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37.Use a relative pronoun to combine each pair of sentences. Put in the commas
where necessary.
1. Ann is very friendly. She lives next door.
_______________________________________________________________
2. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night.
_______________________________________________________________
3. There are some words. They are very difficult to translate.
_______________________________________________________________
4. The sun provides us with heat and light. It is one of millions of stars in the universe.
_______________________________________________________________
5 .Students will be punished. Their homework is late.
_______________________________________________________________
6. I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now.
_______________________________________________________________
7. Is that the car? You want to buy it.
_______________________________________________________________
8. Sandra works in advertising. You were talking to her.
_______________________________________________________________
9. Lake Prespa is a lonely beautiful lake. It’s on the north Greek border.
_______________________________________________________________
10.The little girl ate sweets the whole way. She sat next to me on the coach.
_______________________________________________________________

38.Write the information in brackets as a relative clause (defining or non-defining) in

an appropriate place in the sentence.
1. Julia’s father has just come back from a skiing holiday. (he is over 80)

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→ _____________________________________________________________
2. The problems faced by the company are being resolved. (I’ll look at these in detail in a
moment.)
→ _____________________________________________________________
3. She was greatly influenced by her father. (she adored him)
→ _____________________________________________________________
4. Parents are being asked to take part in the survey. (their children are between four or
six)
→ _____________________________________________________________
5. He isn’t looking forward to the time. (he will have to leave at that time)
→ _____________________________________________________________
6. The Roman coins are now on display in the National Museum. (a local farmer came
across them in a field)
→ _____________________________________________________________
7. He pointed to the stairs. (they led down to the cellar)
→ _____________________________________________________________
8. These drugs have been withdrawn from sale.(they are used to treat stomach ulcers)
→ _____________________________________________________________
9. The singer had to cancel her concert. (she was recovering from flu)
→ _____________________________________________________________
10.We went to the Riverside Restaurant. (I once had lunch with Henry there)
→ _____________________________________________________________
11.My aunt is now a manager of a department store. (her first job was filling shelves in a
supermarket).
→ _____________________________________________________________

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12.John Graham’s latest film is his first for more than five years. (the film is set in the
north of Australia)
→ _____________________________________________________________
13.The newspaper is owned by the Mears group. (its chairperson is Sir James Bex)
→ _____________________________________________________________
14.The Master’s course is no longer taught. (I took this course in 1990)
→ _____________________________________________________________
15.The minister talked about the plans for tax reform. (he will reveal them next month)
→
39.Use a relative pronoun to combine each pair of sentences. Put in the commas
where necessary.
1. Is Zedco a company? It was taken over last year.
____________________________________________________________
2. Felix Reeve is a journalist. His tape recorder was stolen.
____________________________________________________________
3. This famous picture is worth thousands of pounds. It was damaged during the war.
____________________________________________________________
4. I don’t know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone.
____________________________________________________________
5. We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It is only 30 miles away.
____________________________________________________________
6. This is Mr. Carter. I was telling you about him.
____________________________________________________________
7. They’ve captured all the animals. They escaped from the zoo.
____________________________________________________________
8. A scientist has won the Nobel Prize. He discovered a new planet.

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____________________________________________________________
9. The river is the Wye. It flows through Hereford.
____________________________________________________________
10.We climbed to the top of the tower. We had a beautiful view from there.

40. Join each pair of sentences into one, beginning with the words provided.
1. Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled. (Despite)
____________________________________________________________
2. Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job. (Though)
____________________________________________________________
3. In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday. (Although)
____________________________________________________________
4. Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children.
(Despite)
____________________________________________________________
5. In spite of their poverty, they are very generous. (Although)
____________________________________________________________
6 .Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test. (In spite of)
____________________________________________________________
7. In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile. (Although)
____________________________________________________________
8. My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet. (Despite)
____________________________________________________________
9. In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film. (Although)
____________________________________________________________
10.My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes flying. (In spite of)

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41
1. Hung was seriously advised by his teacher, but he insisted on disturbing the class.
In spite ____________________________________________________
2. Miss Diep tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.
 Despite ___________________________________________________
3. Although he felt tired, he stayed up to keep us company.
 In spite ___________________________________________________
4. Mr. Vinh would like more holidays. He doesn’t mind going to school.
 Despite ___________________________________________________
5. The work was hard and the wages were low. He decided to the job.
 In spite ___________________________________________________
6. They didn’t have much time, however they came to visit us.
 Despite ___________________________________________________
7. He is too old, but he still does his gymnastics every morning.
In spite ____________________________________________________
8. Trang Anh is the boss. She works as hard as her employees.
 Despite ___________________________________________________
9. He has health problems. He is always smiling.
In spite ____________________________________________________
10.Kieu Anh got good marks. The exam was difficult.
Despite ___________________________________________________

42 Write complete sentences, using the words/ phrases given in their correct forms.
You can add some more necessary words, but you have to use all the words given.
1. He/ not promoted/ spite of/ efforts.
=> _______________________________________________________________

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2. The boss/ denied/ bully/ new employee.

=> _______________________________________________________________
3. Students/ need/ vocational skills/ before they enter/ world of work.
=> _______________________________________________________________
4. She/ a dynamic businesswoman. /She/ so/ energy and focus.
=> _______________________________________________________________
5. He/ such/ empathetic nurse/ the patients/ love him.
=> _______________________________________________________________
6. I feel/ we have too/ academic subjects/ not enough time/ physical education.
=> _______________________________________________________________
7. As/ opera singer, / he has/ opportunities perform/ Grand Theatre.
=> _______________________________________________________________
8. Work/ as architects, / they design/ build.
=> _______________________________________________________________
9. They/ won/ big contracts./ They/ successful businesswomen / businessmen.
=> _______________________________________________________________
10.Work/ skilled craftsmen/ craftswomen,/ I learnt/ lot about/ art form.
=>
43
1. Mr Thuan was injured. He managed to finish the race.
 Despite ______________________________________________________
2. Although he had no qualifications for it, he got the job.
 In spite ______________________________________________________
3. I didn’t like the CD you have recommended me, but I bought it all the same.
 Although ____________________________________________________
4. Thuy went to school. She was ill.

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 In spite ______________________________________________________
5. We couldn’t win the match. We played well.
 Despite ______________________________________________________
6. It rained a lot. We enjoyed our holiday.
In spite ______________________________________________________
7. I told her all the truth. However she didn’t believe me.
 In spite ______________________________________________________
8. They didn’t play well, but they won the game.
Despite _______________________________________________________
9. He didn’t get the job. He had all the necessary qualifications.
 In spite ______________________________________________________
10.Although the shirts are very expensive, people buy them because they are trendy.
 In spite
44.
1. The boy finally managed/ deal/ his peers/ the vocational school.
=> _______________________________________________________________
2. She attempted/ cooperate/ the others/ team/ finish the work.
=> _______________________________________________________________
3. He has a talent/ fixing things,/ he/ an excellent mechanic.
=> _______________________________________________________________
4. My father/ running/ pharmacy./ He/ pharmacist.
=> _______________________________________________________________
5. He wants/ become/ fashion designer./ He/ very interested/ fashion and design.
=> _______________________________________________________________

6. I took/ account the pay/ the working conditions/ before I decided/ take the job.

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=> _______________________________________________________________
7. He/ become/ professional footballer/ the local football team.
=> _______________________________________________________________
8. He/ burnt the midnight oil/ a long time so it’s fair if he gets an A/ his final exam.
=> _______________________________________________________________
9. He a professional singer/ his beautiful voice, he/ make a bundle.
=> _______________________________________________________________
10.She dreams/ becoming/ physicist/ she really likes physics.
=> _______________________________________________________________
45.Rewrite the following sentences using a relative clause.
1. Rod Lee has won an Oscar. I know his sister.
_______________________________________________________________
2. Is this the style of hair? Your wife wants to have it.
_______________________________________________________________
3. A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out.
_______________________________________________________________

4. 7.05 is the time. My plane arrives then.

_______________________________________________________________
5. Max isn’t home yet. That worries me.
_______________________________________________________________
6. Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green.
_______________________________________________________________
7. Last week I went to see the house. I used to live in it.
_______________________________________________________________
8. I don’t know the girl’s name. She’s just gone into the hall.

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_______________________________________________________________
9. Be sure to follow the instructions. They are given at the top of the page.
_______________________________________________________________
10.Hoan Kiem Lake is a historical place. Its water is always blue.

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