Tutorial 1

Continuity and momentum equations

Learning objectives

The student should be able to

1. Identify the name of any given transport equation

2. and the physical law used to derive it.
3. recall the physical meaning of all the terms in any given governing equation
4. Simplify the governing equations for incompressible flow, steady flow and
lower dimension flow
5. Derivation of the governing equations under specific assumptions

Question 1

What is the name of following transport equation? What is the physical law used to
derive it?

( ) ( ) ( )

Question 2

( ⃗)

What is the name of the above equation? What is the physical meaning of each
term?

Question 3

Starting from the conservation of mass law, show that the continuity equation for
steady two-dimensional incompressible flow is expressed as:

Question 4

( )
( ⃗) [ ]

What is the name of the previous equation? What is the physical law used to derive
it?

1
Question 5

The transport of the variable is given by the following equation:

( )
( ⃗)

Where

[ ( ( )) ( ⃗) ( ( ))]

i. What is the name of the above transport equation?

ii. What is the underlying fundamental law of the above transport equation?
iii. What is the physical meaning of ?

Question 6

For the following transport equation

( )
⏟( ⃗) ⏟( ) [
⏟ ] ⏟
⏟ ⏟

Fill in the following table for the physical meaning of each mathematical term

Mathematical term Physical Meaning

Convection
Pressure force
Unsteady
Viscous source
Body force
Diffusion

Question 7

Starting from Newton’s second law, show that the convection term of the x-
momentum equation is expressed as:

( ⃗)

2
 Tutorial 2

All the governing equations

The governing equations are:

( ⃗) (1)

( )
( ⃗) ( ) [ ] (2)

( )
( ⃗) ( ) [ ] (3)

( )
( ⃗) ( ) [ ] (4)

( )
( ⃗) ⃗ ( ) (5)

Question 1

Using the above numbered governing equations; fill in the following table with the
equation number corresponding to its name.

z-momentum
Continuity
Energy

Question 2

In the above governing equations, identify the diffusion coefficient for the momentum
and energy. Write the diffusion term when the diffusion coefficient is constant.

Question 3

Expand the energy equation for one dimensional unsteady flow in x-direction. Ignore
the viscous dissipation term and assume a constant diffusion coefficient.

Question 4

Write the continuity and the energy equations for incompressible flow. Expand the
resulting equation for a two dimensional flow in x and y. Take the viscous dissipation
term in three dimensions as:

3
 [ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ] ( ⃗)

Question 5

For the following transport equations, fill in the table for the physical meaning of each
term. Note that the table is longer than the highlighted terms.

⏟( ⃗ )

( )
( ⃗) ( ) [ ]
⏟

( )
( ⃗) ( ) [ ] ⏟
⏟

( )
( ⃗) ⏟( ) [ ]

( )
( ⃗) ⏟ ⃗ ( ) ⏟

[ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ] ( ⃗)

Mathematical Term Physical meaning

Unsteady term
Pressure force in y-direction
Work done by pressure force
Diffusion of x-velocity component
Viscous dissipation
Pressure force in x-direction
Convection

4
 Body force in y-direction
Diffusion of z-velocity component

Question 6

Starting from the first law of thermodynamics, show that the convection term of the
energy equation is expressed as:

( ⃗)