Mathematics

Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

LESSON 10.4
Arc Length, Sectors, and Segments
Table of Contents

Introduction 1

Test Your Prerequisite Skills 2

DepEd Competencies 2

Objectives 3

Warm-Up! 3

Learn about It! 7

Let’s Practice 10

Check Your Understanding 18

Key Points 19

Bibliography 20
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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Lesson 10.4
Arc Length, Sectors, and Segments

Fig. 1. Pizza

Introduction
Suppose you are instructed to divide a whole pizza into six equal parts. How do you ensure
that the slices are the same? If you are thinking about using the concept of area, you are
correct. But unlike your previous mathematics lessons about computing areas, the shape of
a pizza slice is a little different. Looking at the surface of the pizza slice, you see that although
it seems close to a triangular figure, you know that it is not triangle in shape.

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

In this lesson, you will learn how to correctly use the different formulas of arc length, sectors,
and segments. You will also solve problems involving arc length and the areas of sectors and
segments.

Test Your Prerequisite Skills

Before you get started, answer the following items on a separate sheet of paper. This will help
you assess your prior knowledge and practice some skills that you will need in studying this
lesson. Show your complete solution.

A. Convert the following angles in degree measure to radians.

a. 30°
b. 96°
c. 150°
d. 126°

DepEd Competencies
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:

● Prove theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed

angles (M10GE-IIc-d-1).

● Solve problems on circles (M10GE-IIf-2).

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

● Correctly determine the formula in finding the area of a sector, the length
of an arc, and the area of a circular segment of a circle.

● Accurately solve for the area of a sector, the length of an arc, and the area
of a circular segment of a circle.

Warm-Up!

Angles as Fractions

Materials
● pen
● paper

Instructions
1. This activity may be done individually.
2. Questions are given below. Write your answers in an answer sheet.
3. There shall be two parts in this activity.

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Part A
a. Below, a circle is shown.

b. What is the formula for the area of the circle shown in terms of its radius?
c. Compared to the circle given in (a), what fraction of the circle is shaded below?

d. Since it is only a fraction of the whole circle, its corresponding area will also be
of the same fraction of the whole circle in (a). How then will you write its area
given its radius?
e. What is the measure of the angle 𝜃 that is subtended by this portion of the
whole circle?

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

f. Notice that the area covered by the shaded region is of the same fraction as
the angle measure over the total number of degrees of a whole circle, which is
360°. Replacing the fraction you used in the formula you answered in (d), this
time using angles for the numerator and denominator, what expression
results?
g. Based on your previous answers, how do you think can you find the area of a
region as shown in the previous figure when the angle it subtends is
arbitrarily assigned as 𝜃?

Part B
a. Below, a circle is shown.

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

b. How do you get the length of the arc of a full circle in terms of its radius, that
is, its circumference?
c. Compared to the circle given in (a), what fraction of the circumference is
thickened below?

d. Since it is only a fraction of the whole circumference, its corresponding length

will also be of the same fraction of the circumference in (a). How then will you
write its length given its radius?
e. What is the measure of the angle 𝜃 that intercepts this arc?

f. Notice that the length covered by the shaded arc is of the same fraction as the
angle subtended over the total number of degrees of an arc for a full circle,
which is 360°. Replacing the fraction you used in the formula you answered in

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

(d), this time using angles for the numerator and denominator, what
expression results?
g. Based on your previous answers, how do you think can you find the length of
an arc when the angle it subtends is arbitrarily assigned as theta?

Learn about It!

Have you eaten a pizza? That pizza may come in circles and it was sliced already when served.
A slice of pizza coming from a circular pizza can be thought of as a sector.

A sector is any region in the circle bounded by two radii of a central angle 𝜃 and the arc
between their endpoints. In Warm Up! Part A, the shaded region is a sector. The sector area
is directly proportional to the radius of the circle and the angle 𝜃 between two radii.

Given a common radius, the sector with a bigger central angle has a bigger area.

The area of a sector is given by the formula:

𝜃
𝐴= (𝜋𝑟 2 ),
360°

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

where 𝜃 is the central angle and 𝑟 is the radius of the circle.

Did you arrive at the same formula for the area of a sector at the end of Warm Up! Part A?

An arc is a portion of the circle’s circumference. In Warm Up! Part B, the thickened portion is
an arc. Like sector area, an arc length depends on the radius of the circle and the angle 𝜃
between the two radii.

Since an arc length 𝑠 is a fractional part of the circumference, the formula for the length of an
arc is given by the formula

𝜃
𝑠= (2𝜋𝑟),
360°

where 𝜃 is the central angle and 𝑟 is the radius of the circle.

Did you arrive at the same formula for the arc length in Warm Up! Part B?

The central angle 𝜃 in some cases is not given in degrees. They are sometimes given in
radians. A radian, approximately equal to 57.3°, is the angle corresponding to an arc length
having the same measure as the radius. So, an angle of two radians is the measure of the
central angle corresponding to an arc length that measures twice the radius, and so on.

Basically, to know how many radians there are in a whole circle, we just divide the
circumference 2𝜋𝑟 by 𝑟. Now, we know that for every 360°, there are 2𝜋 radians.

2𝜋 radians = 360°
𝜋 radians = 180°

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

180°
1 radian =
𝜋

180° 𝜋
So, in order to convert an angle in radians to degrees, divide it by or multiply it by .
𝜋 180°

Now, if the given angle is in radians, the formula for the arc length will be 𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃 and the area
1
of the sector will be 𝐴 = 𝑟 2 𝜃.
2

A circular segment is a portion of a circle bounded by a chord of a circle and the arc bounded
by the two endpoints of the chord.

To find the area of a circular segment, we use the following formula:

1
𝐴 = 𝑟 2 (𝜃 − sin 𝜃)
2

If a calculator is at hand, you can find the value of the sine of the angle. But in this discussion,
the value of sin 𝜃 is given.

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Essential Question
How do you solve for the area of a sector and the circular segment of a circle?

Let’s Practice
Example 1
If 𝜃 = 45° and 𝑟 = 5 ft, find the area of the sector as well as the length of the arc bounded by
the sector.

Solution
Step 1: Find the area of the sector.

Substitute the given values into the formula.

𝜃
𝐴= (𝜋𝑟 2 )
360°
45°
𝐴= (𝜋52 )
360°
1
𝐴 = (𝜋25)
8
𝟐𝟓𝝅 𝟐
𝐴= 𝐟𝐭
𝟖

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Step 2: Find the length of the arc bounded by the sector.

Substitute the values into the formula.

𝜃
𝑠= (2𝜋𝑟)
360°
45°
𝑠= (2)(𝜋)(5)
360°
1
𝑠 = (10)(𝜋)
8
𝟓
𝑠 = 𝝅 𝐟𝐭
𝟒

Try It Yourself!
If 𝜃 = 40° and 𝑟 = 13 ft, find the area of the sector as well as the length
of the arc bounded by the sector.

Example 2
Find the area of the sector given that the radius is 10 units and the arc length bounded by the
sector is 25 units.

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Solution
Step 1: Use the formula for the arc length.

𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃
25 = 10(𝜃)
25
𝜃=
10
𝜃 = 2.5 radians

Step 2: Find the area of the sector.

1
𝐴 = 𝑟2𝜃
2
1
𝐴 = (10)2 (2.5)
2
𝐴 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐬𝐪. 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬

Try It Yourself!
Find the area of the sector given that the radius is 19 units and the arc
length bounded by the sector is 57 units.

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Example 3
Find the area of the shaded region in the diagram. (sin 𝜃 = 0.9975).

Solution
Step 1: Solve for the 𝜃 in radians using the arc length formula.

𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃
𝑠
𝜃=
𝑟
15
𝜃=
10
𝜃 = 1.5 radians

Step 2: Use the formula for the area of a circular segment.

1
𝐴 = 𝑟 2 (𝜃 − sin 𝜃)
2
1
𝐴 = (10)2 (1.5 − 0.9975)
2
𝐴 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐬𝐪. 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬.

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Try It Yourself!
Find the area of the shaded region in the diagram. (sin 𝜃 = 0.9490).

Real-world Problems
Example 4
A pizza with a diameter of 14” is divided equally into 8 slices. Determine the area of a slice as
well as the length of the arc bounded by the slice

Solution
Note that a pizza slice is like a sector. Thus, we will use the formula for the area of a sector to
find the area of a pizza slice.

Step 1: Find the radius 𝑟.

The radius is half the diameter. Since the diameter is 14”, the radius is 7”.

Step 2: Find the angle 𝜃 covered by a slice.

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Since an entire circle has a measure of 360°, and all slices are equal, then the
angle covered by a slice is 360° ÷ 8 = 45°.

Step 3: Find the area covered by a slice.

Since a slice is in the shape of a sector, we shall use the formula for the area of
a sector.
𝜃
𝐴= (𝜋𝑟 2 )
360°
45°
𝐴= (𝜋)(72 )
360°
𝟒𝟗
𝐴= 𝝅 𝐬𝐪. 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬
𝟖

Step 4: Find the length of the arc bounded by the sector determined by the slice.

Using the formula for the length of an arc, we have.

𝜃
𝑠= (2𝜋𝑟)
360°
45°
𝑠= (2)(𝜋)(7)
360°
1
𝑠 = (14)(𝜋)
8
𝟕
𝑠 = 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬
𝟒

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Example 5
A porcelain dish is nearly flat circle. A portion of it cracked and was broken off from the whole
𝜋
as shown in the illustration. Find the area of the portion that broke off. Note: sin 2 = 1.

Solution
Notice that the portion that broke off is a segment. Thus, we use the formula for the area of
a segment

Step 1: Convert the angle to radian measure.

1
The formula for the area of a segment is given by 𝐴 = 2 𝑟 2 (𝜃 − sin 𝜃), however,

𝜃 must be in radian measure.

The angle formed by the segment is 90° as indicated by the figure. We shall
convert this to radians first.

𝜋 90°
90° ( )= 𝜋
180° 180°
1
= 𝜋
2
𝜋
=
2

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors
𝜋
Thus, we shall use 𝜃 = 2 .

Step 2: Find the area of the segment.

Using the formula for the area of a segment, we have

1
𝐴 = 𝑟 2 (𝜃 − sin 𝜃)
2
1 𝜋
𝐴 = (42 ) ( − 1)
2 2
1 𝜋−2
𝐴 = (16) ( )
2 2
𝐴 = 4(𝜋 − 2)
𝐴 = 4𝜋 − 8 sq. inches ≈ 4.56 sq. inches

Therefore, the area of the portion that broke off is approximately 4.56 square inches.

Try It Yourself!
An egg pie with a diameter of 10” is equally divided into 10 slices.
Find the area covered by a slice as well as the length of the arc
bounded by a slice of the pie.

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Check Your Understanding

Answer the following:

1. Identify what is asked.

For a to l, refer to the figure on the right.

a. If 𝑟 = 7 and 𝜃 = 170°, find the area of the shaded region.
b. If 𝑟 = 7 and 𝜃 = 170°, find 𝑠.
c. If 𝑟 = 9 and 𝜃 = 120°, find the area of the shaded region.
d. If 𝑟 = 9 and 𝜃 = 120°, find 𝑠.
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e. If 𝑟 = 6 and 𝜃 = 9
𝜋, find the area of the shaded region.
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f. If 𝑟 = 6 and 𝜃 = 9
𝜋, find 𝑠.

g. If 𝑠 = 15 and 𝑟 = 9, find 𝜃 in radians.

h. If 𝑠 = 15 and 𝑟 = 9, find the area of the shaded region.
i. If 𝑠 = 24 and 𝑟 = 12, find 𝜃 in radians.
j. If 𝑠 = 24 and 𝑟 = 12, find the area of the shaded region.
k. If 𝑠 = 25𝜋 and 𝑟 = 30, find 𝜃 in degrees.
l. If 𝑠 = 25𝜋 and 𝑟 = 30, find the area of the shaded region.

For m to p, refer to the figure on the right.

m. If 𝑠 = 18 and 𝑟 = 12, find 𝜃 in radians.
n. If 𝑠 = 18 and 𝑟 = 12, find the area of the shaded region.
Note: sin 𝜃 = 0.9975.
o. If 𝑠 = 40 and 𝑟 = 30, find 𝜃 in radians.
p. If 𝑠 = 40 and 𝑟 = 30, find the area of the shaded region.

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Note: sin 𝜃 = 0.9719.

2. Solve the following problems.

a. The minute and hour hands of a clock with a diameter of 12 inches form an angle.
If the time is 4:00, find the area of the sector bounded by the angle formed by the
minute and hour hands of a clock as well as the length of the arc this angle
intercepts.
b. Xarles nibbled a portion of a chocolate chip cookie as
represented by the white area in the figure. Find the area of
the cookie nibbled by Xarles.

Key Points

● A radian is an angle corresponding to an arc length having the same measure as the
radius; it is approximately equal to 57.3°.
● A sector is any region in the circle bounded by two radii of a central angle 𝜃 and the
arc between their endpoints.
● An arc is a portion of the circle’s circumference.
● A circular segment is a portion of a circle bounded by a chord of a circle and the arc
bounded by the two endpoints of the chord.

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Grade 10 • Unit 10: Parts of a Circle II: Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors

Bibliography

Stapel, Elizabeth. Purplemath. “Sectors, Areas, and Arcs.” Retrieved 3 May 2019.
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/sectors.htm.

TheDouceHouse. “Finding Arc Length of a Circle”. YouTube video, 9:30. Posted [Feb 2013].
Retrieved 28 May 2019 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lF1Kz6c2r4

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