Team Play Solutions Part iv: We will determine the value of P M using the Law of Cosines.

First note that CF = OF using the congruent triangles from Part ii.
√ √
Hence CF = 2 rR and thus M F = rR as M is the midpoint of CF .
Part i: Let U be the point of tangency between the two circles. Then We may now compute
clearly O, U and P line up, since radii OU and U P are perpendicular to
PM2 = (P F )2 + (F M )2 − 2(P F )(F M ) cos(m6 M F P )
the common tangent line at U . Hence OP = r + R. Next draw radius
√ √
 r 
1 r
OV of the smaller circle from O across to the vertical line l. Observe = (R − r)2 + ( rR)2 − 2(R − r)( rR) −
2 R
that this creates rectangle OV AF ; therefore AF = r and F P = R − r.
= R2 − 2rR + r2 + rR + (R − r)(r)
Finally, we may compute OF using the Pythagorean Theorem:
p p √ √ = R2 ,
OF = (OP )2 − (F P )2 = (R + r)2 − (R − r)2 = 4Rr = 2 Rr.
giving P M 2 = R2 , so P M = R, the radius of the large circle. Therefore
P M = P A as claimed.
Part ii: To begin, both 4CAF and 4F T O are right triangles, with
right angles at 6 A and 6
T , respectively. (The latter since the radius Part v: No doubt there are at least a half-dozen ways to establish this
is perpendicular to the tangent at T .) Furthermore, angles 6 ACF and key step. Here is one relatively clean method. First we observe that
6 T F O are both complementary to 6 OF T , 6 OF D ∼
= 6 OF M due to the symmetry of the tangent lines. This implies
and hence are congruent. It follows that that when we reflect point M over diameter AB the resulting point M 0 ,
the third pair of angles, namely 6 AF C and which is still on the circle, will line up with F and D. In other words,
6 T OF , must also be congruent. Now recall m6 ADF = m6 ADM 0 = 12 mAM 0 = 21 mAM . Next we take advantage
that OT = AF = r, from which we can of the fact that M is the midpoint of CF , the hypotenuse of right triangle
deduce that 4CAF ∼
= 4F T O by the ASA 4ACF , to deduce that m6 ACF = m6 CAM = 12 mAM . It follows that
congruence criterion. ∼ 6 ACF .
6 ADF =

Part vi: We are now able to reap the rewards of our hard work. In
Part iii: We use the fact that light of the congruent angles found in the previous part we immediately
deduce that AF DC is a cyclic quadrilateral. Hence opposite angles
cos(m6 CF P ) = cos(m6 T F O + 90◦ ) = − sin(m6 T F O).
are supplementary, which implies that m6 CDF = 90◦ since we know
Since 4T F O is a right triangle, sin m6 T F O = OT /OF . But OT = r m6 CAF = 90◦ . This shows that 4CDF is a right triangle.
√
and OF = 2 rR according to Part i. Combining these facts gives An angle chase now ensues to show that 4BDF is isosceles. The
r crux of the argument is to show that arcs AM and M D are congruent.
r 1 r
cos(m6 CF P ) = − sin(m6 T F O) = − √ =− , We choose to prove this by showing that quadrilateral P F M D is also
2 rR 2 R
cyclic. This follows from the fact that
as desired
1
m6 M DF = mM M 0 = mAM = m6 M P F,
2
where point M 0 is defined above. Therefore March 2011
mM D = m6 M P D = m6 M F D = 2m6 M F O = 2m6 CAM = mAM .

We can now compare the angles of triangle BF D:

1 0
m6 BF D = 2 (mAM + mBD)
1
= 2 (mAM + mBD)
1
= 2 (mM D + mBD)
1
= 2 mBM
1 0
= 2 mBM

= m6 BDF.

Therefore 4BF D is indeed isosceles. Round Three Solutions

c Greater Testing Concepts 2011

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