Israel Land Administration

The Israel Land Administration (ILA; Hebrew: ‫מנהל מקרקעי ישראל‬, romanized: Minhal Mekarka'ei
Yisra'el; Arabic: ‫ )مديرية أراضي اسرائيل‬is an Israeli government authority responsible for managing land in
Israel which is in the public domain.[1] It manages 93% of the land in the country.[2] As a result of
reforms soon it will be transformed into Israel Land Authority.

Creation
Israel Land Administration was created in 1960 as a result of the Knesset legislature to oversee the
distribution and protection of all lands in Israel. According to the Basic law: Israel lands (:‫חוק יסוד‬
‫)מקרקעי ישראל‬, ILA manages the land in Israel that is either property of the state, the Jewish National
Fund (JNF) or the Development Authority. Today it is responsible for some 4,820,500 acres
(19,508,000 dunams) that constitute 93% of Israel's lands,[3] which are mostly leasable to Israeli
citizens or Jewish non-residents.[4] The remaining 7% of land is either privately owned or under the
protection of religious authorities.

Depopulated Palestinian areas

In 1965, the Israel Land Administration was responsible for the demolition of more than 100 of the
Palestinian towns and villages which had been depopulated in 1948.[5]

Functions
▪ Guarantee that the national land is used in accordance with Israeli laws,
▪ Actively protect and supervise state lands,
▪ Make state land available for public use,
▪ Plan, develop and manage state land reserves,
▪ Initiate planning and development (including relocation of existing occupants),
▪ Regulate and manage registration of state lands,
▪ Authorize contracts and agreements with other parties,
▪ Provide services to the general public.[3]

Policy objectives
▪ Designating land areas for public and state requirements
▪ Assuring land reserves for future needs
▪ Preservation of agricultural lands
▪ Land usage in accordance with the law
▪ Safeguarding the state lands[3]

Legal framework
Four Israeli laws form the legal basis of its land policy:

▪ Basic Law: Israel lands (1960) states that all the lands owned by the state of Israel will remain
in state ownership, and will not be sold or given to anyone.
 ▪ Israel Lands Law (1960) details several exceptions to the basic law.
▪ Israel Land Administration Law (1960) describes the details of establishing and operating the
Israel Land Administration.[6]
▪ Covenant between the State of Israel and the World Zionist Organization (establishing the
Jewish National Fund) (1960)[3]

Structure
The Israel Land Council sets policy for the ILA. It is chaired by Israel's Vice Prime Minister, the
Minister of Industry, Trade, Labor and Communications. The Council has 22 members; 12
represent government ministries and 10 represent the Jewish National Fund. The Director General
of the ILA is appointed by the government.[3]

Departments
▪ Planning and Development
▪ Mapping
▪ Finance Transactions
▪ Land Assessment
▪ Inspection and Supervision
▪ Legal Counsel, Ownership and Registration
▪ Personnel and Administration
▪ Information Technology
▪ Urban Marketing
▪ * Internal Audit[3]

Land ownership issues

"Ownership" of real estate in Israel usually means leasing rights from the ILA for a period of 49 or
98 years. The Israel Lands Administration distinguishes between urban land and agricultural land:
Urban land is leased for periods of 49 years with an option to extend the lease for another period of
49 years.[7] In practice though the rights granted to leaseholders under the current Israeli leasehold
system closely resemble full property rights.[8]

Under Israeli law, the Israel Land Administration cannot lease land to foreign nationals. In practice
foreigners may be allowed to lease if they show that they are eligible to immigrate to Israel in
accordance with the Law of Return.[9] In 2000, the High Court ruled that the State may not allocate
land to its citizens on the basis of religion or nationality, even if it allocates the land through a third
party such as the Jewish Agency. The Court's decision includes restrictions on the leasing or sale of
land based on nationality, religion, or any other discriminatory category.[10]

Reforms
As a part of reforms started in 2009 the Israel Land Administration will be dismantled and Israel
Land Authority will be created instead. A long-time land tenancy should turn into private land
ownership.[8]

According to the official press-release, "The reforms are designed to reduce bureaucratic
impediments for homeowners who wish to enlarge their homes and the involvement of the
Government in the real estate market, and enable the ILA to focus on developing and marketing
state lands, as opposed to dealing with leased residential units."[11] The reforms are meant to offer a
greater supply of residential units that would cause housing prices to decline.

Upon the agreement reached after negotiations were held between ILA management, Ministry of
Finance and Trade unions, some 200 of ILA staff will leave their job voluntarily, as for the rest they
will be embedded in the structure of a new Israel Land Authority organization.

Kahlon's appointment

On January 21, 2013 prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu has appointed former Communications
and Welfare Minister Moshe Kahlon as a new ILA chairman.[12] Kahlon's candidacy was chosen
since he enjoyed public support since he managed to reduce dramatically cellphone bills by setting
major reforms at the communications market.[13] It was expected that his appointment would
contribute to lowering the cost of housing for Israelis as he as a person capable of doing it.[12]

Netanyahu's decision was highly criticized by other politicians since it was taken only two days
before the elections.[14] The head of the Central Election Committee, Supreme Court Justice
Elyakim Rubinstein, barred Israeli media to broadcast the press conference at which the
appointment was announced, ruling that it could be regarded as election propaganda, which is
banned.[15] The Israeli Labor Party leader Shelly Yachimovich said that Kahlon's appointment was
illegal since according to law, the ILA chairman is appointed not by PM but rather by the Housing
and Construction Minister.[16] She filed a petition to the High Court of Justice.[17]

See also
▪ Israeli land and property laws
▪ Jewish National Fund
▪ Israel Land Authority

References
1. Pfeffer, Anshel; Stern, Yoav (2007-09-24). "High Court delays ruling on JNF land sales to non-
Jews" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071121113240/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/906
704.html). Haaretz. Archived from the original (http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/906704.ht
ml) on 2007-11-21. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
2. Ilan Ben Zion, Lands chief position reportedly forced on Likud minister (https://www.timesofisrae
l.com/lands-chief-position-reportedly-forced-on-likud-minister)
3. "Israel Land Administration. General Information" (https://web.archive.org/web/2013092721083
5/http://www.mmi.gov.il/Envelope/indexeng.asp?page=%2Fstatic%2Feng%2Ff_general.html).
Archived from the original (http://www.mmi.gov.il/envelope/indexeng.asp?page=%2Fstatic%2Fe
ng%2Ff_general.html) on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
4. Plocher, Lyle (2011-07-31). "Foreigner's guide to property market: Who owns the land?" (https://
www.jpost.com/Business/Real-Estate/Foreigners-guide-to-property-market-Who-owns-the-land)
. The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2018-12-13.
 5. Shai, Aron. “The Fate of Abandoned Arab Villages in Israel (https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979
/his.2006.18.2.86), 1965-1969.” History and Memory, vol. 18, no. 2, 2006, pp. 86–106: "In the
spring of 1965, the Israel Land Administration (ILA) initiated the demolition (or to quote
contemporary records, “leveling”) of more than one hundred of these abandoned Arab villages.
For about fifteen years prior to the ILA initiative, some of the abandoned villages had been
demolished, with just their mosques or churches left standing, while others still stood deserted.
Some of the villages were well preserved, while others bore the ravages of time; some had
been settled with Jewish immigrants at the Israeli government’s initiative (figures 1–4). In
villages where the houses had collapsed or were on the verge of collapse, the scars of IDF
urban warfare exercises could sometimes be seen, and there were signs of looting and
vandalism. However, it was only in the spring of 1965 that a clear policy was established to
“level” the abandoned villages with the aim of “clearing” the country, to quote the official term
used at the time. The operation, which was deliberately planned and executed, unlike its
predecessor in the aftermath of the 1948 war, lasted until the few weeks of political and military
tension before the June 1967 Six-Day War, and was subsequently continued after the war, and
even expanded to include the newly occupied territories... The demolition program affected a
large number of villages, including al-Burj, Bir Ma‘in (near present-day Modi‘in), Tall al-Safi,
Zakariyya (in the Elah Valley), Abu Shusha and al-Qubab (southeast of Ramle), al-Khayriyya
(near Jaffa; the place later became the central garbage tip), and in the north—Lubya (east of
Tiberias), Dalaata (near Safed), and the small town of Saffuriyya (now the Tzippori national
park)."
6. Israel Land Administration Law (http://www.israellawresourcecenter.org/israellaws/fulltext/lands
admlaw.htm)
7. Legal Aspects of Property Ownership in Israel (http://www.mortgageisrael.com/showpage.asp?p
ageid=10)
8. Israel Lands: Privatization or National Ownership? (https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/S
ociety_&_Culture/land.html)
9. Hasson, Nir (2009-07-21). "Most Arabs can't buy most homes in West Jerusalem" (http://www.h
aaretz.com/hasen/spages/1101682.html). Haaretz.
10. Israel and the Occupied Territories (https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51601.htm).
International Religious Freedom Report 2005. United States Department of State, Bureau of
Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2006)
11. Israel Land Administration Reforms Underway (http://www.pmo.gov.il/English/MediaCenter/Spo
kesman/Pages/spokerefoms061010.aspx), Prime Minister's Office, October 6, 2010
12. Zvi Zrahia, Nimrod Bousso, Netanyahu taps popular Likud ex-minister to head Israel Land
Administration (http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/netanyahu-taps-popular-likud-ex-minister
-to-head-israel-land-administration.premium-1.495226), Haaretz, January 21, 2013
13. Ron Friedman, Kahlon to the rescue? (https://www.timesofisrael.com/kahlon-to-the-rescue),
The Times of Israel, January 21, 2013
14. Boaz Fyler, Shiri Hadar, Parties slam PM over Kahlon appointment (http://www.ynetnews.com/a
rticles/0,7340,L-4335120,00.html), Ynet, January 21, 2013
15. Elie Leshem, Netanyahu decried for ‘populist’ move to promote Kahlon (https://www.timesofisra
el.com/netanyahu-knocked-for-populist-move-to-promote-kahlon), The Times of Israel, January
21, 2013
16. Lahav Harkov, Melanie Lidman, Yonah Jeremy B, PM to appoint Kahlon chairman of Lands
Authority (http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=300226), The Jerusalem
Post, January 20, 2013
17. Labor to petition appointment of Kahlon (http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=30023
0), The Jerusalem Post, January 20, 2013

External links
▪ Official website (http://www.mmi.gov.il/Envelope/indexeng.asp)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israel_Land_Administration&oldid=1189488765"