17.

24
Theory Module

Strict EVAP System

How will this module help you?

The EVAP system with leak monitor first
appeared on some 1996 Eclipse models.
Now found on all models, this module covers
system operation, diagnostic strategies and
special tool use so you’re ready to diagnose
and repair the EVAP system.

Technical
Training
Strict Evap System

MODULE GOAL Completeing this module provides theory and hands-

on practice with operation and diagnosis of the strict
EVAP system.

OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this module you will be able to:

• Explain the purpose of the system.

• Identify the system components.

• Explain component operation.

• Demonstrate use of the scan tool on this system.

• Use MMSA required equipment for diagnosing the

system.

• Create a leak in the system that sets a DTC.

PREREQUISITES Module 17.10

DIRECTIONS Make notes in this module for your reference during

the classroom discussion. If you have a question, we
encourage you to ask at anytime. Complete the
activities in this module as directed by the instructor.
Complete the knowledge check at the end of the
module.

WHAT YOU WILL NEED • 97-99 Eclipse RS or GS (no Spyder)

• Other vehicle with strict EVAP system

• Test light

• Jumper leads

• EVAP system tester MIT80220

• MUT II Scan Tool

• 10K, 15K, 22K resistor(s)

TIME TO COMPLETE Approximately 1.5 hours

Theory Module 17.24 1 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

 SAFETY IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY

This technical training module is for use by professional Mitsubishi Motors dealership
service technicians. The descriptions and procedures in this publication supplement
existing service manuals, technical service bulletins, and other documents provided by
Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America, Inc. (MMSA). As a result, the use of these sources
may be required to ensure a proper repair.

Within this manual you will find Notes, Cautions, and Warnings. These references provide
guidance to help you do your job efficiently and safely. The definitions for these terms are
listed below.

NOTE

The purpose of a Note is to help you do your job more efficiently. A Note may
also provide additional information to help clarify a particular point or
procedure.

CAUTION

A Caution alerts you to the possibility of damage to either tools, equipment, or

to the vehicle itself. A Caution recommends that a procedure must be done in
a certain way to avoid potential problems resulting from improper technique or
method.

WARNING

A Warning alerts you to the highest level of risk. Warnings inform you that a
procedure must be done in a particular way to minimize the chances of an
accident that could result in personal injury or even loss of life.

When you see a Note, Caution, or Warning, be sure you understand the message before
you attempt to perform any part of a service procedure. Also keep in mind it is impossible
for MMSA to anticipate or evaluate every service situation a technician may encounter.
For that reason, you have the final responsibility for personal safety–yours and those
working around you. Be sure to always wear proper protective clothing and safety
equipment, use the proper tools, and follow the repair procedures as outlined in various
service publications provided by MMSA.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored

electronically, or transmitted in any form or by any means without
prior written approval from Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America, Inc.
MMSA reserves the right to make changes in the descriptions,
specifications, or procedures without prior notice or obligation.

Copyright © 1998 Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America, Inc.

Corporate Technical Training Department
Strict Evap System

Module Signposts

Refer to the related video material for more

information.

Refer to the related publication for more

information.

Perform the related activity and answer

the related questions.

Complete the Knowledge Check to verify

your understanding of the material.

U-2 17.24-2

Theory Module 17.24 2 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

System Application The strict EVAP system first appeared on the 1996
Eclipse with the 420A engine and 3.0L California
Monteros. These systems still function as fuel
(hydrocarbon) vapor storage systems as described in
EMD module 17.10. Added to the system is an OBD II
system monitor which verifies the system does not
have any leaks. If the monitor detects conditions
indicating a leak, a DTC will set and the MIL will be
illuminated. These systems can detect leaks as small
as .040 in.

Strict EVAP system vehicle application

Year Model Engine Fed./CA

1996 Eclipse 420A All*
1996 Montero 3.0 CA
1997 Eclipse 420A All
1997 Eclipse Spyder 2.4 All
1997 Galant 2.4 CA
1997 Montero 3.5 CA
1997 Montero Sport 2.4 All
1997 Montero Sport 3.0 CA
1998 All All All
1999 All All All
U-3 17.24-3

*The 1996 Eclipse 420A was equipped with a functional strict EVAP system, however it does
not set DTC’s if there is a system problem.

There are two types of EVAP monitor systems. The

Eclipse with the 420A engine uses a leak detection
pump. All other models use a pressure sensor on the
fuel tank.

Theory Module 17.24 3 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

System Operation Eclipse 420A

The EVAP system consists of

· Fuel filler cap
· Fuel tank
· Roll over valve
· EVAP system hoses
· Charcoal canister
· Purge solenoid
· Leak detection pump
· Fuel vent valve
The EVAP system stores vapors from the fuel tank.

U-4 17.24-4

Theory Module 17.24 4 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

Vapors flow through the rollover valve and are stored in

the charcoal canister. Under appropriate driving
conditions the purge solenoid is duty cycled to control
the amount of vapor flow from the canister to the
engine for burning. The PCM monitors purge flow and
can set a DTC if purge flow is below normal.

Did you know...

Duty cycle refers to the amount of time a device is
turned “ON” by the control module. A 50% duty
cycle means the device is on half the time during
the cycle.

Leak Detection Pump

U-5 17.24-5

The Leak Detection Pump (LDP) consists of several

parts. A solenoid controlled by the PCM connects the
pump to engine vacuum or atmospheric pressure.

A vent valve seals the EVAP system during the leak

detection monitor test.

The pump diaphragm is controlled by the solenoid.

When the solenoid is energized, engine vacuum is
applied to the pump cavity pulling the diaphragm up
against spring pressure. This action draws air into the
one way check valve from the air filter.

Theory Module 17.24 5 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

When the solenoid is turned OFF, the diaphragm

spring pushes the diaphragm down forcing air into the
EVAP system. The PCM cycles the solenoid ON and
OFF. This is how the LDP pressurizes the EVAP
system.

The PCM monitors diaphragm position through a reed

switch in the LDP. As the diaphragm moves up and
down, it opens and closes the reed switch providing an
input signal to the PCM.
Leak Detection Monitor Test

U-6 17.24-6

At vehicle start up, PCM will run the EVAP leak

detection monitor test. This test runs only under the
following enable conditions:

· Battery temperature between 40-90 F o

· Coolant temperature at vehicle start is within 10

degrees of battery temperature
· Fuel level warning lamp OFF
· No residual pressure detected in system at vehicle
start

Theory Module 17.24 6 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

When these conditions are met, the PCM will run the
leak detection monitor test. The first part of this test
energizes the solenoid in the leak detection pump
(LDP) immediately after engine start. This allows
vacuum to move the pump diaphragm up. This checks
the LDP diaphragm position switch operation.

k
U-7 17.24-7

Theory Module 17.24 7 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

U-8 17.24-8

If the switch test is OK, the PCM continues the test. If

the switch test fails, a DTC will set (on the second drive
cycle).

j
U-9 17.24-9

In the second part of the test, the PCM cycles the LDP
diaphragm three times looking for EVAP system
blockage.

Theory Module 17.24 8 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

k
U-10 17.24-10

The third part of the test consists of rapid cycling of the

LDP diaphragm to pressurize the system. The PCM will
cycle the diaphragm 70 times, putting approximately
.25 PSI of pressure on the EVAP system.

After cycling the LDP, the PCM monitors diaphragm

movement. If there is no leak, the diaphragm should
not move for at least 20 seconds. If the diaphragm
moves in under 20 seconds, there may be a system
leak.

If the LDP diaphragm does not stop moving, or moves

immediately after the 70 cycles, this indicates a large
leak. Diaphragm movement between 5-10 seconds
indicates a small leak. Both of these conditions will set
DTC’s if the condition is present for two consecutive
drive cycles.(art)

If the diaphragm moves after 15-20 seconds, this

indicates a very small leak that may not set a DTC,
however, the cause should be investigated and
corrected.

A loose fuel cap, or use of the incorrect fuel

cap can cause a DTC to set.

Theory Module 17.24 9 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

MMC System Operation The 420A equipped Eclipse is currently the only
Mitsubishi vehicle using the leak detection pump
system. All other models with a strict EVAP leak
monitor use vacuum to leak test the system.

U-11 17.24-11

The MMC EVAP with leak monitor has two solenoids

and a fuel tank pressure sensor along with the
common components of charcoal canister, liquid vapor
separator and others.

The leak monitor uses one solenoid to seal the system

and another solenoid to apply a controlled amount of
vacuum to the system.

Theory Module 17.24 10 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

At the appropriate time in the drive cycle, the ECM (or

PCM on some models) seals the system by closing the
EVAP ventilation solenoid. This is labeled Pressure 1
(P1) on the graph.

U-12 17.24-12

U-13 17.24-13

The ECM then monitors the pressure with the system

sealed. This is labeled Pressure 2. The ECM uses this
information as a reference for normal pressure build up
in the tank with the EVAP system sealed.

Theory Module 17.24 11 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

U-14 17.24-14

The ECM then operates the purge solenoid at a 25%

duty cycle to apply a controlled amount of vacuum to
the EVAP system. When approximately 1”of vacuum is
reached, the ECM closes the purge solenoid. This is
Pressure 3 (P3) on the graph. The ECM then monitors
the vacuum. If there is little or no loss of vacuum, the
system is judged OK. This is indicated by Pressure 4
(P4) on the graph.

U-15 17.24-15

If there is a leak, the vacuum loss creates a pressure

increase from P3 to P4. If this occurs, the ECM will run
the test 3 more times during the drive cycle to validate
the condition. If all tests fail on two consecutive drive
cycles, a DTC will set and the MIL will turn ON.

If there is a very large leak, the system may not

achieve enough vacuum to reach P3. Again, the ECM
will repeat the test as outlined and set a DTC after the
second drive cycle.

Theory Module 17.24 12 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

Component Operation
Purge Solenoids

m
U-16 17.24-16

The purge solenoid controls EVAP vapor flow to the

engine and place vacuum on the system for leak
testing.

The EVAP ventilation solenoid is used to seal the

system during EVAP leak testing.

k
U-17 17.24-17

Both solenoids are electrically controlled by the ECM.

The ECM completes the circuit to ground to energize
the solenoids.

Theory Module 17.24 13 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor

g
U-18 17.24-18

The fuel tank pressure sensor is very similar to a MAP

sensor in construction and operation. Pressure
changes cause a membrane in the sensor to move,
which changes the resistance through the sensor.
Scan Tool Interface

U-19 17.24-19

The MUT II scan tool can run the leak monitor test
while the vehicle is in the shop. This can greatly reduce
diagnostic time.

Theory Module 17.24 14 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

Leak Detection Pump Operation

Vehicle: 97 g Eclipse with 420A drivetrain

Tools:

• Jumper leads
• “Popper” type harness probe
• Test light
• 10k Ω
• 15k Ω
• 22k Ω resistors (1 each)
• Scan tool

1. Position the vehicle on the lift and raise in the air.

WARNING
Always verify the vehicle is firmly on the lift
and the lift safety locks are functioning
properly.

2. Locate the LDP. On 97 models, it is in the right front

fender area. On 98 models, it is behind the fuel
tank.

3. Using a “Popper” type tool, locate pin 3 on the LDP

solenoid harness and carefully insert the probe.

Theory Module 17.24 15 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

4. Connect jumper leads in sufficient length to reach

the vehicle interior.
Make sure all connections are isolated away
from vehicle grounding sources such as the
vehicle body and suspension components to
prevent short circuits.

5. Connect the test light to the jumper lead(s) and to

battery 12+ (positive). The test light should be ON
when the ignition is in the OFF position.

Is the test light ON with the ignition OFF?

YES / NO (circle one)

6. Connect the Scan Tool to the vehicle using the

420A adapter harness. Turn the ignition on (do not
start the engine). Use the MFI data list option to
view Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor
readings.

What is the ECT reading?

_________________________________________
7. Use the scan tool to verify battery temperature.

What is the battery temperature?

_________________________________________

8. Connect appropriate exhaust collector to the vehicle

if perfoming this test inside the shop.
WARNING
Failure to use exhaust hose can result in
Carbon Monoxide poisoning and death.

Theory Module 17.24 16 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

9. The EVAP leak monitor only runs if the coolant

temperature is within 10 degrees of battery
temperature. Using the following chart, we can
place a fixed resistor in place of the ECT sensor to
fool the ECM. This will allow us to run the test upon
every key start.

Battery Temperature Resistor Engine Coolant Radio Shack

Reading Range Value Temperature Reading Part Number

70 - 88 o F 10K (1/2 W) 79 o F 271 - 1126

52 - 70 o F 15K (1/2 W) 61 o F 271 - 1127

41 - 55 o F 22K (1/2 W) 46 o F 271 - 1128

During the test, turn the A/C ON. This will keep
the cooling fans ON to prevent overheating due
the substitute ECT value created by the
resistor.

10.While watching the test light, start the vehicle. The

EVAP leak monitor test will start immediately. The
flashes of the test light correspond to the chart
below.

Ater the 70 pump cycles, the pump should stop,

indicated by the test light staying OFF.

Did the EVAP test complete?

YES / NO (circle one)

Theory Module 17.24 17 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

WARNING
There may be residual pressure in the fuel
tank. Remove the cap slowly. This will relieve
the pressure without allowing any liquid fuel to
escape. Removing the cap quickly could
release liquid fuel creating a fire and safety
hazard.

11. Turn the vehicle off and remove the fuel cap and
open the overflow limiter valve by pushing with a
screw driver. Repeat the test. You should notice the
test continue after the 70 pulses due to the leak
caused by the fuel cap.

Did the test run, then continue?

YES / NO (circle one)

12.Turn the engine OFF, then restart the engine and

allow the test to repeat.

Did the MIL turn ON after the test completed?

YES / NO (circle one)

This procedure allows you to watch the EVAP

system test and complete the monitor in the shop.
This is very helpful in diagnosing EVAP system
DTC’s and verifying your repairs.

Instructor Sign Off _________

Theory Module 17.24 18 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

MUT II Scan Tool EVAP System Test

This test runs the EVAP system monitor on vehicles

using the tank pressure sensor monitor system (not
those with the Leak Detection Pump).

1. Connect the MUT II to the vehicle.

2. Connect appropriate exhaust collector to the vehicle

if perfoming this test inside the shop.
WARNING

Failure to use exhaust hose can result in

Carbon Monoxide poisoning and death.

3. Engine ON

4. Select MFI system. After the check code, continue

to the “Readiness Test” screen.

Are all readiness tests complete?

YES / NO (circle one)

5. If YES, go to the “Check for DTC” menu and erase

DTC’s. This will reset the readiness tests to
“Incomplete.” The readiness tests for the EVAP
system must be incomplete for the MUT II to run
the system test. IF NO, select “Readiness Test” and
check if the EVAP monitor test is complete. If it is,
go to “Check for DTC” and erase codes. If it is
incomplete, continue directly to step 6.

6. Select “System Test” from the MFI menu.

7. Select “Evap Leak Monitor” test.

If the readiness test is complete, you will see a
prompt instructing you to clear DTC’s. This
resets readiness to incomplete.

Theory Module 17.24 19 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

8. Follow the instructions on the display. On 1998

vehicles, you may have to manually keep the
throttle in the correct RPM range and place a load
on the engine by turning on the headlights, rear
defogger and blower motor. Most 1999 vehicles
should complete the test in a “hands free” mode.

9. Did the test complete and Pass?

YES / NO (circle one)

If Yes, no leaks were detected. If NO, there may be

a leak and further diagnosis of the EVAP system is
needed.

10. Engine OFF

Set an EVAP system DTC.

11. Loosen or remove fuel cap. Run the EVAP leak

monitor test again (refer to previous steps if
needed).

12. Did the test pass?

YES / NO (circle one)

If NO, did a DTC set?

YES / NO (circle one)

13. Press the YES key to see the DTC.

What is the DTC?

_________________________________________

14. Is the MIL ON?

YES / NO (circle one)

15. Engine OFF. Wait 30 seconds.

16. Ignition ON, Engine OFF

Did the DTC erase and the MIL go off? They should
have after the Engine was turned OFF. If not, erase
the DTC using the MUT II.

17. Return the MUT II to its storage location.

Instructor Sign Off _________

Theory Module 17.24 20 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

Use of the EVAP System Pressure Pump

Self-Test

1. Using the operating instructions in the tool cover,

self-test the tool.

Did the tool pass the self-test?

YES / NO (circle one)

If Yes, continue. If No, the pump needs servicing.

Ask the instructor for assistance.

EVAP System Leak Test

WARNING
The vehicle fuel tank must be at least half full
to safely conduct this test. If the tank level is
below ½, add enough fuel to raise the level to
at least ½.

1. Connect the hose from the EVAP tool to the

pressure port on the Eclipse with the 420A
powertrain. For other vehicles, skip to step 10.

2. On Eclipse models with the 420A powertrain, use

the scan tool to close the vent valve. Connect the
Scan Tool to the vehicle.

3. Select the MFI system.

4. Select “System Test”

5. Select “LDP Test”

6. Select “Hold Mode.”

7. On 1995-1997 vehicles, Apply 15” of vacuum to the

Service Vacuum Supply Tee (SVST). On 1998 and
after models, remove the vaccuum line going to the
LDP and apply vacuum. This will close the vent
valve. You can confirm this from the scan too
display.

Theory Module 17.24 21 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

You may have to use a vacuum pump to

provide enough vacuum to close the valve. You
could also run the engine, however, the noise
level could make it difficult to locate any leaks
in the system.

8. Follow the EVAP system pressure pump

instructions under I/M 240 simulation to check the
system for leaks.

9. If there is a leak, refer to TSB-98-13-012 for detailed

diagnostic procedures. The TSB provides a detailed
diagnostic strategy for locating leaks. To locate
leaks, you can use an ultrasonic leak detector, soap
and water or visually check for leaks by sight, fuel
vapor smell, or hearing the leak.

10. For vehicles that do not have a check valve for

direct connection to the EVAP system pressure
pump, use the generic adapter provided and install
it into the EVAP line between the purge solenoid
and the canister.

11. Using vacuum line pliers or needle nose locking

pliers covered with hose, clamp off the line leading
from the vent solenoid valve to the filter.

Theory Module 17.24 22 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

12. Follow tool instructions to check for leaks using the

I/M 240 simulation.

13. If a leak is detected, it can be found using an

ultrasonic leak detector, soap and water, or by
seeing the leak, smell of fuel from the leak source,
or hearing the leak.

14. Was a leak detected?

YES / NO (circle one)

If Yes, what would you check next?

_______________________________________

15. Disconnect tool, vacuum pump if used, and Scan

Tool if used back to their storage location. Remove
any other tools from the vehicle to clamp off lines
and put away.

Instructor Sign Off __________________

Theory Module 17.24 23 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

KNOWLEDGE CHECK 1. The strict EVAP system

A. Meets OBD II monitoring requirements

B. Stores HC vapors for purging under

appropriate conditions.

Page 3 C. Uses a charcoal canister for HC storage.

D. All of the above.

Page 9 2. Technician A says the fuel cap is an important
component in the EVAP system and can cause a
DTC to set if it is not tight.

Page 6 Technician B says the leak monitor begins right

after engine start when the enable criteria is met on
420A powered Eclipses.

Who is correct?

A. A only

B. B only

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B
Page 5 3. The leak detection pump on the 420A Eclipse

A. uses a motor to pressurize in the EVAP system

to check for leaks.

B. uses a solenoid to control the pumping action.

C. uses a motor to create vacuum in the EVAP

system to check for leaks.

D. uses a solenoid to create a vacuum in the

EVAP system to check for leaks.
Page 14 4. The scan tool offers

A. EVAP related DTC monitoring

B. Running the EVAP Monitor test on MMC

vehicles

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

Theory Module 17.24 24 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

Strict Evap System

Page 3 5. Technician A says the EVAP system can detect a

leak as small as .040”.
Page 5 Technician B says the PCM monitors purge flow
from the EVAP system and can set a code if flow is
below normal.

Who is correct?

A. A only

B. B only

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

Answers: 1d, 2c, 3b, 4c, 5c

Theory Module 17.24 25 Mitsubishi Motors Sales of America

 WE SUPPORT
VOLUNTARY TECHNICIAN
CERTIFICATION THROUGH
National Institute for
AUTOMOTIVE
SERVICE
EXCELLENCE

Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America, Inc. Revised 11/98