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Enes Unit 2 Note
Enes Unit 2 Note
INTRODUCTION
- Accurate and correct usage of word
- strategies to improve :
o CONSISTENT READING- textbooks, novels, newspaper, magazines
o USING DICTIONARY- understand exact meaning
USING A DICTIONARY
- Definition & description
- Pronunciation- phonetic (sound)
- Part of speech of a word- ex: noun or verb
- Synonyms
- Singular or plural [pl.]
- American, British, or standard
- Formal or informal
- 2 diff meanings or usages-
- Tips : back of dictionary- extra grammatical & pronunciation info- in the mid- study
notes & grammar
CONTEXT CLUES
- hints within a sentence, paragraph- to understand meaning/unfamiliar word
- visual- ex : picture
- 6 TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
1. DEFINITION CONTEXT CLUE- definition- ex: “homogeneous”- “ppl with same
characteristic”
Sentence : The company looked into its homogeneous group of consumers and
realised their uniform characteristics and needs.
2. SYNONYM CONTEXT CLUE- the same as- nearly the same- another word of it-
ex: “overjoyed”- “exalted”
Sentence : The CFO was exalted and overjoyed to identify an upward increase in
sales.
3. ANTONYM CONTEXT CLUE- “willing”- “tentative”
4. DESCRIPTION CONTEXT CLUE- explanations
5. SUMMARY CONTEXT CLUE- “impertinent”- rude, no respect, poor manners,
impolite
6. VISUAL CONTEXT CLUE- picture, illustration, chart, graph
- TIP : context clues- help no dictionary usage
BUILDING VOCABULARY
- Recognise parts of unfamiliar words
o Root word- not added in beginning or end- ex: photo
o Prefix- added at beginning- change meaning- ex: dis +appear- disappear
o Suffix- added at end- change function-
- ex: nation (noun) + al- national (adjective)
- ex: quick + ly = quickly
- ex: sad + ness = sadness
ROOT WORDS
- Developed root words- known as word family ( prefix/suffix added)
- Examples
1. USE : useless, usable, used, using, user, misuse
2. EMPLOY : employment, unemployment, employer, employee, employing
3. MANAGE : manager, managing, manages, manageable, unmanageable
- Important to recognize- help to work out meaning
( CHECK PREFIX & SUFFIXES IN DIFFERENT PAGE : TABLE)
COMPOUND WORDS
- One written as 2 words
- Ex: draw bridge becomes drawbridge
Jembatan angkat
- Used frequently in English
- 3 forms of compound words :
1. CLOSED FORM- blended together- ex: afternoon, football, backup, airport,
classmate
2. HYPHENATED FORM : mother-in-law, well-being, three-dimensional
Tanda sambung
3. OPEN FORM : post office, real estate, new world, French fries
- when doubt using it- check dictionary- hyphen used in prefix- ex: re-creation, re-
formation, re-sign
- example on internet related : E-mail (noun), e-mail (verb), web page, online, e-book,
webcam, dot-com, website
- commonly used compound
HOMOPHONES
- Words, phrases, or letters- pronounced same- differ in meaning
- Ex: to, too, two
- Common examples :
o There, their- whether, weather- aisle, isle- cell, sell- buy, by- cereal,
serial- course, coarse- hair, hare- complement, compliment- him, hymn-
whole, hole- steal, steel- profit, prophet
- Checked using dictionary (see sect 2.5)-
KNOWING A WORD
- Passive knowledge ( understanding )
- Active knowledge :
o MEANING
definition- words have denotation & connotation (in
dictionary)
negative & neutral connotation
formal & informal
academic writing- neutral, formal, unemotional
o USE
appropriately & effectively
put words together that belong together- collocation
collocation- putting right adjective w/ right noun- right
adverb w/ right verb
fix its context
ex: word “kid” in business report- too informal
o FORM
Knowing part of speech- word, adjective, adverb,
preposition
Recognize roots, suffix & prefix, spelling &
pronunciation
o WORD GRAMMAR
Know how to use- to make sense
countable- ex: apple, 2 apples, 3 apples
or uncountable- ex: water, air, rice
sentence