AE-725 : Air Transportation

Civil Aviation Organizations

Prof. Rajkumar S. Pant

Lecture No. 03

11.08.2023
Thanks to

1
Aviation Organizations

Divisions

International

National

2
 Divisions

Aviation Organisations

International
US Fed Agency US State Agency Industry &Trade orgn
Govt Agency
DOT routes, fares,etc
national assosication of state aviation officials
IATA
Others
TSA civil av safety, formed after 9/11 NASAO public intrest
ICAO International Air
transport association
Environmental protection agency International civil
EPA aviation organizations
National transportation Safety Board
NTSB for investigation 7
US Federal Agencies
 DOT

Founded on 1st April 1967

Coordinates 13 Agencies

Secy → Cabinet member

→ PA2POTUS

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https://youtu.be/4bMRS5WR2Uk
 fed avia adminstn

FAA

1 2 3 4 5

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https://youtu.be/9KguBoIHI4I
TSA
Formed in response to 9/11

Focus→ Civil Aviation safety

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 EPA

Setup: December 1970

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https://youtu.be/cH4ewiILthw Department of Aerospace, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
 NTSB
Air Commerce Act 1926

Formed CAB

Sep from FAA CAB couldn’t manage

But, what
Still under
DOT
is the role of NTSB ?
So, CAB
became FAA

1967

NTSB was
created

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https://aerocorner.com/blog/ntsb/
 Do you know ?

When must the NTSB be contacted in case an aircraft is overdue ?

Why is NTSB not a part of FAA or DOT ?

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https://www.cornerstonefbo.com/interesting-fact-about-aviation/question-when-incident-reported-ntsb-aviation.html
US State Agencies
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https://nasao.org/?
International Government Agencies
 What is ICAO ?

13
Department of Aerospace, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
 ICAO

Who ?

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https://youtu.be/Tol9ZAcrXYM https://youtu.be/cpdy_ixO37c
 Location of ICAO

Seven Regional Offices

HQ@ Montreal, Canada
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https://youtu.be/UWhBMO_G10s
 Role of ICAO
● Set-up under Annex 7 of the Chicago Convention of 1944

● Standardization and Safe & Orderly growth of global Air Transport

● Aircraft Emission Standards

○ HC, CO, Nox for engines and S&PM for LAQ near airports

● Aircraft Noise Regulations

● CORSIA Agreement 2016: Global Aviation Emissions ↓ 50% in 2050, w.r.t. 2005

● Investigation of Air Disasters

● Drone Regulations & Registrations

 Standardization by ICAO
● Air Navigation
○ National AIPs, updated monthly

● Aeronautical Message Handling System (AMHS)

● Aerodrome Reference Codes
○ No. 1 to 4, → Field Length : Letter A to H → Wingspan and Outer MLG span

● System of Units: Vcruise in kmph, V@land in m/s, Distance in km, Elevation in m

● Airport (4 letter) & Airline (3 letter) Codes, e.g., VABB & AIC
● Aircraft Registrations and Type Designators, e.g., VT-DDN & B-741
● Machine Readable & Biometric Passports
● Drone Regulations & Registrations
Industry & Trade Organizations
International Air Transport Association
 Why IATA ?
IATA

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Department of Aerospace, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
https://youtu.be/FcAYI2y93rs
 Role of IATA

+ +

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https://www.iata.org/en/youandiata/travelers/iata-role/ Department of Aerospace, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
 Focus Areas of IATA
● Operational Safety Audit of Airlines (2003)
○ IOSA: Audit of Airline’s Operational Management and Control Systems

● Simplifying Air Transport Business (2004)

○ Electronic Tickets and Bar Coded Boarding passes, self-service baggage, airport & airline codes

● Environmental Impact Reduction

○ Average improvement in fuel efficiency of 1.5% per annum from 2009 through 2020

○ Cap on Aviation net carbon emissions from 2020 (carbon-neutral growth)

○ 50% reduction in net aviation carbon emissions by 2050 relative to 2005 levels

● Services & Publications

 Other Industry Organizations

AIA AOPA ALPA ACI ATA

Aircraft Air Airports Air

Aerospace Lines Council
Owners & Transportation
Industries Pilots International
Pilots Association
Association Association
Association
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Department of Aerospace, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
 Industry and Trade organizations

1 2 3 4

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Indian Aerospace Organizations
 DGCA

Safety Functions

Regulation of Air Transp.

Promotion of Civil Aviation

Directorate General of Civil Aviation

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https://youtu.be/ukSE1OS-BMM
 AAI

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https://aai.aero/ Department of Aerospace, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
 Some other Indian organizations
BCAS

1 Lays down Aviation

security standards
AERA
Airports
Economic 2

Regulation
Authority
AAIB
3 Investigates
accidents

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https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/en/aboutus/orgsetup
 IWPA

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https://www.iwpa.co.in/
Freedoms of Air
WHO, HOW AND
WHERE ?

34
 Thanks to

Saumya Sarawagi,
NIT Durgapur

Currently in
ISAE-Supaero, France (2022)

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 Nine Freedoms of the Air

● Transit Rights ● Beyond Rights

○ First Freedom ○ Fifth Freedom
○ Second Freedom ○ Sixth Freedom
● Traffic Rights
● Cabotage
○ Third Freedom
○ Seventh Freedom (Standalone)
○ Fourth Freedom
○ Eight Freedom (Consecutive)
○ Ninth Freedom (Standalone)
First Freedom

● The right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services,

granted by one State to another State or States to fly across its territory
without landing

A B C

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 Airspace of India Is the entire Indian
airspace available for
commercial flights?
● 3rd largest aviation market
● Airspace spans over 6 million km
NO FLY ZONES

TAJ MAHAL

PARLIAMENT BUILDING

DEFENCE & IAF BASES

TOWER OF SILENCE

THE RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN

Source: Everything Aviation- Prohibited Areas, Air Regulation, Indian
Airspace

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 Can a country ban flights from a country?
Following the Balakot Airstrikes,
PAK closed its airspace for India in
Feb 2019

Costed Indian Airlines more than

500 crores

PAK airspace reopened in July 2019 WHY ?

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 Recent News - ICAO

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https://www.ptcnews.tv/president-ram-nath-kovind-denied-entry-into-pakistan-
airspace-says-minister/ Department of Aerospace, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Second Freedom of Air

● The right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services,

granted by one State to another State or States to land in its territory for
non-traffic purposes
Halt for maintainance

A B
Maint./ Tech. Reasons
C

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Third Freedom of Air

● The right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services,

granted by one State to another State to put down, in the territory of the
first State, traffic coming from the home State of the carrier

A B

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Fourth Freedom of Air

● The right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services,

granted by one State to another State to take on, in the territory of the
first State, traffic destined for the home State of the carrier

A B

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Fifth Freedom of Air

● The right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services,

granted by one State to another State to put down and to take on, in the
territory of the first State, traffic coming from or destined to a third
State

A B C

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Sixth Freedom of Air

● The right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services,

of transporting, via the home State of the carrier, traffic moving
between two other States

A B C
Home State

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Seventh Freedom of Air

● The right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services,

granted by one State to another State, of transporting traffic between
the territory of the granting State and any third State with no
requirement to include on such operation any point in the territory of
the recipient State

A B C
Home State

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Eighth Freedom of Air Consecutive Cabotage

● The right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services,

of transporting cabotage traffic between two points in the territory of
the granting State on a service which originates or terminates in the
home country of the foreign carrier or outside the territory of the
granting State

Acts as domestic
carrier

A B

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Ninth Freedom of Air Stand Alone Cabotage

● The right or privilege of transporting cabotage traffic of the granting

State on a service performed entirely within the territory of the granting
State

Acts as domestic
carrier
B
A
Home State

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Thanks for your attention !
See you in the next class