Immunolo » Role of tenmuanolop' cally importordt oe & cel. « Bone oe “7 LE as Soft flavble Lonnukive Sinn proud an, can bor couitiy ~y Bore movow ts th Bk of BCU origin & Luubopmenrk > A bore rnoviow Rqamplont don sou Be Liss of peopl botlhing Juckimio, Aymphorna & offy bhod tony “TA bore morww “on Ae 100 brlfrons of nus blood cls 7 Bore raosroin grnvotr RBCA Lich, 0, £0 the Airs S ton moval g cncwbes iss @ er hulp tp pruutht whl: acd tn » Clotting blood Y an ma ah tyraded exon helps Ge faut ype Cut fnat? -y Becels am pedis antbodies «Thymus. peta) a) 1 id o ' Broat me pe ie teen ee agen wetuvated’ olota B se (ogee ~y growth 2 maturation gf 7 Lymphoupta Looked p loos tn By mus -y dk mein func? gy Kh yrs 8 te elion thymosin formon. thot wit Stimulate th motutot” a T-culhs > Foiluan mus development shourr dbromebic olescos to eaeulloting phat. 2 Alle saat Linwage & ’ absente of Pye roukiotidl fmmu = Aging ~ accornponiud By a dletline in Thymic fone” = grbt ayuk” ts Covuid ‘out by Beymun 7 ploys a — mojor qole in Clb mickiokid ji whee Cell Faking port in ma . Sitied, ee okt ai| + Opleen. “ae Poot ts a 8 mphoid argon Sowtid in th “Left. oy the soos uunclt th Dipphotprn 7 On tu a RBCS are heactsoy el & oheg voted afta 190 days ake! abo other fmmune Cllr 04 clgrobd @) chestoy tn thir owgeon ~ dpleen ty Called ar rouuyord, of ROC. 3 Spleen in #u absence fone motions function in Bynthea of blood Cus “fel a himitid tm ku as anemic Condit” & alto in inforti.@ in nav born babe, > Simla bo Lymph node, H ahs primoily as a blood petty -y'old RBcx au aeeycled tn spleen oy platelets & wees au stoud in Aplen + d4 abo felps ho he poinet Ceidta.tes Vane haiikeara, thot Counc He Meningitis z > Ok produc antebedien in th white pulp. . Ly mphoustes =7 Al’o Krovon or mp hoi CW. ~z Ak Cong bifute 20-407 of the body's wees & 19% of Cll, in Ae Lymph ~ Hate ate appr 10" Lymphousts in th Amon body, 76 Continea Uy usutate in th blood & hymph Rak Capable of oe indo “the Lissua Spo & tymphord 0 : ; a; hymphoid UL ax diurded info, > B- hywpha tytes ; HST by mphoueetes TY Mobic k- Ketter Cott, CAbk~ Hex att mononuclated celle. The Bare rornoia va he Locotion of f coll Synths & geen human othr 2 hey Rows immsneglusBulin * agen ectha IgM alone @. Combinat” with Iyh §.I9h defending on the produck” ef mmusnoglabulin safoee > On antibadiin to potect #h Aumon tedy prom irasoding patina, a Sete: a. the busfor, of B cll Eusd to bind a pasticulors prtein > ae > B cella Con’ Gumumbad apustic ankigny £0 iromnune. sydturn Cefirnn pethogen ae 5 dimided ato ‘2 Siypu. iy plooma clk - Tt qulon antiBedliir ta erponn to antigens Fi Mernory Cu - Tt helps to immune dy stim bat in pula > Bcdlh ploys a ape jey del in Humerol iromancky, T: Aarphoyt > Oh dur thir nome firm Has ake 9 ple > Mock up of 2pelypeptice charms Boot togtha Compose on antigen inding region Sere aa gj &B chain (457) @ oa d (sy > Tth point by a dirulphite bond Linking #4 Q chain tog tbr. ED 3) type i> cytotoxin +-ceu 17 Helper - CLL.s cy totoxis t2Cll te + Known ov Killer TAU Coda roluubay © A molecule that bind to ‘clo clam 2H MHC rnvleurly! Bignol AMancuct™, ie chy eigeh Canc, Virally affected GD clermagil Cully alyo cluboy tenor Cully + hay Keke © Cel infucled with View, & baetuva , tid Helper tlk i Codd. mole culy) okey Aidnit Kill, Cul ate inoteod thay Bund Bugnols Phot ofr Cul in immune siyskum now to Comdinake an — attork agpirat petRogun, © A molecu (Rt binds to Clow m muc rol; Bicnol faonsduut! un7 ©. Macrophage ac ae Cpatle gn) ; Disboy + Type of WBC tot Bumounds & kell mdeney = Iara Remous Avool Cub 8 Btima ¢ ‘melo * Fromm — Byki COLL, “ten he Frurut™ » Dk”, phorgo upto 5s & bert uch $f bokuta £ otha foxmgul — otugoniss. » Adophive immunity «+ Muscle Negentat” © Wlourd Auokel - « kim u Tron Hontostoss - moindeining Conatiomt Conc, fin inthe havin inkurnol AuuloprnrtiAns 4 0s feign Bubstorus, Uduo. a protein 6) a carbohydrate thet initiok immura quat", gpuipitodly hind 40 vontibockios @ o GU Muyfor swuupfors of BallE Tells, © Artiguriucty. f oe dy the ability of anbinn fo spuificolly bird i ankebodin @ Surfer Meuuptons on Teelb. = Essentiol fatoms 6d Arki ni city {) Siae ii) chemitol” notwactii7 Fovugn nun @ Hoapsen : RD molecul allich tan only indue on immune Logical guy, when bovrd to a Cat protein ; hopten + Caxin prtin @ Adjuvank — Antigen . d's net on onkiig whic wn bird to arbbody but Cannot initiate imoune Seosporn. @ Epitope: + tts a “ugion of con orig in vahech artcbecly bind, « Each andiigen usuotly tortor mae Bon ont epitope @ Poro-bopt i. + Ib wa Tigion of an antibody, uscH wv gpinp 4 hind Jo eprtopt y antiga + Each antitody Consists & porter The tue porotep, binds som hype of epitope @ Fintibedy « « hun an giyvoprtuins + filbo knawn ar tramanoglabeclinn * Tinmunoglabutins o& fromunolegicollyse ype amd Funct™ Thon or fine a4 immmsenog tab linn in Aumnon suum. Ray eae on te nota of hrowy Haina hus ote ee ‘ 196 eL oanent (3) ii) Tg A Alpha Cel) : ip Tg M Mv C10) ‘ iw) 3gD Dilta Cd) ) TgE &prton (8) 2 Igh “Tt ts the most abundant antibody in eur body -Tt ts monomer, Confain + Polypypticr Choon, + Sub cl ‘au Tigh, > Tob, , Tpby ; Tg6, Functions t Tt 1 the only Immunoglobulin that ctoas the human plaenbe & thot offs a poriiu protect” to the nuuborn $8 abou GeGlre + Tt actWatr Efe clowical complement peth uo ey antigen antibdy path uray. f Tt nukrolias “Foon & Vine, bindeng fo bottetto , rgb opwoniacs them thechy i erhorue thia pheosgp eytorin & him nat”. thr porn is Knoum 0A opsonisat” + Tyr Shows bh precipetot” guok? - TH a prociued parboeutoaly dating th. DS fromune turfo rom. 7 age x Tt outs ara dimy. as pent)» lava hev al bya SOuctoy Compo nerk & 5 Spin * Both au prtums & goth hor poly ppatide BornFonat™ — + Stisuatony gh vv termed a the "Anfarphic paint on Mucosal nat becom it indubt the aa. of Mmivwbs ef th muota Y th Jorpinatory , GIT & Wogintol Lock i bp Tgh — dounit pH complemersis by Clowitol pathusnug hut tam artiuoke alteinate pathuoy + gA alr prduu imrmunidy age nak Lopeuorens. + Toh protecls th boby from infestinol pathogens. 50 frsvoot herding Guduce 9ET jnfut® in infants ‘ IgA Suouctu soliun, tw, bot milk @ alo a ruuosa + Tgf gun gird fine g fem against ing” by mola. 7 Tg™ «Thin Phe Lotgeat ae Known as Mawrog bobelin. + Thy om polym® Cpentarrur) , co uth 4 polypepade Cheins. = Dd Chain ts holding the 5 Auburit tagtha af Fe qugion « Tt % Bemibor fo rg Funct™ wrt tb the 1% ab to appeot in 1 immune or Tt doen'e purat fA lone becaux it her helt holt Lge. . It doen't Cots th humon plorrto but th fruman fortur ton ayrthencr T9M, + Tt abo sour fhe propetin S4uh ar apronisak?, Compe ererh f20t” , agglits nat”, lytolysion ae, + gm found on th mumbrorn of Be Clk ath a antign eeteptor CBR) gms short holf Life is on wargul indivafoy of yeuent i 4 © gM detut™ in newborrs % On ——————_ jnteouterins j ” Buch 05 Congentiol 84Phulin, subella _ek<, 9g ee7 ToD wert 1 Beet 1A a monomdi. It hod @ Bubclones- 15), & Ig, amotiatd uiith th surge oY B- Lymphocy.tes Funct™ fr. D antibod donot actinote Comp leer bexot” & Can't Cross plounta + Top mostly found on the Kuapoe of B coll * Functioning .os antigen qucphon thof hata to inthak + dffasntiat? — of B cll into plosma cub & memeny cl, 7 Igk d wl e It iA A monet, found a) es eta) aac onlay hit babe a fr in the Brum Foncd™ « High feul of Fge in children will wuckm inferdat? gum fo fous protect wie. Pk prtcckue fund? bs uth Sig eee divufly on hk posoukir 63) 7 ; poeeenee Vasjoakiv. amnn ( Hisfomins) ! * Th HE ankegen intuit” on mod Cl Hout in? rorelat® of He mork Clty with Ai Felon of the Narwattiwe amor. Ee mrudicoter Juagenic Ay pur biuity. i>| Hinge teoion 4| ad 3 ie Tnterchein = Dinu brie j Re eer Ne d c terminel 7 Immunoglobulins arr tmmu nolagitaly active. Brum protuns — fpimed in twifonm te on ontigin E quote spurs cally with, aot ancigun Stuctuu f I9> It hon y -shopeal / 7 hoped rno fe cake «Made up 9 + polypeptide Chains. thy ort i? Light chain C2) ti? Heavy chan C2) + Ou end coh, Chain t» (olled “aru tuimthal ent # &otfu end ts Cllr Q fanny terme ent 4 th He Rove Crtrl plaubh fugen ine, hing The 4 Chotna ore tntertonnected bg inbiloin Linulpide bond. «» Each Le tw linlud 10 @ He by Ce Tg Consists of 2 regions -> Votcabh (v) & Constante) Bi located oh Nua Peroiaed at ¢ dvmnol » Boxd on functional arput 2 vuyions or in 12 Ty. Soba as) antigen binding Groginet 2® Fo = CryttoLiorseb — ——— * He hos 4 domoin (VH; CHI,CH2, CHS) Whik LC hos 2 CvL, cL)* Tntroduct” 9 Immunology Immunology doh with the aitucly of Irnmaaritey Ec ienruny Buypstem Tmmunity | Tromunity iy the Qaristene shown & protect” ofjrud by the host ovganiam inst’ the 'nonsuy! horton Like pathogenic mols & this toxins & other kind oY fevuign Substonur Col lulor trmmunity Cellubos iramune nm a Apuibic imune erforne medioted by Baactiged Teel independent obs tre tam ClU- mediated romucridy een fo protective muchonismy Rat ont chototucred by ere ; Cel rudictid Frmuncty % mudistd” by 7 Lymphouytu (7, &T.) Humoral. immunity + Humoral mudioted tmmmunity tnuolue te preluct” antibedie which au protim , chlted T The antibodin Cixulott in th bhod struom & per th other body flucds, whut thy bind spuifecally to te fprugn eulea thot Pow induud them Y Bt i» th proc of acoptiu Trrmuarity morifivt ud by Be product” of antibodiu by B- Ly mphe uytes It develops in bone = more, plosme. Blood =r, tis// elements. RBC wae Plalfclets ¢ Exythrocyt) G Luskocyte) Chrarombouyto) | [ak ee ae) J Granule A Ly her, re 1} Necctoo phils u aka 3) Easnepth © Monayiss Lyon tia saa cal ee 3 is Sy ee 70 Ty & Te: © Immunological techniquua. +) Paucip tot” Reactiom - au bord on tk interaction gy wii P: & antigen. | a bord on 2& S0lubi Moctants thet Come together to méks on tntoluble product, th pruipitate. Dm nfo depend on the fpomot” gy doithnes Cores Jinks) when antigen & antibody in optinol proportions Aepiiations. a Tey wed) & pdad Ah ant of ardibedy prxnt 19 the Boum? of) an Vmmnwnin animol 4 » Beuble Immunodipfawon. ATA . Tmmunodiyuson Gt» a. dopnestic, technique fo the dtl @ rrucmatcrmeet 4 antibodies '& antigens by tha ppt whch trnelua Affucor through a Bubotorue SuLh 0d Dgpr © opiate gt 1) Sample ED sy Doubk ID X ) SID - Tt a Angle diffusion fubnique wsharby agln Containing ankigin in ploud iato wells in a gt e apet Bayfoee, evenly rrapsunated with antibody. . th comet gf th Ming Het ppt” aroond th wu ave quatt of ag: ab quot” Cdrupord ke tL amt of a3 i th &oln. woh % Bab » option - Ab Containing ot Applicationys iy rt is used fer the dekerminat” 97 abr QD ured to cekermins the 37% Gmporent gy th Complement tot ‘ : r ? ieee adage datermin alpha bea protiin outing fm Cirfoina OID [odd ‘ ‘ . Commonly known 0 powive Tp. In this method both th orttigtn & antibody diffum indpende nly thaotgh ages ge iP 2D hovidontally & a, ag & ab mat in optimal tone ppt” Aer ts gormud. 2 ppt? Lina Called pptin cuts Applitationa + wogal ft obs €. identify Uk og Rpts 8 ees oA 3) Radio- Immuno Assou -t& om immune biey technique using’ rrodio oltim substonus for th quorditotion rrwobuurnunt cecal x aba , agin » Rarmores , haus te, ’ « Shs fichninun wo He Compitet bf odio Sobellid € tirlobUed Aubstorn Does & ab uct” fo deberinine Se Cone. of the Urlbthd Sobstone Sdeps » A known Limitd amt gf 2 pottiador ab 1 pad ona solid phon & hen Peeled with Hodioative iodine ~ dh dst somph Gnfoining uk 27 & lebtted a9 ou wed, wile, al obuttid & sunlobulled ags Compt 101th wach oflx dev He ob — Airding Bite iu PE a te ant ef fst ag Pho is pruvt, oh Lun bob tted 9 will. bind fo Ae ab. + the ag- ab Compkirs fined au seposated & He ant of Jodioocfivily wy detesmeneal + Fe he conc g unobelted ag tnewom th Comp etit® ber birding £9 ab abo inouores, testting tn fouue $e binding “with Sobetted 03 6 Cons ‘Osh. aaiteae, Cacnt, 2+ Th Con ihe ee ( ae ( y aa Applicot™ 4; : ’ belted. OG toehte mired by aes eThis technéque permits ruosuununt ef ag tn voy roll Qorbie, “ufo picogrom quontibin . + dhs wid in teprdeutine broloy & endoliminology fpr the aug of bandh aie. Th hohrique applied to defekt Tye, Hep 8 artgin, ensy cur, Betum prtins, ous & wit, j ELISA - Enayme Linkud Frmmunosolbert amog ak & a plole bond techiqu used fo cletuk & Ubertipy prptider » antibodies , protium & Podmore eh iy Diveck \ Re: ty Tndivect | ay Sondwith 4) Cmpetative y Divect ELISA - Dh Cor) Somple ts immobilized dhisectly Reet plote £0 Conjupetid detec? ab binols thi tors protun, Subshode. is. thn added producing a sigrol thod t proportions! to + amt 9 anolyte. in Ble Sample i + only one antibody a> wal tavthx ee Gos Substot —z antibody with enaymue es \ bath pe Tee Micetitee plateay Indivect ELTSA- Th iqgin h attothid fo Hi the mivetitye plate & thin tk Containing pb oe bs the eae wuts gor binding with the ¢ Es a gre ob oes vsorhed CP an -teb Srp See by adding. & - ob Conjugostd with an enzyme hot b i wR th | ankibedy . AID the yvee! po ah ate ‘eet, A spuiic S tr addid which ges coleutedl procluut ail 9 Micotitre plete Sond witch By Tadinet ELISA - The microtitre well is cooted by +h ab & Hen Bomple Contoini no Ag bh added fo th vt & worked trim fee Pg ten th Endym kenkad 9 ob addid whi biad to ancthu epitopt on th fg She well 16 wothed Heme we any gr g ob. Oke B pede 8 w added hed ge Coloured prod -7 Micotite plate