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    đề thi thử chọn HSGQG 2012-2022

    Uploaded by

    Trọng Nguyễn

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    DOUBLETEE BIOLOGY DE THI THU CHON HOC SINH GIO! QUOC GIA THPT NAM HOC 2021 - 2022 DE THI CHIN THUC Mon: SINH HOC ‘Thoi gian: 180 phuit (khdng ké thot gian giao dé) Neay thi thir nhat: 01/12/2021 (Bé thi c6.06 trang, gém 12 cau hoi) NOIDUNG DE THI CAu 1 (2,0 diém) ‘Thi gian (gids) Sy diéu hda chu ki té bao & pha M (pha phan bao) cé lién quan dén ba logi protéin A, B,C; p-A va p-C la trang thai phdtphoryl héa cua préxéin tuwng tmg, Dé tim hiéu vé vai trd etia mdi loai protéin trong sy digu hoa chu ki té bao o pha M, ede nha khoa hoe di tién hinh dng bo hoa tit ca 18 bao & m6 phan chia vé pha G1 (thoi diém 0 gid) r6i khoi sur lai tién tinh chu fi, Biét cing thoi gian dign ra pha G1 va $ 12 1 gids 15 plait va 45 phitt, 86 lugng prétéin A, B, C néi bio e6 thé duge phan tich nh phurong php Wester blot, két qui thf nghigm duge biéu thi & Hin 1. pA a B pe c ogi protéin A, B va C 1 cyclin, enzim kinaza phy th Cdk? Giai thick. b)_ Hay cho biét hé thong enzim phétphataza cé vai trd nhur thé nao (hoat héa, tre ché, khng lim thay déi hoat tinh) déi véi cyclin diéu hda pha M? Giai thich. ©) 6 mdi thivi digm (1.5 gids; 2.5 git 3 gid va 3,5 gid), cdc té bao dang 6 pha no (G1, S, G2 vaM) cua chu ki té bao? Tai sao c6 thé ket luan nhu vay? d) Chat Y cé kha nang bat hoat sw biéu hién cua gen ma héa cyclin diéu hoa pha M trong nhin té bao. Hay cho bié khi xirly chat Y vao tinh hoan cia mt 4 thé chugt dye thi nh hug nhu thé nao dén kha nding tgo tinh tring cia c4 thé chugt niy? Giai thi cyclin (Cdk) hay protéin phire hé cy CAu2 (1,5 diém) Insulin 1a mot loai protéin xuat bao cia cde té bao beta & dao ndi tiét wyén ty. Trong mot nghién ciru dé tim hiéu ve hoat dng sinh ting hop insulin trong té bao, cac té bao béta duge xtrly véi axit amin loxin dinh dau phéng xa CH-loxin) trong 30 phat, sau dé ria sach roi tiép te 0 té bao trong digu kign chiza loxin khéng dinh dau phong xa. Hogt d6 phéng xa © cdc vj tri LH va Ll trong té bao béta duge do lién tyc suot thi nghiém, két qua duge mé ta @ Hinh 2. Hogt d} phing x9 (% tug s6) e228 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Thi gian sau vit ly vi H-loxin (phit) dc ti ndi bao Hinh 2 a) Hay cho biét mdi vj tri |, II va III tuong img voi cau tric nao sau day: mang sinh chit, lui ndi ch: tir b@ may Gongi, bp may Gongi va ti thé? Gidi thich. b) Chat ha hoe X ¢6 tée dung ngin cin Indi ndi chit tao ede tii ndi bao; chit héa hoe ¥ fam mé kénh ion Ca®* trén ming sinh chat. Hay dir dodn vé sir thay d6i hoat déng phéng xa 6 cdc vj tri 1, II va IIL trong méi dieu kién sau day? Giai thich, (1) Thém véo méi trudng khi bat dau thi nghim (thoi diém 0 phiit) mot long chat héa hoe X, (2) Thém vao mdi trudng khi két thtic thf nghiém (thai diém 180 phiit) mét luong chat héa hoc Y. 6 C43 (2.0 diem) ‘Téng dién tich bé mat hap thu dudg chat 6 té bao rut due ting ering nhér vio su gap nép cua mang sinh chat 6 ming huséng vao long midt tao nén hé thdng vi nhung mao, a Minh 3 m6 td m6 hinh cu tao don gian 1 tébdorudttheo ~ é théng vi nhung mao tai bé mat hap thu, mdi cu tric vi nhung mao eé dang hinh tra voi mét cue la nia mat cdu; dién cit ngang qua lit cit B eding duye m6 ti, phan din tich gidta céc vi hung mao (t6 miu den ¢ 1at cét B @ hinh 3) la khong dang ke va co the duge bo qua; cae con sO cé tuong quan véi kich thuée ctia céc céu tne dang quan sat. a) Hay cho biét cau tric nao trong bd khung xtrong té bao 66 vai trd tao nén hé théng vi nhung mao o bé mat rug? Dign tich Hay néu dic diém cau tao va mot s6 chire ning khac ctia Winh3 nay 6 té bao ding vat. 1b) MOtté bao rudt e6 1000 vi nhung mao. Hay tinh téng dign tich bé mat hap thu theo jum? ciia té bio nay va cho biét hé théng vi nhung mao é 18 bao nay am dign tich hé mat hip thu ving thém bao nhiéu Lan? Giai thich céch tinh, ©) Theo co ché gy tén huyét cia déc té shiga do vi khudn Escherichia coli kf sinh & rvdt iét ra dai hai gc 16 nay phai duge van chuyén xuyén qua té bao rudt bing cach nhip bao agdu nhién, Latrunculin tie ché sy tring hop cia ede tiéu dom vi actin va phalloidin ngan can sy théo géy cdc tiéu don vj actin trong cau tric sgi hoan chinh. Bi \g mot trong hai hay cho biét dé a chat ndo? Giai thieh, Céu 4 (1,5 diém) Cac nha khoa hoc nhan thay rang photphat v6 co (Pi) thu surcn thiét cho qua trinh lén men glucézo cia nam men Saccharomyces cerevisiae. O moi trudng thiéu 6xi nhung cung cap day dit Pi cho nam men str dung, lgng étanol va CO2 trong mai trrdng tang dan theo théi gian. Ngay khi nguon cung cap Pi bj can kigt, qua trinh Ién men bj ngimg Iei ngay ca khi mdi trang vn c6n glucézo. Hay tra loi a) Khinguin cung cp Pi bj can kigt, tai sao qué trinh 1én men bj ngimg lai? b) Chat ha hoe Y c6 kha nding tte ché enzim piruvat décacboxylaza, O mdi trudmg thiéu xi va cé mit chat héa hoe Y, hiy cho biét kich thuée trung binh cia khuan hay tuong durong so véi khi khong e6 mat eta chat héa hoc Y? ©) Motdong nam men bj d6t bién o enzim triézo'izomeraza chuyén dihidroxi axét6n photphat tro thanh glixérandéhit 3-photphat. G moi tung co mat Oxi, hay cho biét dot bién nay Oxi h6a hoan toan | mol da bao nhiéu mol ATP? Néu céch tinh, (1 NADH =3 ATP; | FADI2 =2 ATP) ‘TE bio rage ~ Lat eit 8 ifs ch mg geht g=Poa ere] aaa ATETTT | ic cu hoi sau dy: ic nim men 1a én hon, nhé hon cia i thich, glucdzo sinh ra Cau $ (2,5 diém) a) Métsé té bio thy vat cau tao gom hai lop vch té bao: I6p so cip va lop thir cap. Téludin la thuée nhugm ding dé nhudm mau vat thye vt; n6 bat mau xanh khi véch té bao chira lignin. (1) Néu hai vai tro khae nhau cua lop thir cap déi voi té bao thye vat va cho vi dy minh hoa, (2) Lap thir cap clia vach té bao thye vat duge hinh thanh khi té bao & m6 phan sinh hay khi te bao 8.101 khOi MO phan sinh? Tai sao? (3) Trong sé ci logi té bao sau; té bao éng ray, té bao mé cimg, té bao nhu md, té bdo ndi bi ré, t8 bao mach éng va quan bao, hay cho biét té bao nao bat miu xanh rd khi ahudm tludin? Gidi thich. 26 b) Cay truing sinh (Peperomia trichocarpa) c6 kha ning thich nghi trong diéu kién kh6 han no phat trién cdc mo du tt muréc, Hin 4.1 biéu thj cau tric hai mau gii phdu la (1, 2), mot mauciaca thé trong 6 digu kign dia mu mau con Iai cba cf thé 6 diéu kign thiéu nude. Hinh 4.2 biéu thj méi lién hé gitta luong nude tuong déi trong hai m6 A, B v6i mite bao hoa nude trong co the. Biét rang, mottrong hai md 0 X, Yorhinh4.1 va. A, Bo hinh 4.2 amo gi 10 80) 40 200 ‘neon TEL Nearer as Mint Miu2 Mire bio hia mart rong eo thé (6) (1) Hay cho biét mau nao (1 hay 2) éhinh 4.1 Hinh 4.1 Hinh4.2 Piet ed thé sing 6 didu kign thidu nur 10 08 0.9 04 02 Largo ture tug dt trong a mau mao fi eda cd thé song & 2) Dyra trén dc diém giai phdu 1 6 hinh 4.1 va céc dd thj 6 hinh 4.2. hay cho biét m6 mio (X.Y & hinh 4.1; A,B 6 hinh 4.2) fa md gidu, m6 ndo la m6 dur trir nude? Giai thich, (3) Hay cho biét dé dan hdi ciia vach té bao vi Iueng nuée tdi da chita trong té bao cua m6 gidu hay ind dy trir mre 1a lin hon? Giai thich. (4) Gia sir mot cay trang sinh dang sing trong diéu kign dit nude, Mét hge sinh dj chuyén cay nay dén mdi trurng khd han lam mat 50% tong long née co thé cua cay. Hay cho biét lrgng nude due huy dng tir té bao & md dur tet chiém 1116 1a bao nhigu so véi ban dau? Gidi thich. ‘Tai sao? Céiu 6 (1.5 digém) Cae nha thye vat hoe da tién hanh tim hiéu vé hoat dong () 6 dinh COz6 nhiGu loai thye vit, ho nhan thdyhai hg enzim = @ee= | Oxaldaxétat Riot # Ribulézo-|,5-bisphotphat + CO. > 2 3-phitphoglixérat Biét ring ca dong vj '°C (chiém phan Ién trong tr nhién) va NC déu 06 thé duge ¢6 dinh boi hai loai enzim néi trén. ‘Tuy ohién, do sy khac bigt nho trong khoi rgng phan tir ma © 4) B -12 -16 -20 -24 -28 -32 -36 40 ca hai logi enzim nay déu co tinh khang tro khi st dung "°C BPC (%) (wrung tam hoat dOng han ché str dung H'COx hoge 'COo). Hinh 5 Chi s6 6!°C c6 twong quan véi mute khang tro cia ho enzim c6 dinh CO:, Hinh 5 biéu thj cong thie ude tinh chi s6 8!°C va két qua khao sat trong 1000 loai thc vat C3, C4 vé mic khang tro cua cacboxylaza twong img 6 tig loai; biét rng miu thye vat dé cp dén loai thye vat dang nghién evru va mau chudn la mau héa thach thé hign 'C/!?C cua Trai dat. a) Hay tinh ti Ig phan tram vé sy khée bigt & khdi hong ctia 'CO,/!2CO> va H3COs/H2COs. Tir do, hay cho biét enzim PEPCaza hay RuBPCaza c6 mire khéng tro vei C cao hon? Giai thicl b) Hay cho biét mdi nhém thye vit 1 vA 2 6 hinh S la turang img véi thyre vat C3 hay C4? Gia thich ©) MOt nha Khoa hoc Khée di khao sét chi s6 6!°C trén mot s6 loai thue vat CAM 6 nhiéu lurgng mua khéc nhau trén Trai dat. Két qua thy ring chi sé 6'3C thu duge tir thi nghigm phan bé & khodng -26%» dn -14%o, Hay dura ra 1 Ii do thich hep dé gid uhich két qua quan sAt tir nh khoa hoe nay. toa thye vit 1 316 Cf 7 (1.5 diém) Bang L a) Céic nha khoa hoe tien hiinh mot thi nghigm dé tim hiéu Nong di ciia chit Nee ‘tang trang binh cia vé tae dong ctta ba chat diéu hoa sinh trong (A, B,C) | iéuhda sinh truvng | chiéu exo sau 3 ngiy (cm) [en sir phat triénchigu cao cita Iodi the vattht nghigm, | (oa vi rome diy Cult cok clic Ho thigt ké céc 16 thi nghigm, mdi 16 bé sung mot lgng ¢ [salts] chat digu hoa sinh tracing nhat dinh, sau dé do chiéucao 2 "35[ 125] ban dau va sau 3 ngay dé tinh mite tang trung binh cua 3 So] 143] chiéu cao; cdc s6 tigu thu dirge m6 ta 6 Bing 1. 4 65] 170) (1) Hay vé dé thj biéu dién két qua thi nghiém. | 5 (2) Hay cho biét mdi chit digu hda sinh tring A, B,C 6 a nh tong img vi hoocmén nao sau day: auxin, gibbérélin, xitdkinin, axit b) Mot hoe sinh tién inh tht nghiém nhu sau: Ngat 1d kh6i cinh roi cho vio dung dich chia suerézo vi néng d6 dinh dudmg phi hop; ban dau 1d xanh, chic nhung chi sau vai ngay Id tro nén vang, nhan nheo; tuy nhién néu ban dau bo sung mot rong hoocmén vao dung dich ban dau thi é vang, nhdn nheo chi quan sat duge sau it nhat 1 tuan. Hay cho biét dé li hoocmén nao? Tai sao? Cu 8 (1,5 diem) Hinh 6 m6 ti sv tuong quan gitta ap swat 6 Gatch: = Dhogmach eik— Tish wk re Ta dng mech cho, tam that trdi, tam nhi trai trong EJ ¢ chu ki hoat dng tim mot ngudi khée manh binh thuimg va ngussi bénh Y bj bat thing tai ‘mot van tim, Cac ki higu tir (i) dén (y) lamdi pha cia chu ki hoat dong tim, cae pha duge giéi han ~ boi edie dau tron 0’ bxixie va @tilen? Tai sao? a) Hay cho biét pha nao trong sé cae pha (ti (i) Tied tam (om of emo) dén (v)) la tuong ime véi: ih chet, Hinh 6 (1) Tho gian ma thé tich mau trong tim nhi fi [én nhit? Tai sao? (2) Théi gian ma ede van hai 1a (van ni that tréi) duy trio trang thai mé? Tai sao? (3) Pha ma cac sgi dan hoi 6 lép gitta cla dong mach chi 6 trang thai cing (dan) (4) Pha bj nit ngdn nbigu nhat khi tn s6 nhip tim tang trong qua trinh ging site? Ta b) Hay cho biét nguisi bénh Y c6 nhieu kha nang bj bat thuéng tai van tim nao? Néu ngudi bénh Y khong

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