Team Play Solutions Part iv: There are probably a dozen different ways to establish that

6 Y XP ∼
= 6 X 0 Y 0 Q, all of them involving an angle chase of some sort
Part i: Let M be the foot of the perpendicular from O to AB. This around the circle. Here is our favorite approach. First extend segment
creates right triangles OM Z and OM Z 0 . Furthermore, both triangles XP until it hits the circle again at X 00 . Note that since 6 X 0 XX 00 is a
share leg OM and have congruent hypotenuses OZ and OZ 0 . (The right angle it follows that X 0 X 00 is a diameter. In the same way, extend
latter occurs because OZ and OZ 0 are radii of the same circle.) By Y 0 Q until it meets the circle at Y 00 , yielding diameter Y Y 00 .
hypotenuse-leg congruence we conclude that 4OM Z ∼= 4OM Z 0 , which Now consider a rotation of the circle about
gives M Z ∼
= M Z 0 , as desired. Alternately, one could finish by using the its center O by 180◦ . Since X 00 X 0 and Y Y 00
Pythagorean Theorem to see that are diameters we know that points X 00 and Y
p p rotate onto points X 0 and Y 00 . Therefore arcs
M Z = (OZ)2 − (OM )2 = (OZ 0 )2 − (OM )2 = M Z 0 . X 00 Y and X 0 Y 00 are congruent. But 6 Y XP
6 0 0
and X Y Q are angles inscribed in the circle that intercept precisely
Part ii: Consider the lines through Z, M and Z 0 perpendicular to AB. these two arcs. By the Inscribed Angle Theorem they must be congruent,
We know by construction that the first two of these lines pass through and you’re done.
P and O. Let the third line (through Z 0 ) meet line OP at point K.
Part v: According to Ceva’s Theorem we have
We will show that P O = OK, meaning that K is the same as point Q,
which will complete the proof. AY BZ CX
· · = 1.
Draw segments through P and O perpen- AZ BX CY
dicular to P Z and OM , as shown at right. But Power of a Point with respect to A gives (AZ)(AZ 0 ) = (AY )(AY 0 ),
AY AZ 0
This creates rectangles P ZM D and OM Z 0 E. which may be rearranged to read AZ = AY 0 . Employing Power of a
0 Point with respect to B and C also, then substituting into the above
Therefore P D = ZM and OE = M Z . Since
we already know that ZM = M Z 0 , it fol- equality yields
AZ 0 BX 0 CY 0
lows that P D = OE. Furthermore, we have · · = 1.
AY 0 BZ 0 CX 0
6 OP D ∼= 6 KOE since P D and OE are parallel, and clearly angles
Applying Ceva’s Theorem once again we deduce that lines AX 0 , BY 0
6 P DO and 6 OEK are both right angles. Therefore triangles 4OP D
and CZ 0 are concurrent.
and 4KOE are congruent by ASA, giving P O = OK, as desired.

Part iii: Since angles 6 P Y C and 6 P XC are both right angles, it follows
that CY P X is a cyclic quadrilateral as opposite angles are supplemen-
tary. Therefore
6 ACP ∼
= 6 Y CP ∼
= 6 Y XP,

since 6 Y CP and 6 Y XP both intercept the same arc in circle CY P X.

We deduce that 6 BCQ ∼ = 6 X 0 Y 0 Q in exactly the same manner, using
right angles CY 0 Q and CX 0 Q to get cyclic quadrilateral CY 0 QX 0 .
Part vi: To begin we observe that (AY − AY 0 )2 = (CY − CY 0 )2 , since March 2012
0
both quantities give the square of length Y Y . In an analogous manner
we compute each of (XX 0 )2 and (ZZ 0 )2 in two different ways and add
all three equalities to obtain

(AY − AY 0 )2 + (BZ − BZ 0 )2 + (CX − CX 0 )2 =

(AZ − AZ 0 )2 + (BX − BX 0 )2 + (CY − CY 0 )2 .

Power of a Point with respect to A gives (AZ)(AZ 0 ) = (AY )(AY 0 ), and

similarly with respect to B and C. Quadrupling each of these equali-
ties and adding them into the mix has the effect of turning each cross
term such as −2(AY )(AY 0 ) into positive 2(AY )(AY 0 ), so (AY − AY 0 )2
becomes (AY + AY 0 )2 . In summary, we find that
Round Three Solutions
(AY + AY 0 )2 + (BZ + BZ 0 )2 + (CX + CX 0 )2 =
(AZ + AZ 0 )2 + (BX + BX 0 )2 + (CY + CY 0 )2 .

c Greater Testing Concepts 2012

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