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Differential Calculus > Chapter 3 - Applications > Maxima and Minima | Applications > Application of Maxima and Minima >
01 - 04 Number Problems in Maxima and Minima
Problem 1
What number exceeds its square by the maximum amount?
Solution 1
Click here to show or hide the solution
Let
x = the number and
x2 = the square of the number
y = the difference between x and x2
2
y = x − x
′
y = 1 − 2x = 0
x =
1
2
answer
Problem 2
What positive number added to its reciprocal gives the minimum sum?
Solution 2
Let
x = the required positive number and
1/x = the reciprocal of the number
y = sum of x and 1/x
y = x + 1/x
−1
y = x + x
′ −2
y = 1 − x = 0
x = 1 answer
Problem 3
The sum of two numbers is k. Find the minimum value of the sum of their squares.
Solution 3
Let
x and y = the numbers
1
z = sum of their squares
k = x + y
y = k − x
2 2
z = x + y
2 2
z = x + (k − x)
dz/dx = 2x + 2(k − x)(−1) = 0
2x − k = 0
1
x = k
2
1
y = k − k
2
1
y = k
2
1 2 1 2
z = ( k) + ( k)
2 2
1 2
z = k
2
Problem 4
The sum of two numbers is k. Find the minimum value of the sum of their cubes.
Solution 4
Let
x and y = the numbers
z = sum of their cubes
k = x + y
y = k − x
3 3
z = x + y
3 3
z = x + (k − x)
2 2
dz/dx = 3x + 3(k − x) (−1) = 0
2 2 2
x − (k − 2kx + x ) = 0
1
x = k
2
1
y = k − k
2
1
y = k
2
1 3 1 3
z = ( k) + ( k)
2 2
1 3
z = k
4
Tags: Maxima and Minima
‹ Application of Maxima and Minima up 05 - 08 Number Problems in Maxima and Minima ›
2
05 - 08 Number Problems in Maxima and Minima
Problem 5
The sum of two positive numbers is 2. Find the smallest value possible for the sum of the cube of one number and the square of the other.
Solution 5
Let x and y = the numbers
x + y = 2 → Equation (1)
′
1 + y = 0
′
y = −1
z = x
3
+ y
2
→ Equation (2)
2 ′
dz/dx = 3x + 2y y = 0
2
3x + 2y(−1) = 0
3 2
y = x
2
From Equation (1)

3 2
x + x = 2
2
2
2x + 3x = 4
2
3x + 2x − 4 = 0
x = 0.8685 & − 1.5352
Use
x = 0.8685
3 2
y = (0.8685 )
2
y = 1.1315
3 2
z = 0.8685 + 1.1315
z = 1.9354 answer
Problem 6
Find two numbers whose sum is a, if the product of one to the square of the other is to be a maximum.
Solution 6
3
Let x and y = the numbers
x + y = a
x = a − y
2
z = xy
2
z = (a − y)y
2 3
z = ay − y
2
dz/dy = 2ay − 3y = 0
2
y = a
3
2
x = a − a
3
1
x = a
3
The numbers are 1/3 a, and 2/3 a. answer
Problem 7
Find two numbers whose sum is a, if the product of one by the cube of the other is to be a maximum.
Solution 7
Let x and y the numbers
x + y = a
x = a − y
3
z = xy
3
z = (a − y)y
3 4
z = ay − y
2 3
dz/dy = 3ay − 4y = 0
2
y (3a − 4y) = 0
3
y = 0 (absurd) and a (use)
4
3
x = a − a
4
1
x = a
4
The numbers are 1/4 a and 3/4 a. answer
Problem 8
Find two numbers whose sum is a, if the product of the square of one by the cube of the other is to be a maximum.
Solution 8
Let x and y the numbers
x + y = a
′
1 + y = 0
y = −1
2 3
z = x y
2 2 ′ 3
dz/dx = x (3y y ) + y (2x) = 0
′
3x y + 2y = 0
3x(−1) + 2y = 0
2
x = y
3
2
y + y = a
4
3
5
y = a
3
3
y = a
5
2 3
x = ( a)
3 5
2
x = a
5
The numbers are 2/5 a and 3/5 a. answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima
‹ 01 - 04 Number Problems in Maxima and Minima up 09 - 11 Rectangular Lot Problems in Maxima and Minima ›
5
09 - 11 Rectangular Lot Problems in Maxima and Minima
Problem 9
What should be the shape of a rectangular field of a given area, if it is to be enclosed by the least amount of fencing?
Solution 9
Area:
A = xy
′
0 = xy + y
′
y = −y/x
Perimeter:
P = 2x + 2y
′
dP /dx = 2 + 2y = 0
1 + (−y/x) = 0
y = x (a square) answer
Problem 10
A rectangular field of given area is to be fenced off along the bank of a river. If no fence is needed along the river, what is the shape of the rectangle
requiring the least amount of fencing?
Solution 10
Area:
A = xy
′
0 = xy + y
′
y = −y/x
Perimeter:
P = x + 2y
′
dP /dx = 1 + 2y = 0
1 + 2(−y/x) = 0
1
y = x
2
width = ½ × length answer
6
Problem 11
A rectangular lot is to be fenced off along a highway. If the fence on the highway costs m dollars per yard, on the other sides n dollars per yard, find
the area of the largest lot that can be fenced off for k dollars.
Solution 11
Total cost:
k = mx + n(2y + x)
k = mx + 2ny + nx
k − (m + n)x = 2ny
k m + n
y = − x
2n 2n
Area:
A = xy
k m + n
A = x( − x)
2n 2n
k m + n
2
A = x − x
2n 2n
dA k m + n
= − x = 0
dx 2n n
k m + n
= x
2n n
k
x =
2(m + n)
k m + n k
y = − [ ]
2n 2n 2(m + n)
k
y =
4n
k k
A = ×
2(m + n) 4n
2
k
A = yard
2
answer
8n (m + n)
Tags: Maxima and Minima rectangular lot
‹ 05 - 08 Number Problems in Maxima and Minima up 12 - 14 Rectangular Lot Problems in Maxima and Minima ›
7
12 - 14 Rectangular Lot Problems in Maxima and Minima
Problem 12
A rectangular field of fixed area is to be enclosed and divided into three lots by parallels to one of the sides. What should be the relative dimensions
of the field to make the amount of fencing minimum?
Solution 12
Area:
A = xy
′
0 = xy + y
′
y = −y/x
Fence:
P = 2x + 4y
′
dP /dx = 2 + 4y = 0
2 + 4(−y/x) = 0
1
y = x
2
width = ½ × length answer
Problem 13
Do Ex. 12 with the words "three lots" replaced by "five lots".
Solution 13
Area:
A = xy
′
0 = xy + y
′
y = −y/x
Fence:
P = 2x + 6y
′
dP /dx = 2 + 6y = 0
2 + 6(−y/x) = 0
1
y = x
3
width =
1
× length answer
8
3
Problem 14
A rectangular lot is bounded at the back by a river. No fence is needed along the river and there is to be 24-ft opening in front. If the fence along the
front costs $1.50 per foot, along the sides $1 per foot, find the dimensions of the largest lot which can be thus fenced in for $300.
Solution 14
Total cost:
300 = 2y + 1.5(x − 24)
y = 168 − 0.75x
Area:
A = xy
A = x(168 − 0.75x)
2
A = 168x − 0.75x
dA
= 168 − 1.5x = 0
dx
x = 112 ft
y = 168 − 0.75(112)
y = 84 ft
Dimensions: 84 ft × 112 ft answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima rectangular lot
‹ 09 - 11 Rectangular Lot Problems in Maxima and Minima up 15 - 17 Box open at the top in maxima and minima ›
9
15 - 17 Box open at the top in maxima and minima
Problem 15
A box is to be made of a piece of cardboard 9 inches square by cutting equal squares out of the corners and turning up the sides. Find the volume of
the largest box that can be made in this way.
Solution:
2
V = (9 − 2x) x
2 3
V = 81x − 36x + 4x
dV
2
= 81 − 72x + 12x = 0
dx
2
4x − 24x + 27 = 0
Using quadratic formula

a = 4; b = −24; c = 27
−− −−−−−
2
−b ± √b − 4ac
x =
2a
− −−−−−−−−−− −−−
2
−(−24) ± √ (−24) − 4(4)(27)
x =
2(4)
24 ± 12
x =
8
x = 4.5 and 1.5
Use x = 1.5 inches
Maximum volume:
2
V = [ 9 − 2(1.5) ] (1.5)
V = 54 in
2
answer
10
Problem 16
Find the volume of the largest box that can be made by cutting equal squares out of the corners of a piece of cardboard of dimensions 15 inches by
24 inches, and then turning up the sides.
Solution:
V = (24 − 2x)(15 − 2x)x
2 3
V = 360x − 78x + 4x
dV
2
= 360 − 156x + 12x = 0
dx
2
x − 13x + 30 = 0
(x − 10)(x − 3) = 0
x = 10 (meaningless) and 3
Vmax = [ 24 − 2(3) ] [ 15 − 2(3) ] 3
Vmax = 486 in
3
answer
Problem 17
Find the depth of the largest box that can be made by cutting equal squares of side x out of the corners of a piece of cardboard of dimensions 6a,
6b, (b ≤ a), and then turning up the sides. To select that value of x which yields a maximum volume, show that
−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
( a + b + √a − ab + b ) ≥ 3b
Solution:
V = (6a − 2x)(6b − 2x)x
2 3
V = 36abx − 12(a + b)x + 4x
2
dV /dx = 36ab − 24(a + b)x + 12x = 0
2
x − 2(a + b)x + 3ab = 0
A = 1; B = −2(a + b); C = 3ab
−−−−−−−−
2
−B ± √B − 4AC
x =
2A
− −−−−− −− −−−−−−−−−
2
2(a + b) ± √ 4(a + b) − 4(1)(3ab)
x =
2(1)
− −−−−−−−− −−− −−− −−
2 2
2(a + b) ± 2√ (a + 2ab + b ) − 3ab
x =
2
−−−−−−−−−−
2
x = (a + b) + √a − ab + b
2
and
−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
x = (a + b) − √a − ab + b
If a = b:
11
From
−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
x = (a + b) + √a − ab + b
− −−−−−−−−
x = (b + b) + √b 2 − b 2 + b 2
x = 3b (x is equal to ½ of 6b - meaningless)
From
−−−−− −−−−−
x = (a + b) − √a2 − ab + b 2
−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2
x = (b + b) − √b − b + b
x = b okay
−−−−−−−−−−
Use x 2
= a + b − √a − ab + b
2
answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima box
‹ 12 - 14 Rectangular Lot Problems in Maxima and Minima up 18 - 20 Rectangular beam in maxima and minima problems
›
12
18 - 20 Rectangular beam in maxima and minima problems
Problem 18
The strength of a rectangular beam is proportional to the breadth and the square of the depth. Find the shape of the largest beam that can be cut
from a log of given size.
Solution:
Diameter is given (log of given size), thus D is constant
2 2 2
b + d = D
db
2b + 2d = 0
dd
db d
= −
dd b
Strength:
2
S = bd
dS db
2
= b(2d) + d = 0
dd dd
d
2
2bd + d (− ) = 0
b
3
d
2bd =
b
2 2
2b = d
–
d = √2 b
–
depth = √2 × breadth answer
Problem 19
The stiffness of a rectangular beam is proportional to the breadth and the cube of the depth. Find the shape of the stiffest beam that can be cut
from a log of given size.
Solution:
Diameter is given (log of given size), thus D is constant
2 2 2
b + d = D
db
2b + 2d = 0
dd
db d
= −
dd b
13
Stiffness:
3
k = bd
dk db
2 3
= b(3d ) + d = 0
dd dd
d
2 3
3bd + d (− ) = 0
b
4
d
2
3bd =
b
2 2
3b = d
–
d = √3 b
–
depth = √3 × breadth answer
Problem 20
Compare for strength and stiffness both edgewise and sidewise thrust, two beams of equal length, 2 inches by 8 inches and the other 4 inches by 6
inches (See Problem 18 and Problem 19 above). Which shape is more often used for floor joist? Why?
Solution:
Strength, S = bd2
Stiffness, k = bd3
For 2" × 8":

Oriented such that the breadth is 2"
S = 8(22) = 32 in3
k = 8(23) = 64 in4
S = 2(82) = 128 in3
k = 2(83) = 1024 in4
For 4" × 6":

S = 6(42) = 96 in3
k = 6(43) = 384 in4
S = 4(62) = 144 in3
k = 4(63) = 864 in4
2" x 8" is stiffer than 4" x 6" and it is the commonly used size for floor joists. In fact, some local codes required a minimum depth of 8".
Tags: Wood Beam stiffness rectangular beam Maxima and Minima
‹ 15 - 17 Box open at the top in maxima and minima up 21 - 24 Solved problems in maxima and minima ›
14
21 - 24 Solved problems in maxima and minima
Problem 21
Find the rectangle of maximum perimeter inscribed in a given circle.
Solution:
Diameter D is constant (circle is given)
2 2 2
x + y = D
′
2x + 2y y = 0
′
y = −x/y
Perimeter
P = 2x + 2y
′
dP /dx = 2 + 2y = 0
2 + 2(−x/y) = 0
y = x
The largest rectangle is a square. answer
See also the solution using trigonometric function.
Problem 22
If the hypotenuse of the right triangle is given, show that the area is maximum when the triangle is isosceles.
Solution:
2 2 2
x + y = c
′
2x + 2y y = 0
′
y = −x/y
Area:
1
A = xy
2
1 ′
dA/db = [ xy + y] = 0
2
′
xy + y = 0
x(−x/y) + y = 0
2
y = x /y
2 2
15
y = x
y = x
The triangle is an isosceles right triangle. answer
Problem 23
Find the most economical proportions for a covered box of fixed volume whose base is a rectangle with one side three times as long as the other.
Solution:
Given Volume:
$V = x \, (3x) \, y
V = 3x^2 \, y$
2 ′
0 = 3x y + 6xy
′
y = −2y/x
Total Area:
2
AT = 2(3x ) + 2(3xy) + 2(xy)
2
AT = 6x + 8xy
′
dAT /dx = 12x + 8 (xy + y) = 0
12x + 8 [ x(−2y/x) + y ] = 0
12x + 8 [ −2y + y ] = 0
12x = 8y
3
y = x
2
Altitude = 3/2 × shorter side of base. answer
Problem 24
Solve Problem 23 if the box has an open top.
Solution:
Given Volume:
V = x (3x) y
2
V = 3x y
2 ′
0 = 3x y + 6xy
′
y = −2y/x
Area:
2
A = 3x + 2(3xy) + 2(xy)
2
A = 3x + 8xy
′
dA/dx = 6x + 8(x y + y) = 0
6x + 8 [ x(−2y/x) + y ] = 0
6x + 8 [ −2y + y ] = 0
6x = 8y
3
y = x
4
Altitude = 3/4 × shorter side of base. answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima right triangle Circumscribing Circle box rectangle Square
‹ 18 - 20 Rectangular beam in maxima and minima up 25 - 27 Solved problems in maxima and minima ›
problems
16
Problem 25
Find the most economical proportions of a quart can.
Solution:
Volume:
1
2
V = πd h = 1 quart
4
1 dh
2
π [d + 2dh] = 0
4 dd
dh 2h
= −
dd d
Total area (closed both ends):

1 2
AT = 2( πd ) + πd h
4
1 2
AT = πd + πd h
2
dAT dh
= πd + π [d + h] = 0
dd dd
dh
dd + h = 0
dd
2h
d + d (− ) + h = 0
d
d = h
Diameter = height answer
Problem 26
Find the most economical proportions for a cylindrical cup.
Solution:
Volume:
1
2
V = πd h
4
1 dh
2
0 = π [d + 2dh]
4 dd
dh 2h
= −
dd d
17
Area (open one end):
1 2
A = πd + πd h
4
dA dh
1
= πd + π [d + h] = 0
2
dd dd
dh
1
d + d + h = 0
2
dd
2h
1
d + d (− ) + h = 0
2
d
1
d = h
2
r = h
Radius = height answer
Problem 27
Find the most economical proportions for a box with an open top and a square base.
Solution:
Volume:
2
V = x y
2 ′
0 = x y + 2xy
′
y = −2y/x
Area:
2
A = x + 4xy
′
dA/dx = 2x + 4(x y + y) = 0
2x + 4 [ x(−2y/x) + y ] = 0
2x − 8y + 4y = 0
2x = 4y
x = 2y
Aide of base = 2 × altitude answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima box cylinder quart can
‹ 21 - 24 Solved problems in maxima and minima up 28 - Solved problem in maxima and minima ›
18
28 - Solved problem in maxima and minima
Problem 28
The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is P inches. Find the maximum area.
Solution:
Perimeter:
P = 2y + x
′
0 = 2y + 1
′
y = −1/2 = −0.5
Area:
1
A = xh
2
From the figure:

−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
h = √y − 0.25x
Thus,
1
− −−−−−−−−
2 2
A = x√ y − 0.25x
2
′
dA 1 2y y − 0.5x − −−− −−−−−
= [x ( √ y 2 − 0.25x2 )] = 0
− −−−−−−−− +
dx 2 2√ 2
y − 0.25x
2
′ 2
2(xy y − 0.25x ) − −−−−−−−−
2 2
− −−−−−−−− + √ y − 0.25x = 0
2 2
2√ y − 0.25x
−−−− −−−−−
multiply both sides of the equation by √y 2
− 0.25x
2
′ 2 2 2
xy y − 0.25x + y − 0.25x = 0
2 2
xy(−0.5) − 0.5x + y = 0
2 2
y − 0.5xy − 0.5x = 0
2 2
2y − xy − x = 0
Solving for y by quadratic formula: a = 2; b = -x; c = -x2

−− −−−−−
2
−b ± √b − 4ac
y =
2a
− − −−−−−−−−−−
2 2
−(−x) ± √ x − 4(2)(−x )
y =
2(2)
19
−−−−− −−
x ± √x2 + 8x2
y =
4
x ± 3x
y =
4
1
y = x and − x
2
y = -½ x is absurd, thus use y = x
Therefore
P = 2x + x = 3x
1
x = y = P
3
− −− −−−−− −−
h = √ y 2 − 0.25x2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−
1 2 1 1 2
h = √( P) − ( P)
3 4 3
−−−−−−−−−−
1 2 1 2
h = √ P − P
9 36
−−−−−
1 2
h = √ P
12
1
h = P
2√3
1
A = xh
2
1 1 1
Amax = ( P )( P)
2 3 2√3
1 2
Amax = P
12√3
1 √3
2
Amax = ⋅ P
12√3 √3
√3
Amax =
36
P
2
answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima isosceles triangle
‹ 25 - 27 Solved problems in maxima and minima up 29 - 31 Solved problems in maxima and minima ›
20
Problem 29
The sum of the length and girth of a container of square cross section is a inches. Find the maximum volume.
Solution:
a = 4x + y
y = a − 4x
Volume
2
V = x y
2
V = x (a − 4x)
2 3
V = ax − 4x
2
dV /dx = 2ax − 12x = 0
2x (a − 6x) = 0
For 2x = 0; x = 0 (meaningless)
For a - 6x = 0; x = 1/6 a
Use x = 1/6 a
1
y = a − 4( a)
6
1
y = a
3
1 2 1
Vmax = ( a) ( a)
3 3
Vmax =
1
108
a
3
in
3
answer
Problem 30
Find the proportion of the circular cylinder of largest volume that can be inscribed in a given sphere.
Solution:
From the figure:
2 2 2
D = d + h
dh
0 = 2d + 2h
dd
21
dh d
= −
dd h
Volume of cylinder:
1 2
V = πd h
4
dV π dh
2
= [d + 2dh] = 0
dh 4 dd
dh
d + 2h = 0
dd
d
d (− ) + 2h = 0
h
2
d
2h =
h
2 2
d = 2h
–
d = √2 h
–
diameter = √2 × height answer
Problem 31
In Problem 30 above, find the shape of the circular cylinder if its convex surface area is to be a maximum.
Solution:
Convex surface area (shaded area):
A = πdh
dA dh
= π (d + h) = 0
dd dd
dh
d + h = 0
dd
From Solution to Problem 30 above, dh/dd = -d/h

dh
d (− ) + h = 0
dd
2
d
h =
h
2 2
h = d
d = h
diameter = height answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima box cylinder Sphere
‹ 28 - Solved problem in maxima and minima up 32 - 34 Maxima and minima problems of a rectangle
inscribed in a triangle ›
22
32 - 34 Maxima and minima problems of a rectangle inscribed in a triangle
Problem 32
Find the dimension of the largest rectangular building that can be placed on a right-triangular lot, facing one of the perpendicular sides.
Solution:
Area:
A = xy
From the figure:

y b
=
a − x a
b
y = (a − x)
a
b
A = x (a − x)
a
b
2
A = bx − x
a
dA 2b
= b − x = 0
dx a
2b
x = b
a
1
x = a
2
b
1
y = (a − a)
2
a
1
y = b
2
Dimensions: ½ a × ½ b answer
Problem 33
A lot has the form of a right triangle, with perpendicular sides 60 and 80 feet long. Find the length and width of the largest rectangular building
that can be erected, facing the hypotenuse of the triangle.
Solution:
Area:
A = xy
23
By similar triangle:
r 60
cot α = =
x 80
3
r = x
4
s 80
cot β = =
x 60
4
s = x
3
r + y + s = 100
3 4
x + y + x = 100
4 3
25
y = 100 − x
12
Thus,
25
A = x(100 − x)
12
25 2
A = 100x − x
12
dA 50
= 100 − x
12
dx
12
x = 100(
50
x = 24 feet
25
y = 100 − (24)
12
y = 50 feet
Dimensions: 50 ft × 24 ft answer
Problem 34
Solve Problem 34 above if the lengths of the perpendicular sides are a, b.
Solution:
Area:
A = xy
r b
cot α = =
x a
b
r = x
a
s a
cot β = =
x b
a
s = x
b
−− −−−−
2 2
r + y + s = √a + b
b
a −− −−−−
2 2
x + y + x = √a + b
a
b
2 2
a + b −− −−−−
2 2
y + x = √a + b
ab
2 2
−− −−−− a + b
2 2
y = √a + b − x
ab
−− −−−−
2 2 2 2
ab√a + b − (a + b )x
y =
ab
−−−−−−
√a2 + b 2 −− −−−−
2 2
y = (ab − x√a + b )
ab
Thus,
−−−−−−
√a2 + b 2 −− −−−−
2 2
A = x (ab − x√a + b )
ab
24
−−−−−−
√a2 + b 2 −− −−−−
2 2 2
A = (abx − x √a + b )
ab
−−−−−−
dA √a2 + b 2 −− −−−−
2 2
= (ab − 2x√a + b ) = 0
dx ab
−−−−−−
2x√a2 + b 2 = ab
ab
x =
−− −−−−
2 2
2√a + b
−−−−−−
√a2 + b 2 ab −−−−−−
y = (ab − ⋅ √a2 + b 2 )
−− −−−−
ab 2
2√a + b
2
−−−−−−
√a2 + b 2 ab
y = (ab − )
ab 2
−−−−−−
√a2 + b 2 ab
y = ( )
ab 2
−−−−−−
√a2 + b 2
y =
2
Dimensions:
−−−−−−
ab √a2 + b 2
−− −−−−
× answer
2
2√a + b
2 2
Tags: Maxima and Minima right triangle rectangle
25
Problem 35
A page is to contain 24 sq. in. of print. The margins at top and bottom are 1.5 in., at the sides 1 in. Find the most economical dimensions of the
page.
Solution:
Print Area:
(x − 2)(y − 3) = 24
24
y = + 3
x − 2
Page area:
A = xy
24
A = x( + 3)
x − 2
24x
A = + 3x
x − 2
dA (x − 2)24 − 24x(1)
= + 3 = 0
2
dx (x − 2)
−48
+ 3 = 0
2
(x − 2)
2
−48 + 3(x − 2) = 0
− −−−
x = √ 48/3 + 2
x = 6 in
24
y = + 3
6 − 2
y = 9 in
Dimensions: 6 in × 9 in answer
Problem 36
A Norman window consists of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. What shape gives the most light for the given perimeter?
Solution:
Given perimeter:
P = b + 2(h − r) + πr
26
P = b + 2h − 2r + πr
Where:
b = 2r
1
r = b
2
Thus,
1
P = b + 2h − b + πb
2
1
P = 2h + πb
2
dP dh
1
= 2 + π = 0
2
db db
dh
1
= − π
4
db
Light is most if area is maximum:

1 2
A = πr + b(h − r)
2
1 1 2 1
A = π( b) + b(h − b)
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
A = πb + bh − b
8 2
1 2
A = (π − 4)b + bh
8
dA dh
2
= (π − 4)b + b + h = 0
8
db db
1 1
πb − b − πb + h = 0
4 4
h = b
∴ breadth = height answer
Problem 37
Solve Problem 36 above if the semicircle is stained glass admitting only half the normal amount of light.
Solution:
From Solution of Problem 36
dh
1
= − π
4
db
1
r = b
2
Half amount of light is equivalent to half of the area.

1 2
A = πr + b(h − r)
4
1 1 2 1
A = π( b) + b(h − b)
4 2 2
1 2 1 2
A = πb + bh − b
16 2
1 2
A = (π − 8)b + bh
16
dA dh
2
= (π − 8)b + b + h = 0
16
db db
1 1
πb − b − πb + h = 0
8 4
1
−(1 + π)b + h = 0
8
1
h = (1 + π)b
8
height = (1 +
1
8
π) × breadth answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima norman window print area page
‹ 32 - 34 Maxima and minima problems of a rectangle up 38 - 40 Solved problems in maxima and minima ›
inscribed in a triangle
27
Problem 38
A cylindrical glass jar has a plastic top. If the plastic is half as expensive as glass, per unit area, find the most economical proportion of the jar.
Solution:
Volume:
2
V = πr h
dh
2
0 = πr + 2πrh
dr
dh 2πrh
= −
2
dr πr
dh 2h
= −
dr r
Let
m = price per unit area of glass
½ m = price per unit area of plastic
k = total material cost per jar
2 1 2
k = m(2πrh + πr ) + m(πr )
2
3 2
k = 2mπrh + mπr
2
dk dh
= 2mπ (r + h) + 3mπr = 0
dr dr
dh
2 (r + h) + 3r = 0
dr
2h
2 [r (− ) + h] + 3r = 0
r
2h = 3r
3
h = r
2
Height = 3/2 × radius of base answer
Problem 39
A trapezoidal gutter is to be made from a strip of tin by bending up the edges. If the cross-section has the form shown in Fig.
38, what width across the top gives maximum carrying capacity?
Solution:
28
2
b − a
2 2
h + ( ) = a
2
−−−−−−− −− −−
2
(b − a)
h = √a −
2
1 − −−−−−−−− −−
2 2
h = √ 4a − (b − a)
2
Capacity is maximum if area is maximum:

1
A = (b + a)h
2
1 1 − −−−−−−−− −−
2 2
A = (b + a) ( √ 4a − (b − a) )
2 2
− −−−−−−−− −−
A =
1
4
2
(b + a)√ 4a − (b − a)
2
(take note that 'a' is constant)
dA 1 −2(b − a) − −−−−−−−− −−
2 2
= [(b + a) + √ 4a − (b − a) ] = 0
− −−−−−−−− −−
db 4 2
2√ 4a − (b − a)
2
2 2
− −−−−−−−− −− b − a
2 2
√ 4a − (b − a) =
− −−−−−−−− −−
2 2
√ 4a − (b − a)
2 2 2 2
4a − (b − a) = b − a
2 2 2 2 2
4a − b + 2ab − a = b − a
2 2
2b − 2ab − 4a = 0
2 2
b − ab − 2a = 0
(b + a)(b − 2a) = 0
For b + a = 0; b = -a (meaningless)
For b - 2a = 0; b = 2a (ok)
Use b = 2a answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima cylinder cylindrical jar trapezoidal gutter Trapezoid
‹ 35 - 37 Solved problems in maxima and minima up 41 - 42 Maxima and Minima Problems Involving
Trapezoidal Gutter ›
29
41 - 42 Maxima and Minima Problems Involving Trapezoidal Gutter
Problem 41
In Problem 39, if the strip is L in. wide, and the width across the top is T in. (T < L), what base width gives the maximum capacity?
Solution:
2 2
T − a L − a
2
h + ( ) = ( )
2 2
− −−−−−−− −−−−−−− −−
2 2
(L − a) (T − a)
h = √ −
4 4
1 − −−−−−− −−−−−−−−−
2 2
h = √ (L − a) − (T − a)
2
1
−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −−−−−−− −−
h = √L2 − 2La + a2 − T 2 + 2T a − a2
2
1 −−−−−−− −−−−−−−− −−
2 2
h = √L − T − 2(L − T )a
2
Area:
1
A = (a + T )h
2
1 1 −−−−−−− −−−−−−−− −−
2 2
A = (a + T ) ( √L − T − 2(L − T )a)
2 2
− −−−−−− −−−−−−−− −−
A =
1
4
2
(a + T )√ L − T
2
− 2(L − T )a (note that L and T are constant)
dA 1 −2(L − T ) −−−−−−− −−−−−−−− −−

2 2
= [(a + T ) + √L − T − 2(L − T )a] = 0
− −−−−−− −−−−−−−− −−
da 4 2
2√ L − T
2
− 2(L − T )a
−−−−−−− −−−−−−−− −− (a + T )(L − T )

2 2
√L − T − 2(L − T )a =
−−−−−−− −−−−−−−− −−
2 2
√L − T − 2(L − T )a
2 2
L − T − 2(L − T )a = (a + T )(L − T )
2 2 2
L − T − 2La + 2T a = La − T a + T L − T
2
L − T L = 3La − 3T a
3(L − T )a = L(L − T )
1
a = L
3
Base = 1/3 × length of strip answer
30
Problem 42
From a strip of tin 14 inches a trapezoidal gutter is to be made by bending up the sides at an angle of 45°. Find the width of the base for greatest
carrying capacity.
Solution:
h
∘
sin 45 =
14 − a
14 − a
∘
h = sin 45
2
14 − a 1
h = ( )
–
2 √2
14 − a
h =
–
2√2
Area:
A = A1 + 2A2
1 2
A = ah + 2( h )
2
2
14 − a 14 − a
A = a( ) + ( )
– –
2√2 2√2
2 2
7a a (14 − a)
A = − +
– –
√2 2√2 8
dA 7 a 14 − a
= − − = 0
– –
da √2 √2 4
7 a 7 a
− − + = 0
– –
√2 √2 2 4
1 1 7 7
( − )a = −
– –
4 √2 2 √2
a = 3.17 in answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima trapezoidal gutter Trapezoid metal strip
31
Problem 43
A ship lies 6 miles from shore, and opposite a point 10 miles farther along the shore another ship lies 18 miles offshore. A boat from the first ship is
to land a passenger and then proceed to the other ship. What is the least distance the boat can travel?
Solution:
− −−−−− −− −−−−
2
D 1 = √ x + 6 = √x + 36
2 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 − −−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
D 2 = √ (10 − x) + 18 = √ (10 − x) + 324
Total Distance:
D = D1 + D2
−− −−−− − −−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
D = √x + 36 + √ (10 − x) + 324
dD 2x 2(10 − x)(−1)
= + = 0
−− −−−− − −−−−−−−−−−−
dx 2
2√x + 36
2
2√ (10 − x) + 324
x 10 − x
=
−−−−−− − −−−−−−−−−−−
2
√x2 + 36 √ (10 − x) + 324
− −−−−−−−−−−− −− −−−−
2 2
x√ (10 − x) + 324 = (10 − x)√x + 36
2 2 2 2
x [ (10 − x) + 324 ] = (10 − x) (x + 36)
2 2 2 2 2 2
x (10 − x) + 324x = x (10 − x) + 36(10 − x)
2 2
324x = 36(100 − 20x + x )
2 2
9x = 100 − 20x + x
2
8x + 20x − 100 = 0
2
2x + 5x − 25 = 0
32
(2x − 5)(x + 5) = 0
For 2x - 5 = 0; x = 5/2
For x + 5 = 0; x = -5 (meaningless)
Use x = 5/2 = 2.5 mi
− −−−−−− − −−−− −−− −−−−−−

2
D = √ 2.5 + 36 + √ (10 − 2.5) + 324
2
D = 26 mi answer
Problem 44
Two posts, one 8 feet high and the other 12 feet high, stand 15 ft apart. They are to be supported by wires attached to a single stake at ground level.
The wires running to the tops of the posts. Where should the stake be placed, to use the least amount of wire?
Solution:
Problem 45
A ray of light travels, as in Fig. 39, from A to B via the point P on the mirror CD. Prove that the length (AP + PB) will be a minimum if and only if α
= β.
Solution:
− −−−−−
2 2
S1 = √ x + a
− −−− −−−−−−
2 2
S2 = √ (c − x) + b
Total distance traveled by light:

S = S1 + S2
−−−−−− − −−− −−−−−−

2 2 2 2
S = √x + a + √ (c − x) + b
dS 2x 2(c − x)(−1)
= +
−−−−−− − −−− −−−−−−
dx 2
2√x + a
2 2
2√ (c − x) + b
2
x c − x
=
−−−−−− − −−− −−−−−−
2 2
√x2 + a2 √ (c − x) + b
− −−− −−−−−− −−−−−−

2 2 2 2
x√ (c − x) + b = (c − x)√x + a
2 2 2 2 2 2
x [ (c − x) + b ] = (c − x) (x + a )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
x (c − x) + b x = x (c − x) + a (c − x)
2 2 2 2 2
b x = a (c − 2cx + x )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
b x = a c − 2a cx + a x
2 2 2 2 2 2
(a − b )x − 2a cx + a c = 0
By Quadratic Formula:
A = a2 - b2; B = -2a2c; C = a2c2
−−−−−−−−
2
−B ± √B − 4AC
x =
2A
2
− −− −−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−
4 2 2 2 2 2
2a c ± √ 4a c − 4(a − b )(a c )
x =
2 2
2(a − b )
− −−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−
2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2
2a c ± √ 4a c − 4a c + 4a b c
x =
2 2
2(a − b )
2
2a c ± 2abc
x =
2 2
2(a − b )
ac(a ± b)
x =
(a − b)(a + b)
33
For
ac(a + b)
x =
(a − b)(a + b)
ac
x = meaningless if a > b
a − b
For
ac(a − b)
x =
(a − b)(a + b)
ac
x = okay
a + b
Use
ac
x =
a + b
when S is minimum:
ac
c − x = c −
a + b
(a + b)c − ac
c − x =
a + b
ac + bc − ac
c − x =
a + b
bc
c − x =
a + b
a
tan α =
x
a
tan α =
ac
a + b
a + b
tan α =
c
b
tan β =
c − x
b
tan β =
bc
a + b
a + b
tan β =
c
tan α = tan β, thus, α = β (okay!)
Tags: Wire Maxima and Minima boat ship pole stake light
‹ 41 - 42 Maxima and Minima Problems Involving up 46 - 47 Solved Problems in Maxima and Minima ›
Trapezoidal Gutter
34
46 - 47 Solved Problems in Maxima and Minima
Problem 46
Given point on the conjugate axis of an equilateral hyperbola, find the shortest distance to the curve.
Solution:
Standard equation:
2 2
x y
− = 1
2 2
a b
For equilateral hyperbola, b = a.

2 2
x y
− = 1
2 2
a a
Thus,
2 2 2
x − y = a
2 2 2
x = a + y
Distance d:
− −−−−− −−−−−− −−−
2 2
d = √ (x − 0) + (y − k)
− −−−−−−−−−−
2 2
d = √ x + (y − k)
− −−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2
d = √ a + y + (y − k)
dd 2y + 2(y − k)
= = 0
− −−−−−−−−−−−−−
dy 2 2
2√ a + y + (y − k)
2
2y + 2(y − k)
2y = k
1
y = k
2
2 1 2
y = k
4
Nearest Distance:
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 1 2 1 2
d = √a + k + ( k − k)
4 2
−−−−−−−
d = √a
2
+
1
2
2
k answer
Problem 47
Find the point on the curve a2 y = x3 that is nearest the point (4a, 0).
Solution:
35
− −−−− −−− −−−−−−−−
2 2
d = √ (x − 4a) + (y − 0)
− −−−− −−−−−−−
2 2
d = √ (x − 4a) + y
from
2 3
a y = x
3
x
y =
2
a
6
x
2
y =
4
a
−−−−−−−−−−−−
6
x
2
d = √ (x − 4a) +
4
a
5
6x
2(x − 4a) +
dd 4
a
= = 0
− −−−−−−−− −−−
dx x
6
2
2√ (x − 4a) +
4
a
5
3x
(x − 4a) + = 0
4
a
5 4 5
3x + a x − 4a = 0
by trial and error:

x = a
3
a
y = = a
2
a
The nearest point is (a, a). answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima equilateral hyperbola hyperbola cubic curve
‹ 43 - 45 Solved problems in maxima and minima up 48 - 49 Shortest distance from a point to a curve by maxima
and minima ›
36
48 - 49 Shortest distance from a point to a curve by maxima and minima
Problem 48
Find the shortest distance from the point (5, 0) to the curve 2y2 = x3.
Solution:
− −−−− −−−−−− −−−−
2 2
d = √ (x − 5) + (y − 0)
− −−−− −− −−−−
2 2
d = √ (x − 5) + y
from
2 3
2y = x
2 1 3
y = x
2
−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 1 3
d = √ (x − 5) + x
2
3 2
dd 2(x − 5) + x
2
= = 0
−−−−−−−−−−−−
dx 2 1 3
2√ (x − 5) + x
2
3 2
x + 2x − 10 = 0
2
2
3x + 4x − 20 = 0
(3x + 10)(x − 2) = 0
For 3x + 10 = 0 , x = −10/3 (meaningless)

For x − 2 = 0 , x = 2 (okay)
Use x = 2 .
−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 1 3
d = √ (2 − 5) + (2 )
2
−−
d = √13 answer
Another Solution:
Differentiate 2y 2
= x
3
′ 2
4y y = 3x
2
3x
y
′
= → slope of tangent at any point
4y
37
Thus, the slope of normal at any point is
4y
m = −
2
3x
Equation of normal:
y − y 1 = m(x − x1 )
4y
y − 0 = − (x − 5)
2
3x
2
3x y = −4xy + 20y
2
3x = −4x + 20
3x
2
+ 4x − 20 = 0 the same equation as above (okay)
Problem 49
Find the shortest distance from the point (0, 8a) to the curve ax2 = y3.
Solution:
− −−−− −−−−−− −−−−−
2 2
d = √ (x − 0) + (y − 8a)
− −−−−−−−−−−
2 2
d = √ x + (y − 8a)
From
2 3
ax = y
1
2 3
x = y
a
−−−−−−−−−− −−−
1
3 2
d = √ y + (y − 8a)
a
3
2
y + 2(y − 8a)
dd a
= = 0
− −−−−−−−−− −−−
dy 1
3 2
2√ y + (y − 8a)
a
3
2
y + 2y − 16a = 0
a
2 2
3y + 2ay − 16a = 0
− −− −−−−−−−−−−−−
a 2
−2a ± √ 4a − 4(3)(−16a )
y =
2(3)
−2a ± 14a
y =
6
8
y = 2a and − a
3
is meaningless, use
8
y = − a y = 2a
3
−−−− −−−−− −−−−−− −

1
d = √ (2a)3 + (2a − 8a)2
a
−−−− −−−−− −−−−−− −
1
d = √ (2a)3 + (2a − 8a)2
a
−−−−
d = √44a2
−−
d = 2a√11 answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima point curve distance
‹ 46 - 47 Solved Problems in Maxima and Minima up 50 - 52 Nearest distance from a given point to a given curve
›
38
50 - 52 Nearest distance from a given point to a given curve
Problem 50
Find the shortest distance from the point (4, 2) to the ellipse x2 + 3y2 = 12.
Solution:
− −−−− −−−−−− −−−−
2 2
d = √ (x − 4) + (y − 2)
from
2 2
x + 3y = 12
− −−−−− −
2
x = √ 12 − 3y
− −−−− −−−−− −−−−− −−−−−−−−

−−− −−−− 2
2 2
d = √ (√ 12 − 3y − 4) + (y − 2)
− −−−−− − −6y
2
2 (√ 12 − 3y − 4) − −−−−− − + 2(y − 2)
2
dd 2√ 12 − 3y
= = 0
− −−−− −−−−− −−−−− −−−−−−−−
dy −−− −−−− 2
2 2
2√ (√ 12 − 3y − 4) + (y − 2)
24y
−6y + − −−−−− − + 2y − 4 = 0
√ 12 − 3y 2
24y
− −−−−− − = 4y + 4
√ 12 − 3y 2
6y
− −−− −−− = y + 1
√ 12 − 3y 2
2
36y
2
= (y + 1)
2
12 − 3y
2
36y
2
= (y + 1)
2
3(4 − y )
2 2 2
12y = (y + 1) (4 − y )
2 2 2
12y = (y + 2y + 1)(4 − y )
2 2 4 3 2
12y = 4y + 8y + 4 − y − 2y − y
4 3 2
y + 2y + 9y − 8y − 4 = 0
By trial and error

y = 1
−−−−−−−−
2
x = √ 12 − 3(1 ) = 3
The nearest point is (3, 1)
39
Nearest distance:
− −−− −−− −−−−−−−−
2 2
d = √ (3 − 4) + (1 − 2)
–
d = √2 answer
Another Solution:
2 2
x + 3y = 12
2 2
x = 12 − 3y
′
2x = −6y y
x
y
′
= − → slope of tangent at any point
3y
Thus, slope of normal at any point is

3y
m =
x
Equation of normal:
y − y 1 = m(x − x1 )
3y
y − 2 = (x − 4)
x
xy − 2x = 3xy − 12y
x + xy − 6y = 0
x(1 + y) = 6y
2 2 2
x (1 + y) = 36y
2 2 2
(12 − 3y )(1 + 2y + y ) = 36y
2 2 3 4 2
12 + 24y + 12y − 3y − 6y − 3y = 36y
4 3 2
3y + 6y − 27y − 24y − 12 = 0
y
4
+ 2y
3
+ 9y
2
− 8y − 4 = 0 the same equation as above (okay)
Problem 51
Find the shortest distance from the point (1 + n, 0) to the curve y = xn, n > 0.
Solution:
− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−
d = √ [ x − (1 + n) ]2 + y 2
− −−−− −−−−−−− −−−−

d = √ [ x − (1 + n) ]2 + x2n
2n−1
dd 2[ x − (1 + n) ] + 2nx
= = 0
− −−−− −−−−−−− −−−−
dx 2
2√ [ x − (1 + n) ] + x
2n
2n−1
x − 1 − n + nx = 0
2n−1
x + nx = 1 + n
by inspection: x = 1
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2n
d = √ [ 1 − (1 + n) ] + 1
−−−−−− −
d = √n + 1
2 2n
1 raise to any positive number is 1
−−−−−
d = √1 + n
2
answer
Problem 52
Find the shortest distance from the point (0, 5) to the ellipse 3y2 = x3.
Solution:
2 3
3y = x
2 1 3
y = x
3
′ 2
2y y = x
40
2
x
y
′
= slope of tangent at any point
2y
Thus, slope of normal at any point is

2y
m = −
2
x
Equation of normal:
y − y 1 = m(x − x1 )
2y
y − 5 = − (x − 0)
2
x
xy − 5x = −2y
(x + 2)y = 5x
2 2 2
(x + 2) y = 25x
2 1 3 2
(x + 4x + 4)( x ) = 25x
3
3 2
x + 4x + 4x − 75 = 0
By trial and error

x = 3
2 1 3 2
y = (3 ) = 3
3
y = 3
Nearest point on the curve is (3, 3)
Shortest distance
−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
d = √3 + (3 − 5)
−−
d = √13 answer
For similar problem, see Problem 48 and its solution.
Tags: Maxima and Minima point curve distance ellipse
‹ 48 - 49 Shortest distance from a point to a curve by up 53 - 55 Solved Problems in Maxima and Minima ›
maxima and minima
41
53 - 55 Solved Problems in Maxima and Minima
Problem 53
Cut the largest possible rectangle from a circular quadrant, as shown in Fig. 40.
Solution:
2 2 2
(0.5y) + (0.5y + x) = a
2 2 2
(0.5y + x) = a − 0.25y
− −−−−−−−−
2 2
x = √ a − 0.25y − 0.5y
Area of rectangle
A = xy
− −−−−−−−−
2 2
A = (√ a − 0.25y − 0.5y) y
− −−−−−−−−
2 2 2
A = y√ a − 0.25y − 0.5y
dA −0.5y − −−−−− −−−

= y √ a2 − 0.25y 2 − y = 0
− −−−−− −−− +
dy 2
2√ a − 0.25y
2
− −−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2 2
−0.5y + 2(a − 0.25y ) − 2y√ a − 0.25y
− −−−−−−−− = 0
2 2
2√ a − 0.25y
− −−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2 2
−y + 4(a − 0.25y ) − 4y√ a − 0.25y = 0
− −−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
4a − 2y = 4y√ a − 0.25y
− −−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
2a − y = 2y√ a − 0.25y
4 2 2 4 2 2 2
4a − 4a y + y = 4y (a − 0.25y )
4 2 2 4
2y − 8a y + 4a = 0
4 2 2 4
y − 4a y + 2a = 0
− −−− −−−−−
2 4 4
4a ± √ 16a − 8a
2
y =
2
2 2
4a ± 2.828a
2
y =
2
2 2 2
y = 3.414a and 0.586a
for
2 2
y = 3.414a
y = 1.848a
− −−−−−−−−− −−−−−
2 2
x = √ a − 0.25(3.414a ) − 0.5(1.848a)
x = −0.541a (meaningless)
42
for
2 2
y = 0.586a
y = 0.765a
− −−−−−−−−− −−−−−
2 2
x = √ a − 0.25(0.586a ) − 0.5(0.765a)
x = 0.541a answer
Problem 54
A cylindrical tin boiler, open at the top, has a copper bottom. If sheet copper is m times as expensive as tin, per unit area, find the most economical
proportions.
Solution:
Let
k = cost per unit area of tin
mk = cost per unit area of copper
C = total cost
2
C = (πr )mk + (2πrh)k
2
C = mkπr + 2kπrh
dC dh
= 2mkπr + 2kπ (r + h) = 0
dr dr
dh
mr + r + h = 0
dr
dh mr + h
= −
dr r
Volume
2
V = πr h
dV dh
2
= π (r + 2rh) = 0
dr dr
dh 2h
= −
dr r
dh dh
=
dr dr
mr + h 2h
− = −
r r
mr + h = 2h
h = mr
Height = m × radius answer
Problem 55
Solve Problem 54 above if the boiler is to have a tin cover. Deduce the answer directly from the solution of Problem 54.
Solution:
2 2
C = (πr )mk + (2πrh)k + (πr )k
2
C = kπ(m + 1)r + 2kπrh
dC dh
= 2kπ(m + 1)r + 2kπ (r + h) = 0
dr dr
dh
(m + 1)r + r + h = 0
dr
dh (m + 1)r + h
= −
dr r
Volume
2
V = πr h
dV dh
2
= π (r + 2rh) = 0
dr dr
43
dh 2h
= −
dr r
dh dh
=
dr dr
(m + 1)r + h 2h
− = −
r r
(m + 1)r + h = 2h
h = (m + 1)r
Height = (m + 1) × radius answer
Tags: cylindrical tank copper Maxima and Minima rectangle cylinder boiler circular quadrant tin
‹ 50 - 52 Nearest distance from a given point to a given up 56 - 57 Maxima and minima problems of square box and silo
curve ›
44
56 - 57 Maxima and minima problems of square box and silo
Problem 56
The base of a covered box is a square. The bottom and back are made of pine, the remainder of oak. If oak is m times as expensive as pine, find the
most economical proportion.
Solution:
Let
k = unit price of pine
mk = unit price of oak
C = total cost
Volume of the square box:

2
V = x y
dV
2 ′
= x y + 2xy = 0
dx
2y
′
y = −
x
Total cost:
2 2
C = kx + kxy + mkx + 3mkxy
2
C = k(m + 1)x + k(3m + 1)xy
dC
′
= 2k(m + 1)x + k(3m + 1)(xy + y) = 0
dx
2(m + 1)x + (3m + 1) [ x(−2y/x) + y ] = 0
2(m + 1)x = (3m + 1)y
(3m + 1)y
x = answer
2(m + 1)
Problem 57
A silo consists of a cylinder surmounted by a hemisphere. If the floor, walls, and roof are equally expensive per unit area, find the most economical
proportion.
Solution:
Let
k = unit price
45
Total cost:
1 2 1 1 2
C = [ πD + πD(H − D) + πD ]k
4 2 2
1 2
C = [ πD + πDH ] k
4
dC dH
1
= [ πD + π (D + H) ] k = 0
2
dD dD
dH
D + 2D + 2H = 0
dD
dH 2H + D
= −
dD 2D
Volume of silo = volume of cylinder + volume of hemisphere:

1 2 1 1 3
V = πD (H − D) + πD
4 2 12
1 2 1 3
V = πD H − πD
4 24
dV dH
1 2 1 2
= π (D + 2DH ) − πD = 0
4 8
dD dD
dH
2D + 4H − D = 0
dD
dH D − 4H
= −
dD 2D
dH dH
=
dD dD
2H + D D − 4H
− = −
2D 2D
−2H − D = D − 4H
H = D
Total height = diameter answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima box silo oak pine
‹ 53 - 55 Solved Problems in Maxima and Minima up 58 - 59 Maxima and minima: cylinder surmounted by
hemisphere and cylinder surmounted by cone ›
46
58 - 59 Maxima and minima: cylinder surmounted by hemisphere and cylinder

surmounted by cone
Problem 58
For the silo of Problem 57, find the most economical proportions, if the floor is twice as expensive as the walls, per unit area, and the roof is three
times as expensive as the walls, per unit area.
Solution:
Let
k = unit price of wall
2k = unit price of floor
3k = unit price of roof
Total cost:
1 2 1 1 2
C = 2k ( πD ) + k πD(H − D) + 3k ( πD )
4 2 2
3 2
C = k πD + k πDH
2
dC dH
= 3k πD + k π (D ⋅ + H) = 0
dD dD
dH
3D + D ⋅ + H = 0
dD
dH H + 3D
= − → Equation (1)
dD D
Volume of silo = volume of cylinder + volume of hemisphere:

1 2 1 1 3
V = πD (H − D) + πD
4 2 12
1 2 1 3
V = πD H − πD
4 24
dV dH
1 2 1 2
= π (D ⋅ + 2DH ) − πD = 0
4 8
dD dD
dH
2D ⋅ + 4H − D = 0
dD
dH D − 4H
dD 2D
Equate Equations (1) and (2)

dH dH
=
dD dD
H + 3D D − 4H
− = −
D 2D
−2H − 6D = D − 4H
2H = 7D
47
2
D = H
7
Diameter = 2/7 × total height answer
Problem 59
An oil can consists of a cylinder surmounted by a cone. If the diameter of the cone is five-sixths of its height, find the most economical proportions.
Solution:
Area of the floor
1 2
A1 = πD
4
1 5 2
A1 = π( H1 )
4 6
25 2
A1 = πH 1
144
Area of cylindrical wall

A2 = πDH 2
5
A2 = π( H1 ) H2
6
5
A2 = πH 1 H 2
6
Area of conical roof:

A3 = πrL
1 1 5 5
r = D = ( H1 ) = H1
2 2 6 12
−− −−−−− − −−−−− −−−−−−

2 2 5 2 2 13
L = √r + H1 = √( H1 ) + H1 = H1
12 12
Thus,
5 13
A3 = π( H 1 )( H1 )
12 12
65 2
A3 = πH 1
144
Total area:
A = A1 + A2 + A3
25 2 5 65 2
A = πH 1 + πH 1 H 2 + πH 1
144 6 144
5 2 5
A = πH 1 + πH 1 H 2
8 6
dA 5 5
dH 2
= πH 1 + π (H 1 ⋅ + H2 ) = 0
4 6
dH 1 dH 1
dH 2
3H 1 + 2H 1 ⋅ + 2H 2 = 0
dH 1
dH 2 3H 1 + 2H 2
dH 1 2H 1
Volume = volume of cylinder + volume of cone

1 2 1 1 2
V = πD H 2 + ( πD )H 1
4 3 4
1 5 2 1 5 2
V = π( H1 ) H2 + π( H1 ) H1
4 6 12 6
25 2 25 3
V = πH 1 H2 + πH 1
144 432
dV 25
dH 2 25
2 2
= π (H 1 ⋅ + 2H 1 H 2 ) + πH 1 = 0
144 144
dH 1 dH 1
dH 2
2 2
H1 ⋅ + 2H 1 H 2 + H 1 = 0
dH 1
dH 2
H1 ⋅ + 2H 2 + H 1 = 0
dH 1
dH 2 H 1 + 2H 2
dH 1 H1
Equate Equations (1) and (2)

dH 2 dH 2
=
dH 1 dH 1
3H 1 + 2H 2 H 1 + 2H 2
− = −
2H 1 H1
48
2H 2 + 3H 1 = 4H 2 + 2H 1
H 1 = 2H 2
Height of cone = 2 × height of cylinder answer
Tags: cylindrical tank Maxima and Minima silo cone hemisphere can
‹ 56 - 57 Maxima and minima problems of square box and up 60 - 61 Maxima and minima problems of a folded page ›
silo
49
60 - 61 Maxima and minima problems of a folded page
Problem 60
One corner of a leaf of width a is folded over so as just to reach the opposite side of the page. Find the width of the part folded over when
the length of the crease is a minimum. See Figure 41.
Solution:
From the figure:
∘
α = 90 − θ
∘
β = 180 − 2θ
∘
β = 2(90 − θ)
β = 2α
a − x
cos β =
x
a − x
cos 2α =
x
a − x
cos
2
α − sin
2
α = ← from double angle formula
x
−− −−− − 2
√c 2 − x2 x 2
a − x
( ) − ( ) =
c c x
2 2 2
c − x x a − x
− =
2 2
c c x
2 2
c − 2x a − x
=
2
c x
2 3 2 2
c x − 2x = ac − c x
2 3
(2x − a)c = 2x
−−−−− −
3
2x
c = √
2x − a
2 3
(2x − a)(6x ) − 2x (2)
2
dc (2x − a)
= = 0
−−−−− −
dx 2x
3
2√
2x − a
3(2x − a) − 2x = 0
4x = 3a
answer
3
x = a
4
50
Problem 61
Solve Problem 60 above if the area folded over is to be a minimum.
Solution:
From the solution of Problem 60 above:
−−−−− −
3
2x
c = √
2x − a
3
2x
2
c =
2x − a
Thus,
− −−−− −−−−−
3
−− −−− − 2x
√c 2 − x2 = √ − x
2
2x − a
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
3 2
−− −−− − 2x − x (2x − a)
√c 2 − x2 = √
2x − a
−−− −−−
−− −−− − a
√c 2 − x2 = x √
2x − a
Area:
1
−− −−−−
2 2
A = x√c − x
2
−−−−−−
a
1 2
A = x √
2
2x − a
−a(2)
⎡ ⎤
−
2−− −−−
dA ⎢ (2x − a) a ⎥
1
= ⎢x2 + 2x√ ⎥ = 0
2 ⎢ −−− −−− ⎥
dx ⎢ a 2x − a ⎥
2√
⎣ 2x − a ⎦
−−− −−−
a ax
2√ =
−−−−−−
2x − a a
2
(2x − a) √
2x − a
2a ax
=
2
2x − a (2x − a)
2(2x − a) = x
3x = 2a
x =
2
3
a answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima page
‹ 58 - 59 Maxima and minima: cylinder surmounted by up 62 - 63 Maxima and minima: cylinder inscribed in a cone
hemisphere and cylinder surmounted by cone and cone inscribed in a sphere ›
51
62 - 63 Maxima and minima: cylinder inscribed in a cone and cone inscribed in a sphere
Problem 62
Inscribe a circular cylinder of maximum convex surface area in a given circular cone.
Solution:
H − h H
=
d D
Hd
h = H −
D
Convex surface area of the cylinder:

A = πd h
Hd
A = πd (H − )
D
πH
2
A = πH d − d
D
The cone is given, thus H and D are constant

dA 2πH
= πH − d = 0
dd D
2πH
πH = d
D
1
d = D
2
Diameter of cylinder = radius of cone answer
Problem 63
Find the circular cone of maximum volume inscribed in a sphere of radius a.
Solution:
Volume of the cone:
1 2
V = πr h
3
From the figure:

2 2 2
r = a − (h − a)
2 2 2 2
r = a − (h − 2ah + a )
52
2 2
r = 2ah − h
1 2
V = π ( 2ah − h )h
3
1 2 3
V = π ( 2ah − h )
3
The sphere is given, thus radius a is constant.

dV
1 2
= π ( 4ah − 3h ) = 0
3
dh
2
4ah = 3h
4
h = a
3
Altitude of cone = 4/3 of radius of sphere answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima cylinder Sphere cone
‹ 60 - 61 Maxima and minima problems of a folded page up 64 - 65 Maxima and minima: cone inscribed in a sphere and
cone circumscribed about a sphere ›
53
64 - 65 Maxima and minima: cone inscribed in a sphere and cone circumscribed about a
sphere
Problem 64
A sphere is cut to the shape of a circular cone. How much of the material can be saved? (See Problem 63).
Solution:
Volume of sphere or radius a:
4 3
Vs = πa
3
Volume of cone of radius r and altitude h:

1 2
Vc = πr h
3
From the solution of Problem 63:

4
h = a
3
2 2
r = 2ah − h
2 4 4 2
r = 2a( a) − ( a)
3 3
2 8 2
r = a
9
Thus,
1 8 2 4
Vc = π( a )( a)
3 9 3
32 3
Vc = πa
81
Vc
Material saved: = × 100%
Vs
32 3
πa
81
Material saved: = × 100%
4 3
πa
3
Material saved: = 29.63% (about 30%) answer
Problem 65
Find the circular cone of minimum volume circumscribed about a sphere of radius a.
Solution:
Volume of cone:
1 2
V = πr h
3
54
a r
sin θ = =
−−−−−−
h − a √h2 + r2
−−−−−−
2 2
a√h + r = r(h − a)
2 2 2 2 2
a (h + r ) = r (h − a)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a h + a r = h r − 2ahr + a r
2 2 2
a h = (h − 2a)hr
2
a h
2
r =
h − 2a
Thus,
2
π a h
V = ( )h
3 h − 2a
2 2
πa h
V = ( )
3 h − 2a
2 2
dV πa (h − 2a)(2h) − h (1)
= [ ] = 0
2
dh 3 (h − 2a)
2
2(h − 2a)h − h = 0
2h − 4a − h = 0
h = 4a
Altitude of the cone = 4 × the radius of the sphere, a answer
Another Solution:
For a circle inscribed in a triangle, its center is at the point of intersection of the angular bisector of the triangle called
the incenter (see figure).
For the problem:

1 2
V = πr h
3
From the figure:

tan θ = a/r
tan 2θ = h/r
2 tan θ h
=
2
1 − tan θ r
2(a/r) h
=
2 2
1 − a /r r
2a)
= h
2 2
r − a
2
r
2
2ar )
h =
2
r − a2
Thus,
2
2ar )
1 2
V = πr ( )
3 2
r − a2
4
r )
2
V = aπ ( )
3 2 2
r − a
2 2 3 4
dV (r − a )(4r ) − r (2r)
2
= aπ [ ] = 0
3 2 2 2
dr (r − a )
3 2 2 5
4r (r − a ) − 2r = 0
2 2 2
2(r − a ) − r = 0
2 2 2
2r − 2a − r = 0
2 2
r = 2a
2
2ar
h =
2 2
r − a
55
2
2a(2a )
h =
2 2
2a − a
3
4a
h =
2
a
h = 4a (okay!)
Tags: Maxima and Minima Sphere cone
‹ 62 - 63 Maxima and minima: cylinder inscribed in a cone up 66 - 68 Maxima and minima: Pyramid inscribed in a sphere
and cone inscribed in a sphere and Indian tepee ›
56
66 - 68 Maxima and minima: Pyramid inscribed in a sphere and Indian tepee
Problem 66
Find the largest right pyramid with a square base that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius a.
Solution:
Volume of pyramid:
1 2
V = x h
3
From the figure:

2 2 2
z = (x/2) + (x/2)
2 2
z = x /2
2 2 2
z + (h − a) = a
2 2 2
x /2 + (h − a) = a
2 2 2
x = 2a − 2(h − a)
2 2 2 2
x = 2a − 2h + 4ah − 2a
2 2
x = 4ah − 2h
1 2
V = (4ah − 2h )h
3
1 2 3
V = (4ah − 2h )
3
dV
1 2
= (8ah − 6h ) = 0
3
dh
2
6h = 8ah
4
h = a
3
Altitude of pyramid = 4/3 × radius of sphere, a answer
Problem 67
An Indian tepee is made by stretching skins or birch bark over a group of poles tied together at the top. If poles of given length are to be used, what
shape gives maximum volume?
Solution:
/>From the figure:
2 2 2
h + r = L
57
The length of pole is given, thus L is constant
dr
2h + 2r = 0
dh
dr h
= −
dh r
Volume of tepee:
1 2
V = πr h
3
dV dr
1 2
= π (r + 2rh ) = 0
3
dh dh
dr
r + 2h = 0
dh
h
r + 2h (− ) = 0
r
2
2h
r =
r
2 2
r = 2h
–
r = √2 h
–
radius = √2 × altitude answer
Problem 68
Solve Problem 67 above if poles of any length can be found, but only limited amount of covering material is available.
Solution:
Area of covering material:
−−−−−−
A = πrL where L 2
= √h + r
2
−−−−−−
2 2
A = πr√h + r
dh
⎛ 2h + 2r ⎞
dA dr −−−−−−
= πr ⎜ ⎟ + π√ 2 + 2 = 0
h r
⎜ −−−−−− ⎟
dr 2
2√h + r 2
⎝ ⎠
dh
2 2 2
hr + r + (h + r ) = 0
dr
2 2
dh 2r + h
= −
dr rh
Volume of tepee:
1 2
V = πr h
3
dV dh
1 2
= π (r + 2rh) = 0
3
dr dr
dh
r + 2h = 0
dr
2 2
2r + h
r (− ) + 2h = 0
rh
2 2 2
−2r − h + 2h = 0
2 2
h = 2r
–
h = √2 r
–
height = √2 × radius answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima Sphere cone tepee pyramid tent
‹ 64 - 65 Maxima and minima: cone inscribed in a sphere up 69 - 71 Shortest and most economical path of motorboat ›
and cone circumscribed about a sphere
58
69 - 71 Shortest and most economical path of motorboat
Problem 69
A man on an island 12 miles south of a straight beach wishes to reach a point on shore 20 miles east. If a motorboat, making 20 miles per hour, can
be hired at the rate of $2.00 per hour for the time it is actually used, and the cost of land transportation is $0.06 per mile, how much must he pay
for the trip?
Solution:
Distance traveled by boat:
− −−−−−−
2
s = √ 12 + x
2
−−−−−− −
2
s = √144 + x
Note: time = distance/speed
Total cost of travel:

s
C = (2) + (20 − x)0.06
20
1
−−−−−− −
C = √144 + x2 + 1.2 − 0.06x
10
dC 1 2x
= ( ) − 0.06 = 0
−−−−−− −
dx 10 2√144 + x
2
x
= 0.06
−−−−−− −
2
10√144 + x
−−−−−− −
2
x = 0.6√144 + x
2 2
x = 0.36(144 + x )
2
0.64x = 51.84
x = 9 miles
− −−−−− −
1
C = √ 144 + 92 + 1.2 − 0.06(9)
10
C = $2.16 answer
Problem 70
A man in a motorboat at A (Figure 42) receives a message at noon calling him to B. A bus making 40 miles per hour leaves
C, bound for B, at 1:00 PM. If AC = 40 miles, what must be the speed of the boat to enable the man to catch the bus.
Solution:
distance = speed × time
2 2 2 2
(rt) = 40 + 40 (t − 1)
59
2 2 2
r t = 1600 + 1600t − 3200t + 1600
2
1600(t − 2t + 2
2
r =
2
t
40 −− −−−−−−−
r = √t2 − 2t + 2
t
dr 40 2t − 2 −40 −− −−−−−−−
= + √t2 − 2t + 2 = 0
−− −−−−−−− 2
dt t 2√t2 − 2t + 2 t
t − 1 1 −− −−−−−−−
= √t2 − 2t + 2
−− −−−−−−−
√t2 − 2t + 2 t
2 2
t − t = t − 2t + 2
t = 2 hours
40 −−−−−−−−−−−
2
r = √2 − 2(2) + 2
2
–
r = 20√2 miles/hour
r = 28.28 miles/hour answer
Problem 71
In Problem 70, if the speed of the boat is 30 miles per hour, what is the greatest distance offshore from which the bus can be caught?
Solution:
By Pythagorean Theorem:
− −−−−−−− −−−− −−−−
2 2
y = √ 900t − 1600(t − 1)
dy 1800t − 3200(t − 1)
= = 0
− −−−−−−− −−−− −−−−
dt 2
2√ 900t − 1600(t − 1)
2
9t − 16(t − 1) = 0
7t = 16
t = 16/7
− −−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
y = √ 900(16/7) − 1600(16/7 − 1)
y = 45.35 miles answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima motorboat bus transportation beach
‹ 66 - 68 Maxima and minima: Pyramid inscribed in a up 72 - 74 Light intensity of illumination and theory of
sphere and Indian tepee attraction ›
60
72 - 74 Light intensity of illumination and theory of attraction
Problem 72
A light is to be placed above the center of a circular area of radius a. What height gives the best illumination on a circular walk surrounding the
area? (When light from a point source strikes a surface obliquely, the intensity of illumination is
k sin θ
I =
2
d
where θ is the angle of incidence and d the distance from the source.)
Solution:
k sin θ
I =
2
d
From the figure:

sin θ = h/d
kh
I =
3
d
dh
3 2
kd − 3kd h
dI dd
= = 0
6
dd d
dh 3h
=
dd d
2 2 2
h + a = d
dh
2h = 2d
dd
3h
2h ( ) = 2d
d
2 2
d = 3h
Thus,
2 2 2
h + a = 3h
2 1 2
h = a
2
1 1 √2
h = a = a ×
√2 √2 √2
–
h =
1
2
√ 2a answer
61
Problem 73
It is shown in the theory of attraction that a wire bent in the form of a circle of radius a exerts upon a particle in the axis of the circle (i.e., in the line
through the center of the circle perpendicular to the plane) an attraction proportional to
h
2 2 3/2
(a + h )
where h is the height of the particle above the plane of the circle. Find h, for maximum attraction. (Compare with Problem 72 above)
Solution:
Attraction:
h
A =
2 2 3/2
(a + h )
2 2 3/2 3 2 2 1/2
dA (a + h ) − (a + h ) (2h)h
2
= = 0
2 2 3
dh (a + h )
2 2 3/2 2 2 2 1/2
(a + h ) − 3h (a + h ) = 0
2 2 2
a + h = 3h
2 2
2h = a
2 1 2
h = a
2
1 1 √2
h = a = a ×
√2 √2 √2
–
h =
1
2
√ 2a answer
Problem 74
In Problem 73 above, if the wire has instead the form of a square of side 2l, the attraction is proportional to
h
−−−−−−−
2 2
(h + l )√h2 + 2l2
Find h for maximum attraction.

Solution:
h
A =
−−−−−−−
2 22 2
(h + l )√h + 2l
−−−−−−− 2h −−−−−−−
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(h + l )√h + 2l (1) − h [(h + l ) + 2h√h + 2l ]
−−−−−−−
dA 2 2
2√h + 2l
= = 0
2 2 2 2 2
dh (h + l ) (h + 2l )
2 2 2
−−−−−−− h (h + l ) −−−−−−−
2 2 2 2 2 2
(h + l )√h + 2l − − 2h√h + 2l = 0
−−−−−−−
√h2 + 2l2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(h + l )(h + 2l ) − h (h + l ) − 2h (h + 2l ) = 0
4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 2
(h + 3l h + 2l ) − (h + l h ) − (2h + 4l h ) = 0
4 2 2 4
−2h − 2l h + 2l = 0
4 2 2 4
h + l h − l = 0
− −−−−−
2 4 4
−l ± √ l + 4l
2
h =
2
2 – 2
−l ± √5 l
2
h =
2
–
−1 ± √5
2 2
h = l
2
−−−−−−−−
–
−1 − √5
h = √ l (imaginary)
2
−−−−−−−−
–
−1 + √5
h = √ l (ok!)
2
Use
−−−−−−−−
–
−1 + √5
h = √ l
2
h = 0.7862l answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima illumination theory of attraction
62
Cylinder of maximum volume and maximum lateral area inscribed in a cone
Problem 75
A right circular cylinder of radius r and height h is inscribed in a right circular cone of radius 6 m and height 12 m.
Part 1: Determine the radius of the cylinder such that its volume is a maximum.
A. 2 m
B. 4 m
C. 3 m
D. 5 m
Part 2: Determine the maximum volume of the cylinder.

A. 145.72 m3
B. 321.12 m3
C. 225.31 m3
D. 201.06 m3
Part 3: Determine the height of the cylinder such that its lateral area is a maximum.
A. 10 m
B. 8 m
C. 6 m
D. 4 m
Solution
12 − h 12
=
r 6
12 − h = 2r
h = 12 − 2r
63
For maximum volume of cylinder:
2
V = πr h
2
V = πr (12 − 2r)
2 3
V = 2π(6r − r )
dV
2
= 2π(12r − 3r ) = 0
dr
2
12r − 3r = 0
r = 4 m Part 1: [ B ]
h = 12 − 2(4)
h = 4 m
2
Vmax = π(4 )(4)
Vmax = 201.062 m
3
Part 2: [ D ]
For maximum lateral surface area:

AL = 2πrh
AL = 2πr(12– 2r)
2
AL = 4π(6r– r )
dAL
= 4π(6 − 2r) = 0
dr
6 − 2r = 0
r = 3 m
h = 12 − 2(3)
h = 6 m Part 3: [ C ]
Tags: cylinder Right Circular Cone maximum volume maximum lateral area
‹ 72 - 74 Light intensity of illumination and theory of up Distance between projection points on the legs of right
attraction triangle (solution by Calculus) ›
64
Distance between projection points on the legs of right triangle (solution by Calculus)
Problem 76
From the right triangle ABC shown below, AB = 40 cm and BC = 30 cm. Points E and F are projections of point D from hypotenuse AC to the
perpendicular legs AB and BC, respectively. How far is D from AB so that length EF is minimal?
Solution
By ratio and proportion
y 30
=
x 40
3
y = x
4
By Pythagorean theorem
− −−−−− −− −−−−
2 2
d = √ (40 − x) + y
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 3 2
d = √ (40 − x) + ( x)
4
−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 9 2
d = √ (40 − x) + x
16
For minimum length of d, differentiate then equate to zero

9
dd 2(40 − x)(−1) + x
8
= = 0
−−−−−−−−−−−−−
dx 2 9 2
2√ (40 − x) + x
16
9
−2(40 − x) + x = 0
8
25
x = 80
8
x = 25.6 cm
Distance of D from side AB for minimum length of d

3
y = (25.6)
4
y = 19.2 cm answer
65
The same problem was solved by Geometry alone. See the solution here: Distance between projection points
‹ Cylinder of maximum volume and maximum lateral area up Largest parabolic section from right circular cone ›
inscribed in a cone
66
Largest parabolic section from right circular cone
Situation
A right circular cone has a base diameter of 24 cm. The maximum area of parabolic segment that can be cut from this cone is 207.8 cm2.
Part 1: Determine the base width of the parabola.

A. 22.32 cm
B. 18.54 cm
C. 15.63 cm
D. 20.78 cm
Part 2: Determine the altitude of the parabola.

A. 14 cm
B. 18 cm
C. 15 cm
D. 16 cm
Part 2: Determine the altitude of the cone.

A. 20 cm
B. 14 cm
C. 16 cm
D. 18 cm
Solution
Maximum area of parabolic section
2
Amax = (2b)h
3
4
207.8 = bh
3
155.85
h = → Equation (1)
b
Triangle DEC is similar to triangle ABC

h L
=
24 − x 24
h =
1
24
L(24 − x) → Equation (2)
For the right triangle at the base of the cone

2 2 2
b + (12 − x) = 12
2 2 2
b = 12 − (12 − x)
2 2 2 2
67
b = 12 − (12 − 24x + x )
−−−−−−−
b = √24x − x
2
→ Equation (3)
Area of parabolic section at any distance x

2
A = (2b)h
3
4 −−−−−−− 1
A = √24x − x2 [ L(24 − x) ]
3 24
1
−−−−−−−
A = L(24 − x)√24x − x2
18
∂A 24 − 2x −−−−−−−
1
= L [(24 − x) + √24x − x2 (−1)] = 0
18 −−−−−−−
∂x 2√24x − x
2
2(12 − x)(24 − x) −−−−−−−

2
− √24x − x = 0
−−−−−−−
2
2√24x − x
(12 − x)(24 − x) −−−−−−−

2
= √24x − x
−−−−−−−
√24x − x2
2
(12 − x)(24 − x) = 24x − x
2 2
288 − 36x + x = 24x − x
2
2x − 60x + 288 = 0
2
x − 30x + 144 = 0
x = 24 and 6
Use
x = 6 cm
Thus,
−−−−−−−
b = √24x − x
2
→ From Equation (3)
−−−−−−−−
2
b = √ 24(6) − 6
–
b = 6√3 cm
Base-width of parabolic section

–
2b = 12√3
2b = 20.78 cm Part 1: [ D ]
Altitude of parabolic section

155.85
h = → From Equation (1)
b
155.85
h =
–
6√3
h = 15 cm Part 2: [ C ]
From
h =
1
24
L(24 − x) → From Equation (2)
1
15 = L(24 − 6)
24
L = 20 cm
By Pythagorean theorem
2 2 2
H + 12 = L
2 2 2
H + 12 = 20
H = 16 cm Part 3: [ C ]
Note:
For maximum area of parabola that can be cut from a right circular cone:
68
∘
b = D sin 60
h = 0.75L
x = 0.25D
Solving the problem using the above formulas

Tags: parabolic section Right Circular Cone largest area height of parabola Width of Parabola height of cone
‹ Distance between projection points on the legs of right up 01 Minimum length of cables linking to one point ›
triangle (solution by Calculus)
69
Differential Calculus > Chapter 3 - Applications > Maxima and Minima | Applications >
04 Largest Right Triangle of Given Hypotenuse
Problem
Find the area of the largest right triangle whose hypotenuse is fixed at c.
Solution
2 2 2
a + b = c
−− −−−−
2 2
b = √c − a
1
A = ab
2
1
−− −−−−
2 2
A = a√c − a
2
dA 1 −2a −− −−−−
2 2
= (a × + √c − a ) = 0
−− −−−−
da 2 2
2√c − a
2
2
a −− −−−−
2 2
− + √c − a = 0
−− −−− −
√c 2 − a2
2
−− −−− − a
√c 2 − a2 =
−− −−− −
√c 2 − a2
2 2 2
c − a = a
2 2
2a = c
2 1 2
a = c
2
1
a = c
√2
−−−−−−−
2 1 2
b = √c − c
2
−−−
1 2
b = √ c
2
1
b = c
√2
1
A = ab
2
1 1 1
Amax = ( c) ( c)
70
2 √2 √2
Amax =
1
4
c
2
answer
Another Solution
a = c sin θ
b = c cos θ
1
A = ab
2
1
A = (c sin θ)(c cos θ)
2
1 2
A = c sin θ cos θ
2
1 2
A = c (2 sin θ cos θ)
4
1 2
A = c sin 2θ
4
dA
1 2
= c (cos 2θ)(2) = 0
4
dθ
cos 2θ = 0
∘
2θ = 90
∘
θ = 45
1 2
A = c sin 2θ
4
1 2 ∘
Amax = c sin 2(45 )
4
1 2 ∘
Amax = c sin 90
4
Amax =
1
4
c
2
answer
Tags: Maxima and Minima largest area right triangle hypotenuse
‹ 03 Maximum Revenue for Tour Bus of 80 Seats up Time Rates | Applications ›
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01 - 04 Number Problems in Maxima and Minima

dz/dx = 2x + 2(k − x)(−1) = 0

Tags: Maxima and Minima

‹ Application of Maxima and Minima up 05 - 08 Number Problems in Maxima and Minima ›

05 - 08 Number Problems in Maxima and Minima

From Equation (1)

x = 0.8685 & − 1.5352

The numbers are 1/3 a, and 2/3 a. answer

The numbers are 1/4 a and 3/4 a. answer

The numbers are 2/5 a and 3/5 a. answer

Tags: Maxima and Minima

09 - 11 Rectangular Lot Problems in Maxima and Minima

width = ½ × length answer

Tags: Maxima and Minima rectangular lot

12 - 14 Rectangular Lot Problems in Maxima and Minima

width = ½ × length answer

Dimensions: 84 ft × 112 ft answer

Tags: Maxima and Minima rectangular lot

15 - 17 Box open at the top in maxima and minima

Using quadratic formula

x = 4.5 and 1.5

Use x = 1.5 inches

V = (24 − 2x)(15 − 2x)x

Vmax = [ 24 − 2(3) ] [ 15 − 2(3) ] 3

V = (6a − 2x)(6b − 2x)x

A = 1; B = −2(a + b); C = 3ab

Tags: Maxima and Minima box

18 - 20 Rectangular beam in maxima and minima problems

For 2" × 8":

For 4" × 6":

Tags: Wood Beam stiffness rectangular beam Maxima and Minima

21 - 24 Solved problems in maxima and minima

The largest rectangle is a square. answer

See also the solution using trigonometric function.

The triangle is an isosceles right triangle. answer

Altitude = 3/2 × shorter side of base. answer

Altitude = 3/4 × shorter side of base. answer

25 - 27 Solved problems in maxima and minima

Total area (closed both ends):

Diameter = height answer

Radius = height answer

Aide of base = 2 × altitude answer

Tags: Maxima and Minima box cylinder quart can

28 - Solved problem in maxima and minima

From the figure:

Solving for y by quadratic formula: a = 2; b = -x; c = -x2

y = -½ x is absurd, thus use y = x

Tags: Maxima and Minima isosceles triangle

29 - 31 Solved problems in maxima and minima

From Solution to Problem 30 above, dh/dd = -d/h

diameter = height answer

Tags: Maxima and Minima box cylinder Sphere

32 - 34 Maxima and minima problems of a rectangle inscribed in a triangle

From the figure:

Tags: Maxima and Minima right triangle rectangle

35 - 37 Solved problems in maxima and minima

Light is most if area is maximum: