JPL-Earthing&Lightning-Design Criteria-Layouts

JSW- Jaigarh Port Expansion Project
Jaigarh Port Limited
Design Criteria for Earthing and LightNing Protection with Typical Layouts
Rev Date Description Prepared Checked Approved

0 28.10.2016 ISSUED FOR APPROVAL PR ABK/KS FX
CLIENT
JSW-JAIGARH PORT EXPANSION PROJECT
JAIGARH PORT LIMITED, RATNAGIRI

This drawing is confidential and our intellectual property. It must not be
Released for Approval
reproduced nor transfered to or brought within the reach of third parties
without our written permission. Likewise, the receiver is not allowed to use Date 28.10.2016
this drawing as a basis for manufacture. @Copyright 2016 ABB. All rights
Signed ABK/KS
reserved.
Date Name
Scale - -
ABB India Limited, Bangalore Designed PR
28.10.2016
Drawn 28.10.2016 PR
Title Material - -
Checked 28.10.2016 ABK/KS
JAIGARH PORT LIMITED, RATNAGIRI Signed 28.10.2016 ABK/KS Mass - -
JSW Drg. No. JPL/E-1B/ELH-05 Sheets Rev. Size
Design Criteria for Earthing and LightNing Protection with
Typical Layouts ABB Drg. No. 3BYN465019-LTKB 28 0 A4
We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.  ABB
M/s. JSW JAIGARH PORT LTD.
EXPANSION OF JAIGARH PORT
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR EARTHING & LIGHTNING

PROTECTION SYSTEM
Based on Design Standards Client M/s. JSW Jaigarh Port Ltd.

Prep. PA-PI/ER 2016/10/28 Project Expansion of Jaigarh Port.
Appr. PA-PI/ SK Released OI.NO.:
Doc. kind Design Criteria Doc. Design Criteria
item
Title Design Criteria for Earthing& Lightning des. Design document des.
Protectionsystem
Protection System Resp. dept. INABB/PA-PI
Document identity
Lang. Rev. ind. Sheet 1
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0
ABB India Limited No. of sh. 24
CONTENTS
1. General ……….. ......................................................................................................................... 3

2. Site Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 3
3. Power Supply Conditions ........................................................................................................... 3
4. Reference Standards................................................................................................................... 4
5. Recommended practice for earthing designing ......................................................................... 4
6. Earthing Design Calculations..................................................................................................... 8
6.1 Objective ............................................................................................................................... 8
6.2 Input Data ............................................................................................................................. 8
6.3 Sizing of Earthmat Conductor based on 6.6 HT System ..................................................... 9
6.4 Sizing of Earthmat Conductor based on Maximum Fault Current in 415V System ........ 10
6.5 Typical Calculation of Resistance for Earth Electrodes (for SS-6 area) .......................... 10
6.6 Typical Calculation of Resistance of Buried Earth Strip 2Rx75 x 8 (for SS-6) ................ 11
6.7 Calculation of Total Resistance .......................................................................................... 11
7. Conclusion14
8. Lightning Protection System .................................................................................................... 15
8.1 General principles ............................................................................................................... 15
8.2 Risk and Risk components .................................................................................................. 16
8.3 Risk Management................................................................................................................ 18
8.4 Specific procedure to evaluate need of protection ............................................................. 19
8.5 Consideration. ..................................................................................................................... 20
8.5.1 Mesh Method…………. ............................................................................................. 20
8.5.2 Down conductors………….. ...................................................................................... 20
8.5.3 Size and material Conductors .................................................................................... 21
8.6 Calculations& Summary ..................................................................................................... 22
9. Revision………… ..................................................................................................................... 23
Doc. kind Design Criteria Client M/s. JSW Jaigarh Port Ltd.
Title Design Philosophy & Calculations for Project Expansion of Jaigarh Port
Earthing & Lightning Protection System OI No.
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
ABB India Limited No. of sh.
1. General
The purpose of this document is to provide Project specific Design criteria for Earthing & Lightning
Protection System for the Material Handling Port which includes Conveyors, Junction transfer tower
and Substations for safety of equipment & operating personnel with preparation of detailed
Engineering documents and drawings.
2. Site Conditions
Design ambient temperature : 40 Deg. C
Maximum ambient temperature : 33.5 Deg. C
Minimum ambient temperature : 19.1 Deg. C
Relative humidity (max) : 90%
Relative humidity (moderate) : 60%
Design Relative humidity : 90%
Altitude (MSL) [m] : <1.8 below the MSL
Atmosphere : Saline
3. Power Supply Conditions

The available MV and LT power supply are given below:
Medium Voltage Supply
1) Voltage : 6.6 kV
2) Voltage Fluctuations% : +/-10%
3) Frequency : 50Hz
4) Freq. Fluctuations : +/-5%
5) Phases : 3
6) Short Circuit Current : 40kA for 3 sec.
Low Voltage Supply

1) Voltage : 415V
2) Voltage Fluctuations% : +/-10%
3) Frequency : 50Hz
4) Freq. Fluctuations : +/-5%
5) Phases : 3
6) Short Circuit Current : 50kA for 1 sec.
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
4. Reference Standards:
1. Code of practice for Earthing : IS:3043
2. Lightning Protection : IS/IEC: 62305
5. Recommended practice for earthing designing:
The method adopted for system shall be in accordance with code of practice for Earthing IS:3043.
5.1 The neutral point of 6.6/0.433kV distribution transformers shall be solidly earthed on 433V side.
5.2 The distribution transformer neutral shall be earthed by two earth pits separate and distinct earth
connections. One of the neutral earthing leads shall be taken to an independent earth electrode
while the second earthing lead shall be connected to the station/main earth grid which is formed by
interconnecting the earth electrodes by earth conductors buried below the ground. However finally
all the earth pits including the neutral pits and lightning pits of the plant shall be interconnected
rigidly through a buried earth conductor below the ground.
5.3 For Transfer Towers and Substations, one main earthing ring shall be provided along the building
periphery connected to required number of earth electrodes. The earthing ring shall be laid either
suitably buried in the floor along building column / wall or laid along the steel structures in open
execution. In case of buried conductor, it will be laid minimum one meter away from the building.
5.4 Main earthing ring shall be further cross-connected so as to form a mesh depending on the layout
and location of the equipment. The cross-connections shall generally run in cable cellars, trenches,
or embedded in concrete floor based on the layout. For buildings having a number of floorsseparate
earthing rings shall be established in each floor wherever required. All non-current carrying metallic
parts of various electrical equipment as well as cable armouring, metallic conduit / GI pipe system,
cable trays, brackets, supporting structures etc. shall be effectively earthed. Earthing of all
equipments shall be done by means of two separate earth continuity conductors connected either
directly to earth electrodes or to an earthing ring. Low voltage equipment, 125V and above shall
also have two earthing points. However, equipment, 125V & below up to 24V may have single
earthing. Building / technological steel structures, metallic utility pipes shall not be used as earth
continuity conductor.
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
5.5 The earthing system shall be designed to ensure effective operation of protective gears in case of
earth faults. The total earth resistance at any point of the earthing system shall not be more than one
ohm.
5.6 For substations and transfer towers, number of electrodes to be provided for the earthing system
shall be calculated based on the soil resistivity to achieve a final total grid resistance of 1 ohm. After
installation, actual earth resistance shall be measured and if required, electrodes can be added to
achieve the values indicated above. No earth ring shall have less than two earth electrodes. Earth
conductor shall be covered on all sides by a layer of good soil free from rocks, stones, etc.
5.7 Separate treated earth pits similar to that of electrical power systems are to be installed as electronic
earth pits. These shall be interconnected with electrical system earth grids / pits. Connection to these
electronic earth pits will be limited to panels with electronic equipments only. All earth pits
(neutral, body, lightning, electronic earth pits) shall be interconnected to form an integrated earth
system.
5.8 Earth electrodes for earthing stations shall comprise GI pipes of 50mm nominal diameter and 3
meters’ length in accordance with IS: 3043. Bottom half of the pipe shall have holes drilled at
intervals on its surface. Removable caps shall be provided at the top of pipe to facilitate pouring of
water. Suitable clamps shall be provided with the electrodes for connecting earth conductors. The
top of the electrodes shall be about 100mm below ground level while connection to the earth
conductor shall be made at about 150mm below ground level. The top portion of electrodes shall be
enclosed in 125 x 125 x 600mm Brick/PCC housing shall be provided with 400x400x6mm C.I
cover hinged with C.I Frame top cover and marker. Provision shall be kept at each earth station for
testing earth resistance. Each earth station shall be complete with alternate layer of coke and salt.
5.9 Galvanized Steel flats shall be used for junction transfer tower and station earth grid. Earth
conductor shall comprise galvanized steel flat or stranded galvanised steel wire. Generally main
earthing rings and earthing leads shall be directly buried in ground. Additional earthing rings
wherever provided inside transfer towers / substations and earth continuity conductor shall be taken
either exposed on cable racks, structures, walls, ceiling etc. or embedded in concrete depending on
installation. Earth conductor directly buried in ground shall generally be taken at a depth of 600mm.
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
Earth conductors laid on cable racks shall be placed in accessible location keeping adequate
clearance to facilitate easy connection. Earth conductors laid along plant / equipment, structure,
wall, ceiling etc. shall maintain symmetry with other installations and shall be uniformly spaced
with cables / utility pipes running along the same route. Galvanized steel saddles shall be used for
clamping earth conductors on cable racks, structure, wall, ceiling etc. The saddles shall be clamped
to galvanized steel flat spacers with tapped holes and supporting the earth conductors. Flats shall be
supported at intervals not exceeding 1,500mm and standard wires at intervals of 750mm. Earthing
leads from transformer neutral shall be so taken as to avoid contact with the transformer body. In
case the contact cannot be avoided, the leads shall be suitably taped with insulation tapes.
5.10 As far as possible all earth terminations and connections shall be visible for inspection. Each
earthing system shall be designed to permit testing of individual earth electrodes. Stub-ups shall be
provided at convenient locations near the equipment as well as building columns for connecting
earth continuity conductors leading to the equipment and structures.
5.11 Alternate columns of structural building shall be connected to earthing ring. In no case, the number
of earth connections shall be less than two. Expansion joints of rails shall be bonded by means of
loops of galvanised MS flat.
5.12 Earth connections to equipment subjected to movement, vibrations and shocks shall be made by
stranded wires having enough loops. Connection of earthing leads to earth electrodes and
termination of flat earth continuity conductors to equipment shall be made by means of bolting.
Connection of stranded earth wire to flat earth conductor as well as to equipment shall be made
through crimping type lugs and bolting. Jointing and tapping (`T Connection’) of flat earth
conductors shall be done by means of welding. Termination of earthing flats to building structures,
etc. shall be done by means of welding.
5.13 Earth conductors from electrodes or earthing ring when entering basement, cable cellar, concrete
trench, cable pit etc. shall be generally taken embedded in concrete either directly or through pipes.
5.14 Cable screens and armours shall be bonded to earthing system. Also, metal pipes and conduits
carrying cables shall be bonded and effectively earthed.
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
5.15 Earthing system shall be kept electrically separate from the metal work of surface by not connecting
to pipes / machinery parts etc. for earth continuity.
5.16 In office buildings, laboratories etc. where concealed wiring is adopted, flats or wires for earthing
shall be run along the pipes carrying lighting cables. In cases where the earth conductors are to be
taken through embedded pipe carrying cables, the same shall comprise aluminum / copper
conductor insulated cables of green colour as required for easy identification.
5.17 Conductor size adopted for earthing ring shall in no case be less than that of the earth continuity
conductors connected to it. The size of earthing leads connected to earth electrodes shall not be less
than that of the earthing ring.
5.18 For earthing of building columns, crane / movable equipment, rails, etc. 50 x 6mm galvanized steel
flats shall be used.
5.19 Conductors used for earthing shall have minimum 8 SWG GS wire.
5.20 The minimum size of galvanized steel flat earth conductors for neutral earthing of 1MVA to 4MVA
converter duty transformers shall be 75x8mm GS or 50x6mm Cu, unless a higher size is required
from the point of higher available fault current. The sizes are derived based on the fault currents for
these equipments.
5.21 The minimum size of galvanized steel flat earth conductors for main earthing ring, cross
connections to main ring as well as leads taken to earth electrodes for various substations shall be
2Rx75x8mm GS, unless a higher size is required from the point of higher available fault levels.
The minimum size of galvanized G.S Strip / wire for earthing of various equipments shall be as
follows:
i) Main Earthing Grid - 2R x 75mm x 8mm G.S

ii) HT Switchgears, DG Set & LT Main Panel (PCC) - 50mm x 6mm Cu.
iii) Pile Earthing for Ship Unloader Rails and
Stacker cum reclaimer rail earthing - 50mm x 6mm Cu.
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
iv) MCC, APFC, VFD & Transformer Body - 50mm x 6mm G.S
iv) Cable Tray, ACDB & MLDB - 40mm x 6mm G.S
x) PDB, LDB, SLDB, Battery & Battery Charger - 25mm x 6mm G.S
iv) PLC Panel, High Mast - 25mm x 6mm G.S
v) LT AC motors above 110kW - 50mm x 6mm G.S
vi) LT AC motors from 55kW up to 110kW - 40mm x 6mm G.S
vii) LT AC motors from 22kW up to 55kW - 25mm x 6mm G.S
viii) LT AC motors from 1.1kW to 22kW - 25mm x 3mm G.S wire
ix) LT AC motors upto 1.1kW - 8 SWG Wire
xi) RIO Panel, PJB, CJB, UPS, Battery & Control Desk - 25mm x 3mm G.S wire
xii) Welding Receptacles - 25mmx 3mm G.S wire
xiii) LPBS,1Phase sockets, Lighting JB’s - 8 SWG Wire
xv) Field JB - 8 SWG Wire
6. Earthing Design Calculations:
6.1 Objective:
a. The effective combined grid earth resistance required as per IS: 3043 for industrial plants is less
than one ohm.
b. Derive the size of earth conductor.
c. Derive the length and width of the grounding area of the SS-6/SS-7/ER-1A/ER-1B/ER-2/ Transfer
Towers etc. covering the total port layout.
d. Derive the length of conductor buried in soil and number of electrodes.
e. Calculate the value of resistance of earth grid.
f. Calculate the value of resistance of earth electrodes.
g. Calculate the combined value of resistance of earth grid and electrodes.
6.2 Input Data:

a. Soil Resistivity : 42.7 Ω-m (38.8+3.88) (Maximum value
taken from soil resistivity report with
10% Margin)
b. Type of Electrode : G.S. Pipe Electrode
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
c. Length of Electrode (L 1) : 300 cm
d. Diameter of Electrode (d) : 5 cm
e. Estimated length of strip (L2) : As per Annexure-A
f. Depth of buried earth strip (D) : 60 cm from FGL
g. Material constant for steel (k) : 80 (from table 6A-pg.31, IS: 3043)
h. Fault current for conductor sizing : As given below
i. Fault current duration for conductor : 1 sec.
j. No. of electrodes considered for design (N) : As per Annexure-A
k. Corrosion Factor : 15 percent (Refer Annexure-C) from new
sub-clause 8.6.1 IS:3043
6.3 Sizing of Earthmat Conductor based on 6.6 HT System

The maximum fault current = 40 kA
Fault clearing time = 1 sec.
Therefore, Conductor size S = I √t

-----
K
Where, S = Cross-section area in sq. mm
I = Fault current in amps (as per design basis)
K = Factor dependent on the material of

Protective conductor 80 as per table 6A
(page 31 of IS-3043)
t = Operating time of disconnecting device is

1 sec.
Substituting the values 40000 √1

S = ------------ = 500 sq. mm
80
Cross section of Earthing conductor required = 500 sq. mm
As per IS 3043 New sub clause 8.6 corrosion of soil resistivity Allowance in cross sectional
area of earthing conductor to take the effect of corrosion into account for soil resistivity from
25 ohm meter to 100 ohm meter is 15 Percent.
Cross section of Earthing conductor required = 500 x 1.15

= 575 Sq.mm
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
6.4 Sizing of Earthmat Conductor based on Maximum Fault Current in 415V System
The maximum earth fault current for which

Earthing system is to be designed = 50 kA
Fault clearing time = 0.5 sec.
I √t
Therefore, Conductor size S = -----
K
50,000 √0.5
Substituting the values S = -------------
80
= 443.75 sq. mm
As per IS 3043 New sub clause 8.6 corrosion of soil resistivity Allowance in cross sectional area of
earthing conductor to take the effect of corrosion into account for soil resistivity from 25 ohm meter
to 100 ohm meter is 15 Percent.
Cross section of Earthing conductor required = 443.75x1.15

= 510.31 Sq.mm
It is noted, out of the above HT and LT system, the HT system earth fault current is predominant.
The conductor selected for buried earth grid for transfer tower / substation is 2Rx75x8mm GS Flat (1200sq.
mm). Hence, earth conductor selected is adequate to withstand the above max. fault current for a stipulated
time of 1 sec.
6.5 Typical Calculation of Resistance for Earth Electrodes (for SS-6 area)
The resistance of pipe electrode R = 100ρ 4 x L1

------- loge --------- Ω
2π L1 d
Where: L1 = Length of rod or pipe (in cm)

d = Diameter of pipe electrode (in cm)
ρ = Resistivity of the soil in Ω-m
42.7 Ω-m (Maximum value taken from soil resistivity report with 10% Margin)
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
Substituting the value R = 100 x 42.7 4 x 300
--------------- loge --------- Ω
2 x π x 300 5
R = 12.40Ω
Therefore, net resistance of electrode Re = R/N = 12.40 / 8
= 1.55 Ω
6.6 Typical Calculation of Resistance of Buried Earth Strip 2Rx75 x 8 (for SS-6)
Depth of buried strip (D) = 60 cm
Width of the strip (W) = 7.5 cm (as per Cl.9.2.3 of IS: 3043)
Length of the strip in (L2) = 15540 cm
Total resistance of earthing grid Rs = 100ρ 2 x (L2)2

------- loge ------------ Ω
2π L2 DxW
Substituting the value : Rs = 100 x 42.7 2 x (15540) 2

--------------- loge ------------------ Ω
2 x π x 15540 60 x(2 x 7.5)
Rs = 0.58 Ω
6.7 Calculation of Total Resistance
Hence, the net resistance of grid Rt = R e x Rs

-------------
(Re + Rs)
Therefore, Rt = 1.55 x 0.58

------------------
(1.55 + 0.58)
= 0.42Ω
Similarly the earth resistance value for the other areas also calculated and all the earth grids will be
connected rigidly below the ground. The number of earth pits will be added in such a way that the
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
total effective earth resistance will be maintained less than 1 ohm. The pits can be treated at regular
interval by pouring the water.
The effective value of the earth grid is calculated as per enclosed Annexure-A and the
combined value is calculated as < 1 ohm. Hence the sizing of conductor, number of electrodes
and length of GI flat are adequate.
Please refer below table for earthing calculations of other areas.
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
Annexure-A
Soil Combined
Diameter of Resistance Resistance Combined value
Soil Restivity Length of Approximate Length of Depth of Width of value of
pipe of each No. of of Main of Resistance of
S.No Location Restivity 10% earth Dimensions of primary buried earth burial the strip Resistance of
electrode earth pit earth pits Earth Grid earth grid & pits
(ohm-m) margin pipe (cm) buried conductor (cm) conductor (cm) (cm) (cm) earth pits
(cm) (ohm) (ohm) (ohm)
(ohm-m) (ohm)
ρ ρ L1 d l w L2 D W R N Re Rs Rt
1 SS-6 38.8 42.7 300 5 6050 1720 15540 60 15.0 12.40 8 1.55 0.58 0.42
2 SS-7 38.8 42.7 300 5 3600 3100 13400 60 15.0 12.40 8 1.55 0.65 0.46
3 ER-1A 38.8 42.7 300 5 2150 1000 6300 60 15.0 12.41 4 3.10 1.23 0.88
4 ER-1B 38.8 42.7 300 5 3550 1400 9900 60 15.0 12.41 4 3.10 0.84 0.66
5 ER-2 38.8 42.7 300 5 2400 1080 6960 60 15.0 12.41 4 3.10 1.13 0.83
6 JTT-1 38.8 42.7 300 5 1750 1200 5900 60 15.0 12.41 2 6.20 1.30 1.07
7 JTT-2 38.8 42.7 300 5 4750 2850 15200 60 15.0 12.41 4 3.10 0.59 0.49
8 JTT-3 38.8 42.7 300 5 5450 2830 16560 60 15.0 12.41 4 3.10 0.55 0.46
9 JTT-4 38.8 42.7 300 5 1000 1000 4000 60 15.0 12.41 6 2.07 1.78 0.96
10 JTT-5 38.8 42.7 300 5 1320 1300 5240 60 15.0 12.41 4 3.10 1.43 0.98
11 JTT-6 38.8 42.7 300 5 3400 2150 11100 60 15.0 12.41 4 3.10 0.77 0.61
12 JTT-7 38.8 42.7 300 5 1580 900 4960 60 15.0 12.41 4 3.10 1.49 1.01
13 JTT-18 38.8 42.7 300 5 7000 2750 19500 60 15.0 12.41 2 6.20 0.48 0.44
Note: Only buried conductor (earth strip) are considered for calculating the overall earth grid resistance.
Overall Earth Grid Resistance in ohms = 0.049
Doc. kind Design Criteria Client M/s. JSW Jaigarh Port Ltd
Document identity
3BYN465019-BRBD en 0 24
7. Conclusion
1. Main earth grid conductor, number of electrodes, auxiliary earth grids
shall be provided as per above the design.
2. Interconnection between earth grid of building and various substations

shall be with 2R x 75 x 8 GS flat.
3. Overall earthing system resistance is less than 1 Ohm as per design.

Hence SAFE.
4. Soil Resistivity Report is enclosed with this document as Annexure-B
Doc. kind Design Criteria Client M/s. JSW Jaigarh Port Ltd
Document identity
3BYN465019-BRBD en 0 24
8. Lightning Protection System
The International Electro Technical commission (IEC) standard (IEC 62305) consists of four distinct
parts under the general title, “Protection against lightning”.
8.1 General principles

Generally describes to design a lightning system protection (LPS) in accordance with standards.
Initial focus is on the damage that can cause by lightning. This is sub divided as follows
1) Damage to a structure ( including all electrical overhead line and buried cable connected to
the structure)
2) Damage to a service(Service in this instance being service lines which is part of
telecommunication, gas & fuel line, data , water distribution lines)
The possible sources of damages
S1- Flashes to the structure
S2- Flashes near the structure
S3- Flashes to the lines connected to the structure
S4- Flashes near the lines connected to the structure.
Type of Damages
Each source of damage may result to one more three types of damage
D1- Injury of living being by electric shock
D2-Physicl damage (Fire, explosion, Mechanical destruction, chemical release) due to
lightning current effects including sparkling
D3- Failure of internal systems due to lightning
Type of Loss
The following type of loss may result from damage due to lightning.
L1- Loss of Human life
L2-Loss of service to the public
L3-Loss of cultural heritage
L4-Loss of economic value (the structure, its contents and loss of activity)
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
8.2 Risk and Risk components
The risk R, is the relative value of a probable average annual loss. For each type of loss which may
appear in a structure, the relevant risk shall be evaluated.
The risk to be evaluated in a structure may be as follows:
R1- Risk of Loss of human life (Including permanent injury)
R2-Risk of loss of service to public
R3-Risk of loss of cultural heritage
R4-Risk of loss of economic life
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
8.3 Risk Management
Basic Procedure
The following procedure shall be applied as follows:
- Identification of the structure to be protected and its characteristics
- Identification of all types of losses in the structure and the relevant corresponding risk R (
R1 to R4
- Evaluation of risk R for each type of loss ( R1 to R4)
- Evaluation of need of protection by comparison of risk R1, R2 & R3 with the tolerable risk
RT
- Evaluation of cost effectiveness of protection by comparison of the costs of total losses
with and without protection measures. In this case the assessment of component of risk R4
shall be performed in order to evaluate such costs.
Associated with risk of loss of human life, loss of service to the public, loss of cultural heritage and
economic loss.
Structure to be considered for risk assessment
The Structure to be considered includes
- The structure itself
- Installations in the structure
- Contents of the structure
- Persons in the structure or in the zone up to 3m from the outside of the structure
- Environment affected by the damage of structure.
Tolerable Risk RT
Representative values of tolerable risk RT, where lightning flashes involve loss of human life, loss
social or cultural values are given below table.
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
8.4 Specific procedure to evaluate need of protection
According to IEC 62305 part 1 risks R1, R2 & R3 shall be considered in the evaluation of the need of
protection against lightning.
For each risk to be considered the following steps shall be taken
- Identification of components Rx which make up the risk
- Calculation of identified risk components Rx
- Calculation of total risks
- Identification of tolerable risk RT
- Comparison of the risk R with tolerable risk RT value
If R<RT Lightning protection is not required.
If R> RT lightning protection required
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
8.5 Consideration
Air termination system
The role of an air termination is to capture the lightning discharge and dissipate harmlessly to earth via
down conductor and earth termination system
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
8.5.1 Mesh Method
Four different air termination mesh sizes are defined and correspond to the relevant class of LPS
Class of LPS Mesh Size in M

LPS I 5x5
LPS II 10 x 10
LPS III 15 x 15
LPS IV 20 x 20
8.5.2 Down conductors

Down conductor shall be within the bounds of practical constraints take the most direct route from air
termination to earth termination system.
The Lightning current is shared between the down conductors. The greater the number of down
conductors, lesser the lightning current flow in each down conductor.
The down conductor spacing shall corresponds with the relevant LPS which is given below
Class of LPS Typical Distance in M

LPS I 10
LPS II 10
LPS III 15
LPS IV 20
Typical Calculation for No. of Down conductors

Total No. of Down Conductor required for ER-2 = (2 x (21 + 12)) / 15 = 4 Nos.
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
Down Conductor Horizontal Conductor Roof Periphery of ER-2 S/S
(25x6mm GS Flat) (50x6mm GS Flat)
6Mtr
11Mtr 11Mtr
8.5.3 Size and material Conductors

The following sizes is considered as follows:
Description Material Size
Horizontal Air G.S 50 x 6 mm G.S Flat
Termination
Down Conductor G.S 25 x 6 mm G.S Flat
50mm dia. 3m long
Earth pit G.S
G.I Pipe
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
8.6 Calculations& Summary
Protection No. of
Dimension (In Meter) No. of
Class as per Lightning Copper Test
S.No Location Down
Length Breadth Height IEC (Refer Conductors Earth Spike Links
(L) (B) (H) Calculation) Pits
1 SS-6 58.50 12.00 13.50 III 9 2.00 3.00 2.00
2 SS-7 34.00 26.00 9.55 III 8 2.00 3.00 2.00
3 ER-1A 19.50 6.00 12.70 III 3 2.00 1.00 2.00
4 ER-1B 33.55 12.00 10.80 III 6 2.00 1.00 2.00
5 ER-2 22.00 6.00 15.15 III 4 2.00 1.00 2.00
6 JTT-1 15.50 9.95 22.75 III 3 2.00 1.00 2.00
7 JTT-2 14.90 15.80 19.50 III 10 2.00 2.00 2.00
8 JTT-3 30.00 22.50 16.00 III 11 2.00 2.00 2.00
9 JTT-4 8.00 8.00 16.20 III 2 2.00 1.00 2.00
10 JTT-5 6.00 11.00 18.00 III 3 2.00 1.00 2.00
11 JTT-6 19.50 30.00 27.80 III 7 2.00 2.00 2.00
12 JTT-7 7.00 11.20 17.40 III 2 2.00 1.00 2.00
13 JTT-18 25.50 15.75 20.00 III 10 2.00 3.00 2.00
Notes:
1. Down Conductor is considered at every interval of 15m interval perimeter of the building
2. Mesh Size considered is 15x15M for Level -III Lightning Protection
3. Down conductors for Building will be connected to buried grid & any two down conductor will be
provided with separate earth pit & test link.
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
9. Revision
Rev. Page (P) Description Date

ind. Chapt.(C) Dept./Init.
0 - ISSUSED FOR APPROVAL
Document identity
3BYN465019-LTKB en 0 24
E: N:3
19 09
14 86
06 1.
9. 90
09 1
5
N
E: :30
N:309870.812
E:1914061.059
19 9
14 9 0
10 9.9
4. 8 6
50 N
1 E: :30
19 99
1 4 01
1 1 .0
2 . 74
53
7
H1
(N
EW
HI
G
H
M
AS
T)
E: N:3
19 09
14 86
0 6 1.
9. 90
09 1
5
N
E: :30
N:309870.812
E:1914061.059
19 9
14 90
10 9.9
4. 86
50 N
1 E : :30
19 99
14 01
11 .0
2 . 74
53
7
H1
(N
EW
HI
G
H
M
AS
T )
H3
(N
EW
HI
G
H

JPL-Earthing&amp;Lightning-Design Criteria-Layouts

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

JPL-Earthing&amp;Lightning-Design Criteria-Layouts

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

JSW- Jaigarh Port Expansion Project

Jaigarh Port Limited

Rev Date Description Prepared Checked Approved

JAIGARH PORT LIMITED, RATNAGIRI

M/s. JSW JAIGARH PORT LTD.

EXPANSION OF JAIGARH PORT

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR EARTHING & LIGHTNING

Based on Design Standards Client M/s. JSW Jaigarh Port Ltd.

1. General ……….. ......................................................................................................................... 3

3. Power Supply Conditions

Low Voltage Supply

5. Recommended practice for earthing designing:

i) Main Earthing Grid - 2R x 75mm x 8mm G.S

6. Earthing Design Calculations:

b. Derive the size of earth conductor.

d. Derive the length of conductor buried in soil and number of electrodes.

e. Calculate the value of resistance of earth grid.

f. Calculate the value of resistance of earth electrodes.

g. Calculate the combined value of resistance of earth grid and electrodes.

6.2 Input Data:

b. Type of Electrode : G.S. Pipe Electrode

6.3 Sizing of Earthmat Conductor based on 6.6 HT System

Therefore, Conductor size S = I √t

Where, S = Cross-section area in sq. mm

I = Fault current in amps (as per design basis)

K = Factor dependent on the material of

t = Operating time of disconnecting device is

Substituting the values 40000 √1

Cross section of Earthing conductor required = 500 sq. mm

Cross section of Earthing conductor required = 500 x 1.15

The maximum earth fault current for which

Fault clearing time = 0.5 sec.

Cross section of Earthing conductor required = 443.75x1.15

The resistance of pipe electrode R = 100ρ 4 x L1

Where: L1 = Length of rod or pipe (in cm)

Therefore, net resistance of electrode Re = R/N = 12.40 / 8

Depth of buried strip (D) = 60 cm

Length of the strip in (L2) = 15540 cm

Total resistance of earthing grid Rs = 100ρ 2 x (L2)2

Substituting the value : Rs = 100 x 42.7 2 x (15540) 2

6.7 Calculation of Total Resistance

Hence, the net resistance of grid Rt = R e x Rs

Therefore, Rt = 1.55 x 0.58

Please refer below table for earthing calculations of other areas.

Overall Earth Grid Resistance in ohms = 0.049

2. Interconnection between earth grid of building and various substations

3. Overall earthing system resistance is less than 1 Ohm as per design.

4. Soil Resistivity Report is enclosed with this document as Annexure-B

8.1 General principles

Class of LPS Mesh Size in M

8.5.2 Down conductors

Class of LPS Typical Distance in M

Typical Calculation for No. of Down conductors

8.5.3 Size and material Conductors

2 SS-7 34.00 26.00 9.55 III 8 2.00 3.00 2.00

3 ER-1A 19.50 6.00 12.70 III 3 2.00 1.00 2.00

4 ER-1B 33.55 12.00 10.80 III 6 2.00 1.00 2.00

5 ER-2 22.00 6.00 15.15 III 4 2.00 1.00 2.00

6 JTT-1 15.50 9.95 22.75 III 3 2.00 1.00 2.00

7 JTT-2 14.90 15.80 19.50 III 10 2.00 2.00 2.00

8 JTT-3 30.00 22.50 16.00 III 11 2.00 2.00 2.00

9 JTT-4 8.00 8.00 16.20 III 2 2.00 1.00 2.00

10 JTT-5 6.00 11.00 18.00 III 3 2.00 1.00 2.00

11 JTT-6 19.50 30.00 27.80 III 7 2.00 2.00 2.00

JPL-Earthing&Lightning-Design Criteria-Layouts

JPL-Earthing&Lightning-Design Criteria-Layouts