PHYSICS

(COURSE-PHY0533101)
LECTURE-10
Fatema Elora
22nd February 2023
TOPICS

• ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
• MAGNETIC FLUX
• FARADAY’S LAW
• LENZ’S LAW
• INDUCTOR AND INDUCTANCE
• INDUCTANCE OF A SOLENOID
• SELF INDUCTION
• MUTUAL INDUCTION

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ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

The process of producing induced electromotive force and

induced current in a closed loop of wire with the help of moving
magnet or a current carrying circuit is called electromagnetic
induction.

Example: consider a conducting loop connected with an ammeter. Now if we move a bar
magnet toward the loop, a current suddenly appears in the circuit. The current disappears
when the magnet stops. If the magnet moves away , a current suddenly again appears, but now
in the opposite direction Here a current appears only if there is relative motion between the
loop and magnet and current disappears when the relative motion between them ceases

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MAGNETIC FLUX

Suppose a loop enclosing an area A is placed in a

magnetic field 𝐵. Magnetic flux though the loop

ΦB=∫ B. dA

If magnetic field is perpendicular to the area the angle between B and

dA is 0o

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FARADAY’S LAW

The magnitude of the emf ε in a conducting loop is equal to the rate at which magnetic flux
ΦBthrough the loop changes with time.

ε=- [minus sign indicate that ε tends to oppose the flux change ]

If the number of turns of the coil is N, then total magnetic flux

ε=-N

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LENZ’S LAW

An induced current or emf has direction such that the

magnetic field due to the current opposes the change in
the magnetic field that induces the current .

Example : the approach of the magnet’s

north pole increases the magnetic field in
the loop and there by induces current in
the loop. Here this loop acts as a magnetic
dipole with a south pole and north pole
and that its magnetic dipole moment 𝜇
points from south to north. Loop’s north
pole (and thus 𝜇) repel the approaching
north pole.

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INDUCTOR AND INDUCTANCE

An inductor is a device that stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current
flows through the inductor’s coil. We use solenoid as an inductor.

If we establish a current i in the coil of an inductor, the current produces a magnetic

flux 𝜑 through the inductor , the inductance of the inductor is then

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INDUCTANCE OF A SOLENOID
Consider a long solenoid of cross-sectional area A and consider a length l near the middle of
the solenoid. The flux linked with this section of solenoid

[n is the number of turns per unit length]

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SELF INDUCTION

An induced emf ε appears in any coil in which the

current is changing. If a current i in a coil (circuit)
change with time, an emf is induced in the coil. Then this
induced emf will be
( )
ε =-

⇒ ε =-L [Nφ = Li]

The direction of ε found from Lenz’s law L is self-inductance . The self induced emf acts to
oppose the change that produces it.

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MUTUAL INDUCTION

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THANK YOU

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