1.

) Which shape refers to have the highest strength in terms of load carring capacity to form

any tall building?

ANSWER=Arc

2.) Who was the founder of Geodesic dome?

ANSWER= Walther Bauersfeld

3.) Developable & Doubly curved shells are same. True or False?

ANSWER=FALSE

4.) Nondevelopable & Singly curved shell are same. True or False?

ASWER=FALSE

5.) Barrel vault is example of doubly curved or nondevelopable shells. True or Flase?

ANSWER=FALSE

6.) Dome belongs to anticlastic shell. True or False?

ANSWER=TRUE

7.) Hyperbolic paraboloid refers to anticlastic shells. True or False?

ANSWER= TRUE

8.) Which of the following refers to folded plate structure?

ANSWER= (C)

9) Indoor Stadium at Surat is example of Folded plate structure.

ANSWER=TRUE

Q : 2 Write Sort notes on the following. (ANY ONE)

1) Describe Folded plates shell structures in detail with examples.

ANSWER=

Fold plate shell structures-A folded plate roof is best described as an assembly of flat
plates, or slabs, that are bent in different directions and joined at their longitudinal edges. The
way the structural system is connected makes it capable of carrying loads without requiring
the use of additional support beams.

These structures are typically built on-site of precast reinforced concrete, steel plates, or
tempered glass. Various shapes include rectangles, pyramids, prisms, and non-rectangular
shapes. Since folded plate architecture is less material-intensive than other types of roofing
systems used for commercial applications, they’re also usually less expensive.

Folded plate shells exhibit several advantages, including ease in forming plane surfaces,
comparable costs to horizontal slabs, and reduced material usage for the same span. These
structures typically consist of inclined plates, which form the primary load-bearing elements,
along with edge plates for support and stiffeners to distribute loads efficiently. Columns are
incorporated to provide additional support to the structure. By optimizing geometry and
material distribution, folded plate shells offer a cost-effective solution with enhanced
structural performance. This architectural approach maximizes efficiency in material usage
while ensuring structural integrity, making it a preferred choice for a wide range of building
applications.

TYPES:

FOLDED PLATE TRUSS

CANOPY
TAPERED FOLDED PLATE

THREE SEGMRNT FOLDED PLATE

LIVE EXAMPLE:
Milwaukee Art Museum in Wisconsin, USA. Specifically, the museum's Quadracci Pavilion,
designed by the renowned architect Santiago Calatrava, showcases the use of folded plate
shell structures.

The pavilion's roof is composed of a series of large, wing-like steel plates that are folded and
arranged in a dynamic, kinetic form resembling the wings of a bird in flight. These folded
plate shells not only serve as a functional canopy to shelter the museum's entrance but also as
a striking architectural feature that has become an iconic symbol of the museum and the city
of Milwaukee.

The Milwaukee Art Museum's Quadracci Pavilion exemplifies how folded plate shell
The folded plate shell structures represent a fascinating blend of structural efficiency and
architectural expression, characterized by their geometric complexity and ability to span large
distances with minimal support.