plates. The
plates are always moving and interacting in a
process called plate tectonics.
The continents are still moving today. Some of
the most dynamic sites of tectonic activity are
seafloor spreading zones and giant rift valleys.
1. Seafloor Spreading
In the process of seafloor spreading, molten rock
rises from within the Earth and adds new
seafloor (oceanic crust) to the edges of the old.
As the seafloor grows wider, the continents on
opposite sides of the ridge move away from each
other.
Example: the North American and European
continents are separated by the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge.
The two continents are moving away from each
other
2. Giant Rift Valleys
Rift valleys form when tectonic plates beneath
the Earth's surface diverge (or move away from
one another in opposite directions). Africa, for
example, will eventually split along the Great
Rift Valley system.
EARTH MAGNETISM
Earth's magnetism provides evidence of Pangaea
through paleomagnetism, which is the study of
magnetic minerals in rocks to determine the
position of the Earth's magnetic poles when the
rock formed. This evidence supports the idea of
continental drift, or the movement of continents
relative to each other.
Magnetic pole position
For example, paleomagnetic evidence shows
that the North American magnetic pole was
located in China 200 million years ago, while
the European magnetic pole was in the Pacific
Ocean. Since there could only have been one
pole position at that time, this suggests that the
continents have moved relative to each other.
Polar Wandering Curves
Polar wandering curves are graphs that show the
apparent movement of the magnetic pole over
time, based on the remanent magnetization of
rocks.
When the continents are rearranged based on
their positions in Pangaea, the polar wandering
curves for South America, Africa, India, and
Australia overlap, further supporting the idea of
continental movement.
Magnetite Crystals
Geologists use magnetometers to measure the
direction of magnetite crystals in rocks on land
to determine the position of the magnetic pole
when the crystals cooled. Magnetite crystals in
fresh volcanic rocks point to the current
magnetic north pole, so if the pole appears to
have moved, the simplest explanation is that the
continents have moved.
What does the Bible say about this?
GENESIS 10:25
At nagkaanak si Heber ng dalawang lalaki; ang
pangalan ng una'y Peleg; sapagka't sa mga araw
niya'y nahati ang lupa; at ang pangalan ng
kanyang kapatid ay Joctan.
Word Origin:
#6385
ָּ‫פַלג‬
divided palag {paw-lag'}
1) to divide, split
1a) (Niphal) to be split, be divided
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to split, cleave
1b2) to divide
Hebrew OT - Transliteration - Holy Name KJV
1 CRONICA 1:19
At si Heber ay nagkaanak ng dalawang lalake:
ang pangalan ng isa'y Peleg; sapagka't sa
kaniyang mga kaarawan ay nakalatan ng tao ang
lupa; at ang pangalan ng kaniyang kapatid ay
Joctan.
Word Origin:
H6389
‫פלג‬
peleg peh'-leg
Peleg = "division"
1) son of Eber and brother of Joktan
The same as H6388;
earthquake; Peleg, a son of Shem: Peleg:
Hebrew OT - Transliteration - Holy Name KJV
HYDROPLATE THEORY
Hydroplate Tectonics
Before the global flood, an ocean of water was
under Earth’s crust. Pressure increases in this
subterranean water ruptured that crust, breaking
it into plates. The escaping water flooded the
Earth. Because hydro means water, those crustal
plates will be called hydroplates.
Formation of Earth's Crust
The hydroplate theory suggests that during the
global flood event, a subterranean water
chamber beneath the Earth's crust ruptured,
leading to a catastrophic release of water.
Formation of Ocean Basins and Continents
The oldest known oceanic crust, estimated to be
approximately 200 million years old, is located
in the western equatorial Pacific, east of the
Mariana Island arc.
In the Indian Ocean, the oldest seafloor dates
back to around 165 to 145 million years ago,
formed when Africa and South America
separated from the supercontinent Gondwana.
Around 180 million years ago, North America
and Eurasia began drifting apart from Africa and
South America, leading to the formation of the
first seafloor in the central North Atlantic and
the opening of the Gulf of Mexico.
Wegener postulated that throughout most of
geologic time there was only one continent,
which he called Pangea.
GENESIS 7:11
In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the
second month, the seventeenth day of the month,
the same day were all the fountains of the great
deep broken up, and the windows of heaven
were opened.
I CHRONICLES 1:19
And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of
the one was Peleg; because in his days the earth
was divided: and his brother's name was Joktan.
GENESIS 10:25
And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of
one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth
divided; and his brother's name was Joktan.