AUTHOR=Musolino Anna Maria , Tomà Paolo , De Rose Cristina , Pitaro Eugenio ,

Boccuzzi Elena , De Santis Rita , Morello Rosa , Supino Maria Chiara , Villani
Alberto , Valentini Piero , Buonsenso Danilo

TITLE=Ten Years of Pediatric Lung Ultrasound: A Narrative Review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/
fphys.2021.721951

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2021.721951

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p>Lung diseases are the most common conditions in newborns, infants, and
children and are also the primary cause of death in children younger than 5 years
old. Traditionally, the lung was not thought to be a target for an ultrasound due
to its inability to penetrate the gas-filled anatomical structures. With the
deepening of knowledge on ultrasound in recent years, it is now known that the
affected lung produces ultrasound artifacts resulting from the abnormal
tissue/gas/tissue interface when ultrasound sound waves penetrate lung tissue. Over
the years, the application of lung ultrasound (LUS) has changed and its main
indications in the pediatric population have expanded. This review analyzed the
studies on lung ultrasound in pediatrics, published from 2010 to 2020, with the aim
of highlighting the usefulness of LUS in pediatrics. It also described the normal
and abnormal appearances of the pediatric lung on ultrasound as well as the
benefits, limitations, and possible future challenges of this modality.</p>