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To Determine The Refractive Index of Liquid Using A Convex Lens
To Determine The Refractive Index of Liquid Using A Convex Lens
Aim
To find the refractive index of a liquid using a convex lens and plane mirror.
Apparatus
Convex Lens
Plane Mirror
Optical Needle
Plumb Line
Spherometer
Theory
Let us consider f1 and f2 to be the focal length of the glass convex lens and liquid lens
respectively and let F be the focal length of their combination, then
1 1 1
= +
F f1 f2
We have,
1 1 1
= (n − 1)[ − ]
f2 R1 R2
Simplifying further, we get
1 (n−1)
=
f2 R
Diagram
Procedure
Place the plane mirror on the horizontal base of the iron stand
Screw tight the optical needle in the clamp of the stand and hold it horizontally above the
lens at a distance equal to its rough focal length.
Bring the tip of the needle to the principal vertical axis of the lens so the tip of the needle
appears to be touching the tip of its image.
Move the needle up and down and remove the parallax between the tips of the needle
and its image.
Measure the distance between the tip and upper surface of the lens using a plumb line
and half metre scale.
Also, measure the distance between the tip and the surface of its plane mirror.
For the Focal Length of the Combination
Take a few drops of transparent liquid on the plane mirror and put a convex mirror over it.
Repeat 6, 7 and 8.
x (cm)
From lens surface x1 From plane mirror x2 x1+x2
M ean x =
(cm) (cm)
2
(cm)
Without f1 =
Liquid _____
With Liquid F=
_____
Calculations
1 1 1
= −
f2 F f1
R
n = 1 +
f2
Precautions
1. Only a few drops of liquid should be taken so as not to thicken the layer.
Sources of Error
1. The liquid may not be quite transparent.
The ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light in the given medium.
The Refractive index of a transparent medium is always greater than 1. because the speed of
light in any medium is always less than that in a vacuum.
(b) The angle of incidence, angle of refraction and the normal to the point of incidence all lie in
one plane.
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