ANOVA FOR

DEPENDENT SAMPLES
DR . S I T I R A HAYU BI N T I M OHD HA S HI M
M AT HEMATICS W I T H ECON OM I CS
FACULT Y OF S CI E NCE A N D N AT U RAL R ES OU RCES
 OUTLINE
➢ INTRODUCTION
➢ ASSUMPTION
➢CASE STUDY 1
➢HYPOTHESIS
➢ DATA ENTRY
➢ PROCEDURE
➢ ANALYSIS USING SPSS
➢ SPSS’S OUTPUT
➢ INTERPRETATION
 INTRODUCTION
➢ ANOVA with Repeated Measures
➢ to compare three or more group means where the subjects/ participants are the same in
each group:
➢ DOE: repeated measures/ within-subjects/ treatment-by-subject design.
❖Condition 1: Subjects/ participants are measured multiple times to see changes to
an intervention.
❖Condition 2: Specimens/ participants are subjected to more than one condition/trial
and the response to each of these conditions wants to be compared.

‘…………………
Time point 1 Time point-2 Time point-3 Time point-k
@ Trial-1 @ Trial-2 @ Trial-3 @ Trial-k
 ASSUMPTION
There are 5 assumptions:
1. Dependent variable - continuous level (i.e.: interval or ratio).
2. Independent variable - at least two categorical, "related groups"
or "matched pairs".
3. No significant outliers in the related groups.
4. The distribution of the dependent variable in the two or more related groups should be
approximately normally distributed.
5. Sphericity is not violated - the variances of the differences between all combinations of
related groups must be equal.
 CASE STUDY 1
The data below shows the results of an experiment in which blood cholesterol concentration, in
milligrams of cholesterol per deciliter of blood (mg/dll) was measured in seven subjects after
each subject had been treated with one of each three drugs, one drug at a time (with time
allowed between exposure to each drug to allow its effects to disappear from the animal). The
hypothesis of interest is that the mean blood cholesterol level is the same regardless of the
treatment.
SUBJECTS DRUG 1 DRUG 2 DRUG 3
1 164 152 178
2 202 181 222
3 143 136 132
4 210 194 216
5 228 219 245
6 173 159 182
7 161 157 165
 HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis statement:
Ho: The mean cholesterol level is the same in animals on all three drugs.
Ha: The mean cholesterol level is not the same in animals on all three drugs.
Or,
𝜇1 = mean cholesterol level drug 1
𝜇2 = mean cholesterol level drug 2
𝜇3 = mean cholesterol level drug 3
Ho: 𝜇1 = 𝜇2 = 𝜇3
Ha: At least one of 𝜇𝑖′ 𝑠 is different from others, i = 1,2,3
 DATA ENTRY

VARIABLE VIEW:

DATA VIEW:
 PROCEDURE
➢Assessing normality and outliers - Click: Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Explore…

➢ Assessing sphericity – Compute the differences and compare the variances

❖Click: Transform
> Compute Variables…
 PROCEDURE
➢Assessing normality and outliers - Click: Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Explore…

➢ Performing ANOVA -
 ANALYSIS USING SPSS
➢Assessing normality and outliers - Click: Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Explore…

➢ Performing ANOVA -
 ANALYSIS USING SPSS
➢Performing ANOVA for dependent samples: continued
 ANALYSIS USING SPSS
➢Performing ANOVA for dependent samples: continued -
 ANALYSIS USING SPSS
➢Performing ANOVA for dependent samples: continued -
 ANALYSIS USING SPSS
➢Performing ANOVA for dependent samples: continued -
 SPSS OUTPUT
➢Normality test:

• Study the result of Shapiro-Wilk

tests.
• All the p-values are > α = 0.05.
• All the samples follow Gaussian
distribution.
 SPSS OUTPUT
➢Checking for outlier(s):

Not a single point deviated

far from the straight line
and separated away from
the other points.
 SPSS OUTPUT
➢ Checking sphericity

The variances of the differences are not

similar. It is more than double in value when
compared to the smallest variance.
SPSS OUTPUT

Dependent variable = cholesterol level

Descriptive statistics of the mean

cholesterol level for 3 types of drug
SPSS OUTPUT
SPSS OUTPUT
SPSS OUTPUT
SPSS OUTPUT
 REPORTING THE OUTPUT
➢A repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction determined that mean blood
cholesterol level differed statistically significantly between drug types (F(1.136, 6.814) = 12.547, p-
value = 0.009).
➢Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction revealed that treatment with Drug 1 caused an
increase in cholesterol level compared to the treatment with Drug 2 (183.00 ± 30.71 mm/dll vs 171.14
± 28.46 mm/dll, respectively), which was statistically significant (p = 0.005).
➢Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction also revealed that treatment with Drug 3 caused an
increase in cholesterol level compared to the treatment with Drug 2 (191.43 ± 38.53 mm/dll vs 171.14
± 28.46 mm/dll, respectively), which was statistically significant (p = 0.029).
➢However, treatment with Drug 1 and Drug 2 did not show a statistically significantly different in
cholesterol level (p = 0.223).
➢Therefore, we can conclude that the level of cholesterol of the subjects is depending on the drug
treatment in which a treatment with Drug 1 and Drug 3 caused a significantly higher cholesterol level
than the treatment with Drug 2.