Meltalus

Al minertud oUe not

But all areo a
minoL
Ore
O O O O

Charcogonomily iG
coultoo d m ng fam

Po
O,S, O,s, se,Te, )Oxide CLe,
Important ove eo 9,
dome
CLLo Cuplke
2no zincte Pitch
B/no
Fo Hae mti
Sng Tinston
F magne He R u i s

Bauxite FeCrOy ChromiBe ora

AIOOH G OHO BorOx
SFeo 30 dimonite

) Wulphuriced CUFes COPpey Pyrke

) Phs 0MQen0 Fool'
Fes
Cinna ba
Hgc
oo
Halidle
( i) NgIE CTyo/te
kCl geL6Ko
fluorospan
CoF
eiect OU DiPloyont
M CuOmico Haj
oP Spectocuonn iCal
C7
MCa RP1 TB sap c
Na Stabl+y) Fe AU

M
d ca O CtoH

A
NH Pi en diPy
N
No CN C
 7ype metal
Pyaomet atuuny
i)8l ectrO m e t a l u g I )
EX.Mn 2 n C F o Sn Ph Cu
(HI9U
EXF, No, Co, mg A,e t
Ha
HydhOme t alo Ag,AUlow)

e p s involuedin mettalsny.

Ore Pulverizalion s0HO ,

a
evigoion Ben efection
r a vitysepoaoNon
S

steCUshing
t e r o

essin9
Do
ore

YoreL2chemiral aWng
PhsjaletcOncentoon
man eE R
from Flotobre Concentra ted ore

a
nto /RoaAtt ng
ag
leonves /on Oride
Cale cnatuonle
2 By cavboy
meta Oxide
By AlUminium

2one TEfinin
selRedn
mond Sevapouh PUP Redurhèn edmeltiB
on Cupeuattn
ATke 6 y Tkosmal
punemlal
5Ossemm eriLOHan<- Hydro meHaluLuras

AmajgOmo t on
RePining metal

DS+il1 atin
Pue n etak

Density DIP L01oROD

y yovity depaat"
evigot/on
uotl e (Oxiole
(Cabon ate uy
toy
magneN)
im
depahation-(Dif
(B) Magmetic P
FOy+/ Tmp
Imp Sng + Fe W,7 Mn W
Mn +Tmf (7imston ) Woltro mie
(NON
cha)o oopoui t magnetK Ma 9net)
TIO f

mon-ma9ne b
 flotauo(for 0ulphude e
Froth tho CL
ChHateset
Oexon eilng w'th oid ewloy respohe
90ngu paHe
technl7 Ue
/Tyrea Diert floration
Revease lotationtech ntqe Erothin9 0gentS
frOthin9

A 9/to+0 Pine oil, eucyloptes

fotty acid -frothing

o ent
Cruda OLl
Oil
sol mettaJicoe frotu oStabil'se
wae Urws
Anilfn e

Creso!
9org e -tH3

Odium ethy ont hate NoN

PolaN

olO Pydro-
URed O Collector ol Pobr Hydrophilme)
Pu Pnom ena
Based o ADSORPTION By POl0 Pa>t

.R-o--sng®,

Prep Ce, OH

mech.
s)
s= Reptacable
H
NaOH

Wodium eHy xonthat

A
Ores aHe
more thantwo dut phide
Condit'on pa esen t
dpecia activato

Ue depeosont Colle ctoY EX. CUsoy

ACtIVOtor+7 Tes ACtiVity o
S u lphid
fendenry
esS Ploa-jnq
Deactiva tots
Depressont NaCMkN
acNt

NaCN No Lzn eNk t Pbst

Pbs t zns
depressant foom
A H i O t 0 >
Cns arc0mprey
a u e r suface
Zns waley olule
 02p ao l Ou
Oporiior, s c o n
waley- oil
B y aduti mes axe
ChOnged6sP
Collection
phs Zns a SUP FACE) 0SFL formc
TENsroN Stoble co mPro
with metas
weed for "" BloCE
aSometme 1s
9SP non wphide Oe e P elotk
(cur.cuton wFL
Cu(OH) + ngs
EX. CU cog
molocbite" USCUS
Sulphf cdo
NON u I p i o l " Cut ic
cut oup, ,

eachlnadpecialy for d
m e+i M
es for
Chemical method
metalle CLe delullk
For ConcentroHO)
Tneolulik.
&sP
outalele oluwnt Lmpurltre
prorec
PTOcessyoido

Porect O 's eed for shipPe

tTthu direoHòn
Ci) MO forwan
AGTN+ N S ( 89 to

ai
A 9 , s + N a C N

Na TA9 (CN)| S
S Oy
AgCN + NaCN
NGS
7 N0 TAg CCN
4NaC

S +
A9 O, i weod for
foo AU oxidaOn P Ag
Prom atve o6

Cii) leoching _ 4ETAuCCN|t4kOH

AU+ECN +HO + 9SPr

epo
amo for AU

+C
Oa O7
t Bo 7 +OH
Roastea
gol0 y s p fomn
[ y j tAU CoordinatlonComp.

=
[uCCw,] Cy] =ta%tewi
[x2
 ConCe7dqled ove io Onfdo ane
S t L e

Con VeaSiom
Lbut be louw ft's m Paocese aHeoti
Heat
1n Obse n Ce CP
aiy below i mA
Coucrnatio mted uppy NE OF
absence q PREE AIR
heated to Prom
to PmOu wnte o) C
arbonatodeepr.
UWod
o d for OuW puio e
for OWpbiclo
OX'led co2
Pyorated
1 Ch e m i c a COnver$lon
O9 ori vola+t/e
Anhydrou moHe Qt
Hydrtte mP.
E . Pbs +O, bo
re osLe alo
(mayor
TemOuod.

Pbsoy when emp

O r e wi
ecome PorouA S.A.1 Phs + O Pols belouu
Reductron 8ay, (min oov sooC
7emou o
E, ALao AL C O S o me mpurities

> VO)GtÍ le Subs+anre

F 8o F O a
Ca O E S+
Ca C ALT
MIO As t
Mgc° Sb+O Sb,T dene
done ony
's not
Feo+O XRoasting
ul phi do
or ed
t2 Po
Reauo EXFeo+sta F e s i t e
Q+alele.
unstabie
COmpleto Ord7

not b7 o - prak
some+ime Rouspi ng
Kospi n9 m IrOn
eraffini'ty
oxYpne

Cs +FeS Zyoola Hau oPPe

Y

Cufe
coPPe
CoO SO, 7 PaDti'al Roalti ng
O2
7 Fe O
Fes + O2
FeO - C S
Fes +Cyo
HTed
UHed
o
ouut in EVER BERAOFY
cal cinatioM
F U R N A N C E s .

e
K O a s t i n 9

4Hco CombuetiOn ocr

8YO. P r o r e aL
a metals ANEO Us
=
R Oacting
OR eo
Roq Becauee OX'do SPON
7A NEOuSs
RR oas ting R edh
 RedUctIO) orateEN,
Fe, s ,
n,P

eleC! so Ue m
leas
Red" slg
OC o d b o m p o u e y t flUr
met al
+(%4

/met a Oxicle Coko

Prorest
ons as Pt
removal
melt /smeitina isoas o ore

A do7
dubstance uied pr opp'y 9
to
Ert r o

Pux/ mpuitieep, in
Ca umwwomed
m o i a U

bos

MO + o
MO + C
McO ca
MO + o
Aci d'c Sis,Ng a4: Feco flux
ftUX Co rC EpUritreSiog
Insotulle
AcIdic form solulde
For BosrC e o fo
np uritie TmpusirieA

+g O+Cao
f Co, (POu)
Ngs rg
Mg co 7Sie met.Ose
for)[Ru 9) i m m i s c i b l e
with

ore
me
'Feo +Srg Fesig +s21 Ligurer
thoy
e t . o e

Mon
m.P
ouw
func-ion offwx concept
AISo c inde y 1 noutedg
comcepP

on
Lux -flood
Hrgh TemPru a c c e p t o x ACrd

O Donoy Base
CasiO3
SiO
Cao Ca9
( BOse)
CAcid)
Cobon Rod
edured y CanlucLo aO formed
no d
metal
Fo i e

A Con
Lee
alum ino
SHoldschmias
schmlat
Reduction
rold
herm'te
Red"
a
nfau
Frue
e..
hermite ue
o ue to Hrgh electo
acts
a P. A tui
me th od
A l u m i n i u m sdured ly
(C% O r Mng Ou 1ao
Oxidtd
uch a Heot 11 C T9nition
8a0 +0% +
m9 BaO t3o) Euegu 77 J
Pib bon re
motA cCIO3 Ag 9+ M
Theymite

Thick 7fYoCtOry
mot A4
mdte i al Ond
.CR A) A
Hiqu y exotumK o A
ore S

(16 00 l7oo'C)
 Ra+io
AL c4 A

COn MOt uead

E.Mh,OytA
A Mnt A,
Commereia
A
Sio+ )
> sit A O /
kod for Repalring
Fe+AL,
FeFec Al RailwaH Trockd.
EnowN ay
7'CO A T P03 Tt
THERMITE WELDIN

wed for
el Reductiof CU H
D u to (unstoble ox jol
P ormotion
Ct ROom remp,
PbO+so,t {RCoos trg
Pbs + Q2 H 9 o+S3 f
ph S +PbO Pb .Hgs O
+H9O
(RA) (o.A)
eo+So,7
E. C, StO
CUS+CUo Cts0,

Thermod OlecomPositonReduc 1O

aA? + lowey n i fo Oyp

Du t65
A9 Os00
Hg O2
HgO 40oe 2

PrecipitaionaEeducila eogeh)
reo y
(6) Hyoaomett alurgy es electgo metap
SalA
displors
electrO metal
Moe
Ngs
Na 49 N, +
EX. 4Na CN 4 EACHTNO
Tnis
T tupe
+ye
+n9
EX.naTAg(cN),J z N Tn(eNy 0f PPt attoy
Procea L
REDUCIION
C lle l a
ENEN TA 7TON

6EleCt7ohic Reductiy Uodor k, Na, c, Ng, 4 e

electo ue m etap
F o r move

CATHODE CA TTON
e
ANODE ANTON
uely
 Puification Ulad PoY
Zo ne Refinng Metuod si,ore, oo, P,
Tmpu rtre BASED ON 2ROpERTY
soluluk

EE ww mote

ImprHrep Fha_tuwy
Crcuwar hoater.
SoUd puae
me» atmos pne gwd pluag, tuon in
meHh ood.
ACTtONAL CRys TA LISATzON
BAS ED ON FR
TION
UL TRA PURT FICA Ahmelal
VOletile CPURe
meta
COmP:
CIMpuo) Ens tolle
Vapour phaeRefipi IaHle comp
shousd fovm
deroAable
Vo be E O s j i y
Comp: 7 u t
Hhat

T,zY,
Hf, The B
AD t e
etuod. UA d for P u
( Van -

Unstable 7
meta

meta Vol t l e
( ImPu) CompoUnd
9)
Tt CPure UsEDfo

Re movi
CImpurr uAd tmpu)

N
caYbongPTOreRA|

G) MOnods) sP from Ti,.

so-60 NICCoy
220
*Nit 4 CO
Nit 4 Co (PUrO)
aR impurtHe,
CtmpU L O d e m o u u

ron Cob alt

Dif in Ued 2n, cd, H e.

iStitlation > Po
Boiling Poi

7C
BP = 91o° F6
Cd T7910
Spete Fe En
(F, Pb)
Pb

iguaution D i f f in P b , s", Bet

melting poM.
o meta
< (ma) their
m-Pmeras zmpuniy teiy iporitie
p
 proceed
Ulod
for
NoB LE
METPLS Mee a9, RU
5Amagom auO
M- H M-H9
oO Mane)
(Impur 9 AMAL AM)

erept PtFe, W
B p t Pfe,VW
metalo
with moy
form alloy
Hg
Hg COn
con

Seler4i uo
Ord" metnod.
haue
Oxidatio 7method Se melalo wh ose a i
rmp.
uied o oridlse
to
.

9reote tendencY Tmp BeIse)

Fe0
oti0n Bexeme isat/on etr.
E9 Poling, Cupei 2 Joyes dac-
CU
Pwrifical
punihraico P
(IMPUre
Pov
kod
monufa cluu'
Bessemedi ation/
ion i n Ste2s
Cast
aer
aiso uodor purification

CU FeO{mj'z
Fe sio (maj 2mp) Feo +Si esiO
S
CUO +s io,2 C
(siag) metal ap
Yano koi Doosra
HO9a,

Ag e AU
Present

otion fov an mpuriky

CUPpe Eyoda HOJ
ke PaH
orygn Ag AU.
Pho+ A9 npO de to
X P b tAgtO2 CS ro

meta) Fe li ye Tin me
ese ol
for cu esn
oricla
e metal
Unni
UROd P r e s e n t Ho.
POlng impur
Fe
Sh
CU CU0, S,As,

Sn S?C, CU Fe w fusmoee.
ma TMP Rever
bevatoy
On
CU. Af to, sO Sol, Sh,
P o l g _ o I m p u s e

Volati/e
Ox'de E
PoT m S
Sb
S , S, AS, FesiO
FeO t S1
f eFe CACicl) (SIa) TmP.
Clu
Contoi! Cyo
p ouweles AHred
molten CU ept beui nad Anthrcite
with
molten CO I T7e0ted
wood,
gee at H1gu lep
wit a Pole
wood iberales d Hydroruibon
CHaeen
CUtCe t 0
CUo CHy
ACOS
(99
R.A
POlPolin _ S7 doMe ad CoPPer
(R.A.)

CU A9, Zn, s Pb,cr

Al,
for
e c t r o Refmna/uaso
NI
) Pu ( TUI n)
co +hodo (Tnic*)
>CU Deposted TMpu
Ano da
ctve)
Anode
(tmpoe
3(-Ve
Catuodok
&Pwwe Cu)

oytee
Electi
Mn,En, Fe, NI, Cn
sol" a
Ccus)+Hsoy A t Anod A9 A UCre
Pb/cU
for Ce on
Amcola or C 7 Fe >N'>sn Ph
mud Mnz n
Oxidhtiovi
O
P Ag
CU
ut2+ze
Anode (Impux)
MnZz7 <Fe < Nj<sn c Phfes
CO Reduct/on R.P
cothod cU So1h mein Bhatkal

RnO ne
91.97
PUe

Entraction ndividual

Metalk
VojQil cods AS
0 ) E x t o action ZInC (c)Aai
nON-LoaH/ fe e C.
no ImP
Zncoz Coda
ObeS
2ns ,
Juy r o tPlotation

C onc " OsP

Py Roa4ting ZnotC

Oxidot On t Co
Dy Cazbon Red
Red uio 5PELTER
Coa COg Ay Cao +(%
Si+aO CoSig
Cs199)
Pwiifialio: 0 t+fllatfon
e l e c t 7O Te fining
Electoly +it so" znsOt Sq)
K

U
 Extraction S
C r e > Sno, (cass ber Tte se poto
Ewolfromit e
n eHE LmP
V 9
n c e n t à a t h ' o n O N a g n e t i
depayalon mag

CO
CUS +O CUsOy wate
Soluble
stO
Roa4ting A, O 7 Fes +O esoy Sno
sb, 7 hiolubl
Sb t In u o c n

=ot
Chomral oacuig
eacu i Sno Crostdue)
of'solud
ol ol isol uecd in wator
PHewRd
eusou Fesou Recicuo
Fes Oy
CUsoy

Reductio Carbom Red 1

ton
ado CorOy

Sle
Pre sep
S m o t Co
Snoa
Sno +O Snt¬%

Refining 0 PollIn
iquati on
)EleCt30-vepii
ng Sns oy +H,SOu
8ecePning,.

3 8xtraction_P ailvey.
f o d es | Prore
Ath u t
-

Me
Leachi vg9 proress
- coNentration

Cementa Uion
Ometaluwgical Red ue1ron
Hyd
HNS)
Eiedtrovefrnng (A9N
e7ining_ProcedA
RAmq19ama troy
cuppelatu@n

EXt?0 ction cHGld

2oacuin9
Hydom, Redn
AU. ELe Boil twt
Me
Refnining corHaSey
Anol9 on.
ue m etuOc,
AIter nati ParHhg
AU{ng
AU n dse AU PboT BovOy Cu (Bg

Pb
CU
-znsCy ONd" Acid (conc HNO
c o nC. H s o
AU
HNg
A
Sorgn gu Acid Red" Acid a Hso,
Conc Hct
E t o o tior_p copPPe
OTe-CUFe S
Concentzalion froth Plotalion
Oxidation - Roaoti na Partia Rocut ng
CCFesst Op CUs+Set+ Feo
Omet H Pux si+oke
Roasted oe SmeItM@ matelcus +
Fe mixtwo a l
(Bios nmonre) cU) Suipuide
FeC) Sulpuide CUsC987) FosC 2)
S109 Fesio) Copper
maHe
6essencl 20tio OREN
tuo SIo9 fornoton Pro mos LAD
FLADE
CUs + O U2O +ST DUatng
duo to for moion
CU S +t Oa CUsOy) is Produred
Cminor) FLAmE Disoproy
gep Reo Dto
Fes +0e FeO
FesO Cu +SQ f So2 Co ulp
Feo tsio CU20 +CS
(s9) Acjdrc
CPlu e Os+ CU Ou
t227
Rai n.
BIen
Copper

> Repining poli 6electooy tHC Teprning

1CUs
Oy SOy
So
93
OE xttract ion_Peod.
Ore Pb
talion
centration core rotu fto
Con
Pbo+S%
PRoa ting Phs to PbsOy
Phs tO
(m Imo

Selfred"
Reductior_ cond" OHi9 tooo ae
Pbo. grado ore a>bon Ted
CAmpbo) Cond" e ou
 Refini9 PrOceseo
S4eP pre
esenco
puwlas
Imp we Pb) ead \riHIG oluo too p t m p - fme
n. A most
A9, s 7 , Sb,A5, Bi, Vo taHte Omda

Skimm Ing poces HOH Ba0t ai possec SCum

CoY S o f i e n i n g Process
N ¬vcept A 3
Pb-soft witb A9 imp ATgeriti fetou
Conient
/s+eP- Pb7AJ
De- ) ilves i zotlon op £ood ByParFS Process
Coppe at an
Pb- nC1y.) Cool 1a er soltd Czn-Agale
-1oy ey Molthen FUrth e r Puylfreo
oad L B y B e t t Sprocess

x-l0ye (En tA) AlOy

Fov P rom Anay
iguation pb epo

Distilla liay: Zn-A9

A I [ I mpuzity Ph|
Pbo

PPeaion: fo 8 A9

Bet's Electroysis ELECTRo LyTE {PbsÍte

addad to adjue
gelaun alo
dm au amt
density 8ertdy +e
 EXtraction A l
AlUminiuRED Bavrile pmoy'or DMp.
FEOg
spaeyrrs e oully
mam ore : doauwrite (A,9*5 white Boumjee maby
S TO
Zmp

asorperS
i ) CTueshi'ng
uConCentrdtioy -doacing
Chernirl doorug
Red BouTe / OJu mjnl Umn
Bayex 's proress
+ 2o
two)/0
(caic]n0
AL
A 4H o
Tmpue) /Na[aroO
diges+ wiho Ree id uo T
AL NgoH traken
OS
(Tmpue) NO, sio3 0 WS
TOd ud
NOOH (Sol ub le)
Si BOe)
(Acid
(mio sed upon
IP NO RXh Ampuoterrc notuso
NaoP
Fe +
+
wgOH
No
No Rxxn
n
PO
Tr AmphoterC
0
Co ALO3+H,
(i) elit
wu Aag om4 At
CPua)
Na[AI (OH). C) Acidificato
PQss i g C
ACidificaltior edilulion
to
nerc ea s cs
basiC
NaOH
H a l S Proresss ool w n t
B ut
C Ba e ye
formot
TAItOH%
S Na, C e . Ng
a Fe rcess
Fe3+N g Cinsoluble C is oquived
AI Co H) t N co foy or motton
NaTAICO o HO ( etobe)
exess)
A
A COH ALO40
(POe)

M yleA
dpecpece Prored foy A: NIt/do forret
1POoC AlN o T 49denty Ca brrde
form
A Os C+ Nedsy
Sio+c o0 s i + Co vapoi'2es
t tU Temp)

A IN NaOH NaTA (oH)aJ+ NHT

100'c
NaTAltoH),
()Etecs Bo AlCOH PLO
(PUe)
) acidyie uy
 Hall Heoult proread(E lectTo ytic Fed
CATHODE 1 ee) (Tvon tan k)
AlF NoF Alf
N ANO DE - graph/te Fo d
Cyole
=> Prevenr
NOF CA RBON AYER
PUnCtTOY CoTrOsfOn o
AIt3+3
AIF ropuik Ro d
Ho od to
CATH ODE A3 9 A 1 o es no4 OlIOuod

earope Ow
ANODE
TO s e m.P
Ctroly ie
8'?
AtF Mointain COnduttiU,

ANODE C*O Colco

CHrapute Rood
Purification A do not ACs
eectrodu. Tuuy aa
Ho0 P Proree. Used fov ondu e4iiy
lyte NoAIF +
Bo
9EletTo
CATHCDE
Puo A
ANOD - S Impuo AR
PUoA
Obtoru d
79.99
8XtraCtion s e - Dows
Process

C19ows rOe)
S'ea uI alay
From
Mg(o Ca
Mgc + Calo wte"
S1Oted ne)
M C+20 M9 GHO
MglOH)t2H(oa)

A (Caicio7o Mg c + o O
GH O+ bTH
ma HCiC9)

dro ysrs Ng C
HC Preyen ds HY
DTa
Anny Mg¢
ForFor mation
Anhy. Mg (MgC, coo,
B8lectaolyoio)
_fUaed
cOAL SOAS
Mg (q ) A
CCo, CHu, Hco7 Mg
*e6 P wo
CATHODE:MgR

Sp0ss tO
Qvoid R Yn wiu
AN Op

Prore & 2) Can alite

Otuey
Oolomot/ Oe isuesd.
()Pid geon ProceA Magneate
A Ct R. A
Fer0 ilron
CFe-Si
 Ext7otiCn_ 0uUM-(DOown cel)
k
Electro'yte t Ca
CATHOD
Na NOr a
=ANODE c ch +

Eingko Dlagaa met i d

9Oph, N. mOY
() 40 s Temp . N. m
( m e oride S I O p e
SIOpe =D
eW Phadl
Oxido
Non meta
COn Tedue oxiao oL
metal
1i uiuCOn
Le abo
le albo l
Otuay
A
euinguom.Dia.
AO
BS
B+O-5Bo
Dcon reolure
Co-C
AG A Co B0,AO
DtoDO

ol

Are ap m e t a . t u )
mP no a metaOr/d
X)
At a1 A O+D DO
Temp accka
utna
U l m eFa ke AL Beeh mein 9op
wald metas uper
Nichs Un dono kee
HOga ditno
s P e c ucing Agent

Zy ada HOga, N, M. O*ido

A TO2 s
511ingon2
On

T
(17 wnen T213soC
A +Mgo A , O t 9
MhzNS
ome
Cwon 7<13 so'C
B E
/ 35C Al t M9O

(1) wh en T710C
NCERT
Famou

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