TECHNICAL BULLETIN

Number 2 April 2002

ABRASIVE SELECTION FOR EFFICIENT CLEANING

Abrasive selection is one of the most decisive factors which before the selection of abrasive, generally to identify the intended use of steel abrasives.
Finally,also surface rougheling is applied for increasing the cladding penetration(adhesion) before the surfaces that will be cladded like before enamel coating,cuvvette surfaces are to roughened.

Intended Use of Steel Abrasives

_ Blast Cleaning _ Shot Peening _ Cutting _ Etching The above-mentioned surface cleaning and stress relief operations is almost completely round steel ball is used. In spite of that, in cutting and etching operations usually a round ball-angular grit (75:25) rates are used in the mixtures.

Abrasive Selection Criteria

Abrasive Form Abrasive Size Abrasive Hardness

1-True Selection of Form

Surface cleaning means removing impurities such as burr, sand, oxide, grinding marks, etc.. through the nodular cast iron, aluminum, steel casting, stainless steel and all cast parts surfaces. By the way goods cleaning of all metal and steel constructions includes oxide and scale which on unprefered surface cleaning. Detensioning is one of the implementation part which is related with the resistance to fatigue of serrated and string pieces of strength enhancement that is used of round ball and rounded wire cutting balls.

Round abrasives cleaning systems,as in the shown in this abrasive figure,in the form of downsizing of exuviating progressivelly.As a result of this obtained surfaces are softer and smoother.

Cutting is the other implementation which is cutting with special and high hard includes mixtures of ball-grit of big granite blocks.

On the other hand, abrasive of angular grit due to the angular form, is going on fast breaking as a smaller angular forms. In sandblasting with grit, surface profile will be sharp corner and rough also sand consuming shall be increasing.

2-True Selection Of Size

To obtain fine surface quality, big and fine grains shall be existed with have enough amount of mixtures as it seen in the figure.

Sprayed balls leave turbine blades with a certain kinetic energy

Kinetic Energy : E = 1/2 m . V

In this equals ; E ; Ball energy m ; Ball mass v ; Ball velocity m = Vk . r globe mass Vk= 4 /3 .p r3 globe volume r= Density of ball material Vk = Ball volume r = Ball radius

If the mixture consists of huge balls, it makes local cleaning on the surfaces partly but makes marks on the pieces. Against of this if the mixture contribute of ultra fine grains, it is impossible to provide of cleaning. You can find differences in all figures detailed.

E = 2/3 p . r . r . V
Transferred energy of cleaned material, ball radius cube and doubled ball velocity increases proportionally. Ball kinetic energy is spent during cleaning operation. The best, the biggest part of energy shall be consumed that leads to affects of strikes on the cleaning materials. In figure 3, by the operation it is showed that strike energy (E) is to where consumed in real and to which different effects are exposured reciprocally. However, it is mentioned in literature rarely, the interaction between cleaning material and cleaning machine is effective factor, too.

3-True Selection of Hardness

General principle of turbine cleaning systems, cleaning balls must be harder than pieces which will be cleaning.

As it seen above, except of steel ball, other materials such as sand and nail should not be used as cleaning materials. To mention with metallic cleaning materials,physical effects should be considered about cleaning machine.

The company preferences firstly, in conjunction with machine abrasive and cause of maintenance-repair stoppings are minimized by true selection of cleaning material and true machine settings Each of all balls, its mass and velocity has a certain impact kinetic energy proportionally. Balls which possessed energy transferred to metal surface that accelerated by turbine.

Increasing of granule diameter of the 2-fold means, increase in 8-fold increase in energy means. Chosen of the cleaning ball selection, between expanding ball diameter and energy transfer should be awared. As it seen the below S780 and S390 ball diameters, it shown that just one S780 gives nearly 100J energy on material despite half diameter of S390 gives only 12 J energy.

In consumption of the residue on material surface part of the ball impact energy and the remained energy are using of the ball backtab and breaking. Energy transfer can be set with changing of vee-belt transmission pulley on turbine sensitively. Best coordination is to provide with velocity controlled turbine motor. Distribution and deformation of the energy is dealed with basically physical properties such as surface hardness of balls, elasticity, surface cracks and also velocity of balls, strike angle and metallurgical structure.These criteria are considered to choose of the cleaning material.

As a result, to provide qualified surface, true selected balls should be used in true adjusted machine. Consensus of the machine and ball producers, the best suitable ball sizes are given at Table 1 and Table 2 detailed.

Table 1

For effective cleaning, true size selection of ball need the true operation on true machine.

Sandblasting Association Factors

Abrasive Nominal Size Rate of Abrasive Sieve Fraction Hardness Form (Globular- Angular- Cyclindirical) Launching Velocity Flowing Velocity Spray Velocity Time of Sandblasting

Although as it given above of the first 4 items about efficient cleaning factors related with balls chosen the other items completely related with sandblasting and setting machine truly. Namely, to get efficient and effective cleaning quality of ball is not enough as also the other all parameters should be provided all together.

The general rule for removing impurities on material surface and choosing thick ball to meet the requirements of surface quality.