Neuro Quantology | Jul 2022 | Volume 20 | Issue 7 | Page 1966-1973 | doi: 10.14704/nq.2022.20.7.

NQ33247
Richa Yadav/Design of the smart and intelligent Automated Jacket for the coal mines workers

Design of the smart and intelligent Automated Jacket for

the coal mines workers
1966
Richa Yadav2, Divyanshi Mishra2, Astha Singh2, Tanishka2, Meenakshi Singh2, Hari Mohan Rai1*
Department of ECE, Dronacharya Group of Institution, Greater Noida, UP, India.Department of CSE,
Dronacharya Group of Institution ,Greater Noida, UP, India
richa.16140@gnindia.dronacharya.info, harimohan.rai@gninidia.dronacharya.info*

Abstract- The workers in the coal mines are confronted with a wide variety of challenges on a daily
basis. Pneumoconiosis is a condition that may be contracted by miners as a consequence of breathing in
respirable coal dust, which can develop as a result of overexposure to dust in the workplace. The most
significant challenge that miners face is ventilation (black lung disease). Therefore, the purpose of this
work is to develop an automated smart jacket for the workers in mines that is capable of resolving
issues that arise during the course of working hours, of monitoring the wearer's real-time health
parameters, and of alerting the wearer to any potentially dangerous situations.The designed jacket
includes a sensor sewn into it so that it can safely convey data to the manager or control section
regarding dangerous situations and the physical state of the employees. This helps to improve the
overall safety of the situation. The Internet of Things and artificial intelligence model are used by the
smart jacket to provide predictions about potential health problems, in addition to its monitoring
capabilities. The data from the sensors were captured and sent to the cloud storage. This data included
things like the oxygen level, the temperature level, the dangerous gas level (such as CO2 and CO), the
heart rate, and the blood pressure. The AI model will learn from the data that has been saved, and in
the near future it will be able tomake an approximation of the worker's current health state.
. Keyword- Internet of Things, Security system, Smart Jacket, Smart Sensors,
Number: 10.14704/nq.2022.20.7.NQ33247 Neuro Quantology 2022; 20(7):1966-1973
1. Introduction Safety (DGMS), Coal Mines Regulation, and the
Indian bureau of mines report [1–6], there has
The mining industry, and particularly the coal
been an increase in the number of deadly
mining industry, is one of the most hazardous
incidents that have occurred in India. According
places to work. There are millions of people
to the research that was published by "Coal Kills"
toiling away underground in a variety of mines,
” [7, 8] there are around 80 to 115 thousand coal
each of which is one of the most dangerous
miners in India who pass away at an earlier age
places to find gainful employment. The primary
than they should have. In a similar vein,
aim is to observe, investigate, forecast, and
according to the data that was published by
identify any potential threats to the health and
EndCoal [8, 9], roughly 23,300 coal employees
safety of those working in the mines. The
pass away every year as a result of the health
slightest carelessness on the part of the miners or
repercussions. According to a report published
the state of the mines might endanger the lives of
in the Times of India, coal is responsible for the
several personnel. There are several recent
deaths of more than one lakh persons in India
situations that may be shown in which the
[10, 11].
control and monitoring teams' incompetence
resulted in the loss of life for multiple personnel. As a result, it is obligatory to provide mine
These examples are accessible. When compared employees a management structure that
to the United States and Australia, the number of prioritizes safety concerns and health
fatal accidents that occur in coal mines is far improvements. This is something that can be
higher. accomplished with the assistance of high-tech
jackets that workers can wear. These jackets will
According to the Directorate General of Mines
be able to monitor the workers' health in real
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Richa Yadav/Design of the smart and intelligent Automated Jacket for the coal mines workers
time while simultaneously measuring the oxygen
level, temperature, humidity, carbon monoxide
level, and carbon dioxide level in the mines
below them. This wearable jacket will include
Internet of Things technology as well as
electronic sensors for the purpose of monitoring
and analyzing the wearer's health in real time.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network
of interconnected electronic devices (things) that
exchange data with one another over the
internet[12]. The Internet of Things may be used
in a variety of contexts, including smart cities,
smart buildings, smart transportation, smart
energy, smart industrial, smart health care, etc.
In addition, this Internet of Things technology
makes use of actuators and sensors to collect
data and transmit it via
the internet [13]. Not only do we use the cloud to
store data, but also to analyze, gather, and
visualize that data. a muddled deed resulting
from unanticipated circumstances and the
carelessness of a few persons. This kind of thing
takes place in coal mines on an extremely
regular basis all across the globe. One might
think of occupational health as a subfield of
public health that investigates the effects of
working on an individual's wellbeing. As a result
of using the idea of occupational health to
represent just a partial understanding of health,
an approach to public health leads to the
characterization of the workplace and work life
as being outside of the purview of public health.
The reasons for this are that people are not seen
to be workers anymore, but rather as consumers,
and that job opportunities are being redirected
away from the healthcare industry. This results
in occupational health being treated as a distinct
entity from public health when it comes to the
organization of healthcare services [8]. The
manufacturing activities phase is the key
location where issues about the health and safety
of workers emerge. Excavation, ground support,
and haulage are three of the most important
production operations, along with electrical
maintenance, the building and maintenance of
pressurized room networks, communication and
signalization systems, and the maintenance and
repair of various pieces of machinery and
equipment. Underground coal mining accidents,
such as cave-ins, fires, explosions caused by
firedamp and coal dust, transportation, and
automation, are especially frequent. As a direct
consequence of this, individuals In this research,
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we present a multifunctional intelligent and
smart Jacket that will provide comprehensive
health care for mine employees, as well as future
health prediction, future risk prediction,
monitoring, control, and analysis of workers in
coal mines.
1967
2. Literature Review
There has been a lot of work done in the past by
a variety of researchers in order to monitor,
analyze, and improve the working environment
of those who are employed in mines. Lee and
Baek [12] proposed an intelligent and smart
multi-functional jacket for use in outdoor labor
that incorporates a variety of sensors in the form
of wearable technology. The Internet of Things
(IoT) technology was utilized in their proposed
method, which enabled the execution of six
different types of multifunctional operations.
These included Bluetooth calling, heart rate
monitoring, fall detection, temperature sensor,
emergency call, auto call in case of free fall
detection, and self-care monitoring sensors. All
of these functions were performed
simultaneously. All of the functionality has been
included into and synchronized with the mobile
application, and it was developed with the
outside environment in mind specifically. Prabhu
et al. [13] Zhang et al. proposed an intelligent
and smart wearable gadget for coal mine
workers that included a number of facilities for
monitoring workers' health. This wearable
device not only alerts the user to the presence of
toxic gases but also pinpoints their location in
the event that something goes wrong. In
addition, this wearable device is able to monitor
the presence of methane gas and carbon
monoxide gas based on sensors that have been
embedded in it specifically for that purpose. The
authors have made use of the internet of things
in order to save the data in the cloud and, in the
event of an emergency, to make immediate
contact with the hospitals that are located
closest to them.
R. Sasi Kala et al. [14] presented a safety system
for mine workers that operates wirelessly and is
based on wireless sensor networks (WSN). This
system would be intended for use in
underground. The authors of this study made use
of microcontrollers in order to gather data
deliver information to mine employees based on
that data, and alert mine workers to potential
dangers in the event of an emergency using
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Richa Yadav/Design of the smart and intelligent Automated Jacket for the coal mines workers

buzzers. A ZigBee module was used for short- being suggested. It includes 86 programmable
distance communication, as well as for the input/output pins that may be used for common
transmission of data between mine workers and purposes. In addition to that, it has two
the ground control center. This allows for timers/counters with 8 bits of resolution, four
continuous monitoring, as well as the ability to timers/counters with 16 bits of resolution, a 16-
take appropriate actions for the mine workers' channel 10-bit ADC, four Universal Synchronous
assistance in the event of a disaster. Guleria et Asynchronous Receiver Transmitters (USART), 1968
al.[15] This article presents the concept of a and a serial interface for the Serial Peripheral
smart jacket that may be worn by coal miners. Interface (SPI) [19]. In addition to a reset button,
The jacket would detect numerous bodily it is equipped with a power connector, a USB
factors, including as the wearer's heart rate and connection, and a crystal oscillator that operates
the presence of hydrogen gas, and then at a frequency of 16 MHz. It is equipped with
communicate all of this information to a wifi everything required to support the
shield. And another person oversees all of the microcontroller, and all that is required to get
operations of the mine and the people that work started is to plug it into a computer using a USB
there. The personnel within the mine have the connection, or provide power to it using an AC-
ability to exit the building if there is a critical to-DC converter or battery. Because the
situation. Not only does the jacket transmit the ATmega2560 is capable of doing both difficult
current location, but it also provides information tasks and multifunction operations, it is the
on the number of workers there and the state of most appropriate controller for the job that we
the facility. Zhai et al. [16] The design notion of a have suggested. The complete Pinout
protective fabric that would assist the rescue configuration information for the ATmega2560
crew in the event of an earthquake or other can be found in Table 1, and Figure 1 provides a
manmade catastrophe was presented and pictorial representation of the ATmega2560
explored Zhai et al. microcontroller.
[16]. The principles of protection, comfort,
usefulness, and affinity underpin not just the Table 1: ATmega2560 Pinout Configuration
construction of clothes but also the design of the
Pin Pin Name Description
garments themselves. Number
Angelucci et al. [17] The authors of this research 10, 31, 61, VCC IC Supply pins
made use of textile technology and, more 80
specifically, sensorized clothing in order to 11, 32, 62, GND IC ground reference pins
monitor physiological characteristics relevant to 81, 99
a variety of contexts, including but not limited to 98 AREF Reference supply for ADC
healthcare, physical fitness, and the workplace. 100 AVCC Supply pin for analog peripherals
K. et al.[18] In this paper, a design for a smart 33, 34 XTAL Crystal oscillator pins
jacket was presented that includes health
30 ̅𝑅̅𝐸
𝑆𝑇 Reset pin, active low
monitoring sensors that can be used by a lab
view software tool for patients both at home and 02-Sep PE0 – PE7 GPIO Port E pins
in hospitals. Microtechnologies, such as 12 – 18, 27PH0 – PH6, PH7 GPIO Port H pins
telephony and flexible sensors, are used in this 19 - 26 PB0 – PB7 GPIO Port B pins
endeavor. As was mentioned earlier, sensors,
28 – 29, 51PG3 – PG4, PG0 GPIO Port G pins
specifically those used for health monitoring, are – 52, 70 – PG1, PG2
able to function with the assistance of a tool
35 - 42 PL0 – PL7 GPIO Port L pins
called Arduino or Raspberry pi, which is
programmed appropriately. 43 - 50 PD0 – PD7 GPIO Port D pins
53 - 60 PC0 – PC7 GPIO Port C pins
3. Materials and Methods
63 – 69, 79PJ0 – PJ6, PJ7 GPIO Port J pins
3.1. ATmega2560 Microcontroller
71 - 78 PA7 – PA0 GPIO Port A pins
The ATmega2560, a low-power 100 pin, 8 bit 82 - 89 PK7 – PK0 GPIO Port K pins
microcontroller that is capable of conducting a
90 - 97 PF7 – PF0 GPIO Port F pins
variety of multitasking operations concurrently,
is the primary component of the work that is
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Richa Yadav/Design of the smart and intelligent Automated Jacket for the coal mines workers
3.2. Gas Sensors
The smart jacket must contain a variety of gas
sensors since it will monitor and analyze all sorts
of gases. Electronic devices that detect and
identify different gases are known as gas sensors
or smoke detectors. They are
often used to detect and monitor hazardous or
explosive gases. Gas sensors and their
applications in industry are used to monitor
dangerous gas concentrations. It is used to
identify emergency circumstances in the house.
This instrument measures the concentration of
gases emitted by oil rigs. It is used in hotels to
prevent guests from smoking. It's utilized in
workplaces to assess the air quality. This sensor
is used to monitor CO2 levels in air conditioners.
It is used to determine whether or not there is a
fire. It's used to assess gas concentrations in
mines. A breath analyser is a machine that
measures the amount of air in your lungs.
3.2.1. MQ 138- It is going to be used in the lapel
section of the smart jacket. The MQ138 gas
sensor has the capacity to detect hydrogen as
well as other organic vapours in addition to its
high sensitivity to toluene, acetone alcohol, and
methanol. It also has a high level of sensitivity to
toluene. It is a low-cost sensor that may be used
for a number of applications and can detect a
wide range of organic gases when housed in this
jacket, the picture of MQ138 gas sensor is shown
in figure 1.
Fig.1: The pictorial view of ATmega2560 (Left)
and MQ138 Gas sensor module (Right).
3.2.2. MQ136-The (stannic oxide) SnO2 used in
the MQ136 gas sensor is a sensitive material
that, when exposed to clean air, exhibits
decreased conductivity. The conductivity of the
sensor goes up in direct proportion to the
amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas that is
present. Underneath the coal mines, this sensor,
known as MQ136, was used to monitor or detect
the hydrogen sulfide fumes.
3.2.3. MQ9-The MQ9 gas sensor is used inside
of this jacket for the purpose of determining the
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presence of carbon monoxide, methane, and LPG
gases. The sensor can detect a wide range of
gases, including carbon monoxide (CO) and
combustible gases; moreover, it is not costly and
may be used in a number of different contexts.
The sensitivity of the sensors may be adjusted
using the potentiometer if necessary. 1969
3.2.4. MQ2- In addition, MQ2 is used in the
smart jacket in some capacity as well. The MQ2
gas sensor Module has the capability to detect a
variety of gases in the atmosphere, including
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), smoke, alcohol,
hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide.
3.3. Temperature and Humidity Sensors
The temperature and humidity of the
surrounding air are both measured by the LM 35
sensor that is located on the front of the jacket.
The LM35 is an indicator for precession.
Integrated circuit with a temperature sensor that
produces a voltage output that fluctuates in
response to the temperature of its surroundings.
This tiny and pricey integrated circuit has the
ability to sense temperatures ranging from -55
degrees Celsius to 150 degrees Celsius. Figure 2
shows the image and Pinout of the LM35
temperature sensor (on the left) and the HC-
SR04 ultrasonic sensor (Right).
Fig.2: LM35 Temperature sensor (Left) and HC-
SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Module
3.4. Ultrasonic Sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is a kind of sensor that
measures the distance between two objects by
using ultrasonic sound waves to do the
measuring. An ultrasonic sensor makes use of a
transducer in order to send and receive
ultrasonic pulses in order to transmit and
receive information on the distance between
itself and an item. Echoes are created when high-
frequency sound waves reflect off of limits and
are received by the listener. The transmission of
a sound wave at a frequency that is inaudible to
the human ear is necessary for the operation of
ultrasonic sensors. The transducer of the sensor
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Richa Yadav/Design of the smart and intelligent Automated Jacket for the coal mines workers
performs the role of a microphone, allowing it to
both receive and send ultrasonic sound. Similar
to many other types of sensors, ultrasonic
sensors just need a single transducer in order to
emit and receive a pulse. The amount of time
that elapses between the transmission of an
ultrasonic pulse and its reception by the sensor
is what is used to determine the distance to a
target.
3.5. WIFI Module
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a self-contained
SOC with inbuilt TCP/TP protocol stock that
allows any microcontroller to connect to your
Wi-Fi network. It may be used as a slave or as a
standalone program. When linked as a slave to a
microcontroller host, the ESP8266 WI-FI may be
used as a Wi-Fi adopter for any microcontroller.
It comes with AT commands software to enable
Arduino WIFI capabilities, as well as the ability
to load other software to create one's own
program on the memory and processor of the
module. A wi-fi module is located on the back of
the jacket. To receive the information that was
supplied to you. The pin outs on the Wi-Fi
module are divided into two rows, totaling eight.
With the integrated side facing you, pins should
be closer to your end.
Fig.3: The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module (Left) and GPS
CHIP (right).
3.6. A-GPS CHIP
Micro GPS chips offer a wide range of uses in
addition to asset security. Two instances
include tracking a mobile device or tracing an
individual's every move. These devices are small
and compact, with some measuring less than
the size of a rice grain, yet they can detect even
the most intermittent or low signals. A small
GPS chip functions similarly to a standard GPS
device. It gathers GPS signals from satellites and,
owing to wireless connection, can communicate
the data to a control device such as your PC or
smartphone. A GPS tracking application is
usually deployed to monitor the microchip's
whereabouts. To monitor workers' physical
presence and protect them from dangerous
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circumstances, we place an aided GPS chip (A-
GPS) on the front of the jacket. A-GPS (aided
global positioning system) is a technique that
enables GPS receivers to use data from available
bandwidth to help locate satellites. Figure 3
depicts the ESP8266 Wifi-Module (left) and the
GPS Chip(right). 1970
3.7. IR SENSOR
An infrared sensor is a light-emitting electrical
gadget that detects things in the surroundings.
An infrared sensor can both detect motion and
measure the temperature of an object. Almost
everything emits some kind of infrared heat
radiation. These types of radiations are
undetectable to the naked eye, but an infrared
sensor can detect them. There are two kinds of
infrared sensors: active and passive. Active
infrared sensors produce and detect infrared
radiation. A light emitting diode (LED) and a
receiver are the two parts of an active infrared
sensor. When an item approaches the sensor, the
infrared light from the LED bounces off of it and
is recognized by the receiver. Active infrared
sensors are often employed in obstacle detection
systems as proximity sensors (such as in robots).
3.8. NFC CHIP
A Near-Field Communication chip (also known
as an NFC chipset) is a silicon component or
integrated circuit (IC) that may be utilized in a
range of applications. NFC chips placed in each
system component allow wireless
communication. It consists of two components:
an NFC reader chip and an NFC tag. Because it
"reads" the information before triggering a
particular reaction, the NFC reader chip is the
system's active component. It powers the system
and sends NFC orders to the NFC tag, which is
the system's positive component. NFC
technology is commonly employed in public
transportation, where consumers may pay with
their cellphones that have NFC capabilities. This
jacket's NFC chip is coupled with an antenna. The
antenna produces an electromagnet that allows
the chip to connect with an NFC reader, such as a
smartphone. NFC chips may utilize this field to
wirelessly send data.
3.9. Buzzer Alarm and LCD Display
In the event that a gas leak is found, the buzzer in
an is used as an alarm to notify others of the
situation. It will make a noise to warn others that
there is the possibility of something dangerous
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Richa Yadav/Design of the smart and intelligent Automated Jacket for the coal mines workers
happening. The liquid crystal display is utilized
to not only identify the location of the mobile
robot, but also to tell where the gas leak is
located. Utilizing LCD is yet another method that
may be used to educate people in the
surrounding area about the leaking and damaged
area in the building.
3.10. Smart wearable health monitoring device
Along with measuring all sorts of gases,
temperature, humidity, and obstacles, it is also
necessary to monitor and analyze real-time
worker health data. Furthermore, if we integrate
more sensors and electronics, the smart jacket
would grow cumbersome and will no longer
fulfill its primary function. As a result, in addition
to the smart jacket, we will include a smart
health monitoring device that will measure and
monitor the many sorts of health activities of
each individual worker. The smart health
monitoring device will be similar to a smart
watch that can be worn on the wrist, and its data
will be combined with the smart jacket so that, in
addition to harmful gases, all health metrics may
be monitored. The following apps will be
available for this smart health monitoring
device: Glucometer, Pulse Oximeter, ECG +
Stethoscope, Activity Trackers and Continuous
Monitoring, Thermometer, and Scale.
4. Proposed Method
The following illustration provides a block
schematic of the suggested smart and intelligent
jacket for the purpose of monitoring the health
of employees in coal mines. The ATmega2560
serves as the suggested model's central
processing unit (CPU), which is used to both
operate and incorporate various sensors and
other modules. In this work, we also included an
LCD display that is built in, and it displays not
only the data from the various kinds of gas
sensors, but also the data from the integrated
smart health monitoring device, if necessary. It
is clear from the block diagram that the
intelligent jacket will be equipped with
practically every conceivable feature to ensure
the employees in underground mines enjoy a
safe, secure, and healthy working environment.
Figure 4 shows a comprehensive block schematic
of a smart and intelligent coal miner's jacket
(left), as well as the jacket's proposed design
structure (right).
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Fig.4: Proposed block diagram (Left) and
proposed design of the smart jacket (Right) 1971
4.1. Working Principle
By using a variety of sensors, we have taken a
sheet jacket and made it entirely autonomous so
that it can assist in the identification of
dangerous conditions as well as the detection of
the health conditions of mine employees. To
begin, we make use of sensor MQ2 to determine
the presence of methane and smoke. And MQ9
for the analysis of carbon monoxide as well as
other combustible gases. MQ136 is an
instrument for detecting gases containing
hydrogen sulfide. MQ138 hydrogen benzene
formaldehyde gases. And the sensor LM35,
which is located on the reverse of the jacket, may
be used to determine the temperature and
humidity of the surrounding environment. On
the arm of the jacket we can attach an IR
temperature sensor to measure the body's
temperature, a SPO2 sensor to measure the
blood oxygen level, and a reflection type pulse
sensor to measure the heart rate and pulse rate.
All of these sensors may help us identify
potential health problems. A-GPS CHIP for
monitoring the employees' actual whereabouts
within the mine. It's possible that we'll send the
data to the cloud server using a wireless module
called ESP8266. When sending data to electronic
gadgets, we make use of NFC CHIP technology.
On the chest, we have a 16-by-2 LCD display for
information. At the fundamental level, the buzzer
alarm is what we use for the alert. We are able to
identify obstructions with the use of ultrasonic
sensors. We are making use of an ATmega2560
microcontroller and Flexible PCB in order to link
everything. In order to operate the
microcontroller, the software Arduino IDE is
used, followed by Python programming. All of
the data collected by the sensors will be sent to
the cloud, where it will be watched and alerted in
the event of any suspicious activity by either
utilizing a Buzzer or sending a message.
Following the amassing of an adequate quantity
of information for each specific worker, we will
use machine learning techniques in order to
make an accurate forecast of impending health
problems experienced by the employees.
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5. Conclusion http://www.dgms.net/Coal Mines

Regulation 2017.pdf. Accessed15 May 2022
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Times of India.
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https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/
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