Math8 Q4 Weeks5to8 Binded Ver1.0

8
Mathematics
Modules
Quarter 4 – Weeks 5 – 8
8
Mathematics
Quarter 4 - Module 5:
Basic Concepts of Probability
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Basic Concepts of Probability
Second Edition, 2021
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Published by the Department of Education

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Jay F. Macasieb, DEM, CESE
Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ailyn M. Luces
Julius S. Geneta
Editor: Lara Charrise R. Calumbano
Reviewer: Michael R. Lee
Layout: Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida
Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Michael R. Lee
Education Program Supervisor, Mathematics
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support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)
Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City
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City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph
2
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of number of occurrences of an outcome in an experiment. The scope
of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is about the Basic Concepts of Probability. After going through this
module, you are expected to:
1. illustrate an experiment, outcome, sample space, and event; and
2. count the number of occurrences of an outcome in an experiment using table,
tree diagram, systematic listing, and fundamental counting principles.
What I Know
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What do you call a set of all possible outcomes of an experiment?

A. event B. outcome C. sample space D. experiment
2. ____________ is a set of one or more outcomes satisfying some given conditions.

A. Outcome B. Event C. Experiment D. Sample space
3. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A. The probability of rolling 3 in a die is 1/6.
B. Flipping a coin thrice has 3 possible outcomes.
C. Answering a true/false question has two possible outcomes.
D. The probability of getting a head when a coin is tossed once can be expressed
as ½, 0.5 or 50%.
4. How many possible outcomes are there if you draw a card at random from a deck
of 10 identical cards suits labeled 1 to 10?
A. 1 B. 5 C. 10 D. 15
5. When two dice are tossed, how many possible outcomes are there?
A. 6 B. 12 C. 24 D. 36
3
Lesson
1 Basic Concepts of Probability
Studying probability will help the students develop critical thinking skills and
interpret the probability that surrounds us daily. Students should begin by doing
simple experiments like the coin and dice toss.
In this lesson we will illustrate an experiment, outcome, sample space, and event.
We will also find the number of occurrences of an outcome in an experiment.
What’s In
People deal with probability questions daily. Now, you will attempt to predict the
chance that something will or not happen.
Many things in life are uncertain.
Will our team

win the
WillWW
I pass
championship?
the test?
http://www.clipartpanda.com/clipart_ima
http://clipart-library.com/clipart/2039323.htm ges/poetry-prompts-for-second-44579618
These questions can be answered with

words such as “maybe”, “likely”, “perhaps”, or
“probably”. We ask questions because we are uncertain whether such events will occur
or not.
What’s New
People use their personal experiences and intuition to answer questions about
an event’s chance of occurring, but in some cases, it is possible to give a more precise
numerical measure of chance. This is known as probability.
Probability is the branch of Mathematics concerned with analyzing the

chance that a particular event will occur. Its purpose is to attempt to
predict the likelihood that something will or will not happen.
4
The probability of an event, P (event) is the number from 0 to 1 which tells how
likely the event is to happen. Event is a set of outcomes (a subset of the sample space).
When a mother gives birth to a baby, how likely is it that the newly born baby is
a girl? There is an even chance that a mother will give birth to a baby girl. When you
toss a die, how likely is it that 5 dots will come out? The event is unlikely to happen
because there is only 17% chance that 5 dots will come out. In these examples, the
result depends on chance.
Let’s try to answer the following question using the illustration.
Choies Brownish Red Off Shoulder Corset Detail

http://www.instalacije- Long Sleeve Blouse (3.400 HUF) ❤ liked on
hocevar.com/emilio- Polyvore featuring… | Red long sleeve tops,
pucci-neck-tie-blouse- Long sleeve blouse, Red blouses
263-new-green- (pinterest.co.uk)-vivarabestloved-p-293.html
women-clothing-
blousesemilio-pucci-
vivarabestloved-p- 1. How many blouses are
293.html
there?
2. How many pairs of
short pants are there?
3. How many pairs of long
pants are there?
4. How many different
outfits can you choose?
https://www.instyle https://altimategear.co
.com/fashion/clothi
ng/shop-denim-
m/shop/maleni-
womens-leather- 1. There are 2 blouses.
shorts-mid-length shorts/
2. There are 2 short pants.
3. There are 2 long pants.
(1) Womens High Waist
Slim black, grey Flared https://www.pinter
Bell Bottom Pants est.ph/pin/3087781
Ladies OL – 18174089936/
ikcclassicafricanfashion
On the right are the

combinations of outfits.
After the mix and match of blouses, long pants, and short pants, we come up
with 8 different outfits. The mixing and matching of blouses, short pants, and long pants
is an experiment. The 8 different outfits are called as the possible outcomes. Each
possible result of the probability experiment is an outcome. The set of all outcomes is
the sample space of the experiment. The sample space is usually denoted by S and the
total number of possible outcomes by n(S).
To find the probability of an event, it is necessary for us to determine the number

of possible outcomes and the number of favorable outcomes. There is a need to organize
our data to find the correct number of possible and favorable outcomes.
5
What is It
There are four ways on how to count the number of occurrences of an outcome in
an experiment.
A. Table
Probability Experiment Possible Outcomes
Examples:
Tossing a die
Flipping two coins HH, HT, TH, TT
B. Tree Diagram
Example 1:
Tossing two coins in the air as the tossing of one coin two time in succession.
First toss Second toss Possible Outcomes
HH
H
HT
H
TH
T
TT
HH
H
HT
T
TH
T
TT
Example 2:
There are two white balls and one black ball in a box. You reach in and get a ball,
record the color, replace it, and draw a second ball. What are the possible
combinations for the first and second balls you draw?
6
First ball Second ball Possible Outcomes
W WW
W W WW
B WB
W WW
W W WW
B WB
W BW
B W BW
B BB
C. Systematic Listing
Example 1: How many numbers of two- digits can be formed from integers
1,2,3, and 4? If no digit is repeated?
The possible two-digit numbers are:
12,13,14 (using 1 for tens digit) 31, 32,34 (using 3 for tens digit)
21,23,24 (using 2 for tens digit) 41, 42,43 (using 4 for tens digit)
Example 2:
By listing, show various ways of arranging three books [Math (M), Science (S),
English (E)].
(M, E, S) (E, M, S) (M, S, E)
(S, M, E) (E, S, M) (S, E, M)
D. Fundamental Counting Principle

If there are m ways to do task, and n ways to do another, then there are m x n
ways of doing both.
Example 1:
A Morning snack consist of a drink and a sandwich. You may choose from coffee,
milk, and juice for the drink, and a ham and tuna for sandwich. How many
possible snacks are there?
Three choices for drink p= 3
Two choices for sandwich q=2
Therefore, pq = 3 (2) = 6 snacks
7
Example 2:
If there are 7 doors to a room, in how many ways can a person enter one door
and leave by a different door?
7 choices to enter and 6 choices to exit
Therefore, (7)(6) = 42 ways
What’s More
Activity 1: Tell how likely each event will happen. (impossible, unlikely, even chance,
likely, certainly)
____________________1. The sun rises in the west.
____________________2. Four dots came out after rolling a die.
____________________3. Mrs. Beltran is expecting a baby. It is a baby boy.
____________________4. The clouds are dark. It will rain.
____________________5. A dolphin will swim in water.
Activity 2: Determine the number of occurrences of an outcome in an experiment using

the method asked for.
A. Table
Probability Experiment Possible Outcomes
Drawing a card at random
from a set of cards (1 -10)
B. Tree Diagram
A morning snack consists of a drink and a sandwich. You may choose from coffee,
milk, or juice for the drink and ham or tuna for the sandwich. How many possible
snacks are there?
C. Fundamental Counting Principle

A pizza can be ordered with 3 choices of size (small, medium, large), 4 choices of
crust (thin, crispy, regular) and 5 choices of topping (beef, bacon, pepperoni,
cheese, mushroom). How many one-toping pizzas can be ordered?
What I Have Learned
Probability is the branch of Mathematics concerned with analyzing

the chance that a particular event will occur. Its purpose is to
attempt to predict the likelihood that something will or will not
happen.
8
Probability experiment is a chance process that leads to a well-defined result called
outcome. Examples include rolling a die, tossing/flipping of a coin, and picking card
from a deck of cards.
Outcome is the result of a single trial of an experiment.
Event is a set of outcomes (a subset of the sample space).
Sample space is the set of all possible outcomes or sample points.
There are four ways on how to counts the number of occurrences of an outcome in an
experiment.
1. Table
2. Tree Diagram
3. Systematic listing
4. Fundamental Counting Principle
If there are m ways to do task, and n ways to do another, then there are m x n ways of
doing both.
What I Can Do
How many numbers of two-digit can be formed from 1,2,3, and 4, if no digit is repeated?
Show your answer using systematic listing.
9
Assessment
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is not an example of probability experiment?

a. spinning a wheel c. tossing a die
b. flipping a coin d. reciting a poem
2. Identify the event in the given problem below.

“There are 4 red blocks and 3 blue blocks in a box. What is the
probability that you will pick a red block?”
a. picking a red block c. 4 blue blocks
b. 3 red blocks d. probability of picking
3. There are 8 red blocks and 6 blue blocks in a box. How many possible
outcomes are there if a red block is picked at random?
a. 8 b. 6 c. 14 d. 48
4. A factory made 2 new shirt designs. Each design comes in 3 different colors: red,
blue, and black. Shirts are available for each color in small, medium, large, and
extra-large sizes. In how many ways can a customer choose a shirt?
a. 3 ways b. 4 ways c. 12 ways d. 24 ways
5. Mr. Gueco is going to choose one pasta dish and one drink from the menu. Which
set shows all the possible choices?
DRINKS PASTA
Orange Spaghetti
juice Carbonara
Iced tea Lasagna
a. {(spaghetti, carbonara), (spaghetti, lasagna), (lasagna, carbonara)}

b. {(spaghetti, orange juice), (carbonara, orange juice), (lasagna, orange juice)}
c. {(spaghetti, iced tea), (carbonara, orange juice), (lasagna, iced tea)}
d. {(spaghetti, orange juice), (carbonara, orange juice), (lasagna, orange juice),
(spaghetti, iced tea), (carbonara, iced tea), (lasagna, iced tea)}
10
8
Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Probability of Simple Events
Quarter 4 – Module 6: Probability of Simple Events


Writer: Arnelyn Tabarejos Rendon
Layout: Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Michael R. Lee

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
2
What I Need to Know
master probability of simple events. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
The module contains one lesson: Probability of Simple Events. After going
through this module, you are expected to find the probability of a simple event.
3
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. You have an equally likely chance of choosing any number from 1 to 10. What
is the probability that you choose a number greater than 6?
1 2 1 3
A. 10
B. 5
C. 2
D. 5
2. A bag contains 3 white, 4 blue, and 5 red marbles. What is the probability that a
marble selected at random is blue?
1 1 5 7
A. 3
B. 4
C. 12
D. 12
3. Two fair cubical dice are tossed. What is the probability that the sum of the
numbers showing on the dice will be four?
1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D.
12 18 36 9
4. What is the probability of getting a king card in a deck of 52 cards?

1 1 4 3
A. B. C. D.
52 13 13 13
5. A class has 15 boys and 20 girls. If a student is picked randomly, what is the
probability that the student is a girl?
4 3 3 2
A. 7
B. 7
C. 4
D. 3
4
Lesson
Lesson
Probability of Simple Events
11
In the previous lessons we were concerned about basic concepts about
probability. This time, we now discuss how to find the probability of simple events.
What’s In
Before we proceed to the discussion of probability of simple events, let us recall writing
sample space and the number of possible outcomes.
S = sample space n(S) = number of possible outcomes
1. Flipping a coin
𝑆 = {𝐻, 𝑇} 𝑛(𝑆) = 2
Head Tail
2. Tossing a die
𝑆 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑛(𝑆) = 6
3. Drawing a card at random from a deck of 8 identical cards containing letters A to H
A
𝑆 = {𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸, 𝐹, 𝐺, 𝐻} 𝑛(𝑆) = 8
What’s New
This is an application about real-life situations wherein knowledge about

probability of simple events will be applied.
5
Due to the pandemic, teens are prohibited to go outside their homes.
It is weekend and the sisters Marie and Jesusa finished their school
tasks and daily house chores early. To ease the boredom, Marie and
Jesusa decided to play chess. At the beginning of the game, the two
girls are arguing who will be the first to do the move. Nobody wants to
give up for the first move. Their brother Victor heard the two girls
https://freesvg.org/gossiping-women
arguing and he introduce to them the tossing of coin to have a fair
decision on who will take the first move.
If you were the player, what would you choose, head or tail? Why?
When a coin is tossed, how likely is it to get a tail?
What is It
From the given situation above, you had used the concept of probability of simple events.
For better understanding, let us discuss thoroughly this topic.
Probability is the branch of Mathematics that deals with uncertainty. It is a measure

or estimation of how likely it is that an event will occur.
The probability of an event is denoted as P(E). It is a number from 0 to 1 and maybe

written in the form of fractions, decimals, and percent. The sum of the probabilities of
all the outcomes in a sample space is 1.
𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝒏(𝐄)

𝐏(𝐄) = =
𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝒏(𝐒)
Probability line
Impossible Unlikely Even Chance Likely Certain
1 1 3 1
0 4
4 2
0.75 1
0 0.25 0.5
75% 100%
0% 25% 50%
Examples:
1.) What is the probability of getting a 4 when a fair die is rolled?
Solution:
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑛(S) = 6
There is only one 4 in the sample space, then 𝑛(𝐸) = 1.
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛(𝐸)

𝑃(𝐸) = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛(𝑆)
1
𝑃(𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 4) =
6
6
2.) What is the probability of getting odd numbers when a fair die is rolled?
Solution:
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑛(S) = 6
The odd numbers in the sample space are 1, 3 and 5, then 𝑛(𝐸) = 3.

𝑃(𝐸) = =
3 1
𝑃(𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟) = =
6 2
3.) What is the probability of getting numbers that are less that 5 when a fair die is
rolled?
Solution:
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑛(S) = 6
The numbers in the sample space that are less than 5 are 4, 3, 2 and 1, then
𝑛(𝐸) = 4.

𝑃(𝐸) = =
4 2
𝑃(𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟) = =
6 3
4.) What is the probability of getting a diamond from a deck of cards?
Solution:
Sample space 𝑛(S) = 52
https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/16108/standard-deck-of-52-playing-cards-in-curated-data
The number of cards that are diamond is 13 , then 𝑛(𝐸) = 13.

𝑃(𝐸) = =
13 1
𝑃(𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑) = =
52 4
5.) The are 30 marbles in a jar. 10 are blue, 5 are red, and 15 are yellow. What is
the probability that a red marble will be picked?
What is the probability that a blue marble will be picked?
7
Solution:
𝑛(S) = 30 The number of red marbles in the jar is 5, then 𝑛(𝐸) = 5.

𝑃(𝐸) = =
5 1
𝑃(𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑙𝑒) = =
30 6
The number of blue marbles in the jar is 10, then 𝑛(𝐸) = 10.
10 1
𝑃(𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑙𝑒) = =
30 3
6.) There are 18 boys and 20 girls in a class. If a student is selected randomly,
what is the probability that the student selected is girl?
Solution:
𝑛(S) = 38 The number of girls in the class is 20, then 𝑛(𝐸) = 20.
20 10
𝑃(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑙) = =
38 19
What’s More
I. A circle is divided into 10 equal parts to form a spinner. It is

numbered as shown at the right. When the pointer is spun, what
is the probability that it will stop at:
A. 7 D. a number less than 10

B. a prime number E. a negative number
C. a number between 5 and 10 F. a perfect square
II. There are 12 months in a year, what is the probability that a month of the
year drawn randomly:
A. starts with a “M” D. ends in “y”

B. has more than 5 letters E. has fewer than 5 letters
C. has the letter “e” in it
8
What I Have Learned
Probability of Events
1. The branch of Mathematics that deals with uncertainty.
2. The probability of an event is denoted as P(E).
3. It is a number from 0 to 1.
4. Maybe written in the form of fractions, decimals, and percent.
5. The sum of the probabilities of all the outcomes in a sample space is 1.
6. The formula is:
𝑃(𝐸) = =
What I Can Do
At a car park there are 100 vehicles, 60 of which are cars, 30 are vans, and the
remainder are lorries. If every vehicle is equally likely to leave, find the probability
of:
a) a van leaving first.
b) a lorry leaving first.
c) a car leaving first.
Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
is the probability that you choose a prime number?
7 1 1 2
A. 15
B. 3
C. 2
D. 5
2. A jar contains 5 chocolates, 4 candies, and 3 mallows. What is the probability

that a chocolate is selected at random?
1 1 5 7
A. 3
B. 4
C. 12
D. 12
9
numbers showing on the dice will be 13?
1 1
A. 12
B. 0 C. 1 D. 13
4. What is the probability of getting a queen of heart in a deck of 52 cards?

1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D.
52 13 4 26
5. At the farm, there are 20 chickens and 30 ducks, what is the probability of
picking a duck?
3 2 3 2
A. 4
B. 5
C. 5
D. 3
10
8
Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 7:
Experimental Probability and
Theoretical Probability
Quarter 4 – Module 7: Experimental and Theoretical Probabilities

Writer: Editha P. Cuenco
Layout: Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida and Ma. Fatima D. Delfin

Michael R. Lee

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
2
What I Need to Know
master applying triangle congruence to construct perpendicular lines and angle
bisectors. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

a. illustrate an experimental probability and theoretical probability; and
b. solve problems involving probabilities of simple events.
What I Know
Analyze and solve each statement and choose the letter of your choice.
1. Two six-sided dice are rolled, which of the following is the

number of sample space?
A. 12 C. 6
B. 36 D. 66
2. The local weather station reports that the chance of rain in Makati area is 0.88.
Write this probability as a fraction and as a percent.
88 1
A. 100
and 88% C. 50
and 1%
1 88
B. 100
and 1% D. 50
and 88%
3. Randy’s piano book includes 25 songs in the key of C, 20 in the key of G, and 15
in the key of F. The songs from all three keys appear in random order. Over the
past month, Randy has randomly opened his piano book to a song in the key of
C 70 times, the key of G 30 times, and the key of F 20 times. What are the
theoretical and experimental probabilities that the next song Randy randomly
picks will be in the key of G?
1 1
A. Theoretical probability = 4 and experimental probability = 3
1 1
B. Theoretical probability = 2
and experimental probability = 3
1 1
C. Theoretical probability = and experimental probability =
3 2
1 1
D. Theoretical probability = 3
is the probability that you choose a number greater than or equal to 6?
1 2 2 3
A. 15 B. 3 C. 5 D. 5
5. A coin is flipped and a die is rolled. Find the probability of getting a head on the
coin and a 4 on the die.
1 1 5 7
A. 12 B. 6 C. 12 D. 12
3
Lesson
Experimental Probability and
1 Theoretical Probabiliy
You have heard the terms, theoretical probability, and experimental probability,
but what do they mean? Are they in anyway related? This is what we are going to
discover in this module. It discusses the differences between experimental and
theoretical probability and their applications. We will explore the definition of an event
and learn how to calculate the probability of its occurrence. We will also practice using
standard mathematical notation to calculate and describe different kinds of
probabilities.
What’s New
But that was

a part of the
deal, Aaron.
We both must
work one day
Jayzel, I do
out of the
not wish to I do not know. I have
weekend.
work on the not really thought
weekend. about it. But we could
make it randomly.
http://mumsgather.blogspot.com/2011/0
6/parent-teachers-conference.html
Well, which
day do you
want?
cnJ08gtNv7TS
http://mumsgather.blogspot.com/2011/0 How?
cnJ08g
Jayzel took two pieces of paper and wrote Saturday on one and Sunday on the other.
Now we can figure out the

probability of you getting
Saturday or Sunday...
http://mumsgather.blogspot.com/2011/0
4
What is It
We can stop there. This lesson is all about probability. Jayzel’s experiment is an example
of experimental probability. Let us talk more about this as we go through the lesson.
In Math, once we contend with probability, we have a tendency could also be asked for
the experimental probability of associate degree experiment. This implies that they are
searching for the likelihood of one thing happening based mostly on the results of the
associate degree actual experiment. This is often the experimental probability definition.
Experimental probability is calculated when the actual situation or problem is

performed as an experiment. In this case, you would perform the experiment, and use
the actual results to determine the probability.
Theoretical probability is the probability that is calculated using Math formulas. This
is the probability based on Math theory.
Let us look at an example where we first calculate the theoretical probability, and then
perform the experiment to determine the experimental probability.
Example 1
Two dice are rolled. Find the theoretical probability of each.
a. 𝑃(𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 3)
b. 𝑃(𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 5 𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)
Solution:
a. favorable outcomes = (2,1), (1, 2) = 2
total number of outcomes = 36
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝑷(𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕) =
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝟐 𝟏
𝑷(𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝟑) = 𝟑𝟔
= 𝟏𝟖
b. favorable outcomes = (4,1), (5,1), (6,1), (3,2), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), (2,3), (3,3), (4,3),
(5,3), (6,3), (1,4), (2,4), (3,4), (4,4), (5,4), (6,4), (1,5), (2,5), (3,5), (4,5), (5,5), (6,5),
(1,6), (2,6), (3,6), (4,6), (5,6), (6,6) = 30
total number of outcomes = 36
𝟑𝟎 𝟓
𝑷(𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟔
Example 2
A coin is tossed, and a six-sided die is rolled. Find the probability of getting a tail
on the coin and a 5 on the die.
Solution:
These two events (the coin and die) are independent events because flipping of
the coin does not affect rolling the die. The events are independent of each other. Let us
find the probability of each independent event.

5
There is only one tail on a coin and there are two total outcomes (head or tail).
𝟏
𝑷(𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒍) = 𝟐
There is only one 5 on a die and there are six total outcomes on a die ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).
𝟏
𝑷(𝟓) =
𝟔
Now, we need to find the probability of tossing a tail on the coin and rolling a 5
on the die. So, we need to combine both events. There is a rule for calculating the
probability of independent events.
To find the probability of two or more independent events that
occur in sequence, find the probability of each event separately,
and then multiply the answers.
𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) 𝐱 𝑷(𝑩)
Now, let us apply the rule:

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑷(𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂 𝟓) =∙ =
𝟐 𝟔 𝟏𝟐
𝟏
The probability of flipping a tail on the coin and rolling a 5 on the die is 𝟏𝟐
𝒐𝒓 𝟖. 𝟑%.
The experimental probability of happening of an event is the ratio of the number of trials
in which the event happened to the total number of trials.
The experimental probability of the occurrence of an

event E is defined as:
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔

𝑷(𝑬) =
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒔
Example 3:
A spinner was spun in a probability experiment 50 times. The
results are shown in the table. Compute the experimental probability of
the spinner landing on yellow.
color red blue yellow

raw data
total from tally 16 14 20
Solution:
The data from the experiment above shows that the arrow landed on yellow 20 out of
50 times, to get the experimental probability that is:
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 20 𝟐

Probability of getting a yellow = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑠
= 50
= 𝟓
Example 4:
Suppose we toss a coin 145 times and get a tail of 60 times. Now, we toss a coin
at random. What is the probability of getting a tail?
Solution:
Total number of trials = 145
Number of times tail appeared = 60
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 60 𝟏𝟐

Probability of getting a tail = = =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 145 𝟐𝟗
6
For some problems, you are expected find the probability of something occurring
and then apply it to a whole group of people or a situation in which many trials are
run. To solve these problems, you are going to have to take the probability you
found and multiply it by the whole group of people or the number of trials that are
run. It should look something like this:
Probability x whole group of people

or
probability x the number of trials that are run.
Example 5
In preparation of her cake party, Joedith surveyed 40 students at Makati
Science High School about their favorite cake flavor. She found out that 8 of them like
mango bravo. If 215 students are expected to attend the cake party, about how many
will prefer mango bravo?
Solution:
𝟖 𝟏
𝑷(𝒍𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒐 𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒐) = 𝟒𝟎
= 𝟓
To get the number of students who prefer mango bravo out of 215 students:
1
5
𝑥 215 = 𝟒𝟑
So, there are 43 students who like mango bravo.
What’s More
ACTIVITY 1: This activity will check your understanding on basic concepts of

experimemntal probability. Determine the number of possible outcomes on the following
experiments. Express answer in fraction form.
1. There were dogs of many different breeds at the dog park last Sunday. Use
experimental probability to determine that a dog picked at random in the
neighborhood will be an Askal?
German Shepherds 5
Askal 9
Bulldog 3
Poodle 4
2. You flip a coin 55 times and get 25 tails. What is the experimental probability of
getting tails?
3. What was the experimental probability of rolling a number greater than 3?
Number on Cube Frequency

1 9
2 4
3 10
4 11
5 7
6 8
7
1 2
8 3
4. An experiment consists of spinning this spinner once.
What is the probability of spinning an even number? 7 4
6 5
5. During skating practice, Aaron landed 8 out of 17 jumps.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eight-
What is the experimental probability that he will land his colour-wheel-2D.png
next jump?
ACTIVITY 2: This activity will check your understanding on concepts of theoretical

probability. Match the problem in COLUMN A with their corresponding answer in
COLUMN B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
A bag contains 5 red, 4 blue, and 8 yellow marbles. If a

marble is drawn at random, what is the probability that it
is a red marble?
1
A letter from the word PHILIPPINES is randomly chosen. 2
What is the probability that it is letter P?
1
A fair die is rolled. What is the probability of getting a 5
number divisible by 3?
3
11
Two dice are rolled. What is the probability that sum is
greater than 9? 1
6
A card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards. What is
1
the probability that the card drawn is a red card?
3
There are 50 tickets in a lottery in which there is a first and

second prize. What is probability of a man drawing a prize
if he owns 5 tickets?
What I Have Learned
Theoretical probability is the theory behind probability. To find the probability of an

event using theoretical probability, it is not required to conduct an experiment. It
attempts to predict what will happen based upon the total number of outcomes possible.
Theoretical probability is defined as the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to
the number of possible outcomes.
8
The experimental probability also is an approach that relies upon actual experiments
and adequate recordings of occurrence of certain events. It is defined as the ratio of the
number of times that event occurs to the total number of trials.
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒔
The basic difference between these two approaches is that in the experimental approach;
the probability of an event is based on what has happened by conducting a series of
actual experiments, while in theoretical approach; we attempt to predict what will occur
without performing the experiments.
What I Can Do
Solve the following problems.
1. A student is taking a multiple-choice test that has 60 questions. Each question

has four choices. If the student guesses randomly on every question, how many
questions should the student expect to answer correctly.
2. Aaron is playing a game in which she rolls a number cube with sides labeled 1 to
6. He rolls the cube 30 times during the game. Based on the theoretical
probability, how many times should he expect to roll a number less than 5?
3. What is the probability of drawing a heart card or a black card or the ace of
diamonds?
4. There are 5 blue marbles, 4 red marbles, 3 green marbles, and 2 black marbles
in a bag. Suppose you select one marble at random. What is the probability that
it is a red marble or a green marble?
Assessment
Let us check how much you have learned about the lesson by answering these
questions. Choose your answer from the given choices.
1. A pair of dice is cast 20 times, and on 2 of these occasions, the sum of the
numbers facing up is 5. What is the experimental probability that the sum of the
numbers facing up is 5?
1
A. 1 B. 0.1 C. D. 10
100
2. Annie planted 85 seeds out of which 17 were lemon seeds. Find the experimental
probability of not choosing a lemon seed.
1 1 1 4
A. 85
B. 9
C. 5
D. 5
3. A die is rolled 50 times. The results of the experiment are shown in the table
below. What is the experimental probability of rolling a 3?
1 4
A. 4
C. 7
1 1
B. D.
5 9
9
4. What is the probability that the spinner will not stop on red?
5 7
A. 6
C. 8
1 1
B. 2
D. 6
1 1 1 1
A. 12
B. 18
C. 36
D. 9

1 1 4 3
A. 52
B. 13
C. 13
D. 13
7. What is the theoretical probability that an even number will be rolled on a number
cube?
1 2 1 5
A. 3
B. 3
C. 2
D. 6
8. At a political rally, there are 20 from Liberal Party, there are 20 from PDP-LABAN,
and 6 are Independents. If a person is selected at random, find the probability
that he or she is either from Liberal Party or an Independent?
1 19 2 5
A. 3
B. 39
C. 13
D. 13
9. A letter is chosen at random from the 26 letters in the alphabet. What is the
probability of choosing a vowel?
21 5
A. 26
C. 21
26 5
B. D.
5 26
10. A glass jar contains 1 red marble, 3 green marbles, 2 blue, and 4 yellow marbles.
Find the theoretical probability of getting a blue marble.
1 1
A. 10
C. 5
3 2
B. 10
D. 5
10
8
Mathematics
Quarter 4 - Module 8:
Let’s Practice and Apply
Mathematics - Grade 8
Quarter 4 - Module 8: Let’s Practice and Apply
First Edition, 2021

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE
Writer: Selected Teachers in Grade 8 (Mathematics)
Editor: Jamin L. Candolesas
Layout: Ma. Fatima D. Delfin

Michael R. Lee
Department of Education - Schools Division Office of Makati City

Telefax: (632) 882 5861 / 882 5862
2
Directions: Read and analyze each item/question carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer. (50 points)
1. Look at the following pictures below, which of the following shows parallel lines?
I. II. III.
A. I and II C. II only
B. I only D. II and III
2. If 𝐴𝐵𝐶  𝐷𝐸𝐹, which of the following is not true?

I. 𝐴𝐵  𝐷𝐸 III. 𝐴𝐶  𝐸𝐹
II. 𝐶𝐵𝐴 𝐹𝐸𝐷 IV. 𝐶𝐴𝐵  𝐷𝐹𝐸
A. I and II B. II and III C. I and IV D. III and IV
3. Which of the following could be a possible measure of the sides of a triangle?

A. 6, 10, 16 C. 4, 5, 6
B. 9, 9, 19 D. 5, 5, 10
4. If the lengths of the two sides of a triangle are 5 and 8, then the length of the
third side should be less than___________.
A. 3 C. 8
B. 5 D. 13
5. Which of the following shows a correct relation among the angles of BUG below?
B
A. U  B  G
B. G  U  B
10
8
C. B  U  G
D. U  G  B
G 6 U
6. Given the figure below, 𝐵𝐴 is equal to 𝐵𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 is equal to BE. 𝐴𝐵𝐷 measures
48° and 𝐶𝐵𝐸 measures 51°. Which of the following statements is true?
A. AD is longer than CE
B
B. CE is shorter than AD
C. AB is longer than DE 𝟒𝟖° 𝟓𝟏°
D. CE is longer than AD A C
D E
7. Which of the following statements is not true about parallel lines cut by a
transversal?
A. Corresponding angles are congruent
B. Same – side interior angles are supplementary
C. Alternate exterior angles are congruent
D. Alternate interior angles are complementary
3
8. If 𝑍 is a point on the perpendicular bisector of 𝑋𝑌, what can you conclude about
𝑋𝑍 and 𝑌𝑍?
A. 𝑋𝑍 ≠ 𝑌𝑍
B. 𝑋𝑍 > 𝑌𝑍
C. 𝑋𝑍 < 𝑌𝑍
D. 𝑋𝑍 = 𝑌𝑍 . . .
X Z Y
Perpendicular Bisector
9. In 𝑀𝐴𝑋,𝑀𝐴 = 62, 𝑀𝑋 = 57 and 𝐴𝑋 = 34. Which of the following is the biggest

angle?
A.  𝐴
B.  𝑀
C.  𝑋
D. cannot be determined
10. Which of the following statements give a correct relationship about sides and
angles of triangles?
A. The largest angle is opposite the shortest side
B. The smallest angle is opposite the shortest side
C. The largest angle is adjacent to the shortest side
D. The smallest angle is adjacent to the longest side
11. Given that Side 𝑍 is longer than Side 𝑆, and Side 𝑄 is congruent to Side 𝑋, what
additional information would you need to prove that 𝐿 > 𝑀?
A. Side 𝑌 is shorter than Side 𝑅

B. Side 𝑌 is longer than Side 𝑅
C. Side 𝑌 is congruent to Side 𝑅
D.The angles of ∆𝐴 all add to 180°
12. Which of the following characteristics are is/are true for perpendicular lines?
I. Perpendicular lines are coplanar III. Perpendicular lines do not intersect
II. Perpendicular lines are non-coplanar IV. Perpendicular lines form right angles
A. I and III only

B. IV only
C. II and IV only
D. I and IV only
13. Which is a pair of corresponding angles in the given figure?
A. 1 and 2
B. 5 and 8
C. 1 and 5
D. 2 and 8
4
14. Two six-sided dice are rolled, which of the following is
the number of sample space?
A. 12 C. 6
B. 36 D. 66
15. The local weather station reports that the chance of rain in Makati area is 0.88.
Write this probability as a fraction and as a percent.
88 1
A. 100
and 88% C. 50
and 1%
1 88
B. 100
and 1% D. 50
and 88%
16. Randy’s piano book includes 25 songs in the key of C, 20 in the key of G, and 15
in the key of F. The songs from all three keys appear in random order. Over the
past month, Randy has randomly opened his piano book to a song in the key of
C 70 times, the key of G 30 times, and the key of F 20 times. What are the
theoretical and experimental probabilities that the next song Randy randomly
picks will be in the key of G?
1 1
A. Theoretical probability = 4 and experimental probability = 3
1 1
B. Theoretical probability = 2
1 1
C. Theoretical probability = 3
1 1
D. Theoretical probability = and experimental probability =
3 4
17. A pair of congruent triangles are shown at the right, as marked. Which statement
must be true?
A. 𝐷𝐴𝐶  𝐴𝐶𝐵
B. 𝐴𝐷  𝐴𝐶
C. 𝐶𝐷  𝐵𝐶
D. 𝐷𝐶𝐵  𝐷𝐴𝐵
18. Which of the following is the correct order of the side lengths of the triangle from
shortest to longest?
A. 𝐸𝐹, 𝐷𝐹, 𝐷𝐸
B. 𝐷𝐹, 𝐸𝐹, 𝐷𝐸
C. 𝐷𝐸, 𝐷𝐹, 𝐸𝐹
D. 𝐸𝐹, 𝐷𝐸, 𝐷
19. Which of the angles has a greater measure?

B E
A. 𝐵
B. 𝐸 10 10 10
10
C. 𝐹
D. 𝐶 A C D F
10 12
20. Which of the following statements is/are true?
I. All intersecting lines are perpendicular
II. All perpendicular lines intersect at right angles
III. Parallel lines are equidistant
IV. Two lines parallel to a third line are not parallel to each other
A. I and IV only C. II, III and IV only
B. II only D. II and III only
21. In the figure, l ‖ m, and r ‖ s. If 𝑚 1 = 2x + 3y ,

𝑚 3 = x + y , and 𝑚 5 = 2x + y + 300 , find x.
5
A. 200 C. 300
B. 400 D. 500
is the probability that you choose a number greater than 6?
1 2 1 3
A. B. C. D.
10 5 2 5
23. A bag contains 3 white, 4 blue, and 5 red marbles. What is the probability that a
marble selected at random is blue?
1 1 5 7
A. 3
B. 4
C. 12
D. 12
24. A pair of dice is cast 20 times, and on 2 of these occasions, the sum of the
numbers facing up is 5. What is the experimental probability of the outcome 5?
1
A. 1 B. 0.1 C. 100 D. 10
25. Annie planted 85 seeds out of which 17 were lemon seeds. Find the experimental
probability of not choosing a lemon seed.
1 1 1 4
A. 85 B. 9 C. 5 D. 5
26. A die is rolled 50 times. The results of the experiment

are shown in the table below. What is the
experimental probability of rolling a 3?
1 4
A. 4
C. 7
1 1
B. D.
5 9
27. What is the probability that the spinner will not stop on
red?
5 7
A. 6 C. 8
1 1
B. 2
D. 6
1 1 1 1
A. 12 B. 18 C. 36 D. 9

1 1 4 3
A. 52 B. 13 C. 13 D. 13
30. What is the theoretical probability that an even number will be rolled on a number
cube?
1 2 1 5
A. 3 B. 3 C. 2 D. 6
31. SAM  REN,𝑚𝑆 = 310 , 𝑚𝐴 = 1120 , 𝑚𝐸 = (16𝑥)0 , 𝑆𝑀 = 41, 𝑀𝐴 = 23 &
𝑅𝑁 = 3𝑥 + 5𝑦, find the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦.
A. 3 C. 10
B. 5 D. 11
32. Two sides of a triangle have side lengths of 17 meters and 12 meters. What is the
range of possible lengths for the third side?
6
A. 12 < 𝑥 < 17 C. 5 < 𝑥 < 17
B. 12 < 𝑥 < 29 D. 5 < 𝑥 < 29
33. In ∆𝐷𝑂𝐺, point 𝐶 lies on the side of the triangle between points 𝐷 and 𝑂. 𝐷𝐺 = 6,
𝐺𝑂 = 12, and 𝐷𝐶 = 2. Which choice is a possible value for 𝐶𝑂?
A. 4
B. 11
C. 16
D. 17
34. What are the possible values of 𝑥 in the figure?
H 𝑥 + 3 U
A. x >1
B. x <1 38˚
C. x ≥2 10 10
D. x ≤2 30˚
C A
3𝑥 + 1
35. The following diagram shows parallel lines cut by a transversal. What is the
measure of 3?
A. 20
B. 30
C. 50
D. 60
36. Which of the following reasons should be used to prove the given statement?
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 4 ≅ 6
Prove: l ∥ 𝑚
Statements Reasons
1.) 4 ≅ 6 1.) Given
2.) 2 ≅ 4 2.) Vertical Angles Theorem
3.) 2 ≅ 6 3.)
4.) 𝑙 ∥ 𝑚 4.) If two lines are cut by a transversal
and a pair of corresponding angles are 
, then the lines are parallel.
A. Alternate exterior angles are  C. Corresponding angles are 
B. Transitive Property D. Exterior angles are 
7
37. What is the sample space for choosing a prime number less than 15?
A. {2,3,5,7,11,13,15}
B.{2,3,5,7,11,13}
C.{2,3,5,7,9,11,13}
D.{1,2,3,5,7,11,13}
38. A letter is chosen at random from the 26 letters in the alphabet. What is the
probability of choosing a consonant?
21 5
A. 26
C. 21
26 5
B. D.
5 26
39. A glass jar contains 1 red marble, 3 green marbles, 2 blue and 4 yellow marbles.
Find the theoretical probability of getting a blue marble.
1 1
A. 10
C. 5
3 2
B. 10
D. 5
40. If 𝑥 is chosen at random from the set {1,2,3,4} and 𝑦 is to be chosen at random
from {5,6,7}. What is the probability that 𝑥 + 𝑦 will be even?
5 1
A. 6
C. 2
1 2
B. 6
D. 3
41. From the integers 2, 3, 5, and 6, give the number of event such that the sum of
two elements is an odd integer.
A. 𝑛(𝐸) = 2
B. 𝑛(𝐸) = 4
C. 𝑛(𝐸) = 6
D. 𝑛(𝐸) = 8
42. Xander spins the wheel assuming that the arrow will never fall on the lines
separating the sectors. Determine the number of elements in the event of getting
a primary color.
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 8
pink
43. If 𝑙  𝑚, which of the following statements is/are true?

I. 2  3
II. 1  3
III. 𝑏  𝑑 are supplementary
IV. 1  𝑑 are supplementary
A. I only
B. II and IV only
C. I, II and IV only
D. I, II, III and IV
8
44. Let PQR  STU. If 𝑃𝑄 = 3𝑧, 𝑄𝑅 = 4 + 2𝑦, 𝑃𝑅 = 4𝑥 + 1, 𝑆𝑇 = 7 + 2𝑧, 𝑇𝑈 = 𝑦 +
5, and 𝑆𝑈 = 5 + 3𝑥, find the value of 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧.
A. 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 7 C. 𝑥 = 7, 𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1
B. 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 4 D. 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1
45. Given the figure at the right, what are the values of x and y given that 𝐴𝐵  CE ?
A. 𝑥 = 106° 𝑦 = 74°
B. 𝑥 = 47° 𝑦 = 74°
C. 𝑥 = 21° 𝑦 = 74°
D. 𝑥 = 59° 𝑦 = 74°
̅̅̅̅, 𝑚𝐴𝐵𝐶 = (6𝒙 + 20)°, 𝑚𝐴𝐶𝑃 = 15°, and 𝑚𝐵𝐶𝑃 = (3𝒙 + 10)°, find
𝐴𝐶 ⊥ 𝐴𝐵
46. If ̅̅̅̅
𝑚𝐵𝐶𝑃.
𝐵
A. 25 C. 90
B. 45 D. 60 (6𝑥
𝑃
15° 𝐶
𝐴
47. Chopper 1 leaves the base heading east for 38 miles and then turns E 60°𝑁 for
25 miles. Chopper 2 leaves the base heading west for 38 miles and then turns
W 110° 𝑆 for 25 miles. At this point, which chopper is nearer the base?
A. Chopper 1
B. Chopper 2
C. The choppers are the same
distance from the base
D. It cannot be determined
48. Complete the following proof by putting the justifications in the correct order.
Given: 𝐿 is the midpoint of 𝐽𝑀, 𝐽𝐾  𝑁𝑀

Prove: 𝐽𝐾𝐿  𝑀𝑁𝐿
9
Statements Reasons
1. 𝐿 is the midpoint of 𝐽𝑀 Given
2. ̅  ̅̅̅̅
𝐽𝐿 𝑀𝐿
3. 𝐽𝐾  ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅ 𝑁𝑀
4. 𝐾𝐽𝐿  𝑁𝑀𝐿
5. 𝐽𝐿𝐾  𝑀𝐿𝑁
6. 𝐽𝐾𝐿  𝑀𝑁𝐿
I. Definition of Midpoint
II. Vertical angles are congruent
III. ASA Postulate
IV. Given
V. Alternate interior angles are congruent.
A. I, V, IV, II, III C. I, II, IV, V, III

B. IV, I, V, II, III D. I, IV, V, II, III
49. In the figure at the right, determine the values of a and b that will prove that
the two lines are parallel and cut by transversals.
A. 𝑎 = 20 𝑏 = 13
B. 𝑎 = 20 𝑏 = 49.7
C. 𝑎 = 13 𝑏 = 20
D. 𝑎 = 49.7 𝑏 = 20
50. The following table shows the distribution of the blood of 200 people. If a person
from this group is to be selected at random, what is the probability that this
person has 𝐵 blood type?
Blood Type 𝐴 𝐵 𝑂 𝐴𝐵
Frequency 45 65 75 15
9 13
A. 40
C. 40
3 3
B. 8
D. 40
10

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8

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Editor: Lara Charrise R. Calumbano

Reviewer: Michael R. Lee

Layout: Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

1. What do you call a set of all possible outcomes of an experiment?

2. ____________ is a set of one or more outcomes satisfying some given conditions.

3. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

1 Basic Concepts of Probability

Many things in life are uncertain.

Will our team

These questions can be answered with

Probability is the branch of Mathematics concerned with analyzing the

Let’s try to answer the following question using the illustration.

Choies Brownish Red Off Shoulder Corset Detail

On the right are the

To find the probability of an event, it is necessary for us to determine the number

Flipping two coins HH, HT, TH, TT

The possible two-digit numbers are:

(M, E, S) (E, M, S) (M, S, E)

(S, M, E) (E, S, M) (S, E, M)

D. Fundamental Counting Principle

Three choices for drink p= 3

Two choices for sandwich q=2

Therefore, pq = 3 (2) = 6 snacks

7 choices to enter and 6 choices to exit

Therefore, (7)(6) = 42 ways

____________________1. The sun rises in the west.

____________________2. Four dots came out after rolling a die.

____________________3. Mrs. Beltran is expecting a baby. It is a baby boy.

____________________4. The clouds are dark. It will rain.

____________________5. A dolphin will swim in water.

Activity 2: Determine the number of occurrences of an outcome in an experiment using

C. Fundamental Counting Principle

What I Have Learned

Probability is the branch of Mathematics concerned with analyzing

Outcome is the result of a single trial of an experiment.

Event is a set of outcomes (a subset of the sample space).

Sample space is the set of all possible outcomes or sample points.

1. Which of the following is not an example of probability experiment?

2. Identify the event in the given problem below.

a. {(spaghetti, carbonara), (spaghetti, lasagna), (lasagna, carbonara)}

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Editor: Lara Charrise R. Calumbano

Reviewer: Michael R. Lee

Layout: Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

4. What is the probability of getting a king card in a deck of 52 cards?

S = sample space n(S) = number of possible outcomes

3. Drawing a card at random from a deck of 8 identical cards containing letters A to H

This is an application about real-life situations wherein knowledge about

Probability is the branch of Mathematics that deals with uncertainty. It is a measure

The probability of an event is denoted as P(E). It is a number from 0 to 1 and maybe

𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝒏(𝐄)

Impossible Unlikely Even Chance Likely Certain

There is only one 4 in the sample space, then 𝑛(𝐸) = 1.