BRANKO KIRIGIN LATE GNATHIAN: A GLIMPSE AT THE ISSA CASE ANATYIIO ATO TA TIPAKTIKA THE B’ EYNANTHEHE TIA THN EAAHNISTIKH KEPAMEIKH A@HNA 1990LATE GNATHIAN: A GLIMPSE AT THE ISSA CASE" Tt has been, as far as I know, widely accepted that the production of Gnathia pottery ended somewhere around 270 B.C.', although some note that it was in use during the whole 3rd cent. B.C., but without detailed arguments?, Also, it is widely accepted that there existed different centres of production of these kind of vases throughout South Italy and Sicily’. In this paper I have two aims: to provide more data as to indicate that the late Gnathia production continued till the end of the 3rd cent. B.C.; and to demonstrate that at Issa, a Greek colony on the island of Vis in the central part of the east Adriatic coast’, there existed a production centre of Gnathia ware with specific features well into the 2nd and Ist cent. B.C. It is possible to start this discussion due to the fact that although there existed a relatively ‘great number of Gnathia vases from Issa they did not come to us as a result of excavations but have been mostly purchased or collected after the devastation of graves. As there was no con- text and no stratigraphical data, one was bound to discuss them only using comparative mate- rial from abroad. There has been a suggestion that a local production centre existed at Issa. An idea based on the existence of two pottery kilns that have been recorded but, unfortunately, destroyed®. Fortunately, in recent years, rescue excavations (still in progress) which have taken place at Issa at the western cemetery called Martvilo, resulted in the discovery of a number of graves with offerings. They give good bases for a more detailed analysis. ‘1 gratefully acknowledge financial assistance for my participation at this conference at Rhodes from the Archaco- logical Museum at Split and the Department for Archaeology ofthe University of Ljubljana 1. T.BL. Webster, Towards a Clasifiation of Apulian Gnathia, BICS 15 (1968), 4, 8, .R. Green, Some Pain ‘of Gnathia Vases, BICS 15 (1968), 48 and note 2%, LR. Green, Gnathia Addenda, BICS 18 (1971), 30-38; .R, Green, Gnathia Pottery in the Akademisches Kunstmuseum Bonn, Maint 1976, 18, 2. Gnathia, EAA IM, Ronia 1960, 970 (C. Drago}; L. Fort, La ceramica di Gnathia, Napoli 1965, 15. 3. L, Forti, op cit, 109122; IR, Green, Gnathia Pottery in Bona, 14-16; A.D. Tyendall, South Italia Vase Painting, London 1976, 22 4. About the ste and a general bibliography see: N. Camb, B. Kirigin and. Marin, Excavations at Isa, Island of Vis, Yugoslavia 1976, 1979 - A Preliminary Report, RAA & (1980), 81-12. 5, Ihave already proposed this idea in IEEA 83, 10, where Ihave suggested chat after Hannibal's operations in south Italy some potters and painters could have moved to Issa and continued to work. See the same in IZEA 86,27. 6M. Abramié, Arbeolota istezivania gréke kolonie [sana otoku Vis, Letopis Jugoslavenske akademijezna ost i umjetnosti 55 (1949), 13; G. Novak, Issa isjska drdava VAHD 55, $9.0; G. Novak, Vis I, Zagreb 1961, 5%: L Fort, opeit, 153, 58YY” BRANKO KIRIGIN [As we shall see, the task is not an easy one and I welcome any help. The greatest problem, to deal with, is that at Issa graves with one burial are an extremely rare feature. Out of ¢. 50 kenown graves, only one of this kind has been excavated’. Predominant are graves, or chambers, with more than two burials, usually three to five 9, so it is evident that even if we have coins for dating, we cannot be certain with which burial the coins were associated, or with what roup of offerings. It is also very probable that with every burial a group of offerings was put into the grave!®, and, for instance, if we have in a grave four adult burials (children are buried separately) itis probable that the four of them have not been buried at the same time and that wwe have to expect a chronological sequence between the first and the last burial!!. Grave no. 3, excavated in 1976, is indicative for the start of our discussion!2, It contained four adult burials, thirty-one vessels (one lamp and one lid), four iron strigili and two silver coins. One of them is 4 coin of Heracleia in Lucania dated in 350-330 B.C. and the other one is a Roman Republican coin dated by Crawford in 211-208 B.C. Even at the first glance, it is evident that most vases in this grave do not belong to the last phase of classical Gnathia production (300-270 B.C.)!9 and also that the rest of the vases show that they do not belong to the 4th cent, B.C. ‘The carliest vases from this grave could be the bottle with net-pattern decoration (no. 27), a skyphos (no, 18) and an oinochoe (no. 10), which could belong to the late Gnathia and also the black-glazed unguentaria (nos 6 and 7) and skyphos (no. 25). All comparative material shows that they cannot be earlier than the beginning of the 3rd cent. B.C.!4. The latest vases from this grave could be the elegant black-glazed skyphoi (nos 3, 16 and 32), the very strange red-figured lebes gamikos (no. 30) and the oinochoe (no. 22) which should be of Greck origin of the late 3rd cent. B.C.!5. The small red-figured lekanis (no. 4), the three small stamnoi (nos 5, 11 atid 20), the black-glazed oinochoe (no. 37) and the pelike (no. 15) which have the same 7. his the grave no. 22 excavated in 1980, CF. B, Kirigin and E. Marin, Issa 80, VAHD 78 (1985), 47-48, ig. 1, pl VII. The English version ofthis paper i published in SAA 5, Leoce 1988, 130-131, Tav. 19-22a, 6 and 28. These are ‘over cight tombstones from this cemetery which have only one name, ef op.eit, 62.72 and 143-187. 8. Most ofthe tombstones from this cemetery have more than one name, sometimes even ten, opt. (note 7), 61 62, 69-70, and 11-13, 145-146 Gin Sala). 9. See the statistical table in B. Kisigin, Greeks in Central Dalmatia; Some New Evidence, Proceedings ofthe First. Australian Congress of Classical Archaeology (Greek Colonists and Native Populations), Sydney, 8-14 July 1985, forthcoming. 10. B. Kirigin, onc, 11. Some inscriptions indicate families: father and mother, their sons and daughters or wives of sons. 1Z.N, Cambi, B. Kirgin, . Mari, op.cit, 8485, figs 1-4, 7. The Croatian version of this paper is published in VAHD 75 (1981), 6-83 1 Under elasscal Gaathia production 1 understand the vases classified by Webster and Green, ee note 1 14, CE, Gi or di Taranto in ea llenistica (Catalogue ofthe Exhibition), Milano 1985, 432, no. 18 (bottle); G.R. Edwards, Corinthian Hellenistic Pottery, Corinth VII, Part IIL, Princeton'1975, 70, no. 331 (Skyplos); L, Forti, Gli langucntari del primo perodo ellenistco, Rend. Ace. Nap. XXXVI (1962), ISI (anguenta. 15, For this information [am grateful .o Peter Callaghan with whom T was in correspondence in 1983 concerning some problems with thie grave group, Ina letter dated 202.1983 he wrote: "Many thanks for your interesting offprint fon the Issa tomb groupe. I am especially interested in no. 2 of your earlier grave group (igs 6 and 7). This sin fact ‘ot Gnathian but Greek and goes best with Macedonian groups which Ihave seen in the Museum at Thessaloniki. 1 ‘would have placed it slightly later than the early third century date suggested by the coins and the South Kalan pottery from the same grave, but it could, suppose, be among the latest offerings inthe tomb. There are no published controls for Macedonian Hellenistic pottery, but even s0 I would suppose your no. 22 to belong tothe latest 3nd. B.C. 59BRANKO KIRIGIN decoration, all look very odd; T cannot offer a good suggestion for their provenance, but the shape and decoration indicate that they should also be from the 3rd cent. B.C. |AS we have seen we have at least four different production styles in this grave: Gnathia, black-glazed, red-figured and a vase from Northern Greece. Predominant are Gmathia vases — 14 of them. The shape and decoration of these vases show that most of them do not belong to the classical Gnathia production which was defined by Webster and Green'® ‘Another grave (no. XIV) from this cemetery, found in 1955, unfortunately was not exca- vated by archaeologists (and thus has no reliable documentation): Here among the six oino- choai, two are certainly of the last phase of the classical Gnathia production, one of them (inv no, Fb 1777) belonging to the Alexandria Group dates from the first quarter of the 3rd cent. B.C."7, The rest of the vases are similar to those already mentioned from grave no. 3. Among them are, again, two oinochoai with the oval shape and a thin neck for which I could not find parallels in Ttaly. There are at Ieast ten of them from Issa (Pl. 27a) and all have a careless but rather rich decoration: birds and ivy, painted white with yellow lines. One of them was found in grave no. 24 excavated in 1980!8, which has three adult burials and with vases similar to the ‘ones in grave no, 3. Although three types of clay were used in the production of the Gnathia vases from grave no, 24 we can attribute them to one workshop. I have already mentioned in another paper that the offerings in this grave should be dated in the 3rd cent. B.C. and that they are of some peripheral workshop (Canosa?)!, If we try to analyse the Gnathia pottery from graves nos 3, XIV, and 24, we can generally conclude that from the early 3rd cent. B.C. we have imports of classical Gnathia production of the late period and that with them, or, more probably, after them, we have at Issa, throughout the 3rd cent. B.C., a production of Gnathia pottery which has a rather degenerated decoration and shapes not so clegant as those of the classical production. Tam most grateful to John R. Green who has suggested (pers. comm. some 9 years ago) that these vessels “are very closely attached to Canosan workshop of the early part of the 3rd cent, B.C., so closely that I wonder if they are not in fact Canosan. If you can tell me that the clay must be local, then it would be tempting to suppose a migrant since the tradition is clear and continuous. Canosan material is not at all well published”. Well, I cannot say that the clay is local and, as I have mentioned, on the examples of vases from grave no. 24, there are at least three types of clay. Also a relatively great number of these vases which have no parallel from Italy, could indicate that after 270 B.C. and till the end of the century (which is suggested by 16. See note | 17. B. Kirigin, Zapatania o hellenistiko) nekropol Tsse, Materiali XX, 95 ig. 4 (vummary in English: Observa- tions on the Hellenistic necropolis at les, 102-104). After the publication of thi paper Ihave found new documents ‘concerning the rescue excavations in 1955, From i, itis evident that the grave number is XIV not XIT and thatthe position ofthis grave is distant from the wester line ofthe soccer field 3.2 m and that its northwest corner is 10.8 m from the southeast corner of grave no, IV. It had thirty five vases and two iron stig, but as on PL. 8b in my paper only twenty one vases have been preserved, Its not knovin how many burials have been in this rave. Also its evident that still some documentation is missing. The cinachoe of the Alexandeia Group isthe second one from right on the top row on Pl 28. 18. B, Kirign, E. Marin, opi. (note 7), $0-82, pl. IX, 13; B. Kirigin, E. Marin, opcit. (note 7, Sd), 132-134, Tay, 268 and b, 26/1, 90.13 19. B, Kirgin E, Matin, octBRANKO KIRIGI e the Republican coin in grave no. 3) we have a group of vases which follow the characteristics of Gnathia classical production. Whether these vases are the product of a local Isseian workshop or were imported from Canosa is a matter of further study. One must be also very cautious as ‘ we at Issa have only four shapes that represent this production; oinochoai (Pls. 27b-c, 28a-b), > pelikai (PI. 29a), skyphoi and, very rarely, small one-handled jugs. These are the favorite shapes at Issa next to unguentaria and small stamnoi to be found as offerings in adult burials. All : other shapes, even of Gnathia production, are rare®, 2 Right next to grave no. 3 but some 50cm on a higher level grave no, 14 was excavated in 197921, It is of the same construction as grave no. 3 and in it there were four adult burials with 27 vases (two lids and a lamp), two iron strigili and an iron nail. No coins were found. Stratigraphically speaking, this grave should be later than no. 3 so the pottery should be of a later date too, There are vases that can go with the Gnathia vases from grave no. 3 like the skyphos (no. 12) and the oinochoe (no. 18), and maybe pelike no. 10. The unguentarium (no. 16) is of black-glazed production of the 3rd cent. B.C. and also the lamp (no. 20) which seems to be imported. All other vases show distinctive features and among them are vases with cle- ments of Gnathia ware. The oinochoai (nos 1 and 6) have a high and narrow ring base, tall necks and round handles which run over the narrow mouth. They are ribbed, black-glazed and have a decoration in white (mostly visible only as a negative contour). On oinochoe no. | on the neck there are two incised lines and two painted lines and above them, short slanting lines. Below there is a stylized hanging scarf and on the belly line there are triangles and in them ovals surrounded with dots and three dots between triangles. On the neck of the no. 6 there is ‘4 motif of two painted lines surrounded by short slanting lines between two incised and painted lines. In the central zone there is a panel with a bird, and on the belly band there is a zig-zag line with a fleur-de-lys motif. On the other oinochoai of this shape (PI. 27b-c) found at the same site we have diminishing rectangles, checker-boards and cross-hatches as decorative motifs, sometimes combined with ivy garlands, cgg and dot with three dots below or a fleur-de-lys motif, birds, dolphins, florals and pendant chains, and rarely also plastic decorations on top of the handle22. This combination of shape and decoration is, as far as I am aware, unique in Hellenistic pottery. The shape is of Gnathia origin and the dominant motif are of the “West- Slope” repertoire. Another shape of oinochoai (Pl. 28a-b) also bears the same motifs (except figural ones), These have a more squat body and have a flat handle which ends in a point, a high neck and a natrow base which is similar to the ones on pelikai and skyphoi. They come in ribbed and unribbed variants and probably derive from oinochoai made in bronze?3. The pelikai also ap- pear in two variants: ribbed and unribbed, with narrow and high necks and with less decorative motifs (Pl. 29a). These also go with the skyphoi which are slightly squeczed under the handles ‘ 20. B. Kirigin, op.cit. (note 9). 21, N. Cambi, B. Kirigin, E. Marin, p.ct (notes 4 and 12), fig. 1. The osteologcal analysis made tater than the Preliminary report of these excavations has show that inthis grave there were found four burials instead of six a we I ated inthe paper Opeeit (note 4), fg. 11 and op.cit. (note 12) 23, IEEA 43,18 fig. 18; IEA 86, 38, no. 275. pl XY, 6BRANKO KIRIGIN and have decorations similar to those attributed to the Canosan workshop” (PI. 29b-c). It is interesting to note that all these shapes which have Gnathia tradition are also produced in gray clay but without ribbing and painted motifs. They are sometimes black-glazed and sometimes have incisions as decorative motifs. They also are made without any decoration or glaze in pale ‘brown clay. In these two categories of clay (gray and pale brown) appear other shapes which are not represented among the vases of the Gnathia tradition (i.e. guttus, small stamnos, un- guentarium, small bowl, relief moulded bow!)?5. [As to the dating of this group the coin evidence suggests @ 2nd cent. B.C. and early Ist cent. B.C. date. In grave no. III, excavated in 1955, which had two burials, a silver denarius of the Roman Republic was found, dated by Crawford to 125 B.C.6, In grave no. IV which five burials, also excavated in 1955, a silver victoriatus of the Roman Republic was found, dated by Crawford to 211-208 B.C.27. From grave Va which had two burials and was also excavated in 1955, a Roman Republic quinarius is dated to 97 B.C. Although the documenta- tion of the graves excavated in 1955 is, unfortunately, incomplete, and each grave contains more than one adult burial, the coin and the context analysis (still not made in detail) suggest that this group should be dated to the 2nd and the early part of the Ist cent. B.C. It looks as if at Issa local production dominated at this time and that the imports are rare and from North- ‘west Greece®, in comparison to the 4th and 3rd cent. B.C, when most of the vases at Issa were imported from South and Northern Italy®. CONCLUSION I suggest that at Issa we have four stages of Gnathia pottery. The first stage would be the very few vases of the middle Gnathia pottery’! which are dated by Green to the late 4th cent. B.C. (340-315). The second stage is represented by the imported late Gnathia pottery, present at Issa in a 24, M, Bernardini, Vasi dello tile di Gnathi, Vasia vernice nera, Bai (n.d), Tav. 19, nos 6, 8, and 10, The CCanosan Group has been separated by JR. Green. It includes his PRP Group (BICS 18, 7-38), and Grathia Potery in Bonn, pl. 23 28, IDEA 86, 8-30, nos 119-158. 26. Unpublished, In B. Kirigin, opt (note 17), 92, have mentioned that it existed but that it is missing. It was recently found during the revision of the material excavated in 1955. For the date of the coin see M.H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage, Cambridge 1974, 210/1, p. 293, 27, Published by M. Nikolanci, Helenstcka nekropolaIsse, VAHD 63-64 (1969) 85 (summary in French. I could not find it during the revision, For the date of the coin see M.H. Crawford, op.ct, 90/2, p. 181 28. Unpublished. In B. Kirigin, opcit (note 17), 9§ the preliminary inventory ist made in 1955 indicated that @ «coin existed, It was found during the revision. For the date ofthe coin see M.H. Crawford, op.cit, 33, p. 332. 29, For the published material see Z, Rapanis, Helenstithi grob sprilozima u Visu, VAHD 62 (1967), 37-43, pl THEY (summary in French). In this grave we have vases of local Iseian production of Gnathia tradition. 30, B. Kirti, Tipovihelenistidkih posuda na tlu Jugoslavije in KELTOI Catalogue ofthe Exhibition), Ljubljana 1984, £2.84 fig. 25, nos 1, 2, and 6; [2A $6, 21-27, nos 28-105 (except nos 72-76) 31. B. Kirin, A Lekythos of the Group of Dunedin from Iss, AJug 16 (1979), 17-19 32. IR, Green, op.it. (nate 1). 2BRANKO KIRIGIN considerably larger number of vases which mostly belong to the Alexandria Group™, These are to be dated to the early 3rd cent. B.C. Within this stage we have few vases which have all the characteristics of Gnathia ware but decorative motifs (ie. ivy, grapes, florals, sprays, pendants) are painted with clay in very thick layers (Pl. 30a). The third stage is represented by a more numerous group which could be local or from Canosa in Northern Apulia, Although it needs to be studied in more detail, from the evidence that I have presented it could be dated in the middle and late part of the 3rd cent. B.C. (270- 210). The clay of this group is not the same; it does not differ much from the clay of the next group (these observations are made on the base of visual identification only) (Pl. 306-<), The fourth stage is represented by much more numerous vases which I would call Isseian Gnathia ware3S. The specific shapes and decorations of oinochoai, pelikai and skyphoi clearly indicate a mixture of Gnathia and West-Slope pottery, a mixture which represents new ceramic achievements. The production should be roughly dated to the 2nd and the Ist cent. B.C. from the coin evidence, Of course, this is just a sketch of the problems and future study will, no doubt, provide a ‘more accurate picture. 32. For the published material du Jugostavije, Novi Sad 1981, 2 ro. 45, 434, That this material feom Issa should be from Canosa is indiated by J.R. Green, More Grathian Pottery in Bonn, AA 1977, 563, The published material would be nest to the one from graves 3, XIV, and 24 in L. Forti, La ceramica di Gnathia, Napoli 1965, 183-185, pl. XXXVI a, d, Her eon this plates ot feom Isa but from Laeeo (cf. M. Bernandini, opeit. (note 24, pl. 43, 2; P. Lisitar, Conn sulla ceramica antics, Aug 16 (1973), pl. 10, no. 30 (rom Farop), pl 13 no. 43 (from Issa), IEEA $6, 24 nos $1-62, p. 30.32 nos 163, 170,172,174, 176, 178, 180,185, 188-190, 195, 197,198 438, The published material: P.Lisgor, opi, pl. 17, b and c; SEA 86 209, 21,216,219, and 211, and the vases from graves mentioned in this paper. B, Kirigin, Tri temtarske maske na Gnathia vazama iz Vies, Antik teatar na 236 (summary in English); B. Kirgin, opi. (note 30), 85, fig. 25, 1 IEEA 86, 23, 28 nos 106-118, p. 32-33 nos 200,208, 6BRANKO KIRIGIN SUMMARY CATALOGUE 1. (PL. 27a) Oinochoe inv. no. 18, Collection at Vis. H. 25 em. On top of handle a rosette in white. On the neck first running ivy, below it a bird between floral motifs and next to them dotted lines, In the front panel a bird. Unpublished. 2. (PI. 27b-c) Oinochoe inv. no. Fb 1391 from Issa in the Archaeological Museum at Split. H. 30 cm. On the neck checkerboard between diminishing rectangles — all incised. Below white and red ovuli between fleurs-de-lys mostly preserved in negative. In the front panel maybe a bird. On the belly band horizontal lines with dots preserved in negative only. Unpublished. 3. (PI. 28a) Oinochoe inv. no. Fb 1390 from Issa in the Archaeological Museum at Split. H. 30 cm. On the neck checkerboard between diminishing rectangles — all incised. In the ‘checkerboard rosettes in turns preserved in negative. Above and below painted lines pre- served in negative. Below incised ovuli (eggs) with three painted dot motifs. On the shoulder five panels divided with double lines all preserved in negative. Unpublished. 4, (PL. 28b) Oinochoe inv, no, Fb 1388 from Issa in the Archaeological Museum at Split. H. 29 em, On the neck below three white lines checkerboard with white and dotted places in turns between diminishing rectangles. Below it three white lines with ovuli (eggs) and three dots. On the shoulder five panels divided with double lines between two incised lines, Published: ISEA 86, 28, no. 11S. 5. (Pl. 29a) Pelike inv. no. Fb 1762 from Issa in the Archaeological Museum at Split, H. 22 ‘em, On the neck a red line, below a thick line with short slanting lines on top. Above the ribs short slanting lines in red, Partly reconstructed. Unpublished. 6. (PL. 296) Skyphos inv. no. Fb 1146 from Issa in the Archaeological Museum at Split. H. 12 cm, Handles partly preserved. On the neck two horizontal white lines, then a row of small vertical lines, then again two horizontal lines. Below, where the ribs start a red line and below two white lines. White paint preserved mostly in negative. Unpublished. 7. (Pl. 29c) Skyphos inv. no. $8, Collection at Vis. H. 11,5 cm. On the neck two horizontal lines, then small slanting lines and three horizontal lines below. Unpublished. 8, (PI, 30a) Oinochoe inv. no. Fb 1442 from Issa in the Archacological Museum at Split. H. 32 em. On the neck vine leaves with grapes. Below on a incised line florals separated with three dot motifs, On the belly-band between two incised lines running ivy. Top of handle painted white with a clay slip. Unpublished. 9. (Pl. 30b) Oinochoe inv. no. Fb 1696 from Issa in the Archaeological Museum at Split. On the neck a red line between a double and a single white line. In front a white owl with lines in clay colour between sprays and vertical wavy lines with circles, A red line where the ribs start. In the front panel a bird in white with clay colour lines. On the belly-band a wide red line between thin white ones. Published: ZEA 86, 24, no. 59. 10, (PL. 30¢) Pelike inv. no. Fb 1430 from Issa in the Archaeological Muscum at Split. H. 19,5 4BRANKO KIRIGIN em. A: On the neck yellow dots then three alternating white and red lines, then a white wavy line with checks and ovuli, then two white lines, @ red line, and two white lines again, Below, white waves, then three white lines. A red line where the ribs’ start. In the front panel a bird with open wings in white with yellow (clay). On the belly-band between red lines astragal motifs. B: Red line between white lines then again the same but with rows of leaves. In the panel a bitd. On bottom of handles below two white lines, white dots. Unpublished. KIRIGIN BRANKO Arheoloski Muzej Zrinsko-Frankopanska 25, ‘58000 Spit, Jugoslavya ABBREVIATIONS BICcs Bulletin of the Institute of Clasical Studies, London. TEA 83 IEEA - otok Vis ¥ helensticko doba, Split 1983 (Catalogue of the Exhibition). IEA 86 BEA - ofok Vis v helenizmu, Narodni mue) v Lublin, Ljubljana 1986 (Catalogue ofthe Ex hibition). MATERIJALI XX Sahranjvanje pokojniks sa aspekta ekonomskih i druitvenih kreanjia w praistorji antic Mostar 21-23. X 1980, avez atheolotkih druftava Jugosavie, Beograd 1985 RAA Rivista di Archeologia, Roma-Venera. saa ‘Studi di Anticbit, Lee. VAHD ‘Yjesmk za arheologijv | historjv Dalmatinsku, Spi 652 “16E1 da “OU “Aur “essy wosy SoyDOUID poggryr 4 ‘g] “OU -AU!“esS] Wio4s 2oyDOWIO pogay “e NIDIIN ONNVAENIDRIIY ONVUE ‘BRET 941 ‘0U “AU! “es5] wio1y a0y2oumo pogguun “a ‘D6ET a “OU “AU! “essy wo4y aoysoUID poggry 'v«a. Ribbed pelike from Issa, inv. no. Fb 1762, b. Ribbed skyphos from Issa, inv. no Fb 1146, ‘ Unribbed skyphos from Issa, inv. 20. 58. BRANKO KIRIGIN‘DEPT a “OU “Au “essy wo4y 24K! poggiy > 9 CHL A “Ow “sur ‘essq oxy soYDOU!O Poagn "e NIOIUIA OXNVEL