IMPORTANT CONSTITUTIONAL AMMENDMENT ACTS

KEY FACTS

▪ Constitution adopted and enacted on – 26 Nov 1949

▪ Constitution came into force – 26 Jan 1950
▪ Preamble was accepted on – 22 January 1947
▪ National flag adopted on – 22 July 1947
▪ National Song (Vande Matram) adopted on – 24 Jan 1950
▪ National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana) Adopted on – 24 Jan 1950
▪ Dr. Rajendra Prasad elected as first President of India on - 24 Jan 1950

Recent Amendments
100TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACT

➢ Land boundary agreement 1974 between India and Bangladesh

➢ To pursue this, exchange of some enclaves between India and Bangladesh
o Bangladesh to India – 51 enclaves
o India to Bangladesh – 111 enclaves
o From the territories of Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya (AWM)

101ST CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACT 2016

➢ It was 122nd Constitutional Amendment Bill 2014 (CAB)

➢ GST was introduced

102ND CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACT 2018

➢ 123rd CAB 2018

➢ Constitutional Status was granted to The National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)
➢ Inserted Article 338B (NCBC) & 342A

103RD CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACT 2019

➢ 124th CAB 2019

➢ Reservation For Economically Weaker Section
➢ 10% reservation to EWS in central govt & private educational institutions & central govt jobs
➢ Follows the mandate of Article 46 (govt should protect the educational & economic interest
of weaker section)
➢ Adds article 15(6) in education & 16(6) in employment

104TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACT 2019

✓ 126 CAB 2019

✓ Extension Of Reservation For SC/ST in Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assembly For 10 Years
(Till 25th Jan 2030), Abolished the Reservation for Anglo Indian in Lok Sabha - Article 334
105TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACT 2021

➢ 127TH CAB 2021

➢ Amends provisions added by 102nd Amendment
➢ States can maintain the “state list” of backward classes (पहले सिर्फ President कर सकता था
governor से discuss करके)
➢ It restores the state government power to prepare the Socially and Educationally Backward
Classes (SEBC) list, as per 102nd CAA state government did not have the authority to identify
the SEBC

Important Amendments
1ST AMENDMENT 1951

✓ added 9th schedule in Constitution

➢ three more grounds of restrictions on Freedom of Speech and Expression 19(1) were added -
i. Public Order
ii. Friendly Relation with foreign states
iii. Incitement to an offence

7TH AMENDMENT 1956

➢ Reorganization of States (भारतीय आधार पर)

➢ common high court for two or more states – provision introduced
➢ Part 7 Repealed Art. 238

21ST AMENDMENT 1967

➢ Sindhi language was added in 8th schedule

24TH AMENDMENT 1971

➢ extends the power of parliament to amend constitution including fundamental rights

➢ President’s assent to constitutional bill was made compulsory

26TH AMENDMENT 1971

➢ Abolished the privy purses and privileges of the former ruler of princely states

42ND AMENDMENT 1976 – Mini Constitution

➢ Added Part IV-A, Part XIV-A

➢ Most Comprehensive Amendment
➢ For Ex- It added FD (51A), DSPS - Art 323A, 323B, 39(f), 43A, 48A etc.
➢ Added the words – Socialist, Secular, Integrity (SIS) in the Preamble
➢ Transferred five subjects from the state list to the concurrent list
1. Education
2. Forest
3. Weight & measure
4. Protection of wild animals and birds
5. Administration of justice
44TH AMENDMENT 1978

➢ To change some provisions of 42nd Amendment

➢ Internal disturbance – “armed rebellion’’
➢ Right to property – Art 31 and 19(1)(f) placed in Article 300-A as legal right

52ND AMENDMENT 1985

➢ Anti defection law (10th schedule added)

61ST AMENDMENT 1989

➢ Age limit of voting reduced from 21 to 18

65TH AMENDMENT 1990

➢ Creates National commission for SC and STs under Article 338 (89th Amendment 2003
separate commission for STs under article 338A)

71ST AMENDMENT 1992

➢ Konkani, Manipuri & Nepali languages were added

73RD AND 74TH AMENDMENT 1992 & 93

➢ Panchayats and Municipality

86TH AMENDMENT 2002

➢ Right to education under Article 21-A

91ST AMENDMENT 2003

➢ 15% ministers in legislature (including pm & cm in their respective legislature)

92ND AMENDMENT 2003

➢ Bodo, Dogri, Maithili & Santhali languages were added in constitution

Increases 18 to 22 (onwards)

97TH AMENDMENT 2011

➢ Cooperative Societies under Part IXB and Article 243-ZH to 243-ZT (to form cooperative
society a fundamental right under article 19(1)(C)

99TH AMENDMENT 2014

➢ established NJAC
➢ In 2015, the Supreme Court declared both the 99th Constitutional Amendment 2014 and
the NJAC Act 2014 as unconstitutional and null and void (4th Judges Case)

☺☺☺
❖ A bill for amendment of the Constitution can be introduce in either of the house of
Parliament only and not in the State legislature
❖ There is no provision for joint sitting in Constitutional Amendment Bill and in case of
disagreement the bill become dead
❖ A bill passed by both the houses must be assented by President as per the 24th AA 1971
1. The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2015 introduced a new category of citizenship for the
persons of Indian Origin of certain categories. It is officially termed as:
a) Overseas Citizens of India Cardholder
b) Non-resident Indian Citizen
c) Indian Citizen Overseas
d) Indian Origin Citizen Abroad

a) Overseas Citizens of India Cardholder

2. Which part of the Constitution deals with the amendment to the Constitution and it’s
procedure?

संविधान का कौन-सा भाग संविधान में संशोधन और उसकी प्रक्रिया से संबंधित है ?

a) Part 19
b) Part 20
c) Part 21
d) Part 22

b) Part 20

3. Which constitutional amendment provided for the setting up of Administrative

Tribunals in India?

भारत में प्रशासवनक न्यायावधकरण ों की स्थापना के विए कौन-सा संिैधावनक संशोधन वकया गया?

a) 24th amendment
b) 42nd amendment
c) 49th amendment
d) 52nd amendment

b) 42nd amendment

4. GST was introduced through which amendment act?

जीएसटी को वकस संशोधन के जरिए शावमि वकया गया था?

a) 101
b) 102
Came into force on 1st July 2017
c) 103
d) 104

a) 101

5. Which of the following constitutional amendments provided for the Right to Education?

वनम्नविखित में कौन-सा संिैधावनक संशोधन वशक्षा के अवधकाि के विए िाया गया था ?

a) 88th
• The 86th amendment to the Constitution of India in 2002, provided the
b) 87th
Right to Education as a Fundamental Right in Part-III of the Constitution.
c) 89th
• The amendment inserted Article 21A
d) 86th
6. Who has the authority to amend the Indian Constitution?
भाितीय संविधान में संशोधन किने का अवधकाि वकसके पास है?

a) The President of India

b) The Prime Minister of India
c) The Parliament of India
d) The Supreme Court of India c ans.

C) The Parliament of India

7. The 10th Schedule of the Indian Constitution, popularly known as the "Anti-Defection
Law," was added by which amendment?
भाितीय संविधान की 10 िी ं अनुसूची, वजसे िोकवप्रय रूप से "दिबदि वििोधी कानून" के रूप में जाना
जाता है, उसे वकस संशोधन द्वािा जोडा गया था?

a) 52nd Amendment
b) 61st Amendment
c) 73rd Amendment
d) 91st Amendment

a) 52nd Amendment

8. The "basic structure" doctrine, which limits the amending power of the Indian
Parliament, was established in which case?
a) Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
b) Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain
c) Minerva Mills v. Union of India
d) Golaknath v. State of Punjab

a) Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala

9. Which amendment established the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC)

for the appointment of judges?
वकस संशोधन ने न्यायाधीशों की वनयुखि के विए िाष्ट्रीय न्यावयक वनयुखि आयोग (NJAC) की स्थापना की?
a) 99th Amendment
b) 100th Amendment
c) 101st Amendment
d) 102nd Amendment

a) 99th Amendment

10. Who can initiate the process of amending the Indian Constitution?
भाितीय संविधान में संशोधन की प्रविया कौन शुरू कि सकता है?
a) Only the President of India
b) Only the Prime Minister of India
c) Only Members of Parliament
d) Any member of the Parliament

d) Any member of parliament

11. From Constitution of which country, Indian Constitution borrowed the provision for
‘Procedure for amendment of the Constitution’?

वकस दे श के सं विधान से, भाितीय संविधान में 'संविधान के संशोधन की प्रविया' का प्रािधान विया
गया था ?

a) USA
b) Japan
c) Australia
d) South Africa

d) South Africa

12. On receipt of a Constitution Amendment Bill, after passing by each House of

Parliament, the President__

संसद के प्रत्येक सदन द्वािा पारित होने के बाद, संविधान संशोधन विधेयक की
प्राखि पि, िाष्ट्रपवत__
a) Shall give his assent
b) May give his assent
c) May not withhold his assent
d) May return the bill for reconsideration

a) Shall give his assent

13. Which one of the following statements about the amendment procedure is correct?
संशोधन प्रविया के बािे में वनम्नविखित में से कौन सा कथन सही है ?

a) Fundamental Rights can be amended by a simple majority in Parliament.

b) Certain amendments require a special majority of both houses of Parliament and
ratification by at least half of the state legislatures.
c) The President can make amendments by issuing executive orders.
d) The Constitution cannot be amended under any circumstances.

Option B

14. Which among the following is true regarding amendments of the constitution with
provisions which affect the federal character of the constitution?
संविधान के संघीय चरित्र को प्रभावित किने िािे प्रािधानों के साथ संविधान के संशोधन के बािे में
वनम्नविखित में से कौन सा सत्य है?

a) They can be amended by a simple majority

b) They can be amended by a 2/3 majority of both the houses of parliament
c) They can be amended by not only a 2/3 majority of the parliament but also ratification by
at least 50% of the states
d) All are correct

Option C
15. What is the maximum time limit for ratification by state legislatures for a
constitutional amendment?
a) 3 months
b) 6 months
c) 1 year
d) There is no time limit

d) There is no time limit

16. A constitutional amendment bill can be introduced in which house of Parliament?

एक संिैधावनक संशोधन विधेयक संसद के वकस सदन में पेश वकया जा सकता है?
a) Rajya Sabha (Council of States)
b) Lok Sabha (House of the People)
c) Either Rajya Sabha or Lok Sabha
d) Both houses simultaneously

c) Either Rajya Sabha or Lok Sabha

17. Which of the following is not a part of the amendment process of the Indian
Constitution?
a) Introduction of the bill
b) Presidential assent
c) State ratification
d) Public referendum

d) Public referendum

18. 106th Amendment Act 2023 is related to

a) Extension Of NCT
b) Reservation of women in legislature
c) Other Backward Classes
• The President of India has given assent to the
d) None of the Above
Constitution (106th Amendment) Act 2023, which
b) Reservation of women in legislature provides 1/3rd reservation for women in Lok Sabha
and State Legislative Assemblies

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