DYNAMICS

SEMM 1213
Lecture 3
(Kinetics of Particle)
Kinetics of particles
• Consider forces causing motions. Why?

• Cover 3 sub-topics:
1. Force & acceleration (Force vs acceleration)
2. Work & energy (Force vs velocity)
3. Impulse & momentum (impact problem)

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Force & Acceleration
• F=ma => Newton‘s law
• Gravitational force, F=mg
• direction always downward (toward center of the earth)
• act at the center of gravity (CG) of an object
• Frictional force, F=μN
• N is normal force due to contacting surfaces (solid or fluids)
• Friction direction is always against particle motion direction
• Friction is due to surface roughness (μ)
• Force in cable is constant along its length
• FBD is important in solving using this approach
Try out!

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Slammed the break!
Slammed the break!
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Work (U) & Energy (Vg, Ve, T)
• Units of work & energy
Joule (J) = N.m
• Work done, U = F.s
• Force and displacement along the same line of action
• Consider constant force :
(i) point force (ii) cable (iii) friction
• Energy:
• gravitational potential energy, Vg
• elastic potential energy, Ve
• kinetic potential energy, T
• Total change in work done = Total change in energy
• FBD is not important in solving problem using this
approach
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Gravitational potential energy (Vg)
From

Height  Energy 

Height  Energy 

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Elastic potential energy (Ve)
We know or
From

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Kinetic potential energy (T)
We know and

Rearrange
From

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Try it out!
Try it out!
Try it out!
Slammed the break!
Slammed the break!
Slammed the break!
Slammed the break!
Slammed the break!
Use your Big Brain!
Impulse & Momentum
• Momentum = mv
• Impulse => change in momentum (mv)
• Units => N.s @ kg.m/s
• Obtained from F = ma;

Impulse Final Initial momentum

momentum
• can also be obtained from (F-t) curve

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Slammed the break!

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Slammed the break!

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Slammed the break!

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Slammed the break!

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Slammed the break!

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Slammed the break!

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Slammed the break!

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Slammed the break!

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Conservation of Momentum
• For a closed/isolated system, ∑mv = constant
• ∑mvinitial = ∑mvfinal

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Impact
• Collosion between two bodies which occurs in a very short
time interval and involving relatively large force
• Use the concept of conservation of momentum & coefficient
of restitution
• Use n-t axis for analysis

• Consider:
• Direct central impact
• Oblique impact
• Wall/surface impact
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A B

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A B

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A B

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Coefficient of restitution, e

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