BAYANI PHILIPPINE HEROISM MINDANAO

BAYANI - pinagpipigatagang espesyal na grupo ng • Bayani o bagani = datu ng tribo

mga tao (mandirigma) • political, religious, and healing aspects
-strong, vigorous, powerful, worth, courage • nagpapatawag ng kahimuan (pagtitipon)
• lingkod bayan
-obra kaman (sama-samang gawa; gawaing panlahat)
BOXER CODEX 1590
-offers free service (tulong)
• bayani-angat sa katayun o dignidad
-Prevail; predominate; triumphant;victorious • putong na 2 sungay ng kalabaw na may ginto
BAYANI REQUIREMENTS TO THE YOUNG WOMEN OF MALOLOS
• Makapatay ng kaaway (na pangkat o tribo) • When the Spaniards came into the Philippines,
• Masubukan ang tapang (sa laban) they brought with them their patriarchal values
• Iginagawad ang titulo about women which eventually diffused into
ANTAS NG PAGKABAYANI: Philippine culture.
• There was an idea that men should be the
1. MANIKLAD provider of the family and protector of the
women.
• 1-2 ang napatay
• Filipinos were familiarized to a patriarchal
• Putong na oula at dilaw
system of education which emphasized the
2. HANAGAN domestic value that women were the property of
men.
• 5 ang napatay
• This letter was written in Tagalog, while Rizal
• Tagbusawan (nasaniban ni Tagbusawan)
was in London.
• Nagawa ang ritwal at nakain ang puso at atay ng
• December 12, 1888 -a group of twenty women of
kalaban
Malolos petitioned Governor-General Weyler for
• Pulang puton permission to open a night school so that they
3. KINABOAN may study Spanish under Teodoro Sandiko.
• Father Felipe Garcia objected resulting into the
• 7-27 ang napatay turning down of the petition by the Governor-
• Pulang jacket General.
4. LUTO • But these young women courageously sustained
their agitation for the establishment of the school.
• 50-100 ang napatay They triumphed in the end and were granted
• Pulang pantalon permission to their project on the condition that
Senorita Guadalupe Reyes should be their
5. LUNUGAN
teacher.
• Napatay ang kalaban sa loob amang ng • the letter Rizal transmitted to the young women
pamamahay of Malolos focused on the following points: the
• Itim na kukay ang kasuotan rejection of the spiritual authority of the friars;
the defense of private judgment; qualities
Filipino mothers need to possess; duties and
ANTING ANTING – tinubog sa dugo ng kaaway responsibilities of Filipino mothers to their
children; duties and responsibilities of a wife to
her husband; and counsel to young women on
their choice of a lifetime partner.
 RIZAL’S MESSAGE TO FILIPINO WOMEN
• Rizal's ultimate desire was to afford Filipino
women with the same opportunities enjoyed by
men in education - an education that will liberate
women.
• He emphasized the need for maintaining the
independence of mind and reason. He urged
women to be vigilant over their rights and not to
be docile and passive in their attitude towards the
many Injustices forced upon them.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF FILIPINO
MOTHERS TO THEIR CHILDREN
• It is the mothers who are responsible for the
present servitude of our compatriots, owing to the
unlimited trustfulness of their loving hearts, to
their ardent desire to elevate their sons.
What then was Rizal trying to put across here? He
was trying to tell the women that whatever the
mother is, would be her son becomes. Mothers who
can teach nothing else but kneeling and kissing the
hand of the friars should expect children who are not
only stupid but also exploited slaves.
Rizal stressed the need for mothers to educate their
children on the following values: love for honor;
sincere and firm character; clear mind; clear
conduct; noble action; love for one's fellowmen;
and respect for God.
WHAT THEN ARE THE DUTIES OF THE
FILIPINO MOTHERS TO THEIR CHILDREN:
• To raise children close to the image of God;
• To awaken and prepare the mind of the child for
every good and desirable idea; and
• To teach children to prefer death with honor than
life with dishonor
QUALITIES MOTHERS HAVE TO POSSESS:
• The Filipino mother has to be a noble wife.
• She has to rear her children in the service of the
state. Rizal gives reference to the women of
Sparta who embody this quality.
• A wife has to set the standards of behavior for
men around her.
3 basic things a wife must instill in the mind of her
husband: activity and industry; noble behavior; and
worthy sentiments
Rizal gave the following advices to a married
woman:
• Aid her husband
• Share his perils
• Refrain from causing him worry
• Sweeten his moments of affliction
Rizal’s advice to unmarried men and women:
• Rizal was directly telling young men that in
choosing their lifetime partner, they should not
consider physical beauty nor the sweetness
character of a woman, but rather give priority to
firmness of character and excellent ideas.
• On the other hand, Rizal counseled young
women not to surrender their womanhood to a
weak and timid heart. There are 3 things that a
young woman must look for a man she is going
to marry: a noble and honored man; a manly
heart and a high spirit incapable of being slave.
THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINO
PEOPLE (LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS
FILIPINOS)
• The Indolence of the Filipino People was the
longest essay of Jose P. Rizal published in La
Solidaridad on July 15, 1890, to defend the
Filipinos against the accusation of Mr. Sanciano
that the Filipinos are Indolent. This is due to the
observation of Sanciano to a Filipino farmer who
was having a siesta at nine o'clock in the morning
because he was already done on his work.
• The La Solidaridad ay isang organization na
binubuo ng Filipino students sa Spain. Ang main
objective ng La Solidaridad is to ask reforms sa
Spanish government and they want to increase
Spanish awareness of the needs of the Filipinos.
• According to Rizal, whenever something goes
wrong in the Philippines, there is a tendency to
blame the Filipinos.
• Rizal's thesis in this essay was simple: that
Filipinos were not born lazy but had a tendency
to become lazy. Acknowledging the tendency for
the Filipinos to become indolent due in part to the
tropical climate, Rizal noted that it was the
European, surrounded by servants, who was the
paragon of laziness in the tropics.
THE DETERIORATION OF THE INDUSTRY OF
THE FILIPINOS CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO TWO
SETS OF FACTORS: THOSE ATTRIBUTABLE
TO THE SPANISH COLONIZERS; AND THOSE
ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE FILIPINOS' OWN
FAULTS.
1. Wars and Internal disorders that followed Spanish
Conquest
2. Piratical Attacks on Coastal Towns and Villages by
Muslim Pirates
3. Forced Labor in Shipbuilding
4. Government's Neglect and Apathy to Agriculture,
Industry and Commerce
5. Absence of Material and Moral Incentives to Work
Harder
6. The Teaching of the Spanish Missionaries that
7. Heaven is for the Poor
8. Too Much Government Restriction and Red Tape
in the Approval of Permit to Transact Business
9. Encouragement and Propagation of Gambling
10. Ownership of the Big Estates by the Friars
11. Example Set by the Spaniards in Disdaining
Manual Labor
12. Deprivation of Human Dignity
MAKAMISA (AFTER MASS)
• Written in 1891-1892, after the appearance of El
Filibusterismo. He wrote while having a trip from
Marseilles to Hong Kong on Melbourne ship.
• Sinasabi ni Mariano Ponce na ang Makamisa ay
pamagat lamang ng unang bahagi ng ikatlong
nobela ni Rizal na sinulat habang siya ay
papuntang Hongkong.
• Ang unang burador nito ay nakasulat sa tagalog
ngunit ito’y di na ipinagpatuloy ni Rizal at sa
halip ay sinulat muli sa wikang Espanyol
• The Makamisa centers around the ill-mannered
Padre Agaton, curate of the town.
• Ambeth Ocampo, famous for his works on the
life and writing of Rizal, stumbled on the Spanish
drafts of the novel while he was working at the
National Library.
• This draft found by Ocampo was hidden among
a 245-page stack of writing entitled “Borrador
del Noli Me Tangere”
• Ambeth Ocambo reconstructed this draft and
translated it into a rich and full narrative, now
known as Makamisa
SUCESOS DE LAS ISALAS FILIPINAS
• Antonio de Morga Sanchez Garay (November
29, 1559 - July 21, 1636) was a Spanish soldier,
lawyer and a high-ranking colonial official for 43
years, in the Philippines from 1594 to 1604, New
Spain and Peru, where he was president of the
Real audiencia for 20 years.
Meaning of Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas
• Las Islas Filipinas means "The Philippine
Island" in English and was named in honor of
King Philip II of Spain
• Sucesos means the work of an honest observer. a
versatile bureaucrat who knew the workings of
the administration from the inside.
• One of the important works of the Philippines
about the colonization of Spain, published by
Antonio De Morga in Mexico 1609.
• Explains the political, social and economic
aspects of a colonizer and the colonized country.
• The book is based on the experience and
observation of Antonio De Morga
• Annotated by Jose Rizal with a prologue by Dr.
Ferdinand Blumentritt
 Purpose of Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas
• Morga (1609) wrote that the purpose for writing
Sucesos was So he could chronicle "the deeds
achieved by our Spaniards, the discovery,
conquest. and conversion of the Filipinas Islands
as well as various fortunes that they have from
time to time in the great kingdoms and among the
pagan peoples surrounding the islands.
What lead Jose Rizal to Morga’s Work
• Rizal was an earnest seeker of truth, and this
marked him as historian
• He had a burning desire to know exactly the
condition of the Philippines when the Spaniards
came ashore to the islands
• His theory was that the country was
economically self-sufficient and prosperous.
Entertained the idea that it had a lively and
vigorous community
• He believed the conquest of the Spaniards
contributed in part to the decline of the
Philippine's rich traditions and culture.
• He then decided to undertake the annotation of
Antonio de Morga's Sucesos De Las Islas
Filipinas.
• His personal friendship with Ferdinand
Blumentritt provided the inspiration for doing
a new edition of Morga's Sucesos.
• Devoting four months research and writing and
almost a year to get his manuscript published in
Paris in January 1890.
Why Jose Rizal chose Morga’s Work
• Rizal felt Morga to be more "objective" than the
religious writers whose accounts included many
miracle stories.
• Morga. compared to religious chroniclers, was
more sympathetic to the indios: and finally,
Morga was not only an eyewitness but a major
actor in the events he narrates.
• Rizal's second consideration for the choice of
Morga was that it was the only civil, as opposed
to religious or ecclesiastical, history of the
Philippines written during the colonial period.
• The third consideration for the choice of Morga
was Rizal's opinion that this secular account was
more objective, more trustworthy, than those
written by the religious missionaries which were
liberally sprinkled with tales of miracles and
apparitions.
Isagani - connecting character from El
Filibusterismo that made an appearance in
Makamisa?
Valentine Ventura - Who was considered as the
savior of El Filibusterismo?
Filibuster - What is the direct translation of El
Filibusterismo?
Political - What is the genre of the El Filibusterismo?
Belgium - Where was El Filibusterismo published?
Simoun - Who was the character comeback of
Crisostomo Ibarra in El Filibusterismo?
Fr. Florentino - To whom did Simoun seek refuge
after the failed evolutionary attempt?
Quiroga - Who helped Simoun smuggle arms and
weaponry as part of the preparation for the
revolution?
Ambeth Ocampo – discovered Makamisa
Ferdinand Blumentritt - To whom did Rizal write
explaining his interest of writing a piece that will
tackle the culture and ethics of the Filipino people?
Tinyente Guevarra - An elderly lieutenant who was
a friend of Don Rafael
Donya Victorina - Ambitious Filipina who
embodies colonial mentality
Don Rafael - The wealthy man of San Diego who
died in prison
Crisostomo Ibarra - The educated man from Europe
Padre Damaso - A notorious Spanish Friar
Pilosopo Tasyo - Reform seeking character
Basilio - An acolyte who will bury the boatman
Crispin - The accused sacristan
Don Tiburcio - A low ranking, ignorant Spaniard
Elias - The selfless boatman
Maria Clara - The fiance; The sheltered Filipina
Padre Salvi - The secret lecherous lover
Sisa - The abused mother
Kapitan Tiago - The fake father; a political figure
who is power hungry
Donya Consolacion - Pretentious Filipina imitating
Spanish women
Torch - Burning Passion
Hairy legs - Dirty secrets uncovered
Shoes - Footprints left in the teachings of the
Catholic Church
Whips, flog, chain - Abuses, slavery and cruelty
Pomelo Blossom and Laurel Leaves - Honor,
values, fidelity
Woman’s silhouette - Inang Bayan
Helmet - Arrogance of power of those in position
Sunflower - new beginnings
Bamboo stalks – resilience
Cross – faith
Indolence of the Filipino People
• Education is too obsolete. It focuses more on
repetitive prayers.
• Taxes were too high. Filipinos felt abused and
used with the system.
• Filipinos felt compelled and forced to work.
• Natives were killed and lands were burned
• The weather is too hot for Filipinos to be
productive.
Makamisa
• Rizal thought of writing a piece using the Tagalog
(Lagueno Tagalog) to invite more Filipinos to
read the work.
• An unfinished work which was written in Hong
Kong
• Known to be another sequel of the famous
Duology.
• Aimed to showcase the ethics and customs of the
Tagalogs
• Discovered by Ambeth Ocampo and was first
believed to be a draft of the Noli Me Tangere.
Letter to the Women of Malolos
• Faith is not merely reciting prayers and wearing
religious pictures, It is living way with good
morals and manners.
• Women should have equal right to education
• You should not be easily taken by appearances
because those can be very deceiving.
• Faith is not merely reciting prayers and wearing
religious pictures, It is living way with good
morals and manners.
• Qualities to be looked for a man to marry: Noble
and honored man; manly heart; spirited
• Filipino mothers should teach their children love
of God, country and fellowmen
Annotations to the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
• This work talks about events during the Pre-
Hispanic Philippines
• Bagoong is never rotten. “This is another
preoccupation of the Spaniards who, like any
other nation in that matter of food, loathe that to
which they are not accustomed or is unknown to
them”
• The natives of the southern part, islands of Visaya
are known them as the tattooed people.
(Pintados)
• According to Rizal, the Philippines, from time
immemorial, is a land of abundant natural
resources and that people are never
impoverished.
FACT
Basilio was a med school student with the help of
Kabesang Tales (adopted him) and Kap. Tiago
(sponsored him)
Simoun took refuge in Fr. Florentino’s but was
known by the guards and the plan to arrest him
was advised to the priest
Simoun became and influential man influencing
decisions of the governor general
El Filibusterismo’s genre is very different from its
prequel (Noli Me Tangere)
If Noli Me Tangere’s savior was Maximo viola,
El Fili Busterismo’s savior was Valentine Ventura
 BLUFF
The Revolution plan was a success, and the
members were able to invade gov’t offices in
Manila
Revolution will start at a wedding of Isagani and
Paulita Gomez where the bandits will invade and
kidnap the guest
Basilio, Son of Sisa, became Simoun’s Ally in
smuggling the arms and weaponry for the
revolution
Simoun wanted to be peaceful and aimed to use
his influence over the governor general to push
for societal reforms
Simoun knew about his former lover’s (Ma.
Clara) death and wanted to avenge for her
The El FIlibusterismo’s direct translation is the
“Reign of Greed”
Simoun, thecaharacter comeback of Elias from
Noli Me Tangere
Jose Rizal started and finished writing El
Filibusterismo while overseas