Name General Formula Functional group Examples

Alkane CnH2n+2 C-C Methane, Ethane,

Propane, Butane,
Pentane, Heptane,
Hexane, Octane,
Nonane, Decane

Haloalkane CnH2n+1X –X Bromomethane,

Bromoethane,
Bromopropane,
Bromobutane,
Iodopentane,
Fluoroheptane,
Iodohexane,
Fluorooctane,
Fluorononane,
Iododecane

Alkene CnH2n C=C Methene, Ethene,

Propene, Butene,
Pentene, Heptene,
Hexene, Octene,
Nonene, Decene

Alkyne CnH2n-2 C triple bond C Ethyne, Propyne, 2-

Butyne, Butyne,
Pentyne, Heptyne,
Hexyne, Octyne,
Nonyne, Decyne

Alcohol CnH2n + OH –OH Methanol, Ethanol,

Propanol, Butanol,
Pentanol, Heptanol,
Hexanol, Octanol,
Nonanol, Decanol

Carboxylic acid CnH2n + COOH –COOH Formic, Ethanoic,

Propanoic, Butanoic,
Pentanoic, Heptanoic,
Hexanoic,
Octanoic,
Nonanoic,
Decanoic acid

Ethers ROR’ R–O–R’ Dimethyl ether, ethyl

dimethyl ether, diethyl
ether, dipropyl ether,
methyl ethyl ether,
diphenyl ether, methyl
phenyl ether,

Ketone RCOR’ R–C=O–R’ Methanone,

 Ethanone, Propanone,
Butanone, Pentanone,
Hexanone,
Heptanone,
Octanone,
Nonanone,
Decanone

Aldehyde RCHO R–CHO Formaldehyde/methan

al, ethanal, propanal,
butanal, pentanal,
hexanal, heptanal,
octanal, nonanal,
decanal

Esters RCOOR’ R–COO–R Ethyl Acetate, methyl

salicylate, methyl
pentanoate, amyl
acetate, hexyl acetate,
ethyl hexanoate, octyl
acetate, phenyl
benzoate, methyl
hexanoate, propyl
acetate

Arenes - - Benzene, toluene,

naphthalene, fluorene,
biphenyl, anthracene,
corannulene,
chrysene,
phenanthrene,
tetraphenylmethane

Amine CnH2n+3N R–NH2 Methylalamin,

ethylamine,
dimethylamylamine,
diethylamine,
ephedrine, ammonia,
morphine,
ethanolamine,
dimethylamine,
propylamine

Amide CnH2nO2 R–CONH2 Acetamide,

formamide, acetyl
salicylamide,
benzamide, urea,
indomethacin,
polyacrylamides,
sulfonamides,
nicotinamide,
N-methylacetamide

Nitrile RCN R–C triple bond N Propionitrile,

 acetonitrile,
benzonitrile,
acrylonitrile,
isobutyronitrile,
hexadecanonitrile,
isopropyl acetonitrile,
adiponitrile,
cyclohexanecarbonitril
e, Hexynenitrile

Imide RCONR’ R-C(=O)-N-R' Succinimide, Pthalic

acid imide,
tetrahydrophthalimide,
Glutarimide,
Malonimide,
Nitrophthalimide,
methylphtalamide acid
imide,
Cyclohexylphthalimide
, Phthaloyl Amino
Acid, Diamino
Diphthalic Anhydride

Imine RCNR’ R-C=N-R' Methylimine,

propylimine, aniline,
benzylideneaniline,
acetaldehyde imine,
benzylideneacetons,
cyclohexylimine,
methylbenzylideneanili
ne,
dimethylbenzylamine,
butanimine